CANDIDATES DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the Project Report titled
ONLINE MONITORING OF BREATHING PATTERN, BODY TEMPERATURE
AND PPG SIGNAL of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
Technology in Control & Instrumentation Engineering, from Instrumentation and
Control Department of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National institute of Technology, Jalandhar
is an authentic record of my own work carried out from July 2014 to June 2015 under the
supervision of Mrs Roop Pahuja and Dr. S. K. Phuja Department of Instrumentation
and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National institute of Technology.
The matter presented in this dissertation report has been not submitted by me for the
award of any other degree of this Institute or any other Institute.
Place: Jalandhar
Date:
RAMAWATAR MEENA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of
my knowledge.
Mrs. Roop Pahuja
(Associate Professor)
Dr. S. K. Pahuja
(Associate Professor)
The final viva-voce examination of Mr. Ramawatar Meena was conducted successfully
on.................... and accepted for the award of M.Tech. Degree.
External Examiner Dissertation Guide
Head of the Department
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and the foremost, I wish to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to my Guides
Mrs. Roop Pahuja and Dr. S. K. Pahuja Department of Instrumentation and Control
Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, for
their valuable advices and guidance. Both were generous and kind in providing the
necessary support and guidance for consistent improvements.
I would also like to thank Dr. Dilbag Singh, Associate professor & Head, Department
of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute
of Technology, Jalandhar, for providing necessary co-operation from the department.
I am grateful to all our faculty members and other staff members of Instrumentation and
Control Engineering Department for their suggestions and constant encouragement.
With a grateful heart, I acknowledge my friends and classmates who help me a lot. Once
again, I would like to thank my family for their blessings and endless support.
Dated:
Ramawatar Meena
ii
CONTENTS
CONTENTS NAME
PAGE
NO.
CANDIDATES DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ii
CONTENTS
iii-v
LIST OF FIGURES
vi-vii
LIST OF TABLE
viii
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ix
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER NO. 1 INTRODUCTION
1-10
1.1 BREATHING AND BREATHING RATE
1.2 DETECTION OF BREATHING
1.2.1 Using a high precision single point infrared sensor
1.2.2 Using pressure sensor, thermistor temperature sensor and a
Microphone
1.2.3 Using a miniature device consisting of an omnidirectional
microphone and aluminum conical bell
1.2.4 Using infrared imaging
1.2.5 Using remotely enhanced hand-computer interaction device
1.3 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY (PPG)
1.3.1 Types of PPG
3
5
1.4 HEART RATE
1.5 RELATION BETWEEN BREATHING RATE AND HEART RATE
1.6 DATA ACQUITION
1.7 THESIS OBJECTIVE
1.8 ORGNISATION OF THESIS
CHAPTER 2: LITRETURE SURVEY
11-15
iii
CHAPTER 3: SYETEM HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
16-25
3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
16
3.2 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM HARDWARE
16
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HARDWARE DESIGN TO BREATHING
17
AND BODY TEMPERATURE DETECTION
3.3.1 LM35 temperature sensor
17
3.3.2 AD620 amplifier
18
3.3.2.1 Pin diagram
19
3.3.2.2 Gain selection
20
3.3.3 Low pass filter
20
3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HARDWARE DESIGN FOR PPG
20
DETECTION
3.4.1 PPG Sensors
21
3.4.1.1 IR Transmitter OEP 5794
21
3.4.1.2 IR Receiver BPV10F
21
3.4.2 Current to voltage converter
21
3.4.2.1 LT1006 operational amplifier
22
3.5 DAQ SYSTEM
22
3.4.1 Physical input/output signal
24
3.4.2 DAQ Device /hardware
24
3.4.3 Driver software
24
3.4.4 Application software
25
CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY
26-31
4.1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE
26
4.2 INTRODUCTION TO LabVIEW
26
4.2.1 Dataflow programming
26
4.2.2 Graphical programming
26
4.3 FLOW CHART OF SYSTEM ALGORITHM
4.4 FLOW CHART IMPLEMENTATION IN LabVIEW
29
4.4.1 Sensoers data acquition
29
4.4.2 Calculation of breathing rate and body temperature
30
iv
4.4.3 Calculation of heart rate from ppg signal
CHAPTER 5 EXPEREMENTALWORK AND RESULTS
30
32-40
5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
32
5.2 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT
32
5.3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
33
5.4 FRONT PANEL FOR ONLINE MONITORING
33
5.5 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESULTS IN NORMAL CONDITION
34
5.5.1 Breathing signal of subject in normal state
35
5.5.2 Body temperature of subject in normal state
35
5.5.3 PPG Signal of subject in normal state
36
5.6 RESULTS AFTER EXERCISE OF SUBJECT
36
5.6.1 Breathing signal of subject after exercise
37
5.6.2 body temperature of subject after exercise
37
5.6.3 PPG Signal of subject after exercise
38
5.7 COMPARISON OF THE SIGNALS IN NORMAL AND AFTER
38
EXERCISE STATE
5.7.1 Comparison between breathing patterns in both states
38
5.7.2 Comparison between body temperatures in both states
39
5.7.3 comparison between PPG signals in both sates
39
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
41-42
REFERENCES
43-44
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE OF FIGURE
PAGE
NO.
