A

! intj. an exclamation of sudden

a
recollection
ab
a! intj. an exclamation of surprise, wonder or disgust, emphatic
denial
abak
a n. Manila hemp, abaca
abak
ada n. alphabet
ab
ala n. delay, detention, disturbance
mag-abal
a (mag-) v. to trouble
oneself over something or somebody.
Huwag kang mag-abala. Dont
trouble yourself (too much).
mang-ab
ala (mang-) v. to disturb.
Nang-abala na naman sila kagabi.
They caused some disturbance again
last night.
abal
oryo n. glass beads, bead work
abaniko n. folding fan [syn. pamayp
ay]
ab
ante iabante (i-) v. to move
something forward. Iabante mo ang
kotse nang kaunti. Move the car
forward a little.
umabante (um-) v. to move forward. Umabante ka nang kaunti.
(You) Move forward a little.
ab
ang mag-abang, abang
an
(mag-:-an) v. to wait or watch for
someone or some vehicle to come
by. Mag-abang ka ng sasakyan. Wait
for a vehicle. Wait for a ride.
abay n. companion, best man,

bridesmaid
umabay (um-) v. to escort, to
act as best man, maid of honor,
bridesmaid at a wedding. Umabay si
Pedro sa kasal. Pedro was best man
at the wedding.
abiso n. notice, notication
mag-abiso, iabiso, abis
uhan
(mag-:i-:-an) v. to announce, to
inform, to notify. Abisuhan mo si
Juan ng aking pagdating. Notify
John about my arrival.
abitsu
ela Sp n. snap bean [var.

bitsuelas]
ab
o n. ashes adj. grey (color)
abok
ado Sp n. avocado
abog
ado/a Sp n. lawyer, attorneyat-law (masculine/feminine)
ab
ot n. reach, grasp
umabot, abutin (um-:-in) v. to
reach for. Umabot ka ng ulam.
Reach for the food.
mag-abot, iabot, abut
an (mag:i-:-an) v. to hand to. Mag-abot ka
ng pera sa akin kapag suweldo na.
Hand me your money when its
payday.
abot umabot, ab

utan (um-:-an)
v. overtake, reach. Hindi ko siya
maabutan sa pagtakbo. I can not
overtake her in running.
abrel
ata Sp n. can-opener [syn.
pambuk
as]
abrigo Sp n. wrap, ladys coat
Abril n. April
ab
ubot n.
knickknacks
carried
around
ab
uloy n. contribution, help fund,
relief, aid, subsidy
mag-abuloy, iabuloy (mag-:i-)
v. to contribute. Mag-abuloy ka sa
patay. Contribute (some money) for
the funeral.
umabuloy, abul
uyan (um-:-an) v.
to aid. Umabuloy ka sa kanya. Help
him.
aburido Sp adj. anxious, confused
abus
ado Sp adj. abusive
ab
uso Sp n. abuse, maltreatment
abyad
or n. pilot [syn. pil
oto]
ak
ala n. idea, belief p.v. to think.
Akala koy kumain ka na. I thought
you had already eaten.
mag-akala, akal
ain (mag-:-in) v.
to believe, to presume, to think, to
conceive, to imagine. Huwag kang
mag-akalang ako ay taksil. Dont
get the idea that Im unfaithful.
Baka akalain mong ako ay taksil.
You might think Im unfaithful.
akap mang-akap (mang-) v. to

embrace. Nang-akap siya ng babae.

ak
asya
He embraced a woman.
umakap, ak
apin (um-:-in) v. to
embrace (someone). Inakap niya
ako. He embraced me.
mag-akap
an (mag-:-an) v. to
embrace each other. Mag-akapan
kayo ngayon kung kayoy magkabati.
Embrace each other now if you are
really friends.
ak
asya n. acacia tree, monkeypod
akay n. person led by the hand

mag-akay, ak
ayin (mag-:-in) v. to
lead by the hand. Inakay niya ang
bata. He led the child by the hand.
umakay (um-) v. to hang-on (for
support). Umakay siya sa akin. He
hung on to me (for support or guidance).
akb
ay umakbay, akbay
an (um:-an) v. to put one arm on another
persons shoulder. Umakbay siya
sa akin. He put his arm across my
shoulder.
akin pron, adj. my, mine

akit umakit, mang-akit, akitin

(um-, mang-,-in) v. to charm, to attract, to lure, to entice. Akitin mo

ang mga mamimili sa pamamagitan
ng iyong ganda. Attract the buyers
by means of your beauty.
akl
at n. book [syn. libr
o]
akl
atan n. library
ak
o pron. rst person singular number pronoun meaning I, me
akm
a
mag-akma,
iakma
(mag-:i-) v. to set something. Iakma
mo ang baril. Aim the gun.
umakma (um-) v. to get ready to
do something. Umakma siya. He got
ready (to do something).
aksay
a n. wastage
maaksaya (ma-) adj. wasteful
maaksaya (ma-) v. to be wasted,
to go to waste. Baka maaksaya ang
tubig. The water might be wasted.
mag-aksaya, aksayahin, pagaksayah
an (mag-:-in:pag-an) v.
to squander, to use something
wastefully. Nag-aksaya siya ng

agaw
panahon. He wasted time. Huwag
pag-aksayahan ng panahon ang hindi
importanting bagay. Dont waste
time with unimportant things.
aksid
ente Sp n. accident
maaksidente (ma-) v. to meet
with an accident. Naaksidente siya
kahapon. He met with an accident
yesterday.
akto Sp umakto (um-) v. to act,

to perform as in a play, to behave.

Umakto siyang baliw sa isang palabas. He took the role of a crazy
person in a play.
aky
at mag-akyat, iakyat (mag:i-) v. to carry something up a
height. Mag-akyat ka rito ng isang
baldeng tubig. Bring a pail of water
up here.
umakyat, akyatin (um-:-in) v.
to climb up, to go up something.
Akyatin mo ang punong iyon. Climb
that tree.
ad
obo n. a popular Filipino meat
dish cooked in vinegar, salt, garlic,
pepper and soy sauce
ad
orno Sp n. adornment, decoration
mag-adorno, adornoh
an (mag:-an) v. to decorate. Nagadorno
siya ng kanyang bagong bahay. He
decorated his new house.
ady
os Sp intj. farewell, goodbye
aga maaga (ma-) adv. early

ag
ahan n. breakfast [syn. almus
al ]
ag
ad adv. at once, soon, immediately, right away, promptly.
Tumakbo siya agad. He ran at once.
agap n. promptness, quickness

maagap (ma-) adj. prompt, punctual, quick

umagap, ag
apan (um-:-an) v. to
anticipate, to watch for something,
to make sure that one gets it. Agapan mo ang mga sariwang gulay sa
palengke. Get to market early to get
the fresh vegetables.
agaw n. sudden snatching away

mang-agaw, ag
awin, ag
awan

agh
am
(mang-:-in:-an) v. to snatch, to
grab. Nang-agaw siya ng bag. He
snatched (somebodys) bag.
umagaw (um-) v. to participate
in grabbing. Umagaw ka sa pabitin.
(Get in there and) grab the hanging
object.
agh
am n. science
agila n. eagle

agiw n. cobweb

agos n. current

maagos (ma-) adj. having swift

currents
inagos (-in) v. to be carried away
by the current. Inagos ang mga
damit sa ilog. The clothes were
carried away by the current in the
river.
umagos (um-) v. to ow. Umagos
ang tubig. The water owed.
Ag
osto n. August
aguhilya Sp n. hair pin
ahas n. snake

ah
edres n. chess
ah
ensiya n. pawnshop, agency
ah
ente n. agent, salesman
ahit n. the shaved part, a shaving

service
mag-ahit, ahitin, inahit (mag:in) v. to shave. Inahit ni Pedro ang
kanyang balbas. Pedro shaved o his
beard.
ahon mag-ahon, iahon (mag
:-in, i-) v. to take something out
of the water. Iahon mo ang bata
sa tubig. Pull the child out of the
water.
umahon (um-) v. to get out of the
water. Umahon na tayo. Lets get
out of the water.
ala

ala n. remembrance, souvenir

alak n. wine, liquor

alakd
an n. scorpion
al
aga n. pet, ward, person, animal
or thing being taken care of
mag-alaga, alag
aan (mag-:-an)
v. to take care of, to raise, to bring
up. Alagaan mo ang iyong kapatid.
(You) take care of your brother (or

alat
sister).
alag
ad n. disciple, follower, apostle,
helper
al
ahas n. jewelry, jewels
alah
ero n. jewel maker, jewel
repairer, merchant
al
ala n. memory, recollection
alalah
anin (-in) v. to worry, to be
anxious about something
makaalala, maalala (maka-:ma-)
v. to remember someone with
something. Aba, nakaalala ka. Ah,
you remembered (him ... with
something).
mag-alal
a (mag-) v. to worry, to
be anxious. Huwag kang mag-alala.
Dont worry.
al
alay mag-alalay, alal
ayan
(mag-:-an) v. to take precaution, to
practice moderation or to act moderately. Alalayan mo ang pagkain.
Take it easy on the food or eat
moderately.
umalalay, alal
ayan (um-:-an) v.
to give support. Umalalay siya sa
maysakit. He gave physical support
to the sick (person). Alalayan mo
ang maysakit. Support the sick
(person).
al
am n. knowledge
maalam (ma-) adj. knowledgeable,
well-versed
alamin (-in) p.v. to know, to have
a knowledge of, to nd out. Alamin
mo kung ano ang nangyari. Find out
what happened.
alam
ang n. tiny shrimps
alam
at n. folklore, tradition
al
ambre n. wire
alamp
ay n. shoulder kerchief
alang
an adj. uncertain, doubtful,
insucient, not tted, unt, inadequate
mag-alangan (mag-) v. to be uncertain, to be doubtful. Nag-alangan
siya sa sasabihin niya. He was
uncertain about what he would say.
alap
aap n. clouds
al
as Sp n. ace (in playing cards).

alay

lat n. saltiness
a
maalat (ma-) adj. salty
umalat (um-) v. to become salty.
Umalat ang niluto ko. My cooking
became salty.
alay n. dedication, oering

mag-alay, ialay, al
ayan (mag-:i-:an) v. to dedicate, to oer. Mag-alay
ka ng bulaklak sa Birheng Maria. Offer owers to the Virgin Mary.
alk
alde Sp n. mayor
alkansiy
a Sp n. piggy bank
alkil
a Sp n. rent, hire
umalkila, alkilahin (um-:in) v. to
hire, to rent. Umalkila ka ng bahay.
Rent a house.
alkitr
an Sp n. tar, pitch, asphalt
[syn. aspalto]
ale n. aunt, step mother, expression

addressed to a woman, reference to

a woman
Alem
an n. German
alikab
ok n. dust
maalikabok (ma-) adj. dusty
aligi n. fat of crabs, shrimps
aligid adj. circling around
umaligid (um-) v. to circle around,
to hang around. Umaligid sa kaniya
ang maraming tao. Many people
hovered around him.
alila n. slave, maid, helper, servant
alim
ango n. a species of crab, big
crab
alim
asag n. a species of crab with a
spreckled shell
alin pron. which, which (one)
alind
og n. personal charm, gorgeousness
alins
angan maalinsangan (ma-)
adj. warm, hot
aling adj. a title of familial respect

used before the rst name of a

woman; when the name is not
appended, the noun form is
ale
aling
asaw n. eusion or emanation
of an oensive odor
umaalingasaw (-um-) v. to euse
or emanate an oensive odor.
Umaalingasaw ang bulol ng isda. An

al
og
oensive odor is emanating from the
rotten sh.
alipin n. slave
alipung
a n. athletes foot
alipust
a mangalipusta, alipustahin (mang-:-in) v. to maltreat, to
ridicule, to deride, to insult. Nangalipusta siya ng mahihirap. He insulted
the poor.
alis n. departure
mag-alis, alisin (mag-:-in) v. to
take away, to remove, to deduct.
Alisin mo ang mesa sa kuwarto.
Remove the table from the room
umalis (um-) v. to leave, to depart,
to go away. Umalis siya kahapon.
He left yesterday.
alitapt
ap n. rey
aliw n. consolation, comfort
mangaliw, aliwin (mang-:-in) v. to
console, to comfort. Aliwin mo siya.
Console her.
aliw
alas n. clarity, spaciousness
maaliwalas (ma-) adj. clear, spacious, open, well-ventilated
alm
a Sp umalma (-um-) v. to rise
on the hind legs. Umalma ang mailap
na kabayo. The untamed horse rose
on its hind legs.
almir
es n. a small stone mortar
almir
ol Sp laundry starch [var.
amir
ol ]
almohad
on n. cushion
almur
anas Sp n. piles (med.), hemorrhoids
almus
al n. breakfast [syn. ag
ahan]
mag-almusal (mag-) v. to have
breakfast. Mag-almusal tayo ng
maaga. Lets have breakfast early.
al
ok n. oer
magalok, ialok, alukin (mag-:i-:in) v. to oer, to advertise. Alukin
mo siya ng pagkain. Oer him some
food.
al
og n. shaking up
mag-alog, alugin (mag-:-in) v. to
shake the contents of [var. kalugin].
Alugin mo ang kahon. Shake the
box.

alon

umal
og (um-) v. to shake. Umalog
ang sasakyan. The vehicle shook.
alon n. waves

umalon (um-) v. to move like that

of waves. Umalon nang malakas kahapon sa dagat. The waves on the
ocean were big yesterday.
alp
as umalpas, alpas
an (um-:an) v. to become free, loose, untied
(as animals)
maka-alpas (maka-) v. to be able
to break loose. Naka-alpas ang
bilanggo. The prisoner was able to
break loose.
alpil
er n. pin, brooch, safety pin
alp
ombra n. rug, carpet
als
a Sp n. a rising, as of dough
umalsa (um-) v. to rise. Umalsa
ang puto. The rice cake rose.
mag-alsa (mag-) v. to rebel to
revolt to rise up against to stage a
strike. Nag-alsa sila laban sa mga
dayuhan. They rose up against the
foreigners.
mag-alsa, alsahin, ialsa (mag-:in, i-) v. to lift something. Alsahin
mo ito. Lift this up.
alt
ar n. altar, shrine
alul
od n. rain pipe, rain gutter,
downspout, drain pipe
alumpihit adj. wriggling and twisting (due to discomfort or pain)
alupihan n. centipede
am n. broth of rice
am
a n. father [syn. t
atay, it
ay]
amag n. mold, mildew

amain n. uncle [syn. tio, tiyo]

am
ang n. 1 reference to a boy [syn.
t
otoy, it
oy, t
oto] 2 elderly man (in
some areas) [syn. M
amang, Mang
(both used with first name)] 3 a
term for father in some areas [syn.
Am
a, T
atay]
amb
a n. a threatening gesture
umamba, amba
an (um-:-an) v.
to gesture threateningly. Inambaan niya ako. He gestured to me
threateningly.
amb
ag n. contribution, share in a

am
oy
collective aair
mag-ambag, iambag (mag-:i-) v.
to contribute, to give a share of any
kind. Mag-ambag tayo para sa mga
mahihirap. Lets give something for
the poor.
amb
on n. drizzle, light rain, shower
umambon (um-) v. to drizzle, to
shower lightly. Umambon kahapon. It
showered lightly yesterday.
ambul
ansiya Sp n. ambulance
amerik
ana n. suit (for men), sports
jacket, coat [syn. dyaket]
Amerik
ano/a n. American (male /
female)
amin pron. rst person plural

number pronoun (exclusive meaning

our ours us (exclusive) shows possession of location where preceded
by sa. Pumunta ka sa amin. Go to
our place.
aminin (-in) v. to admit ones mistake. Aminin mo na ang kasalanan
mo. Admit your mistake now.
amir
ol n. starch [var. almir
ol ]
amo n. boss, master, employer, man
ager
amo n. 1 tameness 2 coaxing, sup
plication
maamo (ma-) adj. tame, not wild
am
uin (-in) v. to placate. Amuin
mo siya. Placate him.
umamo (um-) v. to become tame,
to become domesticated, submissive.
Umamo ang mabangis na lion. The
erce lion became tame.
amot n. something obtained or

bought at cost price

umamot, am
utan (um-:-an) v. to
obtain, procure, buy at cost price.
Umamot ka sa kanya ng isang salo
na bigas. He bought a ganta of rice
at cost.
am
oy n. smell, odor, aroma, body
odor, intensive smell, oensive smell
amuyin (-in) v. to smell something.
Amuyin mo nga ito. Smell this.
mangam
oy (mang-) v. to become
smelly or odorous. Nangamoy ang

ampalay
a
sirang pagkain. The spoiled food
smelled bad.
ampalay
a n. bitter melon, balsam
apple, amargoso
amp
aw n. pued rice or corn, sugared popcorn
amp
on n. adopted child, protection
in the form of adoption
mag-ampon, ampunin (mag-:-in)
v. to adopt. Ampunin mo ang bata.
Adopt the child.
an
ak n. child, son/daughter, ospring
ipanganak (ipang-) v. to be born.
Ipinanganak na bulag ang bata. The
child was born blind.
an
ahaw n. palm tree
anay n. termite, white ants

andad
or Sp n. walking aid for babies
and
amyo Sp n. gangplank, slipway
and
ar Sp umandar (-um-) v.
to work, function, to start as in
machinery. Umandar ang kotse. The
car started.
angkla n. anchor

ani n. harvest, product

mag-ani, umani, anihin (mag-,

um-:-in) v. to harvest, to reap.
Umani kami ng palay. We harvested
rice.
anib umanib (um-) v. to join an

organization, to be a member of.

Umanib siya sa isang samahan. He
joined an organization.
anibers
aryo n. anniversary
anim num. six

aninag adj. visible, transparent,

translucent
anino n. shadow, reection
anis n. nutmeg
anit n. scalp

anito n. deity, idol

an
o intj. what, as a greeting, it
means hello
anluw
agi n. carpenter [var. alw
agi]
anod maanod (ma-) v. to be car
ried away by the current
an
urin (-in) v. carried away. Inanod

angkin
ng tubig ang bakya. The water carried the wooden shoes away.
ant
a maanta (ma-) adj. rancid
(food)
ant
ena Sp n. antenna
antim
ano conj. beforehand
anting-anting n. amulet
ant
ok inantok, antokin (-in) v.
to be sleepy. Inantok ang bata. The
child got sleepy.
anu-an
o intj. plural form of the
question word ano what
anum
an pron. whatsoever usually
occurs with walang as in walang
anuman to mean not at all or
there is nothing to it
an
unsiyo n. advertisement
any
aya n. invitation
mag-anyaya, anyay
ahan (mag-:an) v. to invite. Nag-anyaya ako ng
maraming bisita. I invited a lot of
visitors.
any
o n. gure, form, appearance
ang mkr. denite article similar to

the that marks the topic of the

sentence, focus marker, topic marker
ang
at mag-angat,
angatin,
iangat (mag-:-in, i-) v. to lift, to
raise something. Angatin mo ang
silya. Raise this up.
umangat (um-) v. to rise, to
progress, to get lifted. Umangat siya
sa kanyang kabuhayan. His status in
life was raised.
angk
an n. family, lineage
angk
as mag-angkas, iangkas
(mag-:i-) v. to take someone for
a ride. Iangkas mo ako sa iyong
bisikleta. You take me for a ride on
your bicycle.
umangkas, angkas
an (um-:-an)
v. to hitch a ride, to ride with
someone. Umangkas ako sa kotse
niya. I got a ride in his car.
angkin adj. inborn, native, having
or possessing
mag-angkin (mag-) v. to possess
(usually used in the incompleted
aspect meaning possessing or

angk
op
having. Nag-aangkin siya ng tanging kagandahan. She has natural
beauty.
mang-angkin, angkinin (mang:-in) v. to claim ownership usually
of something that legally belongs
to someone else. Nang-angkin na
naman ito ng hindi kanya. Hes
claiming possession again of things
that arent his.
angk
op adj. t, proper, becoming
angh
ang n. pepperiness
maanghang (ma-) adj. spicy
(food), peppery hot
angh
el n. angel
apa n. this rolled wafer of rice starch

and red sugar, ice cream cone

aparad
or n.
cupboard,
clothes
closet or cabinet, drawers
apat num. four

apaw umapaw (um-) v. to over

ow, to innundate. Umapaw ang
tubig sa kanal. The water overowed
from the canal.
apd
o n. bile, gall
apelyido n. surname, last name
api mang-api, apihin (mang:-in) v. to maltreat, to abuse, to
oppress, to harm. Huwag mong
apihin ang bata. Dont maltreat the
child.
apl
aya n. beach, seashore
ap
o n. grandchild (term of reference).
apog n. lime

ap
oy n. re
maapoy (ma-) adj. ery, aming
ap
uhap
mang-apuhap,
apuh
apin
(mang-:-in)
v.
to
feel something by extending the
hand. Inapuhap niya ang pera niya
sa dilim. He groped for his money
in the dark.
umapuhap (um-) v. to feel out by
extending the hand
ap
ulid n. water chestnut
aral mag-aral, ar

alin (mag-:-in)
v. to study. Mag-aral ka ng iyong leksiyon. Study your lesson.

asin
ar
aro n. plow, plough
mag-araro, arar
uin (mag-:-in) v.
to plow. Mag-araro tayo ng bukid.
Lets plow the eld.
araw n. day, sun

umaraw (um-) v. to shine brightly

(the suns coming out). Umaraw kahapon. The sun was out yesterday.
araw-

araw adv. every day

albul
aryo n. a quack doctor who
usually used herbs for treatment of
any kind of ailment
arkil
a Sp n. rent, rental [syn. alkil
a]
umarkil
a, arkilahin v. to rent, to
pay for the use of property. Umarkila
kami ng dyip para hakutin ang aming
gamit. We hired a jeepney to haul
our things.
arkit
ekto n. architect
ari n. property

arm
ado Sp adj. armed
arm
as Sp n. weapon, arms
artista n. actor/actress (of the
movie, stage, television, etc.)
arug
a mag-aruga (mag-) v. tender care, nurture. Mag-aruga ka ng
mga anak mo. Take care of your children.
asa umasa, as

ahan (um-:-an) v.
to hope for, to expect. Asahan mong
hindi kita malilimutan. Rest assured
that I wont forget you.
asal n. custom, habit, behavior,

manners
asar
ol n. a large hoe
mag-asarol, asarolin (mag-:-in) v.
to use a hoe, to till the soil. Asarolin
natin ang halaman. Lets hoe the
garden.
as
awa n. wife/husband, spouse
(term of reference)
asik
aso Sp n. attention given to
someone or some work
mag-asikaso, asikas
uhin (mag-:in) v. to mind, to take care of, to
attend to. Asikasuhin mo ang mga
panauhin. Take care of the visitors.
asim n. sourness

maasim (ma-) adj. sour (food)

asindero
asin n. salt
asind
ero Sp n. land owner, plantation owner
asisti sp v. to wait on, to serve
umasisti,
asistih
an (um-:-an)
v. to assist, to help, to aid, to
attend. Asistihan natin ang mga
nangangailangan. Lets help the
needy.
asn
o n. donkey
aso n. dog

as
o n. smoke
aspil
e Sp n. pin, straight pin
as
ukal Sp n. sugar
as
ul Sp n. blue (color)
asus
ena sp n. tuberose
asw
ang n. ghost, evil spirit
at conj. and, connects words,
phrases, or entire sentences of equal
syntactic rank
at iba pa phrase. etcetera, and so
forth
at
ake Sp n. attack
aatakihin (-in) v. to attack, to have
an attack. Aatakihin siya ng sakit sa
puso. He will have a heart attack.
ata
ul n. con, bier
at
ay n. liver
ate n. appellation for elder sister,

used with or without the given

name (term of address reference)
atin pron. rst person plural num
ber pronoun (inclusive meaning
our, ours, us (inclusive) shows possession of location when preceded
by sa
atip n. roof, roong
atis n. sugar apple, custard apple

atom Eng n. atom

atr
as umatras (um-) to retreat, to
back up, to move back. Umatras ang
kotse. The car backed up.
atras
ado Sp adj. late, slow
ats
ara n. pickled papaya
atsuw
ete Sp n. shrub with burry
fruits used for food coloring
awa n. grace, pity, charity, compas
sion
maawa (ma-) v. to take pity.

ayos
Maawa ka sa akin. Pity me.
was umawas (-um-) v. to
a
overow. Umawas ang tubig sa
banyo. The water overowed in the
bathroom.
awat n. pacication of quarreling

people
mang-awat, umawat, aw
atin
(mang-, um-:-in) v. to pacify a
quarrel, to stand between a ght.
Awatin mo sina Ben at David.
Pacify Ben and David.
away n. a quarrel, dispute

mag-away (mag-) v. to quarrel

(with each other). Nag-away ang
matalik na magkaibigan. The close
friends had a quarrel.
mang-away, aw
ayin (mang-:-in)
v. to quarrel with somebody. Nangaway na naman si Minda. Minda
started another quarrel.
awit n. song, chant, hymn

umawit, awitin (um-:-in) v. to

sing. Umawit si Nenita sa klase.
Nenita sang in class.
awto n. car, automobile [syn. kotse]

ay part. connects the topic of the

sentence and the predicate when
the sentence is given in the reverse
order; sentence inversion marker.
Siya ay umalis. He left.
ay! intj. an exclamation of surprise
or pain
ayaw umay

aw, ayaw
an (um-:an) pv. to back out from, to reject,
to dislike, to refuse (opposite of
gustuhin). Umayaw siya sa aking
plano. He rejected my plan.
ayon adj. parallel to, in agreement

adv. according to ...; as alleged

by. Ayon sa sabi ng tao, mabait ka
raw. According to what people say,
you are good.
umayon, ay
unan (um-:-an) v.
to agree, to conform, to go along
with. Umayon si Ernest sa balak
ni Rosita. Ernest conformed with
Rositas plan.
ayos n. order

ayw
an

maayos (ma-) adj. orderly, arranged, (well) xed, just right

mag-ayos, ay
usin (mag-:-in) v.
to arrange, to put in order, to x.
Ayusin mo ang buhok ni Linda.
Arrange Lindas hair.
ayw
an phrase. be ignorant of something. Aywan ko. I dont know. [var.
ew
an] [syn. di al
am]

B
ba part. question marker, expressive
of interrogation in yes or no questions. Mayroon ba silang ginawa?
Have they done anything?
bab
a n. descent
bumaba, babain (um-:-in) v. to
go down, to descend. Bumaba siya
sa hagdan. He went down the stairs.
b
aba n. chin
b
aba mababa (ma-) adj. short,
low
magbab
a, ibab
a (mag-:i-) v. to
reduce, to take down, to carry to
a lower level. Ibaba mo ang iyong
timbang. Reduce your weight.
bumaba (um-) v. to become
shorter, to become cheaper. Bumaba
ang presyo ng mga bilihin. The price
of goods went down.
bab
ae n. woman adj. female
b
abad magbabad, bab
arin,
ibabad (mag-:in, i-) v. to soak.
Ibabad mo ang damit sa sabon. Soak
the dress in soap.
babal
a n. notice, sign
b
abaw adj. shallow
bab
ero n. bib
b
aboy n. pig, pork
b
aboy-ram
o n. wild pig [var. b
aboydam
o]
b
aka n. cattle, cow, beef
bak
a adv. possibly, perhaps, maybe,
might. Baka ka maputulan ng daliri.
You might get your nger cut o.
b
akal n. iron, steel
bakal
aw n. cod

b
aging
bak
as n. print, mark, trace
bumakas (um-) v. to mark or leave
a mark, to leave a trail or vestige.
Bumakas ang kanyang sampal. His
slap left a mark
bakasy
on n. vacation, rest
magbakasyon (mag-) v. to take a
vacation, to leave for a vacation, to
go on a vacation. Magbabakasyon si
Vida sa Texas. Vida will vacation in
Texas.
bakb
ak mabakbak adj. detached, decorticated
bakbak
an (-an) v. to remove the
bark or thick skin of something, to
chastise (someone)
bakb
akan n.
ght,
altercation
(slang)
b
akit int. why. Bakit ka naparito?
Why have you come here?
bakl
a adj.
eeminate
man,
hermaphrodite [syn. binabae ]
bakli adj. broken (stick)
b
akod n. fence
b
akol n. a big basket (at), a fourcornered bamboo basket with round
opening
baku-bak
o adj. rugged (surface)
bak
una n. vaccination
bak
uran n. yard
baky
a n. wooden shoes, clogs
bakyum-kliner Eng n. vacuum
cleaner
b
aga n. embers, glowing coal
b
aga n. lung
bag
a adv. emphatic marker, throws
more stress on the interrogation.
Ikaw baga ay nagasawa? Did you
(ever) get married? conj. (+man)
although
bag
ahe Sp n. baggage, luggage
b
agal adj. slow, sluggish
bag
ang n. molar (tooth)
b
agay n. thing, object
b
agay adj. becoming, proper, t
bumagay, bag
ayan (um-:-an) v. to
suit, to conform. Bagayan mo ang
ugali niya. Make adjustments to suit
his ways.

