EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
Page 1 of 8
EG1108 EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
E2.1
( Resistances in Series and Parallel )
20 30
Req=
20
30
=
= 12
1
20 + 30
Req=
60 40
= 60 40
= 24
2
60 + 40
=
Req Req 2 4 + Req1
24 ( 4 + 12 )
= 9.6
24 + ( 4 + 12 )
E2.2
20
30
Req1
Req
Req 2
40
60
( Resistances in Series and Parallel )
70 ( R + 18 )
20 70 R + 45 30 =+
20
Rab =+
70 + ( R + 18 )
18
R = 10
=90 R + 3020 =40
R + 88
20
70
45
30
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
Page 2 of 8
( Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents )
E2.3
8A
20
20
25
i1 b
20
i 10 c
10
20
8A
20 b
i1
v 25
vbd
Req1
d
d
Req1 =20 20 20 (10 + 10 ) =
5
Req 2 =25 20 + Req1 =25 25 =12.5
v =8 5 + Req 2 =8 17.5 =140 V
vad =
8 Req 2 =
8 12.5 =
100 V
vad
i1
=
= 100
= 4A
20 + Req1 25
vbd = i1 Req 2 = 4 5 = 20 V
=
i
vbd
= 20
= 1A
10 + 10 20
8A
vad
Req 2
d
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
E2.4
Page 3 of 8
( Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents )
Req = R + R + R R = 2.5 R
102 =
4
Req
E2.5
100 =
4
2.5 R
R=
10
R
10 V
Req
( Voltage - Divider and Current - Divider Circuits )
Applying current division, we obtain
=
iw
10 V
Rg
Rg
2 Rg
4
i
i 10
104
Rw + Rg
Rw + Rg
500 + Rg
1.9999 Rg 0.05 Rg 0.025
i=
2A
v
iw 104 A
Rw =
500
Rg
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
E2.6
Page 4 of 8
( Voltage - Divider and Current - Divider Circuits )
Let R be the unknown resistance.
R
12.6 V
150 12.6 =
5 R = 228
150 + R
E2.7
150
( Node - Voltage and Mesh - Current Analysis )
v1 v1 v2
0
+
+ ix =
5
5
or
2v1 v2 + 5ix =
0
v1 = 20 3 V
v2 v2 v1
+
ix 1 =0
v2 = 10 3 V
10
5
2v1 + 3v2 10ix =
or
10 ix = 10 3 A
Additional equation:
v1 v2 = 10
v1
v2
ix
10 V
10
Figure-E2.7
1A
5V
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
Page 5 of 8
E2.8 ( Node - Voltage and Mesh - Current Analysis )
5
5i1 + 15 ( i1 i2 ) 20 =
0
or
4i1 3i2 =
4
i1 = 26 11 A
i2 = 20 11 A
15 ( i2 i1 ) + 10i2 10 =
0
or
3i1 + 5i2 = 2
20 V
10
i1
15
i2
10 V
2
2
Power dissipation in the 15 resistor: p =
15 ( i1 i2 ) =
15 ( 6 11) =540 =4.463 W
121
E2.9
( Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits )
V
=
v=
9V
t
oc
Vt
Applying voltage division:
100
100 V =
6
9
6
100 + Rt t
100 + Rt
Rt = 50
Rt
open-circuited
voc =
9V
Rt
Vt
100
6V
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
E2.10
Page 6 of 8
( Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits )
1A
1A
6
9
12 V
30
isc = 12 1 =3 A
6
Req= 6 30= 6 30= 5
6 + 30
Therefore:
I n = I sc = 3 A
Vt = I sc Req = 3 5 =
15 V
R=
R=
5
n
t
6
9
6
30
isc
12 V
b
with output short-circuited
b
Thevenin equivalent
Req
b
with sources zeroed
a
15 V
3A
b
Norton equivalent
The 9 resistor has no effect on the equivalent circuits because the voltage across the 12 V source
is independent of this resistance. Another way of seeing this is that the 9 ohms resistance is not
involved in the derivation of the two equivalent circuits.
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
E2.11
Page 7 of 8
( Superposition Principle )
5
i1
ix
5
10 V
10
1A
i2
10
with voltage source zeroed
By current division:
10
2
1 = A
i1 =
10 + 5
3
By KCL:
8 A
i2 = 10 + 10 =
5 15
3
1A
10 V
10
with current source zeroed
ix = i1 + i2 = 10 A (Compare with E2.7)
3
EG1108 Electrical Engineering EXERCISE 2 (Solutions)
E2.12
Page 8 of 8
( Superposition Principle )
i1
2A
X v1 = 2i1
X v2 = 2i2
(a)
i2
3
i1 = 2 A
v1 2=
i13 16 V
=
(b )
1A
2A
i2 = 1 A
v2 2=
i23 2 V
=
X v = 2i
(c)
1A
i = 2 + 1 = 3 A
v 2=
i 3 54 V
=
v v1 + v2 . Superposition does not apply in this case because device X is a non-linear device. The
v i relationship, v = f ( i ) , of a linear device must satisfies the following conditions:
Homogeneity
( or Scaling ) :
Additivity :
f=
=
( Ki ) Kf
( i ) Kv
( where K is a constant )
f ( i1 + i2 )= f ( i1 ) + f ( i2 )
= v1 + v2
f ()
Ki
f ()
Kv
i1 + i2
f ()
v1 + v2