NO.
1.1
Optical property of human body
1.2
PPG signal with AC and DC components
1.3
Illustration of finger PPG
1.4
Transmitted type PPGs probe
1.5
Reflection type PPGs probe
1.6
Area of detected signal with each type of Photoplethysmograph
3.1
Block diagram of system hardware for breathing, body temperature
16
and photoplethysmograpgy(PPG)
3.2
Block diagram of hardware for breath detection and body
17
temperature
3.3
3 pin diagram of AD620
19
3.4
Block diagram of hardware for PPG detection circuit
20
3.5
General Data acquisition system
23
4.1
Flow chart of system algorithm
29
4.2
flow chart of sensors data acquisition
29
4.3
flow chart for breathing rate and body temperature
30
4.4
flow chart for heart rate calculation
31
5.1
System hardware development for breathing pattern, body
32
temperature and PPG signal
5.2
Representation of breathing signal, body temperature and PPG
33
signal on front panel
5.3
Results of physiological parameters of subjects
35
5.4
Breathing signal in normal state of subject
35
5.5
Body temperature of subject in normal state of subject
36
5.6
PPG signal in normal state of subject
36
5.7
Breathing signal after exercise of subject
37
vi
5.8
Body temperature after exercise of subject
37
5.9
PPG signal after exercise of subject
38
5.10
Comparison between breathing pattern of subject in normal and
38
after exercise state
5.11
Comparison between body temperatures of subject in normal and
39
after exercise state
5.12
Comparison between PPG signals of subject in normal and after
exercise state
vii
39
LIST OF TABLE
TABLE
TABLE NAME
NO.
PAGE
NO.
5.1
Status of subject for physiological parameters
34
5.2
Recorded data of subjects in resting state
34
5.3
Recoded data of subjects after exercise state
37
viii
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACRONYMS
PAGE
NO.
FULL FORM
SAR
Socially Assistive Robotics
USB
Universal Serial Bus
IR
Infra Red
RR
Rehabilitative Robotics
PPG
Photoplethsmography
BPM
Beats Per Minute
GUI
Graphical User Interface
EEG
Electroencephalography
11
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11
FMRI
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
11
DAQ
Data Acquisition
12
PWV
Pulse Wave Velocity
12
CVD
cardiovascular diseases
12
OS
Operating System
14
VI
Virtual Instrumentation
15
PPM
Parts per million
18
ECG
Electrocardiography
20
Breathing Rate Per Minute
32
BRPM
ix
ABSTRACT
In thesis, a device is developed to detect breathing pattern, body temperature and PPG
signals of subjects. This device is cost efficient, Easy to use and Safe. Easy to use
addresses the user friendly nature needed for the device to be useable by the large number
of subjects. Safe addresses that device must be safe for the users. Thus the device must
be secured against the user to avoid false measurements. This device consist a LM35
temperature sensor is used to detect breathing pattern and body temperature and infrared
LED of peak wavelength 940 nm at 20 mA current and a photo transistor with similar
technical specifications to detect PPG signal.
DAQ card are used for the acquisition of signals coming from the device and processed
for further processing. A computer based online monitoring system was designed using
LabVIEW, a graphical programming language for engineering applications.
LabVIEW was used as application software in the thesis, allows developing user defined
tools for real time monitoring, data logging, data analysis, process and visualization of
data. With the increasing performance of the personal computer, computer based signal
processing systems are becoming an efficient and cost-effective way of acquiring and
analyzing these signals.
The detection of signals was done in low noise intensity indoor environment and various
algorithms were developed and then implemented using LabVIEW to calculate breathing
rate, body temperature and PPG signal.