b
ago
b
aging n. vine, climber, creeper
b
ago adj. new, recent, modern
pagbabago (pag-) n. change
b
ago adv/conj. before, recently
bag
on n. freight car, wagon, van
bago
ong n. salty small sh of
shrimp relish, anchovies, wet salted
small sh or tiny shrimps [syn.
alam
ang]
bags
ak bumagsak (um-) v. to
fall, to fail. Bumagsak ang eroplanong sinasakyan ng pangulo.
The airplane the president was on
crashed.
magbagsak, ibagsak (mag-:i-) v.
to drop. Ibinagsak ng Totoy ang
telepono. Totoy slammed down the
telephone.
bagsik adj. violent, erce, merciless,
strict, cruel, severe
bagy
o n. storm, typhoon
bagyuhin (-in) v. (phenomenal
verb) to have a storm/typhoon.
Baka ka bagyuhin sa probinsya. You
might get hit by the storm in the
province.
bumagyo (um-) v. (phenomenal
verb) to rain violently as in a
storm or typhoon. Bumabagyo nang
malakas. The storm is raging strong.
bah
a n. ood
binaha (-in) v. (phenomenal verb)
to ood. Binaha ang buong bayan.
The whole town was ooded.
bumaha (um-) v. (phenomenal
verb) to ood. Bumaha dahil sa
lakas ng ulan. I ooded because of
the strong rain.
bah
ag n. G-string, loin cloth with a
part pulled between the thighs
bahagh
ari n. rainbow
bah
agi n. part, portion, piece
bahagy
a adj. hardly, barely
bah
ala n. an expression of uncertainty or responsibility. Bahala na
kayo. The decision is yours. (Its up
to you.)
mabah
ala (ma-) adj. to feel
concerned, worried, anxious

10

balarila
b
ahay n. house
b
ahay-
aso n. dog-kennel
b
ahay-bat
a n. uterus
bahin n. sneeze
bumahin (-um-) v. to sneeze. Akoy
malimit bumahin kapag akoy may
sipon. I sneeze frequently when I
have colds.
b
aho adj. foul odor, bad smell
stinking odor
bah
ura n. reef [var. batuh
an]
bailarina Sp n. dancer (feminine),
taxi-dancer
baile Sp n. ball, dance
bait n. kindness
mabait (ma-) adj. kind, good, gentle, virtuous
bait
ang n. steps of a staircase
baiw
ang n. waist
b
ala n. bullet
bal
abal n. mantilla, wrap, shawl
(apparel)
magbalabal, balab
alin, ibalabal
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to wrap oneself
with a shawl, mantle, or kerchief.
Magbalabal ka at nang hindi ka
ginawin. Wrap yourself so you wont
get cold.
b
alak n. plan, intention
magbalak, binalak (mag-:-in) v.
to plan, to intend to do. Binalak
kong dalawin ka. I planned to visit
you.
balak
ang n. hips, pelvis
bal
akid n. obstacle
balak
ubak n. dandru
bal
ae n. parents and parents-in-law
relationship (term of reference), a
parent of ones son or daughter-inlaw
balahibo n. ne body hair, feather
hair of fowls of woolly hair of animals, fur
bal
anse Sp n. balance, remainder
b
alang n. locust
balang
a n. wide mouthed earthen
cooking pot
balangk
as n. framework
balarila n.
grammar
[syn.

bal
asa
gram
atika]
bal
asa magbalasa, balas
ahin
(mag-:-in) v. to shue playing
cards. Balasahin mo na ang baraha.
Shue the cards (now).
b
alat n. birthmark (on skin)
bal
at n. bark of a tree, skin, peelings, leather
balatkay
o n. costume, disguise
bal
ato Sp n. money given away by
a winning gambler as goodwill
magbalato, balat
uhan (mag-:-an)
v. donate, give away (money or
winnings). Balatuhan mo sila. Give
them some of your winnings.
bal
atong n. soybean
balb
as Sp n. beard
balk
on Sp n. porch, balcony [var.
balkon
ahe]
bald
ado Sp adj. disabled, crippled,
overused
bald
e n. large can, pail, bucket [var.
baldi]
bald
osa Sp n. tile
b
ale Sp adj. value (used commonly
as hindi bale, its all right never
mind, bale wala, of no value)
n. promissory note
bumale (um-) v. to get a cash
advance. Bumale ako dahil sa kapos
ako ngayon. I got a cash advance
because Im broke now.
b
ale-b
ale Sp adj. of quite some
value
baledikt
oryan Eng n./adj. valedictorian
b
ali n. fracture
bali adj. fractured, broken
bumali, binali (um-:-in) v. to
break (usually with the hands). Binali ni Rogelio ang lapis sa kanyang
galit. Rogelio broke the pencil in
anger.
balib
ag n. to heave or throw something like a boomerang of a piece of
wood or cane
bumalibag (um-) v. to be thrown,
hurled
magbalibag, ibalibag (mag-:i-)

11

balintat
aw
to throw, hurl, cast an object.
Ibinalibag ng bata ang kanyang
laruan. The child threw down his
toy.
mangbalibag, balibagin (mang:-in) v. to throw, hurl, cast an
object at someone or something.
Nambalibag si Pedro ng kahoy sa
kanyang mga kalaro. Pedro hurled
the stick to his playmates.
balibol n. awl, auger, bit [syn.
barena]
balik bumalik (um-) v. to
come back, to return. Bumalik si
McArthur sa Pilipinas. McArthur
returned to the Philippines.
magbalik, ibalik (mag-:i-) v. to
return something, to restore. Ibalik
mo agad ang libro. Return the book
early as soon as possible.
mabalik (ma-) v. to be returned to
former status. Nabalik sa kanya ang
dati niyang bahay. He got back his
former house.
balikat n. shoulder
balikw
as bumalikwas (um-) v.
to turn suddenly to the opposite
side, to suddenly rise from a lying
position. Bumalikwas ako sa kama
nang narinig ko ang putok ng baril.
I jumped out of bed when I heard
the gunshot.
magbalikwas, balikwasin (mag-:in) to turn something suddenly to
the opposite side
baligt
ad adj. inside-out, up-side
down [var. baliktad ]
magbaligtad, baligtarin, ibaligtad (mag-:-in, i-) v. to turn
something over, to invert, to reverse, to tur inside-out. Baligtarin
mo ang kinuha ko. Turn over those
(clothes) I was sunbleaching.
bumaligtad (um-) v. to turn over.
Bumaligtad ang sasakyan. The car
turned completely over.
balimbing n. starfruit, a smal tree
whose edible eshy fruit has ve longitudinal, angular lobes

balintaw
ak
balintat
aw n. pupil (of the eye)
balintaw
ak n. womans native costume with buttery sleeves, informal
Balintaw
ak n.
historical
place
north of Manila where the rst cry
of the Revolution against Spain was
made by Andres Bonifacio
balintuw
ad adj.
bottom-up,
upside-down [syn. baligt
ad ]
balisa n. anxiety
balis
a adj. anxious, restless
balis
ong n. fan knife made in
Batangas
balita n. news adj. well-known,
famous, talked about
magbalita,
ibalita (mag-:i-)
v. to tell, to report, to relay the
news. Ibalita mo naman sa amin
ang nangyari. Let us know what
happened.
baliw n. crazy or demented person,
maniac adj. crazy, demented
b
alo n. widow, widower [var. b
ao]
[syn. biy
udo/ biy
uda]
bal
on n. a well (of water), a deep
hole in the ground
b
alot n. covering, wrapping, takehome food
bal
ot adj. covered, wrapped
magbalot, bal
utin, ibalot (mag:-in, i-) v. to wrap, to encase, to
envelope. Magbalot ka ng makakain
natin. (You) wrap the food were
going to eat.
bals
a n. raft
b
alse Sp n. waltz
balt
ak n. sudden, strong pull
mambaltak, baltakin (mang-:-in)
v. to pull suddenly. Baltakin mo
siya at baka mahulog. Pull him or
he might fall.
baltik n. stubborness, head strongness
balukt
ot adj. crooked, curved, bent
balunbal
unan n. gizzard (of fowls)
bal
ustre n. banisters
bal
ut n. boiled ducks egg with partially developed embryo (a native
delicacy)

12

bant
a
bal
utan n. bundle, package
baly
ena Sp n. whale, white wax
candle
bamb
ang n. canal [syn. kan
al ]
b
anak n. mullet
ban
al adj. pious, virtuous
ban
as n. sultriness and humidity
[syn. alins
angan]
mabanas (ma-) adj. sultry and
humid
b
anat n. a strike, sock, bow or stroke
to hit something, a pull to stretch
ban
at adj. taut, stretched
magbanat, ban
atin (mag-:-in) v.
to pull, to stretch. Banatin mo ang
iyong buto sa trabaho. Stretch your
bones with some work.
ban
ayad adj. moderate, soft, gentle
(in manner)
band
a adj. towards or about a certain place or time, in the direction
of
b
anda n. band of musicians, an organized group of musicians
band
ana Eng n. kerchief, scarf
band
eha Sp n. tray
bandeh
ado Sp n. platter, oblong
china tray
band
era Sp n. ag, banner [var.
bandila]
bandido Sp n. bandit
banid
oso/a Sp adj. vain (masculine/ feminine)
banig n. mat
b
anil n. adhering dirt on neck [syn.
lib
ag]
banilya n. vanilla
banl
aw magbanlaw, banlaw
an
(mag-:-an) v. to rinse, to cleanse.
Banlawan mo ang mga kinula. Rinse
the things you have sun bleached.
banli n. scalding
magbanli, banli
an (mag-:-an) v.
to scald, to sterilize. Banlian mo
ang mga tinidor at kutsara. Scalp
the forks and spoons.
bans
a n. country, nation
bans
ot adj. stunted (in growth), arrested in development

bant
ad
bant
a n. threat
magbanta, banta
an (mag-:-an) v.
to threaten. Binantaan niya ako. He
threatened me.
bant
ad adj. sated, satiated [syn.
saw
a, suy
a ]
bant
ay n. guard, watcher
magbantay, bantay
an (mag-:-an)
v. to watch closely, to be on guard.
Bantayan mo ang bahay. Guard the
house.
bant
ayog n. monument
bant
og adj. famous
bany
aga n. foreigner adj. foreign
b
anyo Sp n. bathroom, shower room
b
anyos Sp n. sponge bath [syn.
p
unas]
bang
a n. jar, earthen jar, for drinking water
b
angaw n. big y
bangk
a n. boat, banca
bangk
ay n. corpse, cadaver
bangk
ero Sp boatman, banker,
dealer and/or payer in gambling
(shortened to bangk
a, colloquially)
bangk
eta Sp n. sidewalk, footpath
bangk
ete Sp n. banquet
bankito n. stool, small chair
b
angko Sp n. bank
bangk
o n. bench, stool
bangg
a bumangga (-um-) v.
to hit something, to collide with
something. Bumangga ang kotse
sa pader. The car ran into a stone
wall.
mabangga (ma-) v. to hit, collide
against accidentally, to bump into.
Nabangga ang kotse sa pader. The
car ran against the stone wall.
ibangga, banggain (mag-:i-:-in)
v. to ram an object against something, to collide against something.
Binangga ng kotse ang pader. The
car ran into the stone wall.
mangbangga (mang-:-in) v. to hit
or ram against. Nambangga siya ng
kotse ko. He bumped my car.
bangg
era Sp n. extension from

13

bar
a
windows where the chinaware is
kept [var. banggerah
an]
banggit bumanggit, banggitin
(-um-:-in) v. to mention, to cite. Binanggit niya sa akin ang nangyari.
He mentioned to me what had happened.
bangin n. ravine, abyss, precipice
bangis n. ferocity, wildness
mabangis (ma-) adj. cruel, erce
bang
o n. aroma, fragrance
mabango (ma-) adj. fragrant,
sweet-smelling
b
angon n. rising from a lying position
bumangon (-um-) v. to rise from a
lying position, to get up from bed.
Bumangon siya nang maaga kanina.
He got up early a while ago.
magbangon, ibangon (mag-:i-) v.
to raise something, to see something
in an upright position. Ibangon mo
ang may sakit. Help the sick person
get up.
bang
us n. milk sh
b
ao n. coconut shell without husk or
meat
ba
ol n. footlocker, chest, a rectangular trunk (for clothes)
b
aon n. provision or supply of food
taken on a journey
magbaon, ba
unin, ibaon (mag-:in, i-) v. to carry provisions or supplies usually food. Magbaon ka nang
di ka gutumin. Take enough food to
keep you from getting hungry.
ba
on buma
on (-um-) v. to become buried, to sink. Buma
on ang
sapatos ko sa putik. My shoes got
stuck in the mud.
magbaon, ibaon (mag-:i-) v. to
bury something. Ibaon mo ang patay
na pusa. Bury the dead cat.
bap
or n. ship, boat, steamship
bar
a bumara (-um-) v. to cause
an obstruction. Bumara sa daan ang
nabuwal na kahoy. The uprooted
tree blocked the road (path).
magbara, ibara (mag-:i-) v. to

bar
aha
bar, to hinder, to obstruct with
something. Ibara mo ang mga bato
sa daan. Block the road (path) with
stones.
bar
aha n. playing cards
barandilya n. handrail
bar
aso n. arm
bar
at adj. niggardly, stingy, miserly
b
arbel Eng n. weights (used in
weightlifting)
barb
ero Sp n. barber
barbery
a Sp n. barbershop
bar
ena n. drill
bar
eta n. bar
baril n. gun
bumaril (-um-) v. to shoot with a
gun. Bumaril si Pedro. Pedro shot
the gun.
magbaril (mag-) v. to shoot oneself. Magbaril ka. (You) shoot.
mamaril, barilin (mang-:-in) to
shoot at something. Barilin mo ang
ibon. Shoot the bird.
bariles n. barrel
barnis n. varnish
b
aro n. dress, upper garment [syn.
bestido, damit]
b
arungb
arong n. make-shift shack
b
arong-Tag
alog n. mans native
shirt, formal attire
barumb
ado adj. temperamental
bary
a n. loose or small change, coins
b
aryo Sp n. barrio, subdivision of a
town
b
asa bumasa (-um-) v. to read.
Bumasa ka ng tula. Read a poem.
magbas
a, bas
ahin (mag-:-in) v. to
read something. Basahin mo ang diyaryo. Read the newspaper.
bas
a adj. wet
mabasa (ma-) v. to become wet,
drenched
b
asag n. break, crack
b
asag adj. broken
makabasag, mabasag (maka-:ma) v. to break china, glassware, or
earthenware accidentally, to be able
to break. Nabasag niya ang mga
pinggan. He broke the plates.

14

b
ati
magbas
ag, bas
agin (mag-:-in) v.
to break glassware, china, earthenware, to crack, to break repeatedly,
deliberately. Baka basagin ng bata
ang plorera. The child might break
the ower vase.
bas
ahan n. cleaning rag
b
asket Eng n. basket
basketb
ol Eng basketabll
magbasketbol (mag-) v. to play
basketball
b
asi n. rice wine
b
aso n. drinking glass, drinking cup
bast
a Sp adv. an interjection meaning enough, just, as long as
bast
on n. cane, walking cane
bast
os adj. uncouth, rude, impolite,
impertinent
bas
ura n. trash, garbage
basurah
an (-an) n. garbage container, trash can, a place where
garbage or trash is thrown
basur
ero n. garbageman, garbage
collector
b
ata n. nightgown, robe, dressing
gown
b
ata n. child
b
ata adj. young, immature
bat
a magbata, bumata (mag-:in) v. to endure, to tolerate, to bear,
to suer. Nagbata ng hirap ang aking
ina para sa aking kinabukasan. My
mother endured hardships for my future.
b
atak bumatak, bat
akin (-um-:in) v. to pull, to stretch [var. balt
ak ].
Batakin mo ang lubid. Stretch the
rope.
batal
an n. rear of barrio house for
washing and for storage of water
bat
as n. law
b
ataw n. hyacinth bean
b
atay ibatay (i-) v. to base on
something. Ibinatay sa tula ni Rizal
ang drama. The drama was based
on Rizals poem.
bateriy
a Sp n. storage battery,
ashlight battery
Bath
ala n. God

b
ating sut
b
ati bumati, batiin (-um-:-in)
v. to greet, to welcome, to salute, to
congratulate. Binati namin ang mga
bagong dating. We welcomed the new
arrivals.
b
ating sut Eng n. bathing suit
bating
aw n. bell [syn. kamp
ana ]
b
atis n. stream, creek, spring
bat
o n. stone, kidney
b
atok n. nape (of neck), back of neck
bat
og n. shelled and boiled cork tp
which grated coconut and salt are
added
b
atsoy Ch n. chopped and sauteed
entrails of pig with soup
batubal
ani n. magnet
bat
ugan adj. lazy, indolent
bat
uta Sp n. policemans club,
truncheon
baty
a n. laundry tub, at basin
ba
ul Sp n. clothes chest, trunk, footlocker
b
awal adj. forbidden, prohibited
magbawal,
ibawal,
baw
alan
(mag-:i-:-an) to prohibit, to forbid.
Ibawal mo ang pagsisigarilyo sa loob
ng klase. Prohibit smoking in the
classroom.
b
awang n. garlic
b
awas magbawas, ibawas (mag:i-) v. to lessen, to remove (something) from
bawat pron. each, every, as in
bawat isa, everyone, everybody
b
awi n. recovery from losses, retraction
bumawi, bawiin (-um-:-in) to
recover. Bumawi ka na lang sa
susunod. Just make up for it the
next time.
mambawi (mang-) v. to get
back what was give away, reclaim.
Nambawi si Jose ng mga regalong
ibinigay niya sa akin. Jose took
back the gifts he gave me.
b
aya bay
aan (-an) v. to allow or
tolerate (a situation), to let someone
alone [var. hay
aan]. Bayaan mo siya.
Let him alone.

15

betsin
bay
abas n. guava
b
ayad n. payment, fare
magbayad, bay
aran (mag-:-an) v.
to pay for, to compensate. Magbayad
tayo ng utang. Lets pay the debt.
Bayaran mo ang kinain natin. Pay
for what we have eaten.
bay
ag n. testicle
b
ayan n. town, country, fatherland
bay
ani n. hero
bay
aw n. brother-in-law (term of
reference)
bay
awak n. large lizard
bayb
ay n. seashore
baybay-d
agat n. sea coast
bayb
ayin n. coast
baylarina n.
ballerina,
ballet
dancer, a dancer [var. bailarina]
bay
o magbayo, bayuhin (mag-:in) v. to pound, to crush. Bayuhin
mo ang palay. Pound the unhusked
rice.
bayon
eta n. bayonet
bay
ong n. large bag
bayt
ang n. grade, level, step [var.
beyt
ang]
bayw
ang n. waist [var. bewang]
b
eke n. mumps
b
eking p
awder Eng
n. baking
powder
b
ekon Eng n. bacon
beisbol Eng n. baseball
b
elo Sp n. veil
b
enda Sp n. (surgical) bandage
bendisy
on Sp n. benediction
b
enta Sp n. sales, income from sales
magbenta, ibenta (mag-:i-) to sell.
Ibenta mo ang niluto mong pansit.
Sell the pancit you cooked.
bentilad
or Sp n. ventilating fan,
electric fan
bengg
ansa Sp n. vengeance
ber
anda Sp n. porch, verandah
b
erde adj. green
berd
ugo Sp n. executioner of death
sentence
berib
eri Sp/Eng n. beriberi
bestido n. dress [syn. b
aro ]
beter
ano Sp n. veteran

beynte
b
etsin n. monosodium glutamate,
food seasoning
b
eynte Sp num. twenty
b
eynte-singko Sp num. twenty-ve
bib
ero Sp bib
bibi n. duck
bibig n. mouth
bibingka n. rice cake
bikig n. foreign matter (as shbone)
stuck in the throat
Bikol
ano/a n. a person from the
Bikol region (masculine/feminine)
bida magbida, ibida (mag-:i-) v.
to tell or relate a story or happening.
Ibida mo naman sa amin ang biyahe
mo. Tell us about your trip.
big
as n. rice (husked), uncooked rice
big
at n. weight, heaviness
mabigat (ma-) adj. heavy
big
ay magbigay, ibigay, bigyan
(mag:i-:-an) v. to give. Ibigay mo ang
lapis sa kanya. Give the pencil to
him.
bigk
as n. pronunciation
bigh
ani n. charm, seduction
bigl
a adv. suddenly, immediately
big
o adj. frustrated, disappointed
big
ote n. moustache
bigti magbigti, bigtihin (mag-:in) v. to hang or strangle oneself.
Nagbigti siya sa sama ng loob. He
strangled himself because of sadness.
bihag n. prisoner-of-war
bihag n. prisoner-of-war, captive
bih
asa Sp adj. accustomed, used to
bihilya Sp n. fasting
bihira adv. seldom, rarely
bihis n. the clothes one wears
bihis adj. well-dressed dressed up
magbihis, ibihis, bihisan (mag-:i:-an) v. to change clothes. Bihisan
mo ang bata. Dress the child.
bihon n. rice noodle
biik n. young of a pig, piglet
bil
ad magbilad, ibilad (mag-:i-)
v. to put under the sun, to dry, to expose to the sun. Ibilad mo ang palay.
Spread the palay (under the sun).
bilang n. number, numeral

16

biling
bumilang (-um-) v. to count. Bumilang ka hanggang sampu. Count
up to ten.
magbil
ang, bil
angin (mag-:-in) v.
to count something. Bilangin mo ang
mga sisiw. Count the chickens.
bilangg
o n. prisoner
mabilanggo (ma-) v. to be imprisoned, to be put in jail, to be
jailed. Nabilanggo siya. He was
imprisoned.
ibinilanggo (i-) v. to imprison, to
captivate. Ibinilanggo ang nakapatay. The murderer was imprisoned.
bilangg
uan n. prison [syn. bilibid ]
bil
ao n. winnowing basket (for
removing rice cha)
bil
as n. brother-in-laws wife or
sister-in-laws husband (term of
reference)
bilas
a adj. stale, not fresh
bili bumili, bilhin, bilh
an
(-um-:-in:an) v. to buy, to purchase.
Bumili ng bahay si Gng. Cruz. Mrs.
Cruz bought a house.
magbili, ipagbili (mag-:ipag-) v.
to sell. Ipinagbili nila ang kanilang
lupa at bahay. They sold their house
and lot.
bilibid n. prison [syn. bilangg
uan]
ibilibid (i-) v. to tie around a twine
or cord several times, to bind, to imprison. Ibilibid mo ang lubid sa poste.
Tie the rope around the post.
bilin magbilin, ibilin (mag-:i-)
v. to make a request or order
something. Magbilin ka na ng gusto
mo habang narito pa ako. Order
what you want while Im still here.
biling adj. turned over, bent, inclined
bumiling (-um-) v. to turn around.
Bumiling ka. Turn over.
mabiling (ma-) v. to be turned
aside. Nabiling ang mukha niya
sa lakas ng sampal. His head was
turned aside by the force of the
slap. His face was swung aside by
the force of the slap.

bilog
magbiling,
bilingin,
ibiling
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to turn over, to turn
around. Ibiling mo ang ulo ng bata
sa unan. Turn the head of the child
on the pillow.
bilog n. circle, roundness
mabilog (ma-) adj. round, circular
binat n. relapse
mabinat (ma-) v. to have a relapse.
Nabinat siya sa katratrabaho. He had
a relapse because of overwork.
bin
atin (-in) v. to cause to have a
relapse. Huwag mo siyang binatin.
Dont strain him (or he might have
a relapse).
bilis n. speed
mabilis (ma-) adj. speedy, rapid,
fast, swift
bilis
an (-an) v. to make fast, hurry,
speed up. Bilisan mo ang takbo ng
kotse. Drive the car faster.
bilog n. dimples
bily
ar Sp n. billiard
bimpo Ch n. small face towel
binab
ae adj. hermaphrodite, eeminate [syn. bakl
a ]
bin
ata n. unmarried man, bachelor
binat
og n. steamed or boiled grains
of corn mixed with coconut gratings
and salt
bindisy
on Sp n. benediction
bindita Sp n. holy water
bindit
ado Sp adj. blessed, holy
binhi n. seed (chosen for the nursery)
binibini n. miss, unmarried young
woman
binlid n. rice particles
binta Sp n. small swift sailboat
bint
ana Sp n. window
bint
ang magbintang, ibintang
(mag-:i-) v. to lay the blame on
somebody, to impute, to accuse
somebody. Ibintang mo ang lahat
kay Rosita. Blame everything on
Rosita.
binti n. leg, calf of a leg
biny
ag n. baptism
magbiny
a, binyag
an (mag-:-an)

17

bitay
v. to baptize someone. Nagbinyag
ng mga bata ang pari kahapon.
The priest baptized the children
yesterday.
bingi Ch adj. deaf
bingit n. edge, rim [syn. gilid ]
bingwit n. pole, hook, line and
sinker for shing [var. binwit]
mamingwit (mang-:-in) v. to
sh with a hook, line and sinker.
Mamingwit tayo ng isda bukas.
Lets go shing (with hook, line and
sinker) tomorrow.
biro n. a joke
magbiro, bir
uin (mag-:-in) v.
to tease, to make fun of. Huwag
magbiro sa lasing. Dont make fun
of drunks.
bisa mabisa (ma-) adj. forceful,
eective
bis
agra n. hinge
biskwit n. cookies, crackers, and the
like
bise adj. vice (ax preceding an ofcial rank or title). Bise-presidente.
Vice-president
bisikleta n. bicycle
bisig n. biceps
bisita n. guest, visitor
bumisita, bisit
ahin (-um-:-in) to
pay a visit. Bumisita kami sa ospital. We visited (someone) in the hospital.
bistik Eng n. beefsteak
bisto Sp adj. obvious, discovered
[var. bist
ado]
bisyo Sp n. vice, bad habits
bitag n. snare for birds, based on a
looped twine
bit
aw n. release of hold
bumitaw (-um-) v. to release ones
hold. Huwag kang bumitaw sa renda
ng kabayo. Dont release the reins of
the horse.
bitay magbitay (mag-) v. to
hang oneself by the neck. Magbitay
ka. Hang yourself.
bit
ayin, ibitay (-in, i-) v. to
hang (by the neck). Ibitay mo ang

bitbit
kriminal. (You) hang the criminal.
bitbit magbitbit, bitbitin (mag:-in) v. to carry or hold dangling
from the ngers or the hand. Bitbitin mo nga ang mga daeng. Carry
the dried sh.
bitin n. dangling prizes and favors
bitin adj. hanging, suspended
bumitin (-um-) v. to hang. Bumitin
si Rogelio sa punong kahoy. Rogelio
dangled from the tree.
magbitin, ibitin (mag-:i-) v. to
hang something. Ibitin mo ang mga
daeng. Hang the dried sh.
bitiw bumitiw (-um-) v. to
release ones hold or grip [var.
bumit
aw ]. Bumitiw siya ss aking
pagkakahawak. He released himself
from my grip.
magbitiw, bitiwan (mag-:-an) v.
to resign, to let go [var. magbit
aw,
bit
awan]. Nagbitiw ang kalihim sa
kanyang katungkulan. The secretary
resigned from his job.
bits Eng n. beets
bitsin Ch n. avoring powder, seasoning [var. betsin]
bit
uka n. intestine
bituin n. star
biy
ak magbiyak, biyakin (mag:-in) v. to cleave; to split, to break
in two, halve. Biyakin mo nga ang
niyog. (You) cleave the coconut
open.
biy
ahe n. trip, journey
biyah
ero Sp n. voyager, traveller
biy
as n. ank, internode
biy
aya n. favor, grace, mercy
biyen
an n. mother-in-law or fatherin-law (term of reference for parentsin-law) [var. biyan
an]
Biy
ernes Sp n. Friday
Biy
ernes S
anto Sp n. Good Friday
biyolin n. violin
biyolinista Sp n. violinist
biy
udo/ a Sp n. widow / widower
bl
angko Sp adj. nothing, blank
bl
usa Sp n. blouse
b
obo Sp adj. dumb, stupid, dull

