Primary source: Arduino Language Reference
http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/
Arduino Programming Cheat Sheet
Bitwise Operators
& (bitwise and)
^ (bitwise xor)
<< (shift left)
| (bitwise or)
~ (bitwise not)
>> (shift right)
Variables, Arrays, and Data
Bits and Bytes
lowByte(x)
highByte(x)
bitRead(x, bitn)
bitWrite(x, bitn, bit)
bitSet(x, bitn)
bitClear(x, bitn)
bit(bitn) // bitn: 0=LSB 7=MSB
Type Conversions
char()
byte()
int()
word()
long()
float()
Time
unsigned long millis()
// overflows at 50 days
unsigned long micros()
// overflows at 70 minutes
delay(msec)
delayMicroseconds(usec)
RESET
External Interrupts
attachInterrupt(interrupt, func,
[LOW, CHANGE, RISING, FALLING])
detachInterrupt(interrupt)
interrupts()
noInterrupts()
DIGITAL (PWM~)
L
TX
RX
ARDUINO UNO
ON
ICSP
Arrays
int myInts[6]; // array of 6 ints
int myPins[]={2, 4, 8, 3, 6};
int mySensVals[6]={2, 4, -8, 3, 2};
myInts[0]=42; // assigning first
// index of myInts
myInts[6]=12; // ERROR! Indexes
// are 0 though 5
Pointer Access
& (reference: get a pointer)
* (dereference: follow a pointer)
SoftwareSerial (serial comm. on any pins)
(#include <softwareSerial.h>)
SoftwareSerial(rxPin, txPin)
begin(long Speed) // up to 115200
listen()
// Only 1 can listen
isListening() // at a time.
read, peek, print, println, write
// all like in Serial library
Servo (#include <Servo.h>)
attach(pin, [min_uS, max_uS])
write(angle) // 0 to 180
writeMicroseconds(uS)
// 1000-2000; 1500 is midpoint
int read()
// 0 to 180
bool attached()
detach()
Wire (IC comm.) (#include <Wire.h>)
// join a master
begin()
begin(addr) // join a slave @ addr
requestFrom(address, count)
beginTransmission(addr) // Step 1
send(myByte)
// Step 2
send(char * mystring)
send(byte * data, size)
endTransmission()
// Step 3
int available() // #bytes available
byte receive() // get next byte
onReceive(handler)
onRequest(handler)
WWW.ARDUINO.CC - Made in Italy
Strings
char S1[8] =
{'A','r','d','u','i','n','o'};
// unterminated string; may crash
char S2[8] =
{'A','r','d','u','i','n','o','\0'};
// includes \0 null termination
char S3[]="Arduino";
char S4[8]="Arduino";
by Mark Liffiton
ATmega382:
16MHz, 32KB Flash (prog.),
2KB SRAM, 1KB EEPROM
DC in
sugg. 7-12V
limit 6-20V
POWER
ANALOG IN
SDA
SCL
(persists between calls)
(in RAM (nice for ISR))
(make read only)
(in flash)
Serial (communicate with PC or via RX/TX)
begin(long Speed) // up to 115200
end()
int available() // #bytes available
byte read() // -1 if none available
byte peek()
flush()
print(myData)
println(myData)
write(myBytes)
SerialEvent() // called if data rdy
EEPROM (#include <EEPROM.h>)
byte read(intAddr)
write(intAddr, myByte)
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
Qualifiers
static
volatile
const
PROGMEM
(0, 1, true, false)
(e.g. 'a' -128 to 127)
(-32768 to 32767)
(-2147483648 to 2147483647)
char (0 to 255)
(0 to 255)
int
(0 to 65535)
(0 to 65535)
long (0 to 4294967295)
(-3.4028e+38 to 3.4028e+38)
(currently same as float)
Constants
HIGH | LOW
INPUT | OUTPUT
true | false
143
(Decimal)
0173
(Octal - base 8)
0b11011111 (Binary)
0x7B
(Hexadecimal - base 16)
7U
(force unsigned)
10L
(force long)
15UL
(force long unsigned)
10.0
(force floating point)
2.4e5
(2.4*10^5 = 240000)
Advanced I/O
tone(pin, freqhz)
tone(pin, freqhz, duration_ms)
noTone(pin)
shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin,
[MSBFIRST,LSBFIRST], value)
unsigned long pulseIn(pin,
[HIGH,LOW])
Random Numbers
randomSeed(seed) // long or int
long random(max)
long random(min, max)
IOREF
RESET
3.3V
5V
GND
GND
Vin
Data types
void
boolean
char
int
long
unsigned
byte
unsigned
word
unsigned
float
double
Digital I/O (pins: 0-13 A0-A5)
pinMode(pin,[INPUT, OUTPUT])
int digitalread(pin)
digitalWrite(pin, value)
// Write HIGH to an input to
// enable pull-up resistors
Analog In (pins: 0-5)
int analogRead(pin)
analogReference(
[DEFAULT, INTERNAL, EXTERNAL])
PWM Out (pins: 3 5 6 9 10 11)
analogWrite(pin, value)
Math
min(x, y)
max(x, y)
abs(x)
sin(rad)
cos(rad)
tan(rad)
sqrt(x)
pow(base, exponent)
constrain(x, minval, maxval)
map(val, fromL, fromH, toL, toH)
int1
int0
Compound Operators
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound substraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)
&= (compound bitwise and)
|= (compound bitwise or)
Pin Input/Output
Libraries
7
~6
~5
4
~3
2
TX1
RX0
Control Structures
if (x < 5) { ... } else { ... }
while (x < 5) { ... }
do { ... } while ( x < 5);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { ... }
break; // exit a loop immediately
continue; // go to next iteration
switch (myVar) {
case 1:
...
break;
case 2:
...
break;
default:
...
}
return x; // just return; for voids
General Operators
= (assignment operator)
+ (add)
- (subtract)
* (multiply)
/ (divide)
% (modulo)
== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
< (less than) > (greater than)
<= (less than or equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)
&& (and)
|| (or)
! (not)
Built-in Functions
AREF
GND
13
12
~11
~10
~9
8
Basic Program Structure
void setup() {
// runs once when sketch starts
}
void loop() {
// runs repeatedly
}
Operators
SCL
SDA
Structure & Flow
Adapted from:
- Original by Gavin Smith
- SVG version by Frederic Dufourg
- Arduino board drawing
original by Fritzing.org