18

buk
aka
bokabul
aryo Sp n. vocabulary
b
oksing Eng n. boxing
b
odabil Fr n. vaudeville
bod
ega Sa n. storeroom, warehouse
b
ola Sp n. ball
mambola, bol
ahin (mang-:-in) v.
to atter, to jest, to put someone on.
Nambola siya ng husto. He attered
(someone) a lot.
b
oling Eng magboling v. to bowl
(sport)
b
olpen Eng n. ball point
bolunt
aryo n. volunteer, peace
corps volunteer
b
omba Sp n. pump
Bomb
ay n. Indian (native of India)
bomb
ero Sp n. reman
bombilya Sp n. electric light bulb
b
oses Sp n. voice [syn. tinig]
b
ota Sp n. boots, rainboots
b
ote Sp n. bottle [syn. botelya]
botika n. drugstore, pharmacy [syn.
parm
asya]
b
oto Sp n. vote
bumoto (-um-) v. to vote. Bumoto
tayo sa darating na halalan. Lets
vote in the coming elections.
iboto (i-) v. to vote for someone.
Iboto natin ang mabuting kandidato.
Lets vote for the good candidate.
bra Eng n. bra [var. brasiyer ]
bras Eng n. brush. Bras sa buhok.
Hairbrush.
brasiy
er Fr n. bra
br
aso Sp n. arm
brily
ante Sp n. diamond
br
otsa Sp n. painters brush (large)
br
uha n. witch, old hag
bub
ong n. roof
bub
ot adj. unripe, immature
bub
uyog n. bumble-bee
buk
a adj. open
bumuka (-um-) v. Bumuka na ang
buko. The bud opened.
ibuka (i-) v. Ibuka mo ang bibig mo.
Open your mouth.
buk
aka nakabukaka (naka-)
adj. wide apart (as legs when
standing with feet wide apart) [syn.

buk
ana
bikak
a ]
buk
ana n. front, threshold
buk
ang-bibig n. favorite expression; favorite topic of conversation
[var. buk
ambibig]
buk
ang-liwayw
ay n.
break
of
dawn, dawn [syn. madaling-
araw ]
b
ukas adv. tomorrow
buk
as bumukas (-um-) v. to be
opened. Bumukas ang pinto sa lakas
ng hangin. The door was opened because of the strong wind.
magbukas, ibukas, buks
an (mag:i-, -an) v. to open something. Buksan mo ang bintana. Open the window.
buk
ayo n. grated coconut cooked
with sugar
bukb
ok Ch n. bow weevil, wood
borer, wood tick, decay (teeth)
b
ukid n. eld, farm, rice eld
bukl
at magbuklat, buklatin,
ibuklat (mag-:-in, i-) v. to open
a book or a magazine, to turn the
pages of a reading material. Buklatin
ninyo ang aklat. Open the book.
b
uko n. bud, young coconut
buk
od bumukod (-um-) v. to separate from, to segregate. Bumukod
na siya sa amin. He separated himself from us.
magbukod, ibukod (mag-:i-) v. to
set apart, to exclude, to set aside.
Ibukod mo ang para kay Dadong. Set
aside what is for Dadong.
buk
od conj. besides, in addition to.
bukod sa asawa niya... besides his
wife...
b
ukol n. tumor, swelling
bukungb
ukong n. ankle
budb
od magbudbod, ibudbod
(mag-:i-) v. to sprinkle, to scatter,
to sow. Magbudbod ka ng palay sa
manok. Scatter palay for the chickens.
budhi n. conscience
bu
ena m
ano Sp n. rst customer of
the day who is believed to bring good
luck in business (lit.:Sp. good hand)

19

bul
a
bu
eno Sp part. if that is so, in that
case, well then
bug
a bumuga, bugahin (-um:-in) v. to spit or blow some liquid
from the mouth. Binuga niya ang
mainit na kape. He spat out the hot
coee.
magbuga, ibuga (mag-:i-) v. to
force out of the mouth by a sudden
blow. Ibuga mo ang tubig. Spit out
the water.
bugambilya n. bougainvilla
bugb
og adj. bruised, squashed (of
fruits, vegetables)
mambugbog, bugbugin (mang-:in) v. to club or pound, to beat up.
Binugbog siya ng kanyang kaaway.
He was beaten up by his enemies.
bugh
aw adj. blue
bugn
ot n. exasperation
bug
ok adj. putrid, rotten
bugt
ong n. riddle
bugt
ong adj. one and only (child)
buhagh
ag adj. spongy, loose (not
adhesive)
buh
angin n. sand
b
uhat bumuhat, buh
atin (-um:-in) v. to lift, to carry
b
uhat conj. eversince [var. magbuhat]. Buhat nang nag-asawa siya,
naging matipid siya. Eversince she
got married, she became frugal.
b
uhay n. life
buh
ay adj. alive
b
uhay-may
aman n. rich life, an
easy-going, auent life
buh
awi n. cyclone, tornado
buh
ok n. hair
buh
ol magbuhol, ibuhol (mag:i-) v. to make a knot, to tie securely.
Ibuhol mo ang lubid. Make a knot
with the rope.
b
uhos bumuhos (-um-) v. to
pour. Bumuhos ang malakas na
ulan. The heavy rain poured.
magbuhos, ibuhos (mag-:i-) v.
to pour something. Ibuhos mo ang
tubig sa ulo niya. Pour the water on
his head.

b
ulak
bul
a n. foam, bubbles
b
ulak n. cotton
bulakb
ol adj. truant, vagabond,
jobless
bulakl
ak n. ower
mamulakl
ak (mang-) v. to bloom.
Namulaklak ang mga halaman sa
hardin. The plants bloomed in the
garden.
bulal
akaw n. shooting star, meteor
bul
ag adj. blind
bulast
og adj. (sl) mean, rude,
boastful, rash
bul
ati n. earthworm [var. bul
ate]
bulb
ol n. pubic hair
bulk
an n. volcano
bulg
ar Sp adj. vulgar, coarse
b
ulik adj. white and black (feather
of roosters)
bulid mabulid (ma-) v. to fall o
or down
bulig n. medium-sized mudsh
bulilit adj. dwarsh, small
bul
ok adj. decayed, spoiled, rotten
bul
ong bumulong (-um-) v. to
whisper, to mumble. Bumulong siya
sa akin. He whispered to me.
magbulong, ibulong (mag-:i-) v.
to whisper something. Ibulong mo
sa kanya ang sinabi ko. Whisper to
him what I said.
buls
a n. pocket
b
ulto n. volume
bulunt
aryo Sp n. volunteer [var.
bolunt
aryo]
bul
utong n. smallpox
buly
aw n. loud or shouted rebuke or
reproach, angry and sudden shout to
drive away fouls and animals
bulyaw
an (-an) to shout at, to rebuke or reproach. Bulyawan mo ang
mga maingay na bata. Shout at the
noisy children.
bumb
unan n. crown or top of head,
specially of babies when still soft
bund
at adj. glutted, full (so well-fed
that the abdomen is distended)
bund
ok n. mountain
b
uni n. ringworm

20

bungg
o
bun
o magbuno (mag-) v. to
wrestle with each other. Nagbuno
sila. They wrestled with each other.
mambuno, bunuin (mang-:-in)
v. to wrestle. Bunuin mo nga siya.
Wrestle with him.
bun
ot n. coconut husk
b
unot bumunot, bun
utin (-um:-in) v. to pull out, to uproot, to extract. Bunutin mo ang damo. Pull
out the grass.
magbunot, bun
utin (mag:-in) v.
to pull out something (a gun). Nagbunot siya ng baril. He pulled out a
gun.
buns
o n. youngest in the family
(term of reference)
bunt
al mambuntal, buntalin
(mang-:-in) v. to give a blow, to
knock with sts. Binuntal ng butangero ang matanda. The gangster
gave the old man a blow.
buntis adj. pregnant
bunt
ot n. tail
bunt
on n. heap, pile
bumunton (-um-) v. to pile up, to
crowd in. Bumunton ang basura sa
bangketa. The garbage piled up on
the sidewalk.
magbunton, ibunton (mag-: i-) v.
to put into a pile, to put in a heap or
mound. Ibunton mo ang maruming
damit sa batya. Pile the dirty clothes
on the wash basin.
b
unga n. fruit, betel nut palm
b
ungad n. front [syn. harap
an,
buk
ana]
b
ungang-
araw n. prickly heat
bung
anga ng bulk
an n.
(volcano) crater
bungk
al magbungkal, bungkalin
(mag-:-in) v. to till the soil, to dig
out
bungk
os n. bundle, package
bungg
o n. impact
bumunggo (-um-) v. to hit, to
bump with something. Bumunggo
ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit
the wall.

b
ungi
m
abunggo (ma-) v. to hit or
bump against accidentally, to make
an impact. Nabunggo ang kotse sa
pader. The car hit the wall.
magbunggo, ibunggo (mag-:i-)
v. to ram an object against something, to bump against something.
Ibunggo mo ang ulo niya sa pader.
Ram his head against the wall.
bungguin (mang-:-in) v. to hit or
bump against. Bungguin mo ang
pader. (You) ram against the wall.
b
ungi n. jag, dent, notch, nick
bungi adj. toothless, missing
tooth
nab
ungi, mab
ungi (ma-) v.
Nabungi siya. He lost his tooth.
bungisngis n. one who giggles a lot
bung
o n. skull
bu
o adj. entire, complete, whole
bur
a magbura, burahin (mag-:in) v. to erase, to remove traces of.
Burahin mo ang mga maling sagot.
Erase the wrong answers.
burd
a n. embroidery
burd
ado adj. embroidered
magburda, burdah
an (mag-:-an)
v. to embroider. Burdahan mo ang
punda ng unan. Embroider the pillowcase.
b
uri n. a kind of palm tree
b
uro n. pickles (usually green mangoes) adj. preserved in salt, picled
or salted
magburo, buruhin, iburo (mag:-in, i-) v. to pickle, to salt. Binuro
niya ang manggang hilaw. He pickled
the green/unripe mangoes.
bur
ol n. hill
bus n. bus
bus
abos n. lowly slave
b
usal n. corncob
bus
al n. muzzle
busl
o n. a kind of basket
bus
og adj. full, satiated
mabus
og (ma-) v. to be full, satised, satiated (from eating). Nabusog
ako sa dami nang inihanda mo. I was
full because you served a lot of food.

21

buy
o
butang
ero/a n. gangster, ruan
(male/female)
b
utas n. hole
but
ete n. tadpole
b
uti n. goodness
mabuti (ma-) adj. ne, good
butiki n. lizard
b
util n. grain, cereal, kernel
butlig n. little cyst-like growth on
the skin
but
o n. seed, bone
but
ones n. buttons
buts
e n. crop of a chicken
buw
al bumuwal (-um-) v. to fall
down, to drop down
mabuwal (ma-) v. to fall at on
the ground, to pass out. Nabuwal
ang puno. The tree fell.
magbuwal, ibinuwal (mag-:i-) v.
to cut down, to push down. Ibinuwal
niya ang puno. He felled the tree.
buw
an n. month, moon
buw
aya n. crocodile
buw
elta bumuw
elta (-um-) v. to
turn around, to go back, to return.
Bumuelta siya pagdating sa kanto.
He turned back when he reached
the corner.
ibuw
elta (i-) v. to turn a vehicle
around, to go back. Ibuwelta mo na
ang kotse. Turn the car around.
buwig n. bunch or cluster of
bananas (fruits)
buwis n. tax, as on land
buwisit Ch adj. 1 jinx, ill-omened 2
annoying, vexing [syn. m
alas]
buy
o mambuyo,
magbuyo,
ibuyo (mang-, mag-:i-) v. to incite,
to induce, to stimulate. Huwag mo
siyang ibuyo sa away. Dont incite
him to quarrel.

ka

22

K
ka pron. you (sing.), second person
(sing.), belongs to the ang pronoun
set)
ka- a. (+ reduplication of the rst
consonant and vowel of the verb
root) means a recently completed
action
K
a adj. appellation for elders and
distant uncles or aunts, as Ka Pedro
or Ka Juana, from kapatid meaning
sibling
ka
anib n. partner (from a
nib)
k
aarawan n. birthday (
araw)
ka
away n. enemy, opponent (from
away)

kabab
aan n. lowland (from bab
a)
kabab
ayan n. townmate (from
b
ayan) [var. kab
ayan]
k
abag n. gas pain
kab
an n. measure of palay, a sack, a
cavan
kab
aong n. con
k
abaret Eng n. cabaret, dance hall
kab
ayo Sp n. horse
kabes
era Sp n. the head of a table
(at meal time) [var. kabisera]
kabibi n. empty clam shell
k
abig kumabig, kabigin (-um:-in) v. to draw or pull towards
ones self, to collect the winnings
in gambling, to gather in. Kumabig
siya ng malaki. He gathered in a big
share.
mangkabig, kabigin (mang-:-in)
v. Kabigin mo ang pinanalunan mo.
Get your winnings.
kabihasn
an n.
culture
(from
bih
asa)
kabil
a adv. otherside
k
abinet Eng n. cabinet, dresser
kabisa Sp n. memorization
mangabisa, kabis
ahin (mang-:-in)
v. to memorize. Kabisahin mo ang
tula. Memorize the poem.
kabis
ado Sp
adj.
memorized,
learned by rote

kahalili
kabis
ote Sp adj. dull headed
kabutihan n. goodness (b
uti)
kabit kumabit (-um-) v. to
fasten, attach, connect, to cling to.
Kumabit sa kaniya ang linta. The
leech clung on to him.
mag-kabit, ikabit (mag-:i-) v. to
fasten, link, join, connect something
to something. Ikabit mo ang kandado sa pinto. Put the padlock on
the door.
kabulastug
an n. blu, boastfulness
(bulast
og)
kabuti n. mushroom
kakanin n. tidbits, dainties, sweetmeats, snacks (from k
ain)
kak
aw n. cocoa
k
aki Sp n/adj. khaki (a kind of
brown cloth specially used for
military uniforms)
kakil
ala n.
acquaintance
(from
kil
ala)
kaeskuw
ela n. classmate (from eskuwela)
kadal
asan (ka:-an)
adv.
often,
usually (from dal
as). Kadalasan ay
hindi siya nag-aalmusal. He does
not have breakfast often.
kad
ena Sp n. chain [syn. tanikal
a ]
kad
ena de am
or n. chain of love,
Mexican creeper
kad
ete Sp cadet
kagabi adv. last night (from gabi)
kagalit n. one with whom a person
has quarreled, an enemy (fromgalit)
kagamp
an adj. in the last month of
pregnancy, maturity of pregnancy
(from gan
ap)
kag
at Mal n. bite
kumagat, kagatin (-um-:-in) v. to
bite. Kumagat siya sa aking bayabas.
She took a bite o my guava.
mangagat, kagatin (mang-:-in) v.
to bite. Nangangagat ang aso nila.
Their dog bites.
k
agaw n. germs, bacteria
kagitn
a n. half-pint (from gitn
a)
k
aha Sp n/qnt. a pack, usually of
cigarettes, a case

kah
apon
kahalili n. successor, substitute
(from halili)
kah
apon adv.
yesterday
(from
h
apon)
kah
ati n. shareholder, share (from
h
ati)
kah
awig adj.
similar,
resemble
(hawig)
kah
el n. a citrus tree of the sweet orange variety, producing fruit that is
usually sweet but occasionally sour
[syn. daland
an]
kah
era/o Sp n. cashier (feminine/
masculine)
k
ahig n. scratching o a loose
surface, as soil scratched o by
chickens
kumahig, kahigin (-um- :in) v.
Kumahin ng lupa ang manok. The
chicken scratched the ground. Kahigin mo ang mga dahong nahulog sa
lupa. Rake the leaves o the ground.
k
ahit ( + na) conj. although, even
if, in spite of
kah
ol n. bark of a dog [var. tah
ol ]
kah
on Sp n/qnt. box, crate, drawer
of a table
k
ahoy n. wood, lumber, tree
kahulug
an n. meaning, signicance
kaibigan n. friend (from ibig)
kail
a mag-kaila, ikaila (mag-:i) v. to deny, to profess ignorance of.
Ikinaila niya ang nangyari. He denied what happened.
kail
an int. when [var. kayl
an, kel
an].
Kailan ang kasal? When is the wedding?. Kaylan man... At any time...
kail
angan pv. need, ought, must,
necessary, indispensable
k
ain pagkain (pag-) n. food, act
of eating
kumain, kainin (-um-:-in) v. to
eat. Kumain siya nang marami. She
ate a lot.
mangain (mang-) v. to eat. Nangain ng tao ang leon. The lion ate
the people.
kaingin n. slash and burn agriculture

23

kalesa
kalab
asa n. pumpkin, squash
kalab
aw n. carabao
kalabit n. touching with the tip of
the nger
mangalabit, kalabitin (mang-:-in)
v. Huwag kang mangalabit ng tao.
Dont touch the person.
kalab
og n. crashing sound of a fallen
body
kalab
os Sp n. prison, jail
ikalabos (i-) v. imprison. Ikinalabos
siya ng pulis. The police imprisoned
him.
kal
akal n. merchandise, goods
kal
ag adj. untied, loosened
kalag
uyo n.
intimate
friend,
paramour, concubine (from lag
uyo)
kalah
ati adj. half (from h
ati)
kal
ahi adj. of the same race (from
l
ahi)
kalamansi n. small citrus fruit
kal
ambre Sp n. cramp
kal
an n. stove
kalans
ay n. skeleton
k
alang sp n. wedge
kalap
ati n. dove, pigeon
kal
as adj. unstitched, untied, disconnected, detached
kumalas (-um-) v. to break away
from, to untie, to unstitch. Kumalas
siya sa kaniyang barkada. He broke
away from his gang.
mag-kalas, kalasin (mag-:-in) v.
to rip apart, to detach, to disconnect, to untie, to unstitch. Kalasin
mo ang aking tinahi. Rip apart what
I sewed.
k
alat n. litter, things left scattered
about
mag-kal
at (mag-) v. to spread out.
Nag-kalat siya ng tsismis. She/He
spread the gossip.
kalats
utsi n. plumeria (frangipani)
k
alaw n. hornbill (bird)
kal
awang n. rust
kal
awit n. hook
kalayk
ay n. rake
kalb
o n. bald, hairless
kald
ero n. kettle

kalikot
kal
esa n. horse-drawn rig of chaise,
a two-wheeled vehicle drawn by a
horse
kalikot n. a slender tuba with a poking rod with which to crush and mix
kalik
utin (-in) v. to poke and stir or
poke and scrape into a hole. Huwag
mong kalikutin ang ilong mo. Dont
poke your nger in your nose.
kaligiran n. environment, surroundings (from ligid)
kalihim n. secretary (from lihim)
[syn. sekretarya]
kalind
aryo Sp n. calendar
kalingkingan n. little nger
kaliskis n. sh scales
kaliw
a adj. left, left side
kaliw
ete adj. left-handed
k
alma adj. calm, quiet
kal
og kumalog (-um-) v. to
rattle, to shake. Kumalog ang bola
sa kahon. The ball rattled around
in the box.
mangalog, kalugin, ikalog (mag:-in, i-) v. to shake or rattle the
contents of a box or bottle. Huwag
mong kalugin ang itlog sa kahon.
Dont shake the eggs around in the
box.
k
along kumalong (-um-) v. to
sit on ones lap. Kumalong ang bata
sa kandungan ng nanay niya. The
child sat on his mothers lap.
mangalong, kal
ungin, ikalong
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to hold on ones lap,
to take someone, something on your
lap. Kalungin mo ang bata. Take
the child on your lap.
kalsonsilyo Sp n. briefs, undershorts [var. karsonsilyo]
k
aluluwa n. spirit, soul
k
alye Sp n. road, street [syn. da
an,
kals
ada]
k
alyo n. corn (feet)
k
ama n. bed
kamakalawa adv. day before yesterday (from dalaw
a)
kamag-
anak n. relative (term of reference)

24

kamp
on
kamag
ong n. mahogany
kam
alig n. warehouse, granary
kamand
ag n. poison
kamat
ayan n. death (from pat
ay)
kam
atis n. tomatoes
kamatsil
e n. guamachile
kam
ay n. hand
kamb
al n. twin (term of reference)
kambing n. goat
kami n. we (exclusive, I and others)
kamin
ero Sp n. street cleaner
kamisad
entro Sp n. long-sleeved
shirt
kamisatsino Sp n. outside shirt that
is closed-necked, and without collar
and lapel
kamis
eta n. undershirt
kamis
ola Sp n. ladys shirt dress
[syn. bestido]
kamis
on n. chemise
kamit
magkamit,
kamitin
(mag-:-in) v. to obtain, to gain, to
get an award. Nagkamin siya ng
malaking gantimpala. He obtained a
large award.
k
amot kumamot,
kam
utin
(-um-:-in) v. to scratch (ones self).
Kumamot na lang siya ng ulo. He
just scratched his head. Kinamot
na lang niya ang ulo niya. All he
could do was scratch his head (in
exasperation).
magkam
ot (mag-) v. to scratch
(repeatedly). Nagkamot siya ng ulo.
He scratched his head.
mangamot (mang-) v. to scratch
somebody. Nangamot ang pusa ng
tao. The cat scratched the people.
kam
ote n. sweet potato, yam
kam
oteng-k
ahoy n. cassava or
tapioca plant
kamp
ana Sp n. bell
kamp
anya Sp n. campaign
kampe
on Sp n. champion
kampi kumampi, kampih
an (um-:-an) v. to take sides. Kumampi
siya sa akin. She took my side (pertaining to an argument).
k
ampo Sp n. camp, eld

k
amya
kamp
on n. disciple, follower
k
amya n. white/yellow ginger or
ginger lily
kan
al n. canal
k
anan adj. right (side)
kand
ong adj. held on the lap
kand
ungan n. lap
kan
aryo Sp n. canary
kand
ado n. padlock, lock
kandid
ato Sp n. candidate
kandila Sp n. candle
kand
uli n. salt water catsh
kan
ela n. cinnamon
kanil
a pron. (sa-pronoun) their,
theirs
k
anin n. cooked rice (boiled),
steamed rice
kanina adv. a little while ago, earlier. Sinabi ko na po sa inyo kanina
na... I just told you a little while ago
that...
kanino int. whose
kanit
a pron. (sa-dual pronoun)
yours and mine, of the two of us; for
the two of us
kaniy
a pron. (sa- pronoun) his, her,
hers, for him/her [syn. kat
a/kit
a]
kaniy
a conj. therefore, as a result,
consequently [var. kanya, kaya ].
Kaniya siya umalis... The reason he
left...
kanl
ong kumanlong (-um-) v.
to hide from view, to take shelter
or cover. Kumanlong siya sa ilalim
ng puno. He took shelter under the
tree.
magkanlong, ikanlong (mag-:i-)
v. to hide something from view.
Ikinanlong niya ang binilad sa
silong. He brought in from under
the house the clothes that he had
been hanging to dry.
kanl
uran n. western, west, occidental
kant
a n. song [syn.
awit, awitin]
umawit, awitin (-um-:-in) v. to
sing. Awitin mo ang bagong kanta.
Sing the new song.
kant
ero Sp n. mason

25

kapit
an/a del b
aryo
kantina Sp n. snack bar, metal ask
for carrying liquids
k
anto Sp n. street corner
kany
on Sp n. cannon
kangk
ong n.
swamp-cabbage,
watercress
k
aong n. palm (cabo negro)
kap
a kumapa v. to grope, to
feel about
mangkapa, kapain (mang-:-in)
v. to grope for something, to feel
about for something. Nangapa siya
sa dilim. He groped in the dark.
kap
ag conj/adv. (single events
viewed as completed in the future)
if, when, in case, whenever [var.
pag, paka, kapagka, pagka]. Kapag
ginawa mo iyan... If you do that...
kap
al n. thickness
makapal (ma-) adj. thick
kapal
aran n. luck, forture, fate
(from p
alad)
kapangan
akan n. birthday (from
an
ak)
kapangyarihan n. power, authority
kapat
as n. foreman
kapatid n. brother or sister, sibling
(term of reference)
kapk
ap kapkap
an (-an) v. to feel
or frisk (the pockets). Kinapkapan
siya ng pulis. The policeman frisked
him.
kap
e Sp n. coee adj. brown or tan
(color)
kapetirya Sp n. cafeteria
k
apit kum
apit, kapitan (-um-:an) v. to hold, to grasp. Kumapit
siya sa akin. He held onto me.
ik
apit (i-) v. to attach to, to
connect to, to anchor. Ikapit mo ang
kamay mo sa balikat ng bata. Put
your hand on the childs shoulder.
magk
apit (mag-) v. to hold onto
each other, to join hands. Magkapit
kayo at baka kayo mahulog. Hold
onto each others hands because you
might fall.
kapit
an/a Sp n (masculine/ feminine). captain

kapitalista
kapit
an/a del b
aryo n (masculine/ feminine). captain, head of
the barrio
kapitalista Sp n. capitalist
k
apit-b
ahay n. neighbor, next-door
neighbor
kapit
era Sp n. coee pot
k
apok n. kapok, cotton tree
kap
on Sp adj. castrated, gelded
kap
os adj. insucient, lacking,
wanting
kap
ote n. raincoat
kapritso Sp n. caprice, whim, fancy
k
apwa pron. kindred, both, fellowbeings, equally (applied to one of
a pair). Kapwa sila magnanakaw.
They are fellow thieves. Kapwa sila
malakas. They are equally strong.
karamd
aman n. ailment, sickness
(from damd
am) [syn. sakit]
karang
alan n. honor (from dang
al)
[syn. p
uri]
karaniwan adj. ordinary, common,
usual
karapat
an n. rights and privileges
kar
ayom n. needle
karb
on n. coal
karb
uro Sp n. carbide
k
ardinal n. cardinal
kar
era Sp n. race, racing, career,
profession
karet
ela n. two-wheeled cartlike
horsedrawn
passenger-and-freight
vehicle
karg
a Sp n. load, burden, freight
adj. carried, loaded
kargad
or n. porter, baggage carrier,
stevedor
karihan n. local restaurant
karinderia n. small store where
food is served
k
arit n. sickle, scythe
karit
on n. cart
karnab
al n. carnival, fair
karn
e n. meat
k
arne n
orte n. corned beef (usually
canned)
k
arot n. carrot
karpent
ero n. carpenter

26

katawan
kartamun
eda n. purse [var. portamoneda]
kart
ero n. mailman, postman
kartolina n. cardboard, bristol
board
kart
on Sp n. pasteboard, binders
board
kasab
ay adv. together, at the same
time, simultaneously (from sab
ay)
kas
al n. wedding
kasal
anan n. fault, sin (from s
ala)
kasaluk
uyan adv. at the present
time
kas
ama n. a companion, tenant,
farm help (from s
ama)
magkasama (mag-) adj. being
together adv. in company with,
along with
kasangk
apan n. household belongings, tools, furniture, equipment
(from sangk
ap)
kas
api n. member (from s
api)
kask
o Sp n. long river boat with
sheltering roongs at either end,
navigated by pushing with long
poles
kas
ero/a n. landlord, landlady
kaser
ola n. casserole, pan
kasi conj. because
kasilyas n. toilet, restroom or comfort room
kasint
ahan n.
sweetheart,
ance/ancee
k
asiya adj. sucient, enough, adequate, t
k
aso Sp n. case in court, disagreement
kast
anyas n. chestnuts
kas
uy n. cashew nuts
kat
a pron. the two of us
k
atad n. animal skin, leather
kat
am n. carpenters planer
katangian n. characteristic (from
t
angi)
katapus
an n. end, conclusion (from
t
apos)
katar
ungan n. justice, equity (from
tar
ong)
kat
as n. sap, juice

k
atay
kataw
an n. body
k
atay kumatay,
magkatay,
kat
ayin (-um-:mag-:-in) v. to
butcher, to cut into slices, especially
meat, to slaughter. Kinatay ng
matadero ang baka. The butcher
butchered the cow.
k
ati n. lowtide
kati makati (ma-) adj. itchy,
scratchy
kat
ok n. sharp knock or rap [syn.
tukt
ok ]
katolik
o n. Roman Catholic
katotoh
anan n. truth (from toto
o)
k
atre n. bed
kat
ulong n. helper, maid, houseboy
(from t
ulong)
katungk
ulan n. occupation, oce,
ocial designation (from tungk
ol)
katuwiran n. reason (from tuwid)
k
aunti adj. little, few
ka
usap n. person with whom one is
conversing (from u
sap)
kaus
apin (-in) v. to talk with
k
awa n. big kettle
kaw
ag n. movement of hands and/or
feet, specially when swimming or
drowning, also movement of wings
k
awal n. soldier
kaw
ali n. frying pan
kaw
awa adj. pitiful
kaw
ay kumaway,
kaway
an
(-um-:-an) v. to wave with the
hand. Kumaway siya sa akin bago
umalis. He waved at me before he
left.
kaw
ayan n. bamboo
k
awit n. hook
kumawit (-um-) v. to get hooked.
Kumawit ang pantalon niya sa pako.
He caught his trousers on the nail.
makawit (ma-) v. to get hooked accidentally. Nakawit ang bagong pantalon niya ng pako. His new pair of
pants was caught by a nail.
magkawit, kawitin, ikawit (mag:-in:i-) v. to hook something. Ikawit
mo ang alambre sa pako. Hook the
wire on the nail.

27

kikel
kay part. singular sa proper noun
marker, also marks possession, the
pluralform is kina, to, from, for
kays
a conj. than, more than.
Matamis kaysa asukal. Sweeter than
sugar.
k
aya n. competence, ability
kay
a conj. perhaps, maybe, so,
thats why, therefore. Kaya ako
naparito... I have come here so
that.... Kaya siya... Thats why...
mod. perchance, perhaps, might,
expresses doubt or possibility of
choice). Ano kaya ang iniutos mo
sa kanya? What perchance did you
order him to do?. Baka kaya nawala
siya. He might have gotten lost.
k
ayag mangkayag,
kay
agin
(mang-:-in) v. to invite, to induce
[var. y
akag]. Kayagin mo ang ibig
sumama. Invite the ones that want
to come along.
kayam
anan n. wealth, richness
kayimito n.
star-apple
[var.
kaymito]
kay
o pron. you (plural)
k
ayod
kumayod,
kay
urin,
magkayod (-um-:-in; mag-) v. to
scrape, to grate. Kumayod kami ng
niyog. We scraped the coconut.
magkayod, kay
udin (mag-:-in).
Kayurin mo ang niyog. Grate the
coconut.
kayumanggi adj. brown (race, complexion, color)
kayur
an n. grater
k
endi n. candy
kerida Sp n. paramour, mistress
[syn. bab
ai, bab
ae]
k
erot n. carrot
k
eso n. cheese
k
etong Ch n. leprosy
k
etsap n. ketsup
kib
o kumibo (-um-) v. to talk,
to move, to stir. Kumibo ka naman
diyan. Say something.
kibuin (-in) v. to break the silence
with someone by talking
kib
ot n. throb, pulsation

kidl
at
kikel n. carpenters le [syn. kikil ]
kidl
at n. lightning
kumidlat (-um-) v. to ash as of
lightning. Kumidlat kagabi. There
was lightning last night.
kil
abot n. goose-pimples, gooseesh
kilal
a adj. famous, well-known,
acquainted with one another
(magkakil
ala)
magkakil
ala, makil
ala (mag-:ma) v. to happen to know, to happen
to meet, to become acquainted
kilay n. eyebrow
kilik kumilik, magkilik, kilikin
(-um-:mag-:-in) v. to carry against
the hips. Kilikin mo ang bata. Carry
the child on your hip.
kilikili n. armpit
kilig mangkilig, kiligin (mang-:in) v. to shudder, to shiver, to chill.
Kinilig siya sa ginaw. She shivered
with cold.
kiling n. inclination towards a side
adj. inclined towards a side
kiliti n. ticklish feeling, tickle
kilo n/quan. kilogram
kimiko n. chemical
kin
a part. plural sa-proper noun
marker, for
kinakapatid n. godbrother or sister
kin
ang makinang (ma-) adj. glittering
kind
at n. wink (of the eye)
kinig makinig (ma-) v. to listen.
Makikinig ako ng program sa radyo
bukas. Ill listen to the radio program
tomorrow.
kinina Sp n. quinine
kinis makinis (ma-) adj. smooth,
ne
kinse num. fteen
kint
ab makintab adj. shiny
kints
ay n. Chinese celery (kinchay)
kinse num. fteen
kipkip magkipkip, kipkipin
(mag-:-in) v. to carry under the
armpit, to carry with the arm
pressed against the body. Kipkipin
mong mabuti ang bag mo. Hold the

28

kolehiyo
bag tightly under your arm.
kipot makipot (ma-) adj. narrow, tight
magkipot, kip
utan (mag-:-an) v.
to make tighter. Kiputan mo ang
tabas ng pantalon. Tighten the cut
of the trousers.
kiri Ch adj. coquettish, irtatious
kir
ot n. stinging pain
kisam
e n. ceiling
kiskis kumiskis (-um-) v. to rub
against a surface. Kumiskis ang
magaspang na tela sa balat niya.
The rough cloth rubbed on his skin.
magkiskis, ikiskis (mag-:i-) v. to
rub something against a surface.
Ikiskis mo ang kutsilyo sa bato. Rub
the knife against the stone.
kisig makisig (ma-) adj. handsome/dashing, elegant, well-dressed
(man)
kisl
ap n. sparkle
kita n. earnings, salary, wage
kumita, kit
ain (-um-:-in) v. to
earn. Kumita siya ng malaki sa
kompanya. He earned a lot at the
company.
kita magkita (mag-) v. to meet, to
see each other, to nd. Nagkita sila
sa sine. They saw each other at the
movie.
kitikiti n. mosquito larva
kitid makitid (ma-) adj. narrow
kli
ente Sp n. client
kl
ase n. class, kind
kl
erk n. clerk
klima n. climate, weather [syn.
panah
on]
klinika n. clinic
ko pron. I, my, mine
kobrad
or n. bill collector
k
odig
o Sp n. codes of laws of rules,
(sl) notes hidden by students during
examinations
kolekt
a mangkolekta, kolektahin (mang-:-in) v. to collect
something, to gather. Nangolekta
siya ng abuloy para sa patay. He
collected contributions for the dead.

kolorete

29

kul
og

kol
ehiyo n. college
kolor
ete Sp n. rouge
koly
ar Sp n. collar, especially for animals
kom
adre Sp n. lady sponsor in baptism, conrmation or matrimony of
ones child [var. kum
adre]
komadr
ona Sp n. midwife [syn.
hilot]
komb
ento n. convent, rectory
kom
eta n. comet
k
omika adj. comical
k
omiks n. comics
komp
adre Sp n. male sponsor in
baptism, conrmation or matrimony
of ones child [syn. kump
adre]
kompiy
ansa Sp
n.
condence,
reliance, courage, rmness of
opinion
kompl
eto Sp adj. complete
kondokt
or/a n. conductor of a public vehicle (male/female)
kond
ol n. wax gourd
konseh
al/a n. councilor (male/female)
kontribusy
on n. contribution
kongkr
eto adj. concrete, made of
cement
k
opya n. a copy
kopyahin (-in) v. to copy. Kopyahin
mo ang leksyon sa pisara. Copy the
lesson on the board.
Koreano/a n. Korean (male/female)
k
oro n. chorus, choir
kor
ona n. crown
koronasy
on n. a program or ball
where a beauty queen is crowned
k
orse n. girdle, corset
k
orte Sp n. shape [syn. h
ugis]
k
orto n. short pants
kost
umbre Sp n. custom, habit,
tradition [syn. ug
ali ]
k
otse n. car, automobile [syn.
awto]
k
otso Sp n. thick-soled ladys slippers
kray
ola n. crayons
kr
ema n. crean
krim n. cream
krimen Sp n. crime
krimin
al Sp n. criminal

kr
udo n. oil
krus Sp n. cross [var. kur
us]
k
uba n. hunchback
kub
abaw n. astride over the top
kub
eta Sp n. pail (to receive refuse),
toilet [syn. kasilyas]
kubli adj. hidden, away from prying
eyes
k
ubo n. hut
kubrad
or Sp n. bill collector
kubrek
ama Sp n. bedspread
kuby
ertos Sp n. table-silver (spoon,
fork, knife), a meal, as a unit or order
in a restaurant, dierent from short
orders
kuk
o n. ngernail
kudk
od adj. (kinudk
od) grated
magkudkod, kudk
urin (mag-:-in)
v. to grate. Kudkurin mo ang niyog.
Grate the coconut.
kudk
uran [r.w. kudk
ud ] n. grater,
shredder
kudr
ado Sp adj. square
kug
on n. cogon grass
k
uha kumuha, kuh
anin (-um-:in) v. to get, to obtain. Kumukuha
siya ng tubig sa poso. He is getting
water from the well.
kuh
ol n. snail
kulamb
o n. mosquito net
kul
ani Sp adj. swelling of the lympatic gland, especially in the grain
k
ulang
magkulang
(mag-)
adj. short, incomplete, lacking,
insucient, inadequate
k
ulay n. color
makulay (ma-) colorful
kulig n. suckling pig [syn. biik ]
kulis
ap n. insect
kuliti n. stye (in the eye) [var.
kulitiw ]
kulitis n. native spinach
kul
o magpakulo, pakuluin
(magpa-:pa-in) v. to boil water.
Nagpakulo si Marta ng tubig para
sa kape. Marta boiled water for the
coee.
kul
og n. thunder
kumulog (-um-) v. to thunder. Ku-

kul
ong
mulog nang malakas. It thundered
loudly.
kul
ong n. canal, pen, prison, cage
[syn. haula, kulung
an] adj. surrounded, encircled, imprisoned,
jailed
ikulong (i-) v. to cage, imprison.
Ikulong mo ang ibon. Cage the bird.
kulung
an n. cage, prison (from
kul
ong)
kul
ot adj. curly, wavy
magkulot, kulutin (mag-:-in) v. to
give a permanent, to make curly or
wavy. Nagkukulot si Ingrid ng buhok.
Ingrid curls hair.
kulub
ong n. protecting mantle over
something, or a person, especially
the latters head
kulub
ot adj. wrinkled
kulug
o n. wart
kum
adre Sp n. lady sponsor in a
baptism, conrmation or wedding
(masculine form is kump
adre)
kum
are Sp n. derived from the
Spanish word comadre, a reciprocal
appellation for the godmother or
for the childs mother. Kumpare
(masculine form)
kumbid
ado Sp n. invited guest
kumed
or Sp n. dining room
k
umot n. blanket, bed sheet
kump
as Sp kumumpas (-um-) v.
to beat, as a conductor of a band or
orchestra, to gesture with the hand.
Kumumpas siya sa harap ng banda.
He conducted in front of the band.
kumpil Sp n. Sacrament of Conrmation
kumpis
al Sp
mangumpisal,
magkumpisal, ikumpis
al (mang:mag-:i-) v. to confess. Nangumpisal
siya sa pare. She confessed to the
priest.
kump
ol n. bunch, cluster
kump
orme Sp adj. agreeable, conrming, resigned, satised
kumpuni Sp
magkumpuni,
kumumpuni, kumpunihin (mag:-um-:-in) v. to repair, to alter (as in

30

kurb
ata
clothes), to mend. Nagkukumpune
siya ng sirang kasangkappan. He
xes broken appliances.
Kumunista Sp n. Communist
kumun
oy n. quicksand
kumust
a Sp n. regards, greeting
form. Kumusta ka? How are you?
mangkumusta,
kumustahin
(mang-:-in) v. to inquire about the
condition of the health of a person.
Kumustahin mo ang maysakit. Say
hello to the sick.
k
unat n. ductility, resiliency
makunat (ma-) adj. stingy,
resilient
kundi conj. but, on the contrary.
Kung hindi. If not for; nothing but.
kundiman n. native song
kundukt
or Sp n. conductor (in
buses or trains)
kun
eho Sp n. rabbit
kunsentid
or Sp n. person allowing
or approving acts that are not supposed to be done
kunsumisy
on Sp n. vexation, exasperation [syn. yam
ot]
kuns
umo Sp n. consumption (of
provisions, fuel, mechandise, etc.)
kunw
a/kunw
ari adv. simulatedly
kung conj. when, whenever, if
during (conjunction used to indicate
non-actual occurrences viewed as
unreal, hypothetical or repeated)
(+ di) if not (+ ma
ari) whether
possible (+ minsan) sometimes (+
paano) how done (+ saan) where
k
upad n. sluggishness, slowness in
working
kup
as adj. faded, out of date, out of
use
kupk
op adj. kept and protected
under ones care, held against ones
chest, as a mother holding a child
k
upit n. pilfering, lching
kur
al Sp n. corral, pen [syn.
kulung
an]
kur
ales Sp n. coral stone
k
urba Sp n. curve
kurb
ado Sp adj. curved

kurd
on
kurb
ata Sp n. tie, necktie
kurd
on Sp n. round cord
kuripot adj. stingy
Kurism
a Sp n. Lent
k
uro n. opinion, estimate
kur
ot kumurot (-um-) v. to take
a piece
mangkurot, kurutin (mang-:-in)
v. to pinch. Nangungurot siya kapag
natutuwa. She pinches people when
shes happy.
kurs
e Sp n. corset
kurs
o n. diarrhea
magkurso, kursohin (mag-:-in) v.
to suer from diarrhea, to be sick
of diarrhea. Baka ka kursohin kapag
kain ka nang kain. If you keep on
eating you might get diarrhea.
kursun
ada Sp n. impulse of the
heart, liking
kurtina n. curtain
kur
us n. cross [var. krus]
kury
ente n. electric current
k
usa adj. spontaneous, initiative
k
usang-lo
ob adj. voluntary
kusk
os magkusk
os, kusk
osin
(mag-:-in) v. to scrub. Kuskusin mo
ang sahig. Scrub the oor.
magkuskos, ikuskos (mag-:i-)
v. to scrub with. Ikuskos mo ang
basahan sa sahig. Scrub the oor
with the rag.
kuskus-bal
ungos n. superuity of
statements, requisitions or details
kusina Sp n. kitchen
kusin
ero/a Sp n. cook
kusinilya Sp n. gas stove
kusing n. a coin worth half a centavo
kus
ot adj. rumpled, crumpled [syn.
gus
ot]
makusot (ma-) v. to get wrinkled.
Nakusot ang damit ko sa kauupo.
My dress got wrinkled in sitting
down.
magkusot, kusutin (mag-:-in)
v. to crumple, to wash clothes by
rubbing vigorously. Kusutin mo ang
damit sa batya. Wash the dress (by
rubbing vigorously) with your hands

31

k
uya
in the basin.
kustilyas Sp n. ribs, chops
kustur
era Sp n. female cutter (in a
milliners shop)
k
uta n. fort
kuting n. kitten
k
utis Sp n. skin surface
k
uto n. lice
kut
os mangkutos,
kutus
an
(mang-:-an) v. to give a knuckle
blow on the head. Nangugutos siya
kapag maingay ka. She raps peoples
heads with knuckles when youre
noisy.
kuts
ara Sp n. spoon
kutsarita Sp n. teaspoon
kuts
ero Sp n. rig driver
kutsilyo Sp n. knife
kuts
on Sp n. cushion
kuty
a mangkutya, kutyain
(mang-:-in) v. to mock, to scorn, to
ridicule, to deride. Kinutya niya ang
mga kaaway niya. He ridiculed his
enemies.
kuwad
erno Sp n. notebook
kuw
adro Sp n. picture frame
kuw
ago Sp n. owl
kuw
ako n. pipe (for smoking)
kuw
adra Sp n. stable for horses
kuwan pro. whatchamacallit (used
in place of an idea not immediately
expressible)
kuwar
esma n. holy week, season
kuw
arta n. money [var. kuw
alta]
kuw
arto n. bedroom
kuw
arto num. one quarter, onefourth, fteen minutes
kuw
atro num. four
kuw
eba n. cave
kuw
elyo n. collar
kuw
enta Sp n. account, debt
kuw
ento n. story, narration, short
story [syn. ist
orya]
magkuwento, ikuwento (mag:i-) v. to tell or relate a story.
Ikuwento mo ang nangyari. Tell
what happened.
kuwint
as n. necklace
kuwitis n. sky-rocket, reworks

da
an

32

k
uya n. older brother (term of address, reference)

D
da
an num. a unit of hundred
da
an n. road, street, way [syn.
k
alye]
dumaan (-um-) v. to pass by.
Dumaan ka sa bahay nila. :Drop in
(for a short visit) at their house.
magdaan, idaan (mag-:i-) v. to
drop something by. Idaan mo sa
kanila ang regalo. Go over to their
house and deliver my gift.
d
abog dumab
og (-um-) v. to
stamp the feet in irritation or
vexation. Huwag kang dumabog.
Dont stomp your feet.
dakila adj. great, eminent, majestic, noble
d
ako n. spot, place
dak
ot dumakot, dakutin (-um-:in) v. to grasp a handful. Dumakot
ka ng kaunti. Grasp a handful.
mandak
ot (man-) v. to grasp something. Nandakot siya ng maraming
salapi. He grabbed a lot of money.
dag
a n. rat, mouse
dag
an dumagan, mangdagan (um-:mang-) v. to put ones weight on
something. Dumagan sa kaniya ang
malaking puno. He/She was crushed
by a big tree.
magdag
an, idag
an (mag-:-i) v. to
put a weight, to press, to put something over something. Idagan mo ang
kaban ng bigas sa kahon. Place the
sack of rice on the box.
d
agat n. ocean, sea
dagd
ag magdagd
ag, idagd
ag,
dagdag
an (mag-:i-:-an) v. to add,
to supplement, to increase. Dagdagan mo ang pera. Add some more
money.
d
agok mangdagok, dag
ukan
(mang-:-an) v. to give a blow on
the nape of the neck, or with the

dal
angin
at of the hand. Dagukan mo siya
kasi hindi siya nakikinig. Give him
a blow on the neck because he does
not listen.
dags
a n. sudden tumultuous and
confusing ow, jumble, or bustle of
people or things
dagt
a n. sap, juice
d
ahan madahan (ma-) adj. slow
dahan-dahan adv. slowly
dah
as n. 1 force, violence of action
[syn. puwersa, lak
as] 2 intrepidity
[syn. tapang] 3 ruthlessness [syn.
lupit, bangis, bagsik ]
d
ahil conj. because, reason, cause,
in account of, through this...
dahil
an n. reason, cause
d
ahon n. leaf of a plant or book
daig adj. surpassed, excelled, beaten
[syn. t
alo]
daigdig n. world, universe
d
aing n. dried sh
daing n. complaint
dumaing (-um-) v. to moan, to
complain. Dumaing siya sa sakit ng
sugat. He moaned due to the pain
caused by the wound.
magdaing, idaing (mag-:i-) v. to
express ones suering, lamentation
or distress. Idinaing niya ang sama
ng loob niya. He lamented over his
hurt feelings.
dal
a n. load
magdala; dalahin (mag-:-in) v. to
carry, to bring or take away. Magdala
ka ng pagkain. Bring some food.
dal
ag n. mud sh
dal
aga n. unmarried woman
dalahira adj. 1 (applied to women)
gossipy [syn. sats
at, dald
al, daldalera, tsism
osa] 2 provocative, free
and easy [syn. landi ]
dalamh
ati n. extreme sorrow, grief
dal
ampasigan n. beach
daland
an n. orange (fruit)
d
alang madalang (ma-) adj. few,
not frequent
dal
angin n. prayer
dumalangin,
mangdalangin,

dal
as
idalangin (-um:mang-:i-) v. to
pray fervently. Dumalangin siya sa
Diyos. She prayed to God.
dal
as madal
as (ma-) adj. often, frequent, regular. Madalas
siyang mangumpisal. He confesses
frequently.
d
alaw dumalaw, dal
awin (-um:-in) v. to visit, to make a call
dalaw
a num. two
makadalaw
a (maka-) v. to be
able to obtain, get something twice.
Nakadalawa siya ng kendi. He was
able to get two pieces of candy.
makadalaw
a (maka-) adv. (with
sa) the day before yesterday
dald
al adj. talkative
dali madali (ma-) adj. easy,
quick, prompt, not dicult
daliri n. nger, toe
dalisay adj. clean, pure, clear,
chaste
d
alita maralit
a (ma-) adj. indigent, poor
dal
o dumalo, daluhan (-um-:an) v. to attend some aair, meeting
or party. Dinaluhan niya ang aking
kaarawan. He attended my birthday
party.
dalubh
asa adj/n. expert, specialist
[syn. esperto]
dal
uyong n. tidal wave
d
alya n. dahlia ower
d
ama n. a native game of chess of
checkers
D
ama de N
otse n. (Lady of the
Night), brunfelsia
dam
ag magdamag (mag-) adv.
the whole night
d
amay dum
amay (-um-) v. to
help, to console, to sympathize. Dumamay sila sa amin. They helped
us.
mangdamay, idamay (mang-:i-)
v. to involve others (without notice)
in a sort of unpleasant situation.
Huwag mo kaming idamay. Dont
involve us (in this mess).
damb
a dumamba (-um-) v. to

33

danas
rise on the hind legs usually said of
a four-footed animal, to fall all over
someone. Dumamba ang aso kaya
akoy natigilan. The dog fell over
me so I got shocked.
damb
ana n. shrine, altar [syn.
simb
ahan; alt
ar ]
damd
amin n. feeling
damd
am maramdamin (ma-,in) adj. overly sensitive
makaramdam (maka-) v. to
be able to feel, to be sensitive.
Nakaramdam siya ng bahagyang
pananakit ng katawan. She felt some
aching of her body.
magdamdam,
damdamin
(mag-:in) v. to feel bad about.
Nagdamdam na naman si Maria sa
sinabi ko. Maria is feeling bad again
about what I said.
d
ami madami (ma-) adj. plenty,
many [var. marami]
damit n. clothing, dress [syn. b
aro,
bestido]
dam
o n. grass, weeds
d
amot mad
amot (ma-) adj. selfish [var. maramot]
damp
a n. hut, hovel (poor and
small) [syn. b
arong-b
arong]
dampi Mal n. light and gentle
touch (as by the soft gentle breeze
on ones skin),light and gentle
application of ointment (as on
wounds)
damp
ot dumampot, d
ampotin,
d
amputin (-um-:-in) v. to pick up
with the hand from the oor. Nakita
ko siyang dumampot ng panyo. I saw
her picking up the handkerchief from
the oor.
mangdampot (mang-) v. to pick
up something from the oor more
than once [var. mandampot]. Mangdampot ka nang mangdampot hanggang gusto mo. You can pick up as
long as you like.
dam
ulag n. land monster, carabao
[syn. kalab
aw; tamar
aw ]
d
anas k
aranasan (ka-:-an) n.

dang
al
experience
makadanas, makaranas v. to
experience. Makakaranas ka rin ng
kahirapan. You will also experience
poverty.
dang
al n. honor, reputation
dangk
al n. span from tip of thumb
to tip of middle nger
dap
a dumapa (-um-) v. to lie
at on ones chest. Dumapa ka kapag
may narinig kang putok. Lie down
when you hear the sound of a gun.
madapa (ma-) v. to fall unexpectedly, to stumble
magdapa, idapa (mag-:i-) v. to lay
someone at on his stomach or chest
dap
a n. sh,rough scaled brill sole
d
apat adj. worthy, deserving, t,
apt, adequate, proper, necessary
pv. must, ought to, should. Dapat
gawin ito. This ought to be done.
daplis adj. barely missing
dap
o dumapo, dap
uan (-um:an) v. to alight (as a bird, buttery,
etc.) on something. Dumapo ang
ibon sa bintana. The bird alighted
on the window.
dumapo, dapuan (-um-:-an) to get
sick. Dinapuan siya ng matinding
karamdaman. He caught a serious
illness.
d
apo n. orchid
dar
ak n. rice bran
das
al n. prayer
magdasal, dasalin; idasal (mag-:in,i-) v. to say a prayer
d
atapwat conj. but, however [syn.
ng
unit, sub
alit (usually with t) (coordinating particle used to express contrasts)]
d
ati adj. former, previous adv. for
a long time already, formerly, it is
sometimes closely joined
dating n. arrival, coming
dumating, datn
an (-um-:-an) v. to
arrive; to nd someone or something
upon arrival. Dinatnan niyang patay
na ang tatay niya. On his arrival, he
found his father dead.

34

deretso
d
atu n. ruling head of a clan, or tribe
da
ungan n. port, wharf
daw prt. it is said; so (somebody)
said (expresses that the sentence
represents the saying of someone
other than the speaker. The person
so quoted may be the agent of the
sentence itself.) [var. raw (after
vowels).]. Aalis ka raw. Youre
leaving, (Im told).
d
aya mangdaya, magdaya,
day
ain (mang-:mag-:-in) v. to
trick, to cheat, to deceive, to delude.
Huwag kang magtangkang dayain
ako. Dont attempt to cheat me.
mand
araya (mang-) deceiver,
cheater
day
ami n. hay
d
ayap n. lime (native), lemon
dayukd
ok adj. extremely hungry
deb
ate Sp n. debate, dispute [syn.
pagtat
alo]
ded
al Sp n. thimble [var. didal ]
del
ata Sp n. canned goods
deleg
ado Sp n. delegate
delegasy
on Sp n. delegation
delik
ado Sp adj. fragile, delicate,
weak, picky
deliryo Sp n. delirium [var. diliryo]
dem
anda Sp n. complaint, accusation
magdemanda, idemanda (mag:i-) v. to bring a case to court,
to accuse. Ididemanda ko siya sa
ginawa niya sa akin. I will bring a
case against him in court.
demokr
asya Sp n. democracy
demokr
atiko Sp adj. democratic
dem
onyo Sp n. demon, devil [syn.
diy
ablo] intj. the deuce [var.
dim
onyo]
dentista Sp n. dentist
departam
ento Sp n. department
[syn. k
agawaran]
dep
osit
o Sp n. money deposited in
a bank
magdeposito, ideposito (mag-:i-)
v. to make a deposit in the bank, to
store up

desgr
asya
der
etso Sp adj. straight, direct [syn.
tuwid; direkto] n. rights [syn. karapatan]
desgr
asya Sp n. 1 misfortune [syn.
sakun
a,aksidente] 2 disgrace [syn.
kahihiyan, kasir
aang-p
uri] [var.
disgrasya]
desmay
a Sp n. swooning, fainting
t
desp
alko Sp
dumespalko,
mangdespalko,
despalkohin
(-um-,mang-:-in) v. to embezzle, to
swindle. Dumespalko siya ng malaking pera kaya siya ay nabilanggo.
He embezzled a large sum of money
so he was imprisoned.
despalkad
or Sp n. enbezzler
despats
ado Sp adj. dispatched, dismissed
despatsad
or Sp n. seller at the
store counter, dispatcher
despedida Sp n. farewell, leavetaking, party given for people
leaving
desperado Sp adj. desperate
di adv. no, not (short for hindi)
diam
ante Sp n. diamond [var.
diyam
ante]
diar
ea Sp n. diarrhea (med) [syn.
pagtatae ] [var. diyarea]
diy
aryo Sp n. newspaper [syn.
pery
odiko, p
ahayagan] [var. diy
aryo]
dibdib n. chest, breast
dibersiy
on Sp n. diversion, amusement [syn. libangan]
dib
orsiyo Sp n. divorce
dikdik magdikdik, dikdikin
(mag-:in) v. to pulverize. Magdikdik
ka ng lupa. Pulverize the soil.
dikin n. ring stand for pot
dikit dumikit (-um-) v. to stick,
to adhere, to get stuck. Dumikit ka
kay pangulo para mabigyan ka ng
mataas na sahod. Stick it out with
the president so that you will get a
high pay raise.
magdikit, idikit (mag-:i-) v. to
paste, to stick, to glue something.
Idikit mo ang iyong retrato sa

35

dilihensiya
dingding. Paste your picture on the
wall.
diko Ch n. appellation to the second
eldest brother by younger brothers,
sisters, and cousins
diksiyon
aryo n. dictionary
dikt
a magdikt
a, idikt
a (mag-:i-)
v. to dictate. Huwag kang magdikta
ng mabilis para hindi ako mahirapan.
Dont dictate fast so I wont have a
hard time catching up.
diktad
or Sp n. dictator
did
al n. thimble [var. ded
al ]
diga dumiga, digahan (-um-:an) v. to court by using idle talk.
Dig
ahan mo siya. Court her.
digm
a n. war [syn. giyera]
diin madiin (ma-) adj. heavily
pressed
dumiin, idiin (-um-:i-) v. to press
hard, to press downward, to insist.
Huwag mong idiin na ako ang
kumuha ng alahas mo. Dont insist
that I took your jewelry.
diit n. slight pressure on something
dila n. tongue
dil
ag n. gorgeousness, splendor, lustrous beauty [syn. gand
a]
dil
at adj. wide-open eyes, wide-eyed
[syn. m
ulat]
dumilat (-um-) v. to open (as of
the eyes). Dumilat ka. You open
(your eyes).
idil
at (i-) v. to open ones eyes, to
raise ones eyelids. Idilat mo ang
mga mata mo. You open your eyes.
mangdilat,
pangdil
atan
(mang-:pang-,an)
v. to glare
at. Pinangdil
atan niya ako. She
glared at me.
dil
aw adj. yellow
manilaw-nilaw. (ma-) adj. yellowish.
dilig magdilig, diligin, dilig
an
(mag-:-in:-an) v. to sprinkle water
on, to water (plants). Magdilig ka
ng halaman araw-araw. Water the
plants everyday.
dilih
ensiya
magdilihensiya,

dilim
dilihensiyahan (mag-:-in) v. to
resort to borrowing, to obtain what
one needs. Inutusan niya akong
magdilihensiya sa inyo bago niyo
makuha ang kailangan niyo. He
instructed me to get something from
you before you can get what you
need.
dilim n. darkness
madilim (ma-) adj. dark
diliryo n. delirium [var. deliryo]
dilis n. long-jawed anchovy
din prt. too, also (expresses that
the expression modied which
may be the whole sentence or an
element within the sentence is like
a corresponding earlier idea) [var.
rin (after vowels)]. Ako rin ang
nagpaligo sa bata. It was I, too, that
bathed the child.
dinamita Sp n. dynamite
dini adv. here [syn. dito, rito]
dinig adj. heard, loud enough to be
heard
dinggin (-in) v. (dinggin) to listen
to. Dinggin mo ang aking pakiusap.
Listen to my plea.
madinig (ma-) v. to hear [var.
marinig]. Ibig kong madinig ang
iyong sagot. I want to hear your
answer.
dingas magdingas (mag-) v. to
are out, to set aame. Matuto kang
magdingas ng kahoy para makaluto
tayo. You should learn how to set our
fuelwood aame so that we can cook
our food.
dingding n. wall
dip
a n. span of two extended arms
diper
ensiya Sp n. 1 dierence [syn.
kaibah
an, kaibh
an] 2 indisposition,
illness [syn. sakit] 3 disagreement
direksiy
on Sp n. 1 direction (towards), course [syn. band
a, gawi] 2
order, command, instructions [syn.
u
tos, t
uro]
direkt
or n. director
dir
etso diretsohin (-in) v. to proceed in a straight direction. Diretso-

36

diyeta
hin niyo ang kalyeng iyon bago kayo
kumaliwa. Go straight on that road
before you turn left.
diri pandidiri (pang-) n. feeling
of loathing for what is foul or lthy
[syn. pagkakarim
arim, pagkakasukl
am]
nakadiri
(nakapandidiri)
adj.
loathsome
diskubri
makadiskubri,
madiskubri (maka-:ma-) v. to
discover. Ibig niyang makadiskubri
ng bagong gamot para sa maysakit
ng AIDS. He wanted to discover a
drug to heal those sick with AIDS.
disk
urso Sp
n.
speech
[syn.
talump
ati ]
diskusy
on Sp n. discussion
disint
erya Sp n. dysentery [syn. iti]
disiplina Sp n. discipline
disisy
on Sp n. decision
magdisisyon, disisyon
an (mag-:an) v. to decide, to make a decision
distrunk
a Sp magdistrunka, distrunk
ahin (mag-:-in) v. to break,
destroy, locks. Hindi ko madistrunka
ang sara ng pinto. I can not destroy
the lock of the door.
disturnilyad
or n. screwdriver
Disy
embre n. December
disy
erto n. desert
dito dem. here [var. dine]
n
arito (na-) its here [var. n
andito]
parito (pa-) v. come here [var.
parine]
dits
e Ch n/adj. appellation for second eldest sister
diwa n. spirit, thought
diw
ata n. goddess
diyab
etes Sp n. diabetes
diy
aket n. jacket
diy
an dem. there
n
ariy
an (na-) adv. its there [var.
n
andiyan]
pariy
an (pa-) v. go there. Akoy papariyan bukas. Ill go there tomorrow.
diy
anitor Eng n. janitor
diy
es Sp num. ten [syn. samp
u ]

Diy
os
diy
eta Sp n. prescribed or regulated
meal, diet
Diy
os Sp n. God [syn. Bath
ala,
Maykap
al ] [var. Di
os]
d
oble adj. double
dokt
or/a n. doctor, physician [syn.
manggag
amot]
domin
ante Sp adj. dominant, domineering
Dominggo Sp n. Sunday [var.
Lingg
o]
d
onya Sp n. madam, term of address
for a rich woman [syn. ginang]
do
on dem. there, yonder: over there,
that place over there
naroon (na-) adv. its there, yonder
[var. n
andoon]
paroon (pa-) v. go there, yonder
dormitory
ana/o Sp
n.
female/male resident of a dormitory
dormit
oryo n. dormitory
dos Sp num. two
d
ose num. twelve
dos
ena Sp n. dozen
d
uke n. duke
duk
esa Sp n. dutchess
dukh
a adj. poor, destitute
d
ukot dum
ukot, d
ukotin (-um:-in) v. to draw out from a pocket,
bag or a container with the hand
mangd
ukot, duk
utan (mang-:-an)
v. to pickpocket
d
uda Sp n. doubt [syn. alinl
angan]
magduda (mag-) v. to doubt.
Huwag kang magduda sa akin.
Dont doubt me.
dug
o n. blood
dugoin, duguin (-in) v. to bleed
profusely, as in a hemorrhage. Akoy
duguin kapag akoy nasugatan. I
bleed profusely when I am wounded.
dumugo, magdugo (-um-,mag-)
v. to bleed as a wound
dugt
ong magdugtong, idugtong, dugtungan (mag-:i-:-an)
v. to append, to annex, to add.
Dugtungan mo ng tela ang iyong
maigsing damit para humaba. Add
another cloth to your short dress so

37

d
uro
it will be longer.
d
uhat n. plum (Java), blackberries
dul
a n. drama, stage play [syn.
dr
ama]
d
ulang n. low dining table
dul
as madulas (ma-) adj.
slippery
duld
ol iduldol (i-) v. to shove or
thrust (something) with force into
another, as pen into ink bottle, food
into mouth, or like relation. Tigilan
mo ang pagduldol ng pagkain sa
kanyang bunganga. Stop putting
food in his mouth.
duling adj. cross-eyed
d
ulo n. end, terminal extremity
dul
os n. trowel
d
ulot n. oering [syn.
alay, hand
og]
dumal
aga n. pullet, female carabao
at the age of puberty
dumi n. dirt
madumi (ma-) adj. dirty, unclean,
lthy [var. marumi]
d
unong n. knowledge, wisdom
madunong (ma-) adj. intelligent,
sage, erudite, bright, talented, wise
[var. marunong]
d
ungaw dum
ungaw (-um-) v. to
look out of the window
dung
awin (-in) v. to look out at
somebody from the window
d
ungis n. dirt on face
madungis (ma-) adj. dirty (face)
[var. marungis]
dung
o adj. shy, timid
d
uplo n. poetical game or contest
dramatically strung to a short
narrative sequence.
dup
ok marupok (ma-) adj. weak
(not durable), frail, fragile, brittle,
delicate [var. rup
ok ]
dur
a n. saliva, sputum [var. lura ]
dumur
a (-um-) v. to spit
mandura, dura
an (mang-:-an) v.
to spit at something [var. lura
an]
duriy
an n. durian
d
uro dumuro, dur
uin (-um-:-in)
v. to pierce or to penetrate sharply
as with a pointed instrument

d
usa

38

manduro, iduro (mang-:i-) v. to

pierce, prick, penetrate something
with a pointed instrument. Huwag
mong duruin ang aking manekin.
Dont pierce my mannequin.
d
usa Sk n. suering
pagdur
usa (pag-) n. punishment,
castigation, suering, grief [syn.
hirap, pagtitiis]
magdusa (mag-) v. to suer.
Magdusa ka sana sa ginawa mong
kasalanan. :I hope you suer
because of what you did.
dus
ena Sp n. dozen [var. dosena]
duw
ag adj. coward
duw
ende Sp n. elf, dwarf [syn.
ti
anak ]
duw
eto Sp n. duet
d
uyan n. cradle, hammock
dy
aryo Sp n. newspaper [var.
diy
aryo]
dyip Eng n. jeep, jeepney

E
ebaporasy
on Sp n. evaporation
eklipse Sp n. eclipse
ekonomiy
a Sp n. economy [syn.
pagtitipid ]
eks
akto Sp adj. exact
eks
amen Sp n. examination, test
[var. iks
amen]
eksibisiy
on Sp n. exhibition
eksperim
ento Sp n. experiment
[var. esperimento]

ekstra Sp adj. extra [syn. dagd

ag]
ekwad
or Sp n. equator
ed
ad Sp n. age [syn. g
ulang]
eduk
ado Sp adj. educated, trained,
well-bred
edukasy
on Sp n. education
eh part. hesitation pause (something
more coming), used to close a sentence to reinforce disagreement, contradiction or protestation
eleb
eytor Eng n. elevator
eleksiy
on Sp n. election, voting
[syn. hal
alan]

espiy
a
elektrisid
ad Sp n. electricity
elektrisista Sp n. electrician
eleg
ante Sp adj. elegant, stylish
elem
ento Sp n. element
elep
ante Sp n. elephant
emp
ake Sp n. packing, wrapping
[var. imp
ake]
magempake, empakihin (mag:-in) v. to pack. Empakihin mo na
ang dadalhin mo. (Start) packing
what you willtake with you.
empan
ada Sp n. meat pie
emp
atso Sp n. indigestion
emperdible Sp n. safety pin
empley
ado/a Sp
n.
employee
(male/ female)
En
ero Sp n. January [var. Inero]
ensal
ada Sp n. salad
entabl
ado Sp n. stage
entr
ada Sp n. entrance [syn.
pasuk
an]
entr
ega Sp n. delivery
magentrega, ientrega (mag-:i-)
v. to deliver, to hand in/over. Magentrega ka ng kaunting suweldo mo
sa akin para sa iyong kinabukasan.
Hand in a small portion of your
salary to me so that you can have
something in the future.
eropl
ano n. airplane
eskinita Sp n. street corner turning
into an alley, an alley [var. iskinita]
esk
oba Sp n. large hand brush,
whisk broom [var. isk
oba]
esk
olar Sp n. scholar
eskrima Sp n. the art of fencing
eskuw
ela Sp n. school
eskuwelah
an Sp n. school [syn.
p
aaralan]
eskultor n. sculptor
esmer
alda Sp n. emerald
esp
ada Sp n. sword, spade in playing cards
Espany
ol Sp n/adj. Spanish
espesy
al Sp adj. special
espiritu Sp n. spirit, soul [syn. kaluluw
a]
espiy
a Sp mag-espiy
a, mangespiy
a (mag-,mang-) v. to spy on.

estasyon

39

Mag-espiya ka sa kanila. You spy

on them.
estasy
on Sp n. station. estasy
on ng
bus (bus station) [var. istasy
on]
estr
elya Sp n. star [syn. bituin]
estudy
ante Sp n. student

eto intj. here it is [var. heto]

Eur
opa Sp n. Europe

ewan pv. dont know [var. ayw

an].
Ewan ko. I dont know.

G
ga
an magaan (ma-) adj. light (of
weight), easy
ga
ano int. how much, what quantity
gab
ay n. hand rail, support
g
abi n. taro, sticky edible tuber
gabi n. night, evening
kagabi (ka-) adv. last night
gabi-gabi adv. every night, every
evening
gagamb
a n. spider
g
ago/a adj. stupid, foolish (colloq),
stuttering, stammering, pronouncing badly [var. hang
al, tang
a]
gah
asa gahas
ain (-in) v. to rape.
Ginahasa ng mga sanggano ang
babae. The woman was raped by the
gangsters.
gah
ol adj. lacking in time [syn. huli]
g
ala gumala (-um-) v. to wonder about, to go about idly, to
travel aimlessly. Gumala siya sa
buong siyudad bago siya umalis. He
wondered about the city before he
left.
gal
ak ikagalak (ika-) v. to be
pleased, to be happy
gal
ante Sp adj. gallant, chivalrous
[syn. magino
o]
g
alang magalang (ma-) adj.
polite, courteous, rened in manner,
respectful
gumalang. Magalang si Maria
sa kanyang mga magulang. Maria
isrespectful to her parents. (-um-)
v. to respect, to treat with rev-

gan
ap
erence. Matuto kang gumalang sa
matatanda. You should learn how to
respect older people.
gal
aw gumalaw (-um-) v. to
move
manggalaw, galawin, igalaw
(mang-:-in:i-) v. to touch, to move.
Huwag mong galawin ang silya.
Dont move the chair.
galing magaling (ma-) adj. good,
well-already, ne, skillful, clever, polite. Magaling gumamit si Juan ng...
Juan was clever at using the...
g
aling manggaling (mang-) v. to
come from, to originate from. Siya ay
nanggaling sa probinsiya. She came
from the province.
galis n. itch
g
alit n. anger, resentment, indignation
magalit (ma-) v. to get angry, to become angry. Huwag ka sanang magalit sa akin. Please dont get angry
with me.
gamb
ala n. delaying disturbance
gumambala (-um-) v. to cause
disturbance
manggambala,
gambal
ain
(mang-:-in) v. to disturb, to bother
g
amit n. personal things, anything
usable
gamitin (-in) v. to wear, to use. Ginamit mo ba ang aking suklay? Did
you use my comb?
gam
ot n. medicine
gumamot, gamutin (-um-:-in) v.
to treat, especially with medicine. Si
Dr. Solis ang gumamot sa pasyente.
Dr. Solis is the one who treated the
patient.
maggamot (mag-) v. to treat ones
self
manggamot, gamutin (mang-:-in)
v. to treat others (outside of self)
gamu-gam
o n. moth
g
ana n. appetite
g
ana n. prot
gan
ap adj. 1 complete [syn. bu
o ]
2 fullled, completed, nished [syn.

gan
ap
yari, tap
os] 3 exact [syn. eks
akto,
hust
o]
gan
ap gumanap (-um-) v. to perform, act. Gumanap siyang pare sa
pelikula. He performed the role of a
priest in the lm.
gand
a maganda (ma-) adj. beautiful, pretty, nice
ganiri adv. (fr. ga + niri or gaya
niri) like this (referring to something
close to the body of the speaker)
[syn. ganit
o]
ganit n. toughness for mastication, relative tightness or rmness
(makingit hard to disengage)
ganit
o adv. (fr. ga + nit
o or gaya
nit
o) like this one; in this way or
manner [syn. ganiri]
ganiy
an adv. (fr. ga + niy
an or
gaya niy
an) like that one (referring
to something near the person spoken
to), in the same way or manner as
that (referring to procedure being
observed) [var. gany
an]
gano
on adv. (fr. ga + noon) like
that yonder, in that manner or way
gans
a n. goose
ganti Mal n. recompense, repayment
gumanti, gantih
an (-um-:-an) v.
to repay. Gantihan mo ang kanyang
kabutihan. Repay his kindness.
gantimp
ala n. reward, prize
g
apang gumapang v. to crawl, to
creep. Gumapang ang bata sa sahig.
The child crawled on the oor.
manggapang, gap
angin (mang-:in) v. to get or obtain something by
stealth or by crawling towards it.
g
apas manggapas, maggapas,
gap
asin (mag-:-in) v. to cut or
mow (grass, rice stalk, or the like)
with a scythe. Ang magsasaka ay
pumunta sa bukid upang manggapas
ng palay. The farmer went to the
eld to cut rice stalks.
g
apos n. manacle, rope tied around
arms or hands adj. manacled
igapos (i-) v. to tie up securely,

40

g
aya
usually by the arms. Igapos mo ang
preso. Tie up the prisoner
manggapos (mang-) v. to tie up
g
ara magara (ma-) adj. nicely
dressed
gar
ahe n. garage
garapiny
era Sp n. ice cream freezer
garap
on Sp n. large wide-mouthed
bottle or decanter
garb
ansos n. chickpeas
gasg
as adj. worn out (by friction),
worn out (by use) [syn. gast
ado]
gasl
aw magaslaw (ma-) adj.
gauche, crude, irtatiousness
gasp
ang magaspang (ma-) adj.
rough, coarse
gasolina Sp n. gasoline
gast
a gumast
a, maggast
a, gastahin (-um-,mag-:-in) v. to spend,
to expend. Malakas siyang gumasta
ng pera. He spends money fast.
gast
ado Sp adj. worn-out by much
use [syn. gasg
as, gamit]
gastad
or n. spend thrift
g
astos n. expenses
gat
a n. coconut milk, cream
g
atang n. chupa: a unit of measure
for rice or other grains, dry measure
g
atas n. milk
g
ato n. jack
g
atong n. rewood, fuel
magg
atong, ig
atong (mag-:i-) v.
to feed with fuel, to put into the re
as fuel. Kumuha ka ng kahoy para
igatong. Get some wood for fuel.
gaw
a gumawa, maggawa;
gawain (gawin) (-um-,mag-:-in) v.
to do, to make, to work, to build.
Gawin mo muna ang iyong leksiyon.
Do your lesson rst.
g
awad n. award, bestowal, grant,
prize [syn. gantimp
ala, premyo]
gawg
aw n. starch, cornstarch
gawi n. side, direction
gumawi (-um-) v. to go or move
in a certain direction, to be inclined
to or accustomed to. Gumawi ka
kaliwa. Go left.
g
aya adv. like, resembling, in the

gay
ak
manner of. Hindi gaya ng bola.
(unlike the ball).
gumaya, gay
ahin; manggaya
(-um-,-in:mang-:-in) v. to imitate,
to emulate. Huwag mong gayahin
ang kapatid mo. Dont imitate your
brother.
gay
ak manggayak; gayak
an;
igayak (mang-:-i:-an) v. to decorate, to festoon. Gayakan mo ang
simbahan. They will decorate the
church.
gay
on pron. (fr. ga + ya
on) something like that adv. in that way or
manner [var. gano
on]
gay
on pron.
also,
furthermore
(always followed by din). Siyay
isang taong may kaunting talino at
gayon din may kaunting tapang. He
is a man of some cleverness and also
of some courage.
gay
uma n. love charm
g
era Sp n. war [syn. digm
a,
digm
aan]
gerilya Sp n. guerrilla (man)
gib
a maggiba, gibain (mag-:in) v. to destroy, to demolish, to
ruin. Giniba ng bagyo ang bahay.
The typhoon destroyed the house.
gigi maggigi (mag-) adj. slow,
fussy, meticulous
giit gumiit (-um-) v. to push
ones way through
maggiit, igiit (mag-:i-) v. to insist.
Huwag mong igiit ang gusto mo.
Dont insist on what you want.
gil
agid n. gums
gilid n. border, edge, margin adv. at
the edge. sa gilid at the edge
giling
an n. mill, grinder
giling gumiling, maggiling;
gilingin (-um-, mag-:-in) v. to
grind something. Gilingin mo ang
bigas. Grind the rice.
gilit n. cut, incision or slice marks
(on sh or wood), sliced piece
giliw n. love, aection
ginang n/adj.
Mrs.,
matron,
madam [abbr. Gng]

41

g
ugol
gin
aw n. cold, coldness, freezing
temperature
magin
aw (ma-) adj. cold, chilly,
freezing
ginawin (-in) v. to become cold.
Magkumot ka para hindi ka ginawin.
Use a blanket so you wont become
cold.
magin
aw (ma-) v. to feel cold
ginh
awa maginhawa (ma-) adj.
comfortable, easy
gino
o n. mister
m
aginoo (ma-) adj. gentlemanly,
well-bred man
gint
o n. gold
gipit adj. wanting or lacking in
space [syn. makipot]
gis
a maggisa; gisahin; igisa
(mag-:-in,i-) v. to saute, to cook in
oil, garlic, onions and or tomatoes.
Ginisa ni Inday ang gulay. Inday
sauteed the vegetable.
gis
antes n. peas
gising adj. awake
gumising (-um-) v. to wake up, to
awaken. Gumising ka nang maaga
bukas. Wake up early tomorrow.
manggising; gisingin (mang-:-in)
v. to rouse someone
git
ara Sp n. guitar
giting n. heroism, great courage
magiting (ma-) adj. courageous,
heroic
gitling n. hyphen
gitn
a n. middle, center
gobernad
or Sp n. governor
gobiy
erno Sp n. government
g
oma Sp n. rubber [var. r
aber ]
g
ora Sp n. cap
g
oto n. tripe
gr
abe Sp adj. grave, weighty [syn.
malubh
a, mabig
at]
gr
ado Sp n. degree
gr
atis Sp adj. free, gratis, for nothing [syn. wal
ang-b
ayad ]
gripo Sp n. faucet
gu
antes Sp n. gloves [syn. guw
antes]
g
ubat n. forest, jungle
g
ugo n. native shampoo

g
uhit
g
ugol gumugol; gug
ulin (-um:-in) v. to spend, to appropriate.
Gumugol ako ng malaki sa aking
bakasyon. I spent a lot in my
vacation.
maggugol; igugol (mag-:i) n. to
spend, to appropriate (something)
g
uhit n. line
g
uhit n. a measure or weight equal
to 100 grams
guh
o
pagguho
(pag-) n.
collapse, cave-in, crumbling
gul
aman n. gelatin (native, made
from seaweed)
gulanit adj. ragged, worn-out
g
ulang n. age
magulang (ma-) adj. shrewd, mature
gul
angan (-an) v. to take advantage of someone who has not had
much experience yet. Mag-ingat ka
para hindi ka gulangan. Be careful so
you wont be taken advantage of.
g
ulat n. shock
mangg
ulat; gul
atin (mang-:-in)
v. to frighten, to surprise, to shock
someone. Ginulat mo naman ako!
You frightened me!
g
ulay n. vegetables
gul
o n. riot, trouble, disorder,
confusion
magulo (ma-) adj. unruly, rowdy,
disorderly
manggulo; guluhin (mang-:-in)
v. to create disorder, tumult or
confusion. Nanggulo ang mga
demonstrador. The demonstrators
created disorder.
g
ulok n. bolo, large knife, machete
gul
od n. hill top
gul
ong n. wheel
gum
ulong (-um) v. to roll. Gumulong ang bola sa sahig. The ball
rolled on the oor.
maggulong; igulong (mag-:i-) v.
to roll something
gumam
ela n. hibiscus
g
unaw n. end of the world, destruction of all things, deluge

42

h
a!
guniguni n. imagination, apprehension, presentiment
gunting n. scissors
gungg
ong adj. stupid, ignorant
gupit n. haircut
gumupit, magupit, gupitin (-um,mag-:-in) v. to cut with a pair of
scissors or shears, to trim. Ginupit
ng barbero ang aking buhok. The barber cut my hair.
guro n.
teacher,
tutor
[syn.
mestro/a, titser ]
gus
ali n. building
gusg
os gusg
usin (-in) adj. untidy,
in rags, in tatters
gus
ot adj. crumpled, entangled,
confused
gust
o pv. want, like [syn. ibig]
gumusto, gustohin (-um-:-in) v.
to like, to want, to desire. Ginusto
ng lalaki ang biyuda. The man
desired the widow.
gut
ay adj. torn into pieces
g
utom n. hunger
magutom (ma-) v. to (get) hungry.
Maraming tao ang nagugutom sa
Pilipinas. Many people get hungry
in the Philippines.
guw
apo/a adj. handsome, beautiful, good-looking, pretty, dashing
guw
ardiya Sp n. guard [syn.
bant
ay, t
anod ]
guyab
ano n. (guayabano) soursop

H
ha int. interrogative meaning: What
is it?, What do you mean?, Whats
that again? [syn. an
o?, ano kam
o? ]
part. interrogative particle meaning: Do you understand? [syn. Alam
mo na ba, ha? ] part. exclamatory
interrogative particle with the element of surprise or reproach: Is that
so? [syn. Ganoon pala, ha? So thats
what it is, huh?]
h
a! intj. (deprecatingly) So!, (reproachingly) So, thats it!, particle

h
aba
producing laughter (in series) Ha!
Ha! Ha!
h
aba n. a length
mahaba (ma-) adj. long, elongated
hab
ag mahabagin (ma-in) adj.
kind-hearted, charitable
mahab
ag (ma-) v. to take pity
hab
agat n. a west or southwest
wind, monsoon
h
abang conj. throughout, during,
while [syn. samant
alang]. Habang
siyay natutulog... While he was
sleeping...
h
abang-b
uhay adv. for a lifetime,
eternal
habilin n. something (as money,
property, etc.) given in trust or for
safe-keeping (from bilin)
h
abol humabol, habulin (-um:-in) v. to catch up with, to appeal,
to run after
manghabol, hab
ulin (mang-:-in)
v. to run after somebody. Hinabol ni
Pedro si Juan. Peter ran after John.
habon
era Sp n. soap box or tray
[var. habunera]
hak
ab adj. tight-tting
hakb
ang n. step, space of stepping,
pace in walking or running
h
akot Mal n. load, loading (in
quantity) [syn. dal
a, karg
a]
humakot, hak
utin (-um-:-in).
Hakutin mo ang madadala mo. Take
what you can carry.
hadl
ang humadlang (-um-) v.
to stand in the way, to obstruct.
Humadlang si Pedro sa aking daan.
Pedro obstructed/blocked my way.
maghadlang, ihadlang (mag-:i-)
v. to place an impediment, to
obstruct, to bar
hagd
an n. stairs, stairway, steps,
ladder [var. hagd
anan]
hagibis n. rapidity, velocity [syn.
bilis, t
ulin]
hagilap humagilap (-um-) v. to
search, to gather
maghagilap, hagil
apin (mag-:-in)
v. to try to get hold of something at

43

hal
ang
the time of need around ones environment. Maghagilap ka ng panggatong. Gather rewood.
manghagilap, hagil
apin (mang-)
v. to look for someone/something.
Manghagilap ka ng makatutulong sa
atin. Look for someone who can help
us.
h
aging n. buzzing sound as of something speeding by
hagip makahagip, mahagip
(maka-:ma-) v. hit or caught by a
moving body. Nahagip siya ng kotse.
The car hit him.
h
agis v. to hurl at, to cast something
at
humagis (-um-) v. to be thrown
o. Humagis ang bata sa kotse. The
child was thrown o the car.
maghagis, ihagis (mag-:i-) v. to
throw, to cast. Ihagis mo ang bola
kay Pepe. Throw the ball to Pepe.
h
agod n. rubbing, massaging
hagulh
ol n. sudden, loud weeping
hagupit n. stroke of whip or lash
h
ain maghain, ihain (mag-:i-) v.
to set the table, to serve, to cook.
Ihain mo ang adobong manok. Serve
the chicken adobo.
hal
a! intj. a warning: if you do that,
there will be consequences!
hal
aan n. clam
halab
os n. scalding or half cooking
in salted water
halakh
ak n. loud laughter
halag
a n. price, value, importance
mahalaga (ma-) adj. important,
valuable
halagh
ag adj. careless, neglectful
[syn. pabay
a, bulags
ak ]
hal
al maghalal, ihalal (mag-:i-)
v. to nominate, to elect. Ihalal natin
ang mabuting kandidato. Lets elect
the good candidate.
h
alalan n. election, voting [syn.
eleksy
on]
hal
aman n. plant, garden, vegetation
halaman
an n. garden [syn. hardin]

h
alang
hal
ang pahalang (pa-) adj. horizontal, traverse, lying across
h
alang humalang (-um-) v. to
barricade, to use ones self as an
obstruction. Humalang si Elsa sa
aking balak. Elsa obstructed my
plans.
maghalang, ihalang (mag-:i-) v.
to lay across, to put crosswise as
an impediment. Inihalang niya ang
mga bato sa kalye. They obstructed
the road with stones.
halat
a adj. noticeable, conspicuous
h
alay mahalay (ma-) adj.
depraved, lewd, sensual
halik n. kiss
humalik (-um-) v. to kiss. Humalik
ang bata sa ina. The child kissed his
mother.
manghalik, halik
an (mang-:-an)
v. to kiss somebody, something.
Halikan mo ang kamay ng lola mo.
Kiss the hand of your grandmother.
halika v. (You) come here
haligi n. post [var. p
oste]
halili humalili (-um-) v. to
substitute, to replace. Humalili ako
sa kanya. I took his place.
maghalili, halilihan (mag-:-an) v.
to change something. Hahalinhan
mo ang kuya mo sa pagbabantay ng
bahay. You will take turns with your
older brother in watching the house.
halimaw n. beast, monster
halimb
awa n. example, model, for
example, for instance
halim
uyak n. fragrance, scent [syn.
bang
o]
halina n. fascination [syn. gay
uma]
v. come along. Halina kayo. Lets go.
halipar
ot adj. vulgar, coquette,
coarse
h
alo humalo (-um-) v. to mix.
Humalo siya sa aming biruan. He
joined in our kidding around.
maghalo, hal
uin, ihalo (mag-:in:i-) v. to stir, to add as another
ingredient. Haluin mo ang aking
niluluto. Stir what I am cooking.

44

h
amon
h
alo-h
alo n. a kind of dessert made
of sweetened fruits and crushed ice
h
alos adv. almost. Halos lahat ng
tao. Almost all people.
hal
ukay maghalukay, haluk
ayin
(mag-:-in) v. to dig, to turn over and
back either in search of something
or to mix well. Hinalukay ni Maria
ang aking mga kagamitan. Maria
rummaged through my things.
halukipkip
nakahalukipkip
(naka-) adj. with forearms crossed
close to body below the chest
halugh
og
maghalughog,
halughugin (mag-:-in) v. to
search or examine minutely, to
search every corner of a place
thoroughly. Hinalughog ng mga pulis
ang bahay ni Berto. The policemen
searched Bertos house.
halumigmig n. moisture, humidity,
condensation adj. humid
halungk
at
maghalungkat,
halungkatin (mag-:-in) v. to turn
over a pile of things in search
for something, to search carefully
among a number of things. Hinalungkat niya ang aking mga
damit. He went through my clothes.
h
amak adj. abject, lowly, contemptible, of small account, vile,
insignicant
hamb
alos n. ogging with a cudgel
or club
hambing maghambing, ihambing (mag-:i-) v. to compare, to
place side by side in comparison.
Ihambing mo ang iyong ginawa sa
gawa ni Jose. Compare your work
with Joses.
hamb
og adj. proud, overbearing,
boastful, arrogant
h
amo v. (short form of hay
aan mo)
meaning dont mind it or dont
worry about it
ham
og n. dew
ham
on n. ham
h
amon manghamon, ham
unin
(mang-:-in) v. to challenge, to look

hamp
as
for a competitor. Hinamon niya sa
boksing si Rene. He challenged Rene
to a bout (boxing).
hamp
as humampas (-um-) v. to
slam against something. Humampas
ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit
the wall.
manghamp
as, hampasin (mang:-in) v. to strike something, to
scourge
hampasl
upa n. vagabond, bum,
tramp, good for nothing
h
anap
humanap,
han
apin
(-um-:-in) v. to look for, to search
for (something). Humanap ka ng
trabaho. Look for a job.
hanapb
uhay n. occupation, livelihood, means of earning a living
h
anay n. row, le
humanay (-um-) v. to stay in line
or in a row. Humanay kayo ng isaisa. Stay in line one by one.
maghanay, ihanay (mag-:i-) v. to
place or put in line or in a successive
order
hand
a adj. ready, prepared
humanda, ihanda (-um-:i-) v. to
get something ready or to set something, to prepare something. Ihanda
mo na ang pagkain. Prepare the food
now.
hand
og n. oering, gift, present
maghandog,
ihandog,
handug
an (mag-:i-:-an) v. to oer,
to dedicate. Naghandog ng tulong
ang estudyante. The student oered
help.
handus
ay adj. prostate, fallen at
h
anip n. chicken ea
hant
ad adj. exposed [syn. lant
ad ]
hant
ong humantong (-um-) v. to
end up in, to stop, to terminate. Humantong sa away ang usapan nila.
Their talk ended up in a quarrel.
h
anga paghanga (pag-) n. admiration, amazement, astonishment
hang
ad n. desire, interest, intent
hang
al adj. stupid, idiotic, fool [syn.
tang
a, gungg
ong, mangm
ang]

45

harang
hangg
a hanggahan (-an) n. result, end, outcome [syn. b
unga, d
ulo,
result
ado]
hangg
anan n. boundary, limit [syn.
d
ulo]
hangg
ang conj. till, until, as far as
prep. up to
h
angin n. air, wind
mahangin (ma-) adj. windy
h
ango humango (-um-) v. to appropriate a certain amount of goods
maghango, hang
uin (mag-:-in) v.
to remove something being cooked
from the re, to adapt from literary material, to save someone from
something. Hanguin mo siya sa hirap. Help him out (of his diculties).
h
angos hum
angos v. breathless
hap
ag n. dining table [var. mesa]
hapdi mahapdi (ma-) adj.
smarting
h
apis adj. sad, gloomy, grievous
hap
o adj. tired, exhausted, fatigued
h
apon n. afternoon
kahapon (ka-) adv. yesterday
Hap
on n. Japanese
hap-slip n. half-slip
hap
unan n. dinner, supper, evening
meal
maghapunan (mag-) v. to have
dinner. Naghapunan ka na ba? Have
you had dinner yet?
har
ana n. serenade
magharana, mangharana, haran
ahin (mag-:mang-:-in) v. to
serenade. Haranahin natin si Belen
ngayong gabi. Lets serenade Belen
tonight.
h
arang humarang (-um-) v. to
block, to bar, to stand in the way.
Humarang siya sa kalye. He blocked
the road.
magharang, iharang (mag-:i-) v.
to put a block or a hindrance, to bar
with something. Magharang ka ng
kahoy sa pinto. Bar the door with a
piece of wood.
mangharang, har
angin (mang:-in) v. to rob, to stop, to block.

har
ap
Nanghaharang siya ng mga tao. He
robs people.
har
ap n. front adv. Sa harap. In
front of, before (the class).
humarap (-um-:-in) v. to face.
Humarap ka sa akin. (You) face me.
hardin n. garden [syn. halaman
an]
hardin
ero n. gardener
h
ari n. king
harina n. our
har
ot maharot (ma-) adj. unladylike, coarse, unrened, boisterous
h
asa maghasa, ihasa, has
ain
(mag-:i-:-in) v. to sharpen. Ihasa mo
ang kutsilyo. Sharpen the knife.
hasmin n. jasmine
h
atak paghatak (pag-) towing
[syn. b
atak, hila]
humatak, hat
akin (-um-:-in) to
pull. Humatak ka sa lubid. Pull the
rope.
manghatak (mang-). Manghatak
ka ng kahit sino. Pull anyone.
h
ati humati (-um-) v. to share,
to take a part of
magh
ati, hatiin (mag-:-in) v. to
apportion into two, to divide. Hinati
ng ina ang tinapay. The mother apportioned the bread.
hatid maghatid, ihatid (mag-:i-)
v. to conduct, to escort, to accompany. Si Ver ang maghahatid sa iyo
sa estasyon. Ver will accompany you
to the station.
h
atinggabi adv. late, midnight
h
atol maghatol, ihatol (mag-:i-)
v. to judge, to give a sentence or
decision
manghatol, hat
ulan (mang-:-an)
v. to judge. Huwag mo akong
hatulan. Dont judge me.
h
aula n. cage [var. h
awla]
h
awa n. infection adj. contagious
manghawa, haw
aan (mang-:-an)
v. to infect, to contaminate another,
to stain. Nanghawa siya ng sipon sa
akin. He infected me with colds.
h
awak humawak,
haw
akan
(-um-:-an) v. to hold in hand, to

46

higpit
grasp
maghawak (mag-) to hold each
other by the hand. Humawak ka
nang mahigpit sa akin. Grasp me
tightly.
haw
as adj.
well-proportioned
(gure), oval (face)
hawig adj. similar, resembled
hay
an! intj. there! There it is! (fr.
ha + iyan)
h
ayop n. animal
hay
un! intj. Look there! There it is,
yonder (fr. ha + iy
on)
h
eko Ch n. dark sauce from salted
shrimps
helik
opter n. helicopter
hen
eral/a n.
general
(masculine/feminine)
h
epe n. boss, chief, head
h
eto intj. here it is (fr. ha + ito)
[var. eto]
hibi n. dried shrimp
hibik n. pleading, supplication
hika n. asthma
hik
ab
humikab,
maghikab
(-um-:mag-) v. to yawn [var.
hig
ab]. Naghihikab siya kapag siyay
inaantok. He yawns when he is
sleepy.
hikah
os adj. needy, broke, bankrupt
hikaw n. earrings
hik
ayat n. persuasion
hikbi n. sob
hig
a humiga (-um-) v. to lie
down. Humiga ka at magpahinga.
Lie down and rest.
maghiga, ihiga (mag-:i-) v. to
lay down something
higad n. caterpillar
hig
ante Sp n. giant
higit adv. more, excessive, over
higop humigop, hig
upin (-um-:in) v. to sip. Humigop ng sabaw ng
manok ang maysakit. The sick one
sipped chicken broth.
higpit mahigpit (ma-) adj. tight,
strict
humigpit (-um-) v. to become
tight. Humigpit ang kanyang pan-

hihip

47

talon. His trousers got tight.

maghigpit, higpit
an v. to tighten
hihip n. blowing (as of wind from
mouth)
humihip (-um-) v. to blow (as
of the wind or from the mouth).
Himihip ang hangin. The wind
blew.
hipan (-an) v. to blow on something. Hipan mo ang apoy. Blow at
the re.
hila humila v. to pull
manghila, hil
ahin (mang-:-in) v.
to pull something. Hinila ng lalaki
ang kariton. The man pulled the
cart.
hil
aga n. north
hil
amos maghilamos, hilam
usan
(mag-:-an) v. to wash ones face.
Maghilamos ka muna bago ka magalmusal. Wash your face rst before
you eat breakfast.
hil
at adj. stretched, pulled
hilats
a n. thread unravelled from
cloth
hil
aw adj. raw (food), green, unripe,
uncooked, undercooked
hilb
ana Sp n. basting (sewing)
hil
era n. row, le
hilik humilik (-um-) v. to snore.
Humihilik siya pag tulog. He snores
while sleeping.
hilig Mal n. inclination, leaning position, propensity, tendency
mahilig (ma-) adj. having the inclination or tendency to
hiling humiling, hilingin (-um-:in) v. to request. Hilingin mo siyang
kumanta. Request her to sing.
hil
o adj. dizzy
mahilo (ma-) v. to become dizzy, to
become confused. Nahilo ang babae
sa init. The woman became dizzy because of the heat.
hilod maghilod, hil
urin v. to
scrub the skin to remove dirt.
Hilurin mo ang likod ko. Please
scrub my back.
hilot n. midwife

hin
ahon
him
agas n. dessert
himagsik maghimagsik (mag-)
v. to rebel, to revolt. Naghimagsik
ang mga tao laban sa pamahalaan.
The people revolted against the
government.
himal
a n. miracle
maghimala (mag-) v. to perform a
miracle. Naghimala ang Birhen. The
Virgin performed a miracle.
himas n. gentle rubbing on skin by
the palm of the hand, caressful rubbing, petting by rubbing the back of
ghting roosters
him
asok n. interference, meddling
manghimasok (mang-) v. to
meddle in (something one is not
concerned about). Huwag kang
manghimasok sa buhay ng may
buhay. Dont meddle with the lives
of others.
himat
ay himatayin (-in) v.
to faint, to pass out, to be come
unconscious. Hinimatay si Gloria
nang marinig ang balita. Gloria
fainted when she heard the news.
himaym
ay n. ber
himbing Ch n. deep slumber
himpapawid n. atmospheric space
himpil n. stopping to rest or stay,
station, headquarters
himulm
ol n. plucking of feathers
from fowls or birds, or of hair from
animals
himut
ok n. outcry of disappointment or distress, whimper
hina mahina (ma-) adj. weak,
lack of strength
humina (-um-) v. to become weak.
Humina ang kanyang katawan dahil
sa sakit. His body became weak because of his illness.
manghina (mang-) v. to feel weak
hinagpis n. doleful sigh, plaint
hin
ahon mahinahon (ma-) adj.
self-controlled, calm
huminahon (-um-) v. to be calm.
Huminahon ang sanggol nang binigyan ng gatas. The baby calmed

hinang
down when given milk.
hinang maghinang, hin
angin
(mag-:-in) v. to solder, to weld. Ang
kanyang trabaho ay maghinang ng
kotse. His job is to weld cars.
hin
ala n. suspicion
maghinala, hinal
ain (mag-:-in)
v. to suspect, to presume. Naghihinala ang babae sa kanyang asawa.
The woman is suspecting that her
husband is philandering.
hinanakit n. grudge, ill feeling
hin
ayang n. feeling of regret for not
having utilized something or not
havingtake advantage of a situation
(from s
ayang)
panghinayang (pang-) n. regret
hindi adv. no, not, negative particle
(+ba) tag question roughly equivalent to isnt it?, arent they?, did
he?
hin
ete Sp n. jockey, horseman
hinhin mahinhin (ma-) adj.
modest, rened
hining
a n. breath
hinlalaki n. thumb
hinlal
ato n. middle nger or toe
hin
og adj. ripe (particularly of
fruits), mature
mahinog (ma-) v. to be ripe.
Nahinog ang mangga sa puno. The
mango ripened on the tree.
hint
ay maghintay, hintayin
(mag-:-in) v. to wait, to wait for.
Hintayin mo ako. Wait for me.
hint
o huminto (-um-) v. to stop,
to come to a halt. Huminto ang kotse
sa tapat ng bahay. The car stopped
in front of the house.
maghinto, ihinto (mag-:i-) v. to
stop something
hintutur
o n. index nger
hing
a huminga (-um-) v. to
breathe, to exhale. Huminga siya ng
malalim. He took a deep breath.
maghinga, ihinga (mag-:i-) v. to
expose, to bring out. Maghinga ka
ng sama ng loob mo. Let o (a little)
steam/ pour out your ill feelings.

48

hit
a
magpahinga (magpa-) v. to rest,
to take a rest
hingal humingal (-um-) v. to
pant, to gasp. Humihingal siya sa
pagod. He is panting because of
fatigue.
hingal
o maghingalo (mag-) v. to
be in a state of dying. Naghingalo
ang maysakit. The sick is already in
a state of dying.
hingi humingi, hingin (-um:-in) v. to ask for. Humingi ka
ng tawad sa kanya. Ask for her
forgiveness.
manghingi (mang-:-in) v. to ask
for (repetitively)
hipag n. sister-in-law (term of reference)
hipo n. touch
hipon n. shrimp
hir
am manghiram, humiram,
hiramin (mang,-um-:-in) v. to
borrow, to ask for a loan. Humiram
ng pera sa bangko ang negosyante.
The businessman borrowed money
from the bank.
hirang n. choice, selection, the
chosen one (usually a lover or sweetheart), darling [syn. irog, mah
al ]
hir
angin (-in) v. to appoint
to a position. Hinirang siyang
bise-presidente. He was appointed
vice-president.
hirap mahirap (ma-) adj. poor,
dicult, hard, destitute
humirap (-um-) v. to become difcult. Humirap ang buhay. Life became (more) dicult.
mahirap (ma-) v. to be hard, dicult. Mahirap mag-alaga ng bata. Its
hard to take care of children.
hirin n. choking (by a lump in the
throat)
hita n. thigh
hit
a n. contrary and unsatisfactory
consequence obtained from a goodwill act but uncalled for or uninvited
mahita (ma-) v. to obtain an unsatisfactory or frustrating reqard for

hitit
a voluntary eort done in good-will.
Iyan ang mahihita mo! Thats what
you get (for your goodwill)!
hitit n. smoking of cigars or
cigarettes
humitit (-um-) v. to smoke. Humihitit siya ng tabako. He smokes
cigars.
hito n. fresh water catsh
hits
o n. betel nut leaf with line and
betel nut for chewing
hits
ura n. form, aspect
hiwa n. a slice
humiwa, maghiwa, hiwain
(-um-,mag-:-in) v. to cut with a
blade or knife, to slice. Maghiwa ka
ng kamatis para sa ensalada. Slice
some tomatoes for the salad.
manghiwa (mang-) v. to cut
deliberately with a blade or knife
hiw
aga n. mystery
mahiwaga (ma-) adj. wonderful,
mysterious
hiwal
ay humiwalay (-um-) v.
to separate from. Humiwalay ka
sa kanya. Leave him (go your own
way).
maghiwalay, ihiwalay (mag-:i-) v.
to sort out, to set apart. Maghiwalay
ka ng pagkain para sa tatay. Set
aside some food for your father.
hiw
as adj. slant, oblique, diagonal
hiy
a mahiyain (ma-in) adj. shy,
bashful
mahiya (ma-) v. to feel embarassed
manghiya, hiyain (mang-:-in) v.
to shame someone. Huwag mong
hiyain ang mga Pilipino. Dont
embarass the Filipinos.
hiy
ang adj. suited, compatible,
agreeing (as medicine, food, company, etc.)
hiy
as n. jewels, gems
hiy
aw humiyaw (-um-) v. to
yell, to shout. Humiyaw ka para
ka marinig. Yell so you would be
heard.
ho part. colloquial form of po, a

49

huli
word of respect
hoy intj. hey! an exclamation of
warning or calling attention
hub
ad adj. naked, undressed from
the waist up, not in possession of
maghubad, hubarin (mag-:-in) v.
to undress, to have nothing from
the waist up. Naghubad siya dahil
sa init. He undressed because of the
heat. Hubarin mo ang kamiseta mo.
Take o your undershirt.
hub
o adj. nude, undressed from
the waist down
maghubo,hubu
an (mag-:-an) v.
to take o the pants, to undress
from the waist down. Maghubo ka
ng pantalon. Take o your pants.
h
ubog n. curves (gure)
h
ukay humukay (-um-, mag-:-in)
v. to dig, to excavate. Humukay siya
ng butas. He dug a hole.
hukb
o n. army
huk
om n. judge
huk
uman n. court
huk
ot adj. bent, stoop-shouldered
H
udas Sp adj. traitor [syn. taksil ]
hudy
at n. sign, password
Hudy
o Sp n. Jew, adj. Jewish,
wily
h
ugas maghugas,
hug
asan
(mag-:-an) v. to wash. Maghugas ka
ng plato. Wash the plate.
hugas
an n. sink
h
ugis n. shape
h
ugot humugot (-um-) v. to
pull out, to draw. Humugot siya ng
damit sa aparador. She pulled out a
dress from the cabinet.
manghugot, hug
utin (mang-:in) v. to pull out. Huwag kang
manghugot ng hindi mo ari. Dont
pull out what is not yours.
h
ula manghula, hul
aan (mang:-an) v. to predict, to guess, to tell
ones fortune. Nanghuhula siya sa
baraha. He tells fortunes from the
cards.
huli adj. late, tardy, last
mahuli (ma-) v. to be late or tardy.

h
uli
Dali ka at baka ka mahuli! Hurry up
or you might be late.
h
uli humuli (-um-) v. to catch, to
arrest, to apprehend
manghuli, hulihin (mang-:-in)
v. to catch someone, to chase
after someone. Nanghuli siya ng
masasamang tao. He caught bad
people.
huling habilin n. last will of a dying person
h
ulog mahulog (ma-) v. to fall,
to drop. Nahulog siya sa kama. He
fell from the bed.
maghulog, ihulog (mag-:i-) v. to
drop, to fail (as in an examination),
to pay in installment, to deposit
(money). Maghulog ka ng pera sa
bangko. Deposit money in the bank.
H
ulyo n. July
humingi v. to ask for, to request
hump
ak adj.
hollow,
sunken,
depressed
h
uni n. chirping or hooting of birds
or fowls
H
unyo n. June
hur
ado n. jury
hurn
o n. oven
h
usay mahusay (ma-) adj. able,
skillful, in good shape, orderly, wellarranged
husg
ado Sp n. court of justice [syn.
huk
uman]
hust
o adj. sucient, enough, t, adequate [syn. sap
at]
huw
ad adj. counterfeit, forged, fake,
false
huw
ag adv. dont, negative command [var. hw
ag,]
Huw
ebes n. Thursday
huw
es n. judge
huw
eteng Ch n. a number pairing
game

ikot

50

I
ib
a pron. other, others, another
adj. another, other, dierent,
unlike
mag-iba, ibahin (mag-:-in) v. to
switch, to change
ibab
a n. lower part of the house, the
basement
ib
abaw n. upper crust or surface,
top adv. (sa ibabaw) over, above,
on top
ib
ayo adj. opposite
ib
ayo mag-ibayo (mag-) v. to
double, to be excessive, to be too
much. Nag-ibayo ang halaga ng
bilihin. The prices of goods doubled.
ibig p v. want, like, wish, desire [syn.
gust
o ]. Ibig niyang kumain ng suha.
He wants to eat the grapefruit.
umibig, mang-ibig, ibigin (-um-,
mang-:-in) v. to want, to like, to desire, to wish, to love. Umibig si Nora
kay Tirso. Nora loves Tirso.
mangingibig n. beau, suitor
ibon n. bird
ik
a af. a prex used to show
sequence, order. ika
apat fourth
ikatl
o num. third, derived from ikatatlo
ik
aw pron. you (singular), usually
occurs initially in sentences
ikit umikit (-um-) v. to turn
around, to turn inward, to rotate.
Habang umiikit ang mundo, lumilipas ang panahon. As the earth
rotates, time goes by.
mag-ikit, ikitin, iikit v. (mag-:-in,
i) to wind
ikli maikli (ma-) adj. short
ikm
o n. betel leaf
ikot umikot (-um-) v. to turn
around, to turn outward, to revolve.
Umikot siya sa buong bahay. She
went around the house.
mag-ikot, iikot (mag-:-i) v. to
turn around or to take around. Iikot
mo siya sa buong bayan. Take him

iks
amin
all around town.
iks
amin Sp umiksamin (-um-) v.
to take an examination or a test.
Umiksamin siya kahapon. He took a
test yesterday.
mag-iks
amin, iksaminin (mag-:in) v. to examine. Nag-iksamin ako
ng kanyang mga binili. I examined
the things he bought.
iksi maiksi (ma-) adj. short
idlip n. nap
igat n. eel
igk
as umigkas (-um-) v. to spring
suddenly, to be discharged, to let
loose suddenly. Umigkas siyang bigla
sa higaan. He sprang suddenly from
the bed.
igi maigi (ma-) adj. well, all right
igib umigib, mag-igib, igibin (um-, mag-:-in) v. to fetch water, to
carry water to a place. Mag-igib ka
ng tubig sa poso. Fetch water from
the well.
igl
ap n. very brief moment [syn.
saglit, sandali ]
ignor
ante Sp adj. ignorant [syn.
mangm
ang, hang
al, ma
ang, tang
a]
Igor
ote Sp n. Igorot [var. Igur
ot]
ihaw mag-ihaw, ih
awin, iihaw
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to broil, to roast.
Nag-ihaw si Juana ng tuyo. Juana
roasted dried sh.
ihi n. urine
umihi (-um-) v. to urinate. Bawal
umihi dito. Its unlawful to urinate
here.
ihit n. t, convulsion (of laughter,
anger or weeping)
ilag umilag (-um-) v. to avoid, to
dodge, to keep o, to shun. Umilag
ako sa bola. I dodged the ball.
mangilag (mang-) v. to be cautious, to be wary, to keep away from.
Mangilag ka sa mga masamang tao.
Avoid the undesirable people.
il
alim n. bottom, space below or underneath adv. used with sa
il
an pron. some, several, a few
il
an int. how many?

51

imp
o
ilap mailap (ma-) adj. not tame,
wild
ilaw n. light, lamp
ilaw
an n. lamp [syn. l
ampara]
iling n. shaking of the head in denial
or disapproval
Ilok
ano/a n. a person from the Ilocos region (masculine/ feminine)
ilog n. river
il
ong n. nose
imb
ak mag-imbak, imbakin,
iimbak (mag-:-in, i-) v. to hoard, to
store away, to conserve. Nag-imbak
sila ng bigas. They are hoarding
rice.
imb
ento mag-imbento, imbentuhin, umimbento (mag-:-in, -um) v. to invent, to create. Si Edison
ang nag-imbento ng kamera. Edison
invented the camera.
imbestigasy
on Sp n. investigation
imbi adj. despicable, abject, mean
imbit
a mag-imbita, imbitahin
(mag-:-in) v. to invite (someone).
Imbitahin mo sila sa piyesta. Invite
them to the esta.
imbitasy
on Sp n. invitation [syn.
any
aya, kumbid
a]
imik umimik (-um-) v. to break
the silence, to talk, to answer, to reply. Hindi man lamang siya umimik.
She did not even talk.
imigrasy
on Sp n. immigration
imitasy
on Sp n. imitation
imp
ake
mag-impake,
impakihin (mag-:-in) v. to pack.
Nag-impake siya ng mga lumang
damit. He packed some old clothes.
impeksiy
on Sp n. infection
impit
mag-impit,
impitin
(mag:-in) v. to corner, to buy
up something to raise its price.
Nag-impit sila ng bigas para tumaas
ang presyo. They cornered rice so
that the price will go up.
implu
ensa Sp n. inuenza [syn.
trangk
aso]
imp
o Ch n. grandmother [syn. l
ola]
imp
ong (-ng) adj. a title for an old

imp
ok
woman used with a given name
imp
ok mag-impok, impukin
(mag-:-in) v. to save (usually
money). Kailangan nating magimpok ng pera. We need to save
money.
imporm
al Sp adj. informal
imposible adj. impossible
in
a n. mother [syn. in
ay, in
ang,
n
anang, n
anay]
inaan
ak n. godchild (term of reference)
inak
ay n. young of fowls
inahin n. egg-laying hen
inam mainam (ma-) adj. pleasant, tasty, good, exquisite, delicate
in
ang n. appellation for in
a, mother,
mama [syn. in
ay, n
anang]
inat mag-in
at, uminat (mag-,
-um-) v. to stretch (oneself). Naginat siya at naghikab dahil sa pagod.
He stretched himself and yawned
because of fatigue.
in
ay n. mother, mama
ind
ak umindak (-um-) v. to
dance (in time with the music).
Umindak ang mananayaw sa saliw
ng musika. The dancer danced to
the tune of music.
indulh
ensiya Sp n. indulgence (religion)
inhiny
ero n. engineer
in-in, inin adj. food fully cooked (as
rice) after having been kept over hot
coals for some time
inip mainip (ma-) v. to be bored,
to be impatient. Nainip ako sa kahihintay sa iyo. I got bored of waiting
for you.
inis mainis (ma-) v. to be
annoyed, to be disgusted, to be
exasperated. Nainis siya sa akin.
She got annoyed with me.
uminis, mang-inis, inisin (-um,
mang-:-in) v. to vex, to annoy, to
provoke, to exasperate. Huwag kang
mang-inis ng kapwa. Dont annoy
your fellowmen.
init n. heat, warmth, high tempera-

52

ingat
ture
mainit (ma-) adj. hot, warm
mag-init, initin (mag-:-in) v. to
heat (something). Nag-init si Marta
ng tubig para pampaligo. Marta is
heating water for bathing.
init (ang u
lo) mainit (ma-) adj.
short-tempered
inod
oro Sp n. water closet, toilet
in
om n. drinks, beverage
uminom, inumin (-um-:-in) v.
to drink (something), to take as of
medicine
mag-in
uman (mag-:-an) v. to have
a drinking spree. Nag-inuman ang
barkada sa tindahan. The gang is
having a drinking spree at the store.
ins
o Ch n. appellation for the wife of
an elder brother or male cousin
inspir
ado Sp adj. inspired
ins
ulto mainsulto (ma-) v. to be
insulted
mang-insulto, insultuhin (mang:-in) v. to insult, to embarrass.
Ininsulto ng pari si Ibarra sa harap
ng mga bisita. The priest insulted
Ibarra in front of the guests.
intelih
ente Sp adj. intelligent [syn.
matalino, mar
unong]
inter
es Sp n. 1 percentage of prot
or gain on a sum of money [syn.
t
ubo, pat
ubo ] 2 sympathetic feeling
3 desire to obtain or possess
intindi umintindi (-um-) v.
to understand, to comprehend.
Hindi siya marunong umintindi. He
cannot comprehend.
mag-intindi, intindihin (mag-:in) v. to take care of, to look after,
to attend to. Intindihin mo ang mga
kapatid mo. Attend to your brothers
(or sisters).
Intsik n. Chinese
in
util adj. useless, worthless
iny
o pron. you, yours (plural)
ingat Mal pag-iingat n. (pag-)
carefulness
maingat (ma-) adj. cautious,
careful

ingay
mag-ingat, pag-ing
atan (mag:pag-an) v. to take care of, to
safeguard, to exercise care. Nagiingat siyang mabuti sa sarili. She
takes good care of herself.
ingay n. noise, sound
maingay (ma-) adj. noisy
umingay (-um-) v. to become
noisy. Umingay ang kuwarto. The
room became noisy.
mag-ingay (mag-) v. to create
noise. Nag-ingay sila sa kalye. They
made a lot of noise in the street.
ingit n. whimper
ingk
ong n/adj. a title for an old
man used with or without a given
name, a reference to an old man,
grandfather
inggit mainggit (ma-) v. to become envious, to begrudge. Nainggit
siya sa akin. She was envious of
me.
mang-inggit, inggitin (mang:-in) v. to make others envious.
Nang-iinggit lang sila. Theyre just
making me envious.
Ingl
es, Inggl
es n/adj.
English,
English man
mag-Inggles, Ingglisin (mag-:-in)
v. to speak in English to (someone).
Ingglisin mo siya. Speak to him in
English.
Ingglisin (-in) v. to translate (a
passage or text into English). Ingglisin mo itong tulang ito. Translate
this poem into English.
ip
a n. cha or husk of palay
ipangan
ak v. to be born
ipil n. hardwood tree used in house
construction
ipis n. cockroach
ipit ipitin (-in) v. to crush. Huwag
mong ipitin ang kamay mo. Dont
crush your hand (e.g. on the car
door).
maipit (ma) v. to get caught in
between, to be clipped. Naipit siya
sa pinto. She got pinched in the
door [She (her hand, foot, etc.) got

53

isip
caught in the door].
mag-ipit (mag-) v. to clip, pin
(hair). Mag-ipit ka ng buhok. Pin
your hair in place.
mang-ipit, ipitin (mang-:-in, i-) v.
to clip, to clasp, to press, to catch
in between
ip
okrita Sp n. hypocrite
ipon mag-ipon, ip
unin (mag-:iin) v. to save, to collect, to put together, to hoard. Ipunin mo ang sahod mo. Save your salary.
ipot n. droppings of fowls and small
animals
ipu-ipo n. cyclone, tornado, whirlwind
irap umirap (-um-) v. to give
a sullen glance. Umirap siya nang
utusan ko. She just closed her eyes
and turned away when I made
my request. (She made a face and
turned away when I asked her to do
something for me.)
mang-irap, ir
apan (mang-:i-an) v.
Nang-irap na naman ang supladang
babae. That snobbish girl just closed
her eyes and turned away again.
(That snob did it again she made
a face at me and turned away.)
iri dem. this (that which is attached
or close to the person speaking)
[var. ire ]
ganir
e (ga-) adv. in this way or
manner
iri n. the act of muscular force in
moving the bowels
irog n. beloved, darling [syn. sint
a,
giliw ]
is
a num. one
is
a n/adv. next, as in sa isang
linggo, next week
isaw n. small intestine
iskapar
ate n. bookcase
iskiper n. T-shirt
iskult
or n. sculptor
isd
a n. sh
isip mag-isip, isipin (mag-:-in) v.
to think it over. Isipin mong mabuti
bago ka magdesisyon. You think it

isla
over carefully before you make your
decision. (Think it over carefully before you make up your mind.)
isla n. island
ist
adyum n. stadium
ist
ante n. shelf
ist
atuwa n. statue
ist
orya n. story [syn. kuwento]
istr
ayk mag-istrayk (mag-) v.
to strike against (an employer).
Mag-iistrayk ang empleyado ng
Safeway. Safeways employees will
go on strike.
istr
etser n. stretcher
istr
o n. straw
it
ak n. bolo, large knife, cutlass,
kitchen knife
It
alya Sp n. Italy
it
ay n. father (term of address and
reference) [syn. t
atay, Pap
a, It
ang]
iti n. dysentery
itik Mal n. species of duck that produces eggs made into bal
ot
itim adj. dark, black
itl
og n. egg
it
o dem. this, this one here [var. ire ]
dito here [var. dine]
h
eto here it is [var. eto]
nit
o of this [var. nire ]
iwan mag-iwan, iw
anan (mag:-an) v. to leave something behind.
Iwanan mo ang mga nahuli. Leave
the latecomers behind.
mang-iwan (mang-) v. Nang-iwan
siya ng kanyang mga kasama. He
left his companions behind.
iwas umiwas, iw
asan (-um-:-an)
v. to avoid. Umiwas ka sa sakuna.
Avoid accidents.
iwi pag-iiwi (pag-) n. taking care
of an animal (as pig, goat, cattle,
etc.) for someone else who is the real
owner
mag-iwi (mag-) v. to take care of
children or animal. Mag-iwi ka ng
anak niya. Take care of her child.
iy
ak umiy
ak (-um-) v. to cry.
Umiyak siya sa pag-alis ng nanay
niya. She cried when her mother

labatiba

54

left.
iy
an dem. that, that one there
diyan dem. there
hayan dem. there it is
niyan dem. of that
iy
o pron. your, yours (singular)
iy
on dem. that (yonder), that one
there
doon there, yonder
hayun there, yonder, it is
niyon of that, yonder [var. noon]

L
la
an nakalaan (naka-) adj.
reserved for, intended for, headed
for
lab
a maglaba, labh
an (mag-:-an)
v. to wash clothes, to launder. Labhan mo ang mga damit. Wash the
clothes.
lab
abo n. sink
lab
ag lumabag (-um-) v. to violate. Lumabag siya sa batas. He violated the law.
lab
aha n. straight razor
l
aban prep. against. Laban sa
kanya. Against him.
lumaban (-um-) v. to ght against.
Lumaban siya sa digmaan. He
fought in the war.
laband
era/o n.
laundrywoman,
laundryman
laban
os n. radish
labang
an n. tub or trough for feeding pigs and horses
lab
as n. outside, exterior, out-ofdoors
lumabas (-um-) v. to go out, to
exit, to act in a show, to come out.
Lumabas siya sa eskuelahan. He
came out of the school.
maglabas, ilabas (mag-:i-) to
take out something, to put out
something, to withdraw (money).
Ilabas mo ang plano. Bring out the
plan.
labatiba n. enema

l
abi
l
abi n. lip
labing prep. excess over the count of
ten as labing-
apat (fourteen) (from
labi + -ng)
labintad
or n. recracker
l
abis adj. surplus, excessive
labn
ot manglabnot, labnutin
(mang-:-in) v. pull out forcibly,
pluck, cut, unroot. Nilabnot ng
babae ang buhok ng kaaway. The
woman pulled out the hair of her
enemy.
l
abo malabo (ma-) adj. unclear,
vague, hazy
lumabo (-um-) v. to become
blurred. Lumabo ang kanyang
paningin.
His
vision
became
blurred.
lab
og adj. overcooked
lab
ong n. bamboo shoots
laborat
oryo Sp n. laboratory
lab
uyo n. wild chicken, jungle fowl
lab
uyo n. chili pepper
l
akad n. a persons destination
when preparing to make a trip or
when preparing to leave
lumakad (-um-) v. to walk, to leave
on a trip, to set out for. Lumakad
ka nang mabilis. Walk fast.
maglak
ad (mag-) to walk (not ride
in a vehicle), to walk frequently.
Maglakad na lang tayo. Lets just
walk.
ilakad, lak
arin (i-,-in) to peddle, to
take care of. Ilakad mo ang pagtaas
ng katungkulan ko sa kaniya. Have
him take care of my promotion.
makalakad (maka-) to be able to
walk
lak
as malakas (ma-) adj. strong,
powerful, loud. Malakas siyang
kumain. He is great at eating.
Tumawa siya nang malakas. He
laughed aloud.
lakb
ay maglakbay, lakbayin
(mag-:-in) v. to travel, to take
a trip. Maglakbay tayo sa buong
mundo. Lets travel around the
world.

55

lagkit
laki adj. big, large n. size n. high
tide
l
akip maglakip, ilakip (mag-:i-)
v. to enclose. Maglakip ka ng abuloy
mo sa sobre. Enclose your contribution in the envelope.
l
ako maglako, ilako (mag-:i-)
v. to peddle (merchandise). Ilako mo
ang tinda mo sa maraming tao. Peddle your wares where there are many
people.
laks
a Sk n. ten thousand
laks
ante Sp adj. laxative [syn.
purg
a]
lakt
aw n. omission of step after
making several consecutive ones
lumaktaw, laktaw
an (-um-:-an)
v. to skip or omit a few steps
in a series supposed to be done
consecutively. Linaktawan niya ang
tatlong pahina. He skipped the three
pages.
ladl
ad iladlad (i-) v. to unfurl.
Iladlad mo ang bandila. Unfurl the
ag.
l
aga maglaga, ilaga, lag
ain
(mag-:i-, -in) v. to boil food (sh,
meat, vegetables). Maglaga ka ng
manok. Boil some chicken.
l
agak maglagak (mag-) v. to
deposit. Maglagak ka ng pera sa
bangko. Deposit money in the bank.
lagal
ag adj. wandering, roving
lag
anap adj. scattered, well-known
lumaganap (-um-) v. to be scattered, to be well-known. Lumaganap
ang balita sa Presidente. The
news about the president became
well-known.
lag
ari n. saw
lag
as adj. fallen o, wilted
lag
ay lumagay (-um-) v. to put
oneself in a certain condition. Lumagay ka sa aking lugar. Put yourself in
my place.
ilagay (i-) to put, to place (something), to lay down something. Ilagay mo ang ulam sa kalan. Put the
main dish on the stove.

lagd
a
lagkit malagkit (ma-) adj. sticky
lagd
a n. signature
lagihay malagihay (ma-) adj.
somewhat dry, semi-dry
lagim n. 1 gloom [syn. lumb
ay,
lungk
ot] 2 dread, terror [syn.
pangamb
a, t
akot]
lagitik n. creak, creaking
lagl
ag malaglag (ma-) v. to fall.
Nalaglag ang manggang hinog. The
ripe mango fell.
lagm
ak adj. helplessly prostrate
lagn
at n. fever
lag
o malago (ma-) adj. luxuriant, bushy
lag
ok lagukin (-in) v. to gulp.
Linagok niya ang tubig. He gulped
down the water.
lag
ot malagot (ma-) v. to
snap. Nalagot ang lubid. The rope
snapped.
lagp
ak lumagpak (-um-) v. to
fall. Lumagpak ang mangga. The
mango fell.
maglagpak, ilagpak (mag-:i-) to
fail, to drop. Ilagpak mo siya sa
klase mo. Fail him in your class.
Maglagpak ka ng estudyanteng
tamad. Fail lazy students.
lag
usan n. mountain pass
l
ahad ilahad (i-) v. to present.
Ilahad mo ang katotohanan. Present
the truth.
lah
at pron. all adj. all, everyone,
everything
l
ahi n. race
lah
ok n. an ingredient
maglahok (mag-) v. to add to
a mixture. Naglahok siya ng ampalaya sa kanyang luto. She added
bittermelon to her cooking.
lah
ok n. entry in a contest
lumahok (-um-) v. to be a contestant. Gusto mo bang lumahok sa timpalak? Do you want to be a contestant in the contest.
lal
a malala (ma-) adj. serious,
grave (illness)
lal
aki n. man, male adj. male

56

lamp
as
lalam
unan n. throat
lalawigan n. province
l
alim malalim (ma-) adj. deep
l
alo adj. more, excessive, especially,
very. Lalo na kung madilim ang
gabi... Especially when the night is
dark...
lam
an n. meat, contents
l
amang only. Isa lamang ang
mansanas na natira. Only one apple
is left.
lam
ang n. advantage over others
manglamang, lamang
an (mang-:an) v. to take advantage of others.
Linamangan na naman niya ako. He
took advantage of me again.
l
amas maglamas, lam
asin (mag:-in) v. to mash or crush with hand,
to make dirty. Huwag mong lamasin
ang tinda ko. Dont mash my goods
for sale.
manglamas, lam
asin (mang-:-in)
to mash or crush with hand, to make
dirty. Nanglamas siya ng mga prutas. He squashed the fruits.
l
amat n. slight crack, especially of
glass
l
amay n. funeral wake, vigil
maglamay, lam
ayin (mag-:-in)
v. to keep vigil, to stay awake all
night. Lalamayin ko ang trabaho ko.
Ill stay up late with my work.
lamb
ak n. valley
lamb
at n. net
lambing maglambing (mag-)
v. to caress, to show fondness,
aection, tenderness. Naglambing
siya sa nanay niya. He showed
aection for his mother.
lamb
ot malambot (ma-) adj.
soft, tender
lamig malamig (ma-) adj. cold,
chilly, cool
lam
ok n. mosquito
lam
og adj. bruised, soften by overhandling
lamp
a Ch adj. awkward and
unsteady, unsure of footing
l
ampara n. lamp

lampin
lamp
as adj. 1 excessive, too much
[syn. l
abis, masy
ado, higit] 2 beyond
limits, reaching beyond, penetrating
beyond 3 passing ahead of
lampin n. diaper
lam
ukot n. eshy part of the fruit
sticking to seeds
lamy
a n. cozy or caressive manner
of talking
l
ana n. wool
land
as n. path, beaten path, trail
[syn. da
an]
landi adj. irtatious [syn. kiri, balihand
a, talandi, landit]
lans
a malansa (ma-) adj. stench
or taste of sh, shy taste
lans
ag adj. dismantled, broken into
pieces (machinery or the like)
lans
angan n. street (in general
sense)
lans
ones n. lanzones
lant
a adj. wilted, withered, faded
(decayed)
lant
ad adj. in full view, exposed
lantik n. graceful bend or curve (of
eyelashes, hips, etc.)
malantik (ma-) adj. long, curved
(eyelashes)
lant
od adj. women indelicately
dressed, or prone to be so, loose
l
antsa Sp n. launch
lang part. only, just, representing
little value, shorten form of lamang
l
angaw n. y, housey
langk
a n. jackfruit [var. nangk
a ]
langg
am n. ant
langib n. scab of wounds
langis n. oil
malangis (ma-) adj. oily
l
angit n. sky, heavens
langitngit n. shrill, creaking sound
(produced by rusty hinges or the
rubbing of the bamboo stalks, oor
boards, etc., against each other)
lang
o adj. tipsy, drunk [syn. lasing]
lang
oy lumangoy, languyin
(-um-:-in) v. to swim. Lumangoy
siya sa ilog. He swam the river.
la
on adj. old, as grains and cereals

57

lar
o
[syn. matand
a, antigo]
l
aon n. long time [syn. tag
al ]
la
os adj. antiquated, outdated, obsolete
l
apa paglapa (pag-) n. butchering, quartering (of animals)
lap
ain (-in) v. to butcher, slaughter.
Linapa niya ang baka. He butchered
the cow.
l
apad n. width
malapad (ma-) adj. wide
lap
ag maglapag, ilapag (mag-:i) v. to lay on oor or ground level.
Ilapag mo ang palanggana. Put the
basin on the oor (ground).
lapast
angan adj. irreverent, disrespectful, discourteous
l
apat adj. adjusted, t
maglapat, ilapat (mag-:i-) v. to
adjust, to t. Ilapat mo ang pinto.
Adjust the door.
l
apida Sp n. gravestone (with
inscription)
lapir
ot adj. mussed, crumpled (by
tips of ngers)
l
apis n. pencil
lapis
ak adj. crushed, broken as eggs,
fruits, tomatoes or the like
l
apit malapit (ma-) adj. near,
close
lumapit (-um-) v. to approach or
to go near. Lumapit ka sa akin.
Come near me.
maglapit (mag-) to assume positions near to each other. Maglapit
kayo. Stay close together.
maglapit, ilapit (mag-:i-) to take
something close to someone. Ilapit
mo ang silya sa kaniya. Move the
chair close to him.
l
apu-l
apu n. spotted rock bass or
species of sh
lar
awan n. picture, portrait [syn.
litr
ato]
ilarawan (i-) v. to describe (someone or something), to portray. Maari
mo bang ilarawan ang mandurukot?
Can you describe the pickpocket?
lar
o n. game

l
aruan
maglaro (mag-) v. to play (a
game). Maglaro kayo sa silong. Play
in the basement.
laruin (-in) to play with. Laruin
mo ang bata. Play with the child.
l
aruan n. playground
laru
an n. toy, plaything
l
asa n. taste
malasa (ma-) adj. spicy, tasty
lumasa, las
ahin (-um-:-in) v. to
taste, to have taste of. Ikaw ang
lumasa ng ulam. You taste the dish.
las
ap Sk n. ne taste, enjoyable
taste
lumasap, lasapin (-um-:-in) v. to
relish the taste of the food, to enjoy
(something). Lasapin mo ang simoy
ng hangin. Inhale (with relish) the
(fresh) air.
las
eta Sp n. pocket knife [var.
lanseta]
lasing adj. drunk, intoxicated
l
aso Sp n. ribbon
l
astiko Sp n. elastic rubber band
l
ata n. tin, can
l
atak n. residue, dregs, sediment (of
liquids)
l
atag maglatag, ilatag (mag-:i-)
v. to spread out, to unfold and lay
on the ground. Maglatag ka ng banig.
Roll out the mat.
l
atay Ch n. swollen lash or whip
marks on the skin, welt
latian n. swamp
latik n. scum of coconut milk
l
atiko n. whip
l
awa n. lake, pool, lagoon
l
awak n. area
malawak (ma-) adj. vast, very spacious
l
away n. saliva
l
awin n. hawk
lawit lumawit (-um-) v. to
dangle, to hang down, to suspend.
Lumawit ang dila ng aso. The dogs
tongue hung down.
maglawit, ilawit (mag-:i-) to
dangle, to hang down, to suspend,
to dangle (something). Maglawit ka

58

lib
ang
ng lubid. Dangle the rope.
lawr
el n. bay leaf
l
aya n. freedom
malaya (ma-) adj. free, emancipated, independent
lay
ag maglayag (mag-) v. to
sail away, to rove. Madalas siyang
maglayag. He roves most of the
time.
l
ayas lumayas (-um-) v. to go
away, to run away. Lumayas siya
kahapon. He ran away yesterday.
maglay
as (mag-) to travel around
in vagabondage or wanderlust.
Mahilig siyang maglayas. He loves
to wander.
l
ayaw n. freedom
l
ayo malayo (ma-) adj. far
distance
lumayo (-um-) v. to stay or keep
away. Lumayo ang mga kaibigan
niya sa kaniya. His friends kept
away from him.
maglay
o, ilay
o (mag-:i-) to separate, to put something away from
the reach of someone. Ilayo mo ang
baso sa bata. Put the glass out of
the childs reach.
l
ayon n. purpose, aim
laybr
aryan n. librarian
lebad
ura Sp n. yeast
leksiy
on Sp n. lesson
le
eg n. neck
leg
al adj. lawful
l
ente Sp n. lens, ashlight, ood
lights
lent
ehas Sp n. lentils
le
on Sp n. lion [var. liy
on]
l
etra Sp n. alphabetic character, letter
lib
ag n. dirt of the skin
liban prep.
except. Liban na
lamang sa ilan. Except only for a
few. n. omission adj. absent
(non-attendance)
lib
ang maglibang (mag-) v. to
nd some kind of recreation, to
provide distraction, amusement, or
entertainment. Maglibang ka at baka

Liber
al
ka maloko. Get some recreation or
you might crack up.
manglibang, libangin (mang-:-in)
to entertain, to provide distraction, amusement or entertainment.
Libangin mo ang mga nag-aantay.
Entertain those who are waiting.
Liber
al n. Liberal Party (a major
political party in the Philippines)
libing n. burial, internment
maglibing, ilibing (mag-:i-) v.
to inter, to bury. Inilibing nila ang
patay. They buried the dead.
libingan n. cemetery
libis n. slope, hillside, valley
liblib n. hidden or infrequented
place
libo num. a unit of thousand
libog kalib
ugan (ka-an) n. lust,
lascivious
libot lumibot (-um-) v. to go
around, to wander. Lumibot siya sa
paligid ng bahay. He went around
the outside of the house.
maglib
ot (mag-) to go around, to
wander. Maglibot ka sa bayan. Go
around the town.
libre Sp adj. free, gratis, free of responsibility
libr
o n. book [syn. akl
at]
lik
as adj. natural, native, inborn, innate
likh
a lumikha (-um-) v. to create. Lumikha si Nena ng malaking
gulo. Nena created great confusion.
likido adj. liquid
lik
o lumiko (-um-) v. to turn, to
curve, to bend. Lumiko ang kotse sa
kanan. The car turned to the right.
magliko,iliko (mag-:i-) to turn
something. Iliko mo ang kotse sa
kaliwa. Turn the car to the left.
lik
od n. back adj. back, rear, behind adv. at the back, used with
sa
lik
ot malikot (ma-) adj. restless,
dgety, wriggly, mischievous
liksi maliksi (ma-) adj. fast, active

59

lihis
liksy
on n. lesson
lider n. leader
lig
alig n. trouble, perturbation, preoccupation, bother adj. perturbed,
bothered, disturbed
ligaw n. courtship
lumigaw (-um) v. to court, to woo.
Lumigaw siya sa magandang dalaga.
He courted a beautiful girl.
manligaw, iligaw (mang-:i-) to
court, to woo. Lagi siyang nanliligaw
ng mga babae. He is always courting
girls.
lig
aw maligaw (ma-) v. to get
lost, to stray. Naligaw siya sa
lunsod. He got lost in the city.
manligaw, iligaw (mang-:i-) to
guide to the wrong way. Iniligaw
ng tsuper ang pasahero. The driver
took the passengers the wrong way.
lig
aya maligaya (ma-) adj.
happy, merry
ligid adj. surrounded
ligo paligo (pa-) n. bathing
p
aliguan (pa-an) n. bathroom,
bathing place
maligo (ma-) v. to take a bath
or shower, to bathe. Naligo siya sa
ilog. He went for a dip in the river.
ligpit ligpitin (-in) v. to clear, to
put away (something). Ligpitin mo
ang mga laruan. Put away the toys.
ligt
a makaligtaan (maka-an) v.
to omit or neglect inadvertently.
Nakaligtaan niyang isusi ang bahay.
He forgot to lock up the house.
ligt
as magligtas, iligtas (mag-:i) v. to save, to free. Iligtas mo po
siya. Please help him.
liha n. division of an orange fruit, a
slice
liham n. letter [syn. s
ulat]
lihi maglihi, paglihih
an (mag:pag-an) v. to show rst signs of
pregnancy. Naglihi siya sa mangga.
She craved for mangoes (because
she is conceiving).
lihim n. secret
lihis lumihis (-um-) v. to detour,

liit
to deviate from. Lumihis ang kotse
sa putik. The car drove around the
mud.
maglihis, ilihis (mag-:i-) to deviate
something from. Ilihis mo ang kotse
sa mga bato. When driving the car
avoid the rocks.
liit maliit (ma-) adj. small, little
lila adj. violet, lavender [syn. u
be]
lilim n. shade
lilip n. hemming (stitched, as on
cloth)
lilis maglilis, ililis (mag-:i-) v. to
pull up the skirt or trousers, to roll
up the sleeves. Naglilis siya ng damit
dahil sa mataas ang tubig. She pulled
up her skirt because of the high water.
lilo adj.
unfaithful,
disloyal,
traitorous [syn. taksil, traid
or ]
lim
a num. ve
limb
ag maglimbag, limbagin,
ilimbag (mag-:-in, i-) v. to print,
to write in block letters. Linimbag
nila ang bagong libro. They printed
the new book.
lim
os n. alms
maglimos, limus
an (mag-:an) v.
to give alms. Limusan mo siya ng
kaunting baryang nasa mesa. Give
him the remaining change (alms) on
the table.
magpalimos (magpa-) v. to beg,
to ask for alms. Nagpalimos ang
pulubi. The beggar begged for alms.
limot lumimot, lim
utin (-um:-in) v. to forget. Lumimot siya
sa aming usapan. He forgot our
agreement.
kalim
utan (ka-an) v. to forget.
Huwag mong kalimutan ang bilin
ko. Dont forget my instruction.
limpiyab
ota n.
bootblack,
shoeshine boy
limun
ada Sp n. lemonade
linamn
am n.
deliciousness,
exquisiteness of taste or savor
malinamnam (ma-) adj. delicious
linaw malinaw (ma-) adj. clear

60

lislis
lind
ol n. earthquake, tremor
lumindol (-um-) v. to shake (as in
an earthquake). Lumindol sa Pilipinas. There was an earthquake in the
Philipines.
linya Sp n. line [syn. g
uhit]
linis malinis (ma-) adj. clean
maglinis, linisin (mag-:-in) v. to
clean. Linisin mo ang bahay. Clean
the house.
lint
a n. leech
lintik n. lightning
linga n. sesame seeds
lingk
od maglingkod, paglingkur
an
(mag-:pag-an) v. to serve, to give or
oer service. Maglingkod ka sa mga
nangangailangan. Help those who
are in need.
Lingg
o n. 1 Sunday 2 week
lingg
o-lingg
o adv. every week,
weekly
lingid adj. hidden, not known,
secret
lip
ad lumipad, liparin (-um-:-in)
v. to y. Lumipad ang ibon sa isang
puno. The bird ew to a tree.
lip
as adj. out of fashion, obsolete,
faded
lumipas (-um-) v. to lapse, to come
to pass. Lumipas ang mahabang
panahon. A long time passed.
lipat lumipat (-um-) v. to
transfer, to move to another place.
Lumipat na siya ng bahay. He moved
to a dierent house.
maglipat, ilipat (mag-:i-) v. to
transfer, to move to another place.
Ilipat mo ang aking mga kasangkapan. Transfer my possessions.
lipistik n. lipstick
lipon n. crowd, gathering, meeting
[syn. p
ulong, miting, l
upon]
lip
unan n. society in general (from
lipon)
liryo n. lily
lis
a n. nit, eggs of lice
liso adj. plain, unadorned
lislis adj. rolled up or blown up
showing what is covered (usually

lista
skirts) [var. lilis]
list
a maglista, ilista (mag-:i-) v.
to list down. Maglista ka ng iyong
mga kailangan. Make a list of the
things you need.
listo Sp adj. clever, quick, prompt
lit
aw lumitaw (-um-) v. to
emerge, to become visible. Lumitaw
ang kanyang mga tagihawat. His
pimples came out.
maglitaw, ilitaw (mag-:i-) to bring
out. Ilitaw mo ang iyong tunay na
pagkatao. Bring out your own true
nature. (Be yourself.)
litid n. ligament
lit
o manglito, lituhin (mang:-in) v. to confuse. Huwag mong
lituhin ang bumibilang. Dont
confuse the one who is counting.
litr
ato n. picture, photograph [syn.
lar
awan]
litro n/qnt. liter
litsiyas Ch n. cherimoyer, lychees
lits
on n. roast pig (usually a whole
roasted pig)
lits
ugas Sp n. lettuce
liw
anag maliwanag (ma-) adj.
bright, clear, distinct
liwayw
ay n. dawn
liy
ab magliyab, lumiyab (mag-,
-um-) v. to blaze. Lumiyab ang
kusina. The kitchen was ablaze with
re. Nagliyab ang panggatong. The
rewood was ablaze.
liy
abe n. wrench
liy
ad adj. bent backward with stomach protruding
liy
empo n. a large cut or piece of
meat
l
obo n. balloon
lok
al adj. local, not imported
l
oko/a adj. crazy, insane, mad (masculine/ feminine)
maloko (ma-) v. to become crazy, to
crack up, to be madly inclined to do
something. Maglibang ka at baka ka
maloko. Have some fun or you may
get crazy.
l
ola n. grandmother (term of address

61

lugl
og
and reference)
l
olo n. grandfather (term of address
and reference)
l
omo n. tenderloin
longganisa Sp n. pork sausage
lo
ob n. interior, internal part, the inside of something adv. used with
sa, inside, within
lo
ok n. bay, gulf
l
oro n. parrot
l
oryat Ch n. sumptuous dinner with
a great number of Chinese dishes
lubh
a malubha (ma-) adj. serious, grave, very ill
l
ubid n. rope
lub
og adj. submerged
lumubog (-um-) v. to sink, to
submerge. Lumubog ang bapor. The
boat sank.
maglubog, ilubog (mag-:i-) to
sink, to submerge. Huwag mo siyang
ilubog sa ilog. Dont submerge him
in the river.
lub
os adv. total, entire, completely,
absolutely
luk
ot adj. wrinkled, creased
luks
a adj. in mourning, in black
luks
o lumukso, luksuhin (-um-:in) v. to jump, to hop. Luksuhin mo
ang bakod. Jump over the fence.
luku-luk
o adj. crazy [var. l
oko]
l
uga n. pus in ear
lug
ar n. place [var. lug
al ]
lug
as adj. fallen o, as grains from
the stable, hair
l
ugaw n. porridge, gruel, watery rice
l
ugay nakalugay (naka-) adj.
long hair hanging loosely or freely
l
ugi n. loss in a business transaction
malugi (ma-) v. to lose in a business deal. Nalugi ang negosyo niya.
His business is in the red.
lugihin (-in) v. to cause someone
to lose in a business deal. Huwag
mo akong lugihin sa aking paninda.
Dont let me lose in my sales.
lugl
og Ch n. a kind of noodle which
is dipped in boiling stock
iluglog (i-) v. to rinse clothes by

lugm
ok
shaking in the water [syn. banl
aw ].
Iluglog mo ang damit sa mainit na
tubig. Rinse the clothes in hot water.
lugm
ok adj. helplessly prostrate
lug
o adj. extremely weak due to
sickness (fowls and birds)
l
uha n. tears
magpaluha, paluhain (mag-:pain) v. to make someone cry or weep
or burst into tears. Tigilan mo na
ang magpaluha ng babae. Stop making the girls cry.
l
ula pagkal
ula (pagka-) n. vertigo, seasickness [syn. hilo, liy
o]
mal
ula (ma-) v. to be dizzy due
to seasickness or airsickness. Nalula
siya sa bapor. He got seasick in the
boat.
l
ulan lumulan (-um-) v. to load,
to ride. Lumulan siya sa tren. He
rode a train.
maglulan, ilulan (mag-:i-) to load,
to ride. Maglulan ka ng mga gulay sa
trak. You load the vegetables on the
truck.
lul
od n. shin
lul
on lumulon, lulunin (-um-:in) v. to swallow. Lumulon siya ng
buto ng santol. He swallowed the
seed of the santol.
malulon (ma-) v. to swallow
(accidentally). Nalulon ng bata ang
imperdible. The child swallowed a
safety pin.
maglulon, lulunin, ilulon (mag-:in, i-) v. to roll up as paper money,
mat or the like. Ilulon mo ang banig.
Roll up the mat.
l
uma adj. old, not new, antiquated
(used for objects)
lumb
ay n.
sadness,
downcast
feeling, loneliness [syn. lungk
ot]
lumpiy
a Ch n. meat, shrimps
and/or vegetables packed in rice
starch wrapper
l
umot n. moss
lump
o adj. crippled, partially or
completely paralyzed
l
unas n. remedy, cure

62

l
usob
lund
ag lumundag, lundagin
(-um-:-in) v. to leap, to jump.
Lumundag si Kardo sa bintana.
Kardo jumped out of the window.
L
unes n. Monday
lun
ok lumunok (-um-) v. to swallow. Lumunok siya bago magsalita.
She swallowed before she spoke.
lunukin (-in) v. to swallow.
Lunukin mo ang gamot. Swallow
the medicine.
l
unod lun
urin (-in) v. to overcome, to drown (someone or
something). Lunurin mo sa alak ang
iyong sama ng loob. Drown your
hurt feelings in drink.
malunod (ma-) v. to drown.
Nalunod si Josefa. Josefa drowned.
lun
ot adj. softened, overripe, referring to fruits
luns
ad luns
aran (-an) n. pier, unloading port
luns
od n. city
lungk
ot adj. sad, unhappy
malungkot (ma-) v. to become sad
lungg
a n. hole for rats
l
upa n. earth soil, land, earth,
ground, ground oor, downstairs
lup
alop n. any far away place
lupayp
ay adj. with the wings or
limbs weakened and drooping
lupi n. fold, folding [syn. tupi,
tikl
op]
nakalupi (naka-) adj. folded
lupig adj. vanquished, subjugated,
conquered
lupit malupit (ma-) adj. cruel
l
upon n. committee, commission
lur
a n. sputum
lumura, ilura (-um-:i-) v. to spit.
Lumura siya sa tabi ng daan. He
spat on the side of the road.
manlura (mang-) v. to spit.
Nanlura siya sa mga nagdaraan. He
spat on the passers-by.
lur
ay adj. mangled, destroyed
lusl
os n. (Med) hernia, rupture
adj. fallen, hanging down
l
usob lumusob (-um-) v. to

l
usog
attack, to assault. Lumusob ang
mga masasamang loob sa bayan.
The bandits attacked the town.
manlusob, lusubin (mang-:-in) v.
to attack, to assault. Linusob nila
ang mga kaaway. They assaulted
their enemies.
l
usog malusog (ma-) adj. healthy
lus
ong n. mortar (for pounding rice)
lus
ot lumusot (-um-) v. to pass
through, to penetrate, to overtake.
Lumusot ang paa niya sa butas. His
foot passed through the opening.
maglusot, ilusot (mag-:i-) to
smuggle. Inilusot nila ang mga
kontrabando. They smuggled the
contraband goods through.
l
utang n. buoy
lut
ang adj. oating, adrift
lumutang (-um-) v. to rise above
the surface (of liquids). Lumutang
ang bangkay sa ilog. The corpse
oated in the river.
lut
as adj. 1 nished, terminated
[syn. tap
os, y
ari, gan
ap] 2 solved
lut
o adj. cooked
magluto, lutuin, iluto (mag-:-in,
i-) to cook. Magluto ka ng adobo.
Cook adobo.
lut
ong malutong (ma-) adj.
crisp, brittle
luw
a adj. bulging, sticking or
protruding out
lumuwa (-um-) v. to bulge, to
stick out, to protrude. Lumuwa ang
mata ni Toni sa inggit. Tonis eyes
bulged out with envy.
magluwa, iluwa (mag-:i-) v. to
belch out, to spit out. Iluwa mo ang
buto ng kinakain mo. Spit out the
seeds of what youre eating.
luw
ag adj. loose
luw
al magluwal, iluwal (mag-:i-)
v. to give birth. Nagluwal si Teria ng
kambal. Terry gave birth to twins.
luwalh
ati n. glory
luw
ang (ma-)
maluwang adj. loose
luw
as lumuwas (-um-) v. to go

madrina

63

from town to city. Lumuwas siya sa

Maynila. She went to Manila (from
the province).
magluwas, iluwas (mag-:i-) v. to
take to the city. Iniluwas niya ang
kanyang panauhin sa Maynila. He
brought his visitor to Manila.
luw
at maluwat (ma-) adj. long
(in time), slow. Maluwat matutuhan.
Takes a long time to learn. Natutulog
ako ng maluwat. I sleep long (hours).
adv. for a long time
l
uya n. ginger
luyl
oy adj. hanging loosely

M
ma- indicates the possessor of a quality, ma- derivatives occasionally occur with absolute instead of conjugative complements
maa
ari pv. to make something
possible, may, possibly, can. Maaari
kang magtagumpay. You can become
successful.
mab
olo n. velvet apple
maka- a verb prex meaning ability,
permission or opportunity to act, an
adjective prex meaning for or in
favor of. maka-Rizal. For Rizal.
makahiy
a n. Mimosa pudica
makapag- pref. a verb prex meaning to have the chance or opportunity to do
makapun
o n. freak coconut full of
soft meat
maki- an actor-focus verb prex
which indicates a request, its
goal-focus counterpart is paki
m
akina n. sewing machine, machine
makin
arya Sp n. machinery
makinilya n. typewriter
makita v. to happen to see
mak
opa n. mountain apple
madaling-
araw n. dawn, sunrise
madl
a n. the public, all the people
m
adre n. nun
madrina Sp n. female sponsor at

madyong
baptism, conrmation, wedding, or
special celebration [syn. ninang]
mady
ong Ch n. the game of
mahjong
ma
estro/a n. teacher (masculine/
feminine)
mag
a adj. swollen v. to become
swollen
m
agasin n. magazine
magk
ano int. question word that
means how much
magkasing adv. of equal quality,
as...as, same as
maging v. 1 to be, to become 2
transient (active) particle word
or phrase modied is something
coming into being, arising at the
time specied by the tense-form of
the particle. Siya ay naging hukom.
He became a judge. Naging bantog
siya sa buong bayan. He became
famous throughout the whole town.
magn
eto n. magnet
magsasak
a n. farmer
mag
ulang n. parents (term of reference)
mah
al adj. dear, loved, costly,
noble, well-esteemed, expensive
magmaghal, mahalin (mag-:-in)
v. to hold dear, to love. Mahalin mo
ang iyong mga magulang. Love your
parents.
mais n. corn
malagkit n. glutinous rice, a species
of rice which is sticky when cooked
adj. sticky
mal
aman v. to know
m
alas Sp n. bad luck [syn. wal
ang
suwerte, buwisit]
mal
asin (-in) v. to suer bad luck.
Minalas siya sa sabungan kahapon.
He had bad luck at the cockpit yesterday.
malas
akit n. solicitude, protective
concern
malas
ado Sp
adj.
half-cooked,
cooked rare (or medium rare),
soft-boiled (eggs)
mal
at n. hoarseness [syn. pa
os]

64

manibal
ang
m
alay n. knowledge, conciousness,
awareness
mal
eta n. luggage
mali kamalian (ka-an) n. a blunder, a mistake, error adj. wrong
malungg
ay n. horseradish tree
m
ama n. mister
mamay
a adv. after a while, soon,
later on, as in mamayang gabi, later
this evening
m
amamayan n. citizen
mam
on Sp n. a kind of sponge cupcake
man pron. with the interrogative
pronouns sino, kanino, ano, alin,
kailan, saan, etc. : ever, as, sino man
whoever; sa kanino man, whomever;
ano man, whatever; alin man,
whichever; kailan man, whenever;
saan man, wherever; magkano man,
whatever the cost (price); paano
man whatever the manner, etc
adv. 1 also, too. Ako man. I, too.
2 with lamang denotes minimum
act or the least to do. Magluto ka
man lamang sana. The least you
could do is cook. conj. although,
despite. Matalino ka man ay dapat
ka ring mag-aral. Although you are
intelligent (you) need to study.
m
ana n. heritage, inheritance
magmana, man
ahin (mag-:-in) v.
to inherit, to receive as inheritance,
to take after. Nagmana si Crisanta
sa kanyang ama. Crisanta inherited
her feature from her father.
manan
ayaw n. dancer
man
as n. beriberi
manatili v. to stay, be permanent
mandal
a n. haystack, stack of
palay
m
ando Sp n. command [syn. u
tos]
man
eho magmaneho, maneh
uin
(mag-:-in) v. to drive (a car), to
manage. Magmaneho ka ng kotse.
Drive a car.
manhid n. cramp, numbness adj.
numb
mani n. peanut

manika
manibal
ang adj.
almost
ripe,
nearly ripe
manika n. doll
manikurista n. manicurist
m
anidyer n. manager, employer,
boss
manlal
apa n. butcher
m
ano magmano (mag-) v. to kiss
an elders hand in respect or greeting. Magmano ka sa iyong lola. Kiss
the hand of your grandmother.
man
ok n. chicken
mans
anas n. apple
mansanilya n. chrysanthemum
mant
el n. table cloth
mantika n. shortening, lard
mantik
ado adj. buttered
mantikilya n. butter
mants
a n. stain
man
ugang n. daughter-in-law or
son-in-law (term of reference)
m
anunulat n. writer
mang adj. a title of respect used
with the rst name of a man,
contracted form of mama, mister.
Mamang Pedro becomes Mang
Pedro
m
angangalakal n. businessman
m
anganganta n. singer
mangang
atay n. butcher
mangk
ok n. bowl
mangg
a n. mango
manggag
amot n. doctor
manggag
awa n. laborer
mangg
as n. sleeve
manggustin n. mangosteen
manghuh
ula n. fortune-teller
mangingisd
a n. sherman
mangm
ang adj. illiterate, ignorant,
stupid
mangung
ulot n. hairdresser, beautician
mangy
ari conj. because v. to happen
ma
ong n. denim
map n. mop
m
apa n. map
mar
ahil adv. perhaps
mar
alita adj. poor, indigent (from

65

m
aya-maya
d
alita) [syn. dukh
a ]
mar
ami adj. much, many, lots of,
plentiful
mark
a magmarka (mag-) v. to
mark, to stamp. Nagmarka ang
sampal niya. His slap left a mark.
margarin n. margarine
margarita n. zinnia (a kind of
ower)
marino n. serviceman in the navy or
the marines
marip
osa Sp n. buttery [syn. parupar
o]
marm
ol n. marble
M
arso n. March
Mart
es n. Tuesday
martilyo n. hammer
martir Sp n. martyr
m
artsa Sp n. march
magmartsa (mag-) v. to march.
Nagmartsa siya sa parada. He
marched in the parade.
mas adv. more, as in mas maganda,
more beautiful
m
asa Sp n. dough
mas
ahe n. massage
magmasahe, masahiin (mag-:-in)
v. to give a massage
mas
etas Sp n. potted plants, plants
in vases
maset
era Sp n. ower pot, ower
vase
mask
ada Sp n. nutmeg
masid
magmasid,
masd
an
(mag-:-an) v. to observe closely, to
look at searchingly. Magmasid ka
ng mga paligid mo. Observe your
surroundings.
m
aso n. mallet, large hammer
masust
ansiya adj. nutritious
masy
ado adv. very, exceedingly
mat
a n. eye
matad
ero Sp n. slaughterhouse
matad
or Sp n. bullghter
mata-p
obre adj. snobbish
matsing n. monkey [syn. ungg
oy]
may part. to have, there is (are), to
possess
m
aya n. sparrow

maybahay
m
aya-m
aya n. malabar red snapper
mayb
ahay n. wife (term reference)
M
ayo n. May
mayon
esa n. mayonnaise
mayro
on part. there is, there exist,
to have (something), to possess
mek
aniko n. mechanic
med
alya Sp n. medal
medida n. tape measure
medisina Sp n. medicine
m
edya
agwa n. awning
m
edyas n. socks, stockings
m
edyo adv. somewhat, slightly, soso
mel
on Sp n. melon, cantaloupe
m
enos adj. less, of less degree or
value, lacking, minus
mensah
ero Sp n. messenger
meri
enda n. snack
magmerienda (mag-) v. to have
snacks, to take a snack
m
esa n. table
mestisa adj. person of mixed blood
usually of Spanish-Filipino mixture
m
etro n. meter, unit of length of the
metric system
m
eyor n. mayor of a city or town
mga part. (pronoun mang
a) particle
that pluralizes count nouns. Mga
guro Teachers
miki Ch n. noodle made from saline
wheat dough
mikr
obyo Sp n. microbe, germ, bacterium
mikr
opono Sp n. microphone [syn.
mayk (from mike English slang)]
mikrosk
opyo Sp n. microscope
Mi
erkoles n.
Wednesday
[var.
Miyerkoles]
mil
agro Sp n. miracle [syn. himal
a ]
milya Sp n. mile
mily
on Sp n. million [syn.
angaw ]
milyon
aryo n. millionaire
miner
al n. mineral
minind
al n. snack
ministro n. minister
minsan adv. once, once in a while
misa n. mass
magmisa (mag-) v. to say mass.

66

m
ulat
Nagmisa ang pare sa patay. The
priest said mass for the dead.
mismo pron. self. Siya mismo. He,
himself.
mistery
oso/a adj
(masculine/
feminine). mysterious
miswa n. ne wheat noodle
misyon
aryo n. missionary
miting n. a meeting
magmiting (mag-) v. to have a
meeting. Nagmiting ang kandidato
sa plasa. The candidate had a
meeting at the plaza.
Miy
erkoles n. Wednesday
mo pron. you, your, second person
singular personal pronoun which is
a member of the ng set of pronouns
m
oda Sp n. fashion, style [syn.
istilo]
mod
elo Sp n. model
mod
erno/a adj (masculine/ feminine). modern
modista n. modiste, dressmaker,
seamstress, dress shop
m
odo Sp n. manners, civility [syn.
asal, ug

ali ]
mol
abe n. molave tree
m
ongha n. nun
mork
on Sp n. a kind of meat dish, a
meat roll stued with olives, pickles,
sausage, hard boiled eggs
mor
ena/o Sp adj. brown color,
brown-skin (feminine/ masculine)
[syn.
kayumanggi,
kulay-kape,
kast
anyo]
m
oro/a Sp n. moor, Mohammedan,
Moslem (masculine/ feminine) [syn.
Muslim]
mort
al Sp adj. having the quality of
dying or ending, fatal
motorsiklo n. motorcycle
mukh
a n. face adv. seemingly,
looks like, appears like [var. muk
a ]
mukm
ok magmukmok (mag-) v.
to sulk. Huwag kang magmukmok sa
sulok. Dont sulk in the corner.
mul
a conj. ever since, since prep.
from, derived from simul
a, starting
with or starting from

muli
m
ulat magmulat, imulat (mag:i-) v. to open ones eyes, to educate,
to nurture. Imulat mo ang iyong mga
mata. Open your eyes.
muli adv. again, once more, once
again
mult
a n. ne, penalty
magmulta, imulta (mag-:i-) v.
to pay a ne. Nagmulta siya nang
malaki. He paid a heavy ne.
mult
o n. ghost
m
umo n. particles of cooked rice
falling o the dish during the meal
m
umog magmumog, mum
ugin,
imumog (mag-:-in, i-) v. to gargle.
Magmumog ka ng mainit na tubig.
Gargle hot water.
m
una adv. just a minute, before
anything else, for a while, rst,
before-hand. Mag-awitan muna
tayo bago... Lets sing a song rst
(before)...
mund
o n. world
munisipyo n. municipal building,
townhall
munti adj. small, little, diminutive
mungk
ahi
magmungkahi,
imungkahi (mag-:-i-) v.
to
suggest. Imungkahi mo na ang
napagkayarian natin. Suggest what
we have agreed upon.
mungg
o n. mongo beans
m
ura n. curse, scolding approach
magmur
a, mur
ahin (mag-:-in) v.
to scold, to curse. Minura niya ang
kaniyang mga katulong. He scolded
his helpers (servants).
m
ura adj. immature, unripe
m
ura adj. cheap, inexpensive
m
usa Sp n. muse [syn. paral
uman,
diwat
a, lakambini, reyna]
muskit
ero Sp n. mosquito net [syn.
kulamb
o ]
m
usiko n. musician
musm
os n. innocent, as a child, immature, as of mind
must
asa n. mustard
m
uta n. gummy secretion in the
eyes

67

n
ais
muw
ebles Sp n. furniture

N
na adv. 1 now, already. Ako na.
Its my turn to do it now or Ill
do it instead of someone else. 2
after nouns or pronouns: acts as an
emphatic marker. Bukas na. Let
it be tomorrow. Si Maria na. Let
it be Marias turn. 3 after verbs:
if in the past tense form, denotes
completion of action expressible
in the past or present perfect in
English. Nagsipilyo na siya. He has
already brushed (his teeth). 4 if in
the innitive form or future form,
denotes now, right away, immediately, soon. Magsipilyo ka na. Brush
(your teeth) now. Papasok na ako.
Im going to school now. 5 If after
the verb roots, denotes completed
action. Bukas na. Its already open.
Tapos na. Its already nished.
na lig. connects modier and word
modied, takes the form -ng when
the word it follows ends in a vowel
sound. Mabait na bata or Batang
mabait. Good child.
na part. with sa/kay, marks nouns
indicating position, location, possession of something; -ng when the word
it follows ends in a vowel sound
naka- af. an adjective prex meaning state, position, or appearance
n
akaw magnakaw (mag-:-in) v.
to steal, to pilfer. Nagnakaw siya ng
maraming salapi. He stole a lot of
money.
nak
u! intj. oh, my!, an interjection
derived from Nanay ko or Ina ko, my
mother!
n
agwas n. half-slip [var. hap slip]
n
ais naisin (-in) v. to desire,
to wish [syn. gust
o ]. Naisin man
niyang sumama ay puno na ang
sasakyan. Even though he wanted to
come along, the vehicle was already

nam
an
full.
nam
an part. response marker, also,
too, rather, again, on the other hand
usually emphasizing the fact or the
feeling involved in the expression;
expresses transition to another
subject hence also mild contrast.
Habang si Juana ay nagluluto si
Juan naman ay naglilinis ng bahay.
While Juana is cooking, Juan cleans
the house. Ano ka ba namang
tao? What sort of person are you,
anyway? adv. also, too intj.
expression of gentle protest or denial
n
amin pron. we, our (exclusive, not
including the person spoken to)
n
ana n. pus
n
anay n. mother (term of address
and reference) [syn. in
ay]
n
andito adv. it is here, here [var.
n
arito]
n
andiyan adv. it is there, there [var.
n
ariyan]
n
andoon adv. it is over there, over
there, over in that place [var. n
aroon]
nang conj. 1 when (past reference).
Nag-aaral kami nang dumating siya.
We were studying when he arrived. 2
so that (in order that), usually with
at. Mag-aral ka at nang makapasa
ka. You study so that you will pass
(your courses). adv. 1 when, in order to, particle added to an adjective
to make an adverb of it. Tumakbo
siya nang matulin. He ran swiftly. 2
used between repeated verbs to indicate intensity or continuity of the
action. Tumakbo siya nang tumakbo.
He kept on running.
-n
aog manaog (ma-) v. to go
down, to descend
n
apaka- af. an adjective prex
means very
n
ara n. narra
naranghita n. native orange [var.
dalanghita, daland
an]
n
arito adv. its here (fr. na + dito)
[var. n
andito]
n
ariyan adv. its there (fr. na +

68

niny
o
diyan) [var. n
andiyan]
n
aroon adv. its there, yonder (fr.
na + doon) [var. n
andoon]
n
ars n. nurse
n
arses pagnarses (pag-) n. nursing (as a career or profession)
n
asa part. particle marking nouns
indicating position or location of
something
n
asa n. wish, want, desire [syn.
n
ais]
n
asaan int. where
Nasyonalista n. Nacionalista Party
(the political rival of the Liberal
Party)
n
atin pron. our (inclusive)
Negrito Sp n. dwarf Negro of the
Philippine mountains [syn. ita, a
yta,
agta, bal

uga ]
Negro Sp n. Negro man adj. black
[syn. itim, maitim]
n
ene n. appellation for a small girl
n
erbiyos n. nerves
ni part. singular non-focus marker
of proper nouns or names mkr.
a proper noun (name) marker,
used before the actor of goal-focused
sentences. Binili ni Luisa ang damit.
The dress was bought by Luisa.
part. possessive marker. Iyan ang
bahay ni Luisa. That is Luisas
house.
nikel
ado Sp adj. nickel-plated
nil
a pron. 1 they, their, third person
plural number, non-focused pronoun
2 shows possession. Bahay nila.
Their house. 3 acts as non-focused
sentences. Kinuha nila ang libro.
They got the book.
nimpa Sp n. nymph
nin
a mkr. plural form of ni, the
proper noun (name) marker
ninang n. godmother (term of address and reference)
nino pron. whose, post positive form
of kanino. Kaninong bahay bahay
nino. Whose house.
ninong n. godfather (term of
address and reference)

ningas
niny
o pron. you, your (plural), used
in the singular sense, it indicates a
formal or polite form
ningas n. ame [var. dingas]
ningning maningning (ma-) adj.
shining, brilliant
nipa n. cabo-negro (palm)
nipis manipis (ma-) adj. thin
niri dem. of this [var. nit
o]
nisnis adj. unravelled
nit
o dem. of this
ganito (ga-) like this, (ganit
o)
in this manner of way [var. nire,
ganire ]
niy
a pron. he, she, his, her, hers
niy
an dem. of that
ganiyan (ga-) dem. like that, in
that manner of way (ganiyan) [var.
gany
an]
niy
og Mal n. coconut palm tree and
fruit
niy
on dem. that over there, yonder,
its [var. no
on]
nob
ela n. novel
Noby
embre n. November
n
obyo/a n.
ance,
sweetheart,
betrothed (masculine/ feminine)
no
o n. forehead, brow
no
od manood (ma-) v. to watch,
to view. Nanood kami ng sine kagabi.
We watched a movie last night.
no
on dem. of that, yonder
ganoon (ga-) like that yonder, in
that manner or way
no
on adv. then, at that time
norm
al adj. normal
n
umero Sp n. number
nun
al n. mole (skin)
n
uno n. grandparents (term of reference) [var. nin
uno ]
n
unsiyo n. papal nuncio
nuw
ebe Sp num. nine

69

ngay
on

Ng
ng mkr. non-focus marking particle
of actor or goal complements or
noun phrases. Kinain ng bata ang
kendi. The child ate the candy.
part. possessive marker, common
noun marker which marks a possessive construction. Direktor ng sine.
Director of the movie
-ng lig. variant of na
ng
a adv. armative adverb indeed. Siya nga ang duwag. He is
indeed the coward.
nga part. emphatic particle, expressing conrmation, truly, really,
certainly, request particle meaning
please, so, therefore, really. Oo,
nga. Yes, indeed. Ikaw nga ang
maysabi. You, yourself said so. Ituro
nga ninyo (polite request). Please
show me the way...
ng
alan n. name (from pang
alan)
ngalangal
a n. palate
ng
anga n. a mixture of buyo for
chewing
ngumanga, ngang
ain (-um-:-in)
v. to chew buyo. Ngumanganga
ba ang lola mo? Does your grandmother chew beetle nut?
ngang
a ngumanga (-um-) v. to
open ones mouth. Ngumanga si
Cres para sa dentista. Cres opened
her mouth for the dentist.
ngatng
at ngumatngat, ngatngatin (-um-:-in) v. to nibble,
to gnaw. Nginatngat ng daga ang
mga damit. The rat chewed on the
dresses.
ng
awit n. numbness adj. tired,
exhausted, numb
mangawit (mang-) v. to become
numb from exhaustion. Nangawit
siya sa kasusulat. His hand felt tired
and cramped from writing.
ngay
on adv. now, just now, today.
Siya ay nasa Maynila ngayon. He is
in Manila today. ngayong araw... on

ngiki

70

this very day...

ngiki n. chills, malaria
mangiki, ngikiin (mang-:-in) v. to
chill, to have the chills. Nginiki si
Cristina sa lamig. Cristina chilled
from the cold.
ngil
o mangilo (mang-) v. to have
tooth-edge pain. Nangilo ang aking
ngipin. My teeth felt an edge-like
pain.
ngipin n. tooth
ngiti n. smile
ngumiti (-um-) v. to smile. Ngumiti siya nang palihim. He smiled
surreptitiously.
ngiwi adj.
distorted,
twisted,
crooked (face)
ngiy
aw n. cry of cat or kitten
ng
ongo adj. speaking with a nasal
twang, nasal defect
ng
unit conj. but [syn. datapw
at,
pero]. Ngunit sumagot siya kaagad.
But he answered at once.
ng
uso n. upper lip
nguy
a ngumuya,
nguyain
(-um-:-in) v. to chew, to masticate.
Ngumuya siya ng babol gam. He
chewed bubble gum.

O
o conj.
alternate
marker,
or.
Matanda ba siya o bata? Is he old
or young? part. used either as
a sentence opener or closer which
means now, see, please, ok
obispo n. bishop
oblig
ado adj. obliged, forced
okra n. okra

Okt
ubre n. October
okup
ado Sp adj. occupied, busy
[var. ukup
ado]
odit
oryum n. auditorium
oh
ales Sp n. buttonhole [var. uh
ales]
onse num. eleven

oo n. yes, armative response

oper
a mag-opera, operah
an
(mag-:-an) v. to operate on (some-

pa
one, something). Inoperahan ang
pasyente. The patient was operated
on.
operasy
on Sp n. surgical operation,
state of being operative
opisina n. oce
opo part. yes (polite form); just like

po and ho, the more colloquial or

a little less formal form of opo (although certainly not a less respectful
form) is
oho
oportunid
ad Sp n. opportunity
optiko Sp n. optician

opyo Sp n. opium

oras n. hour, time

oras
an n. clock
orasy
on n. angelus
orbita n. orbit

ork
estra Sp n. orchestra
orkid n. orchid

order n. an order, a serving (of food)

[var.
orden]
ordin
aryo adj. ordinary, usual,
common
or
egano Sp n. aromatic green herb
cultivated for spice and medicine
orends adj. orange (color)

organdi Sp n. organdy (kind of

cloth)
organisasy
on Sp n. organization
organismo n. organism
organo Sp n. pipe organ

o, siya an expression meaning okay,

all right, well, etc
oso Sp n. bear

ospit
al n. hospital [syn. pagam
utan]
ot
el n. hotel
otmil n. oatmeal

otso Sp num. eight

P
pa af. ax for verbs meaning to
cause, get or allow someone to do
what the root word indicate
pa adv. more, yet, still (expresses the
immaturity or continuance of a situation and stands in contrast with

pa
a
na). Mabuti pa. Better yet. Basa pa
ang damit. The clothes are still wet.
pa
a n. foot
paag
usan n. drain
pa
alam intj. farewell (from al
am)
magpaalam (mag-) v. to bid goodbye. Magpaalam ka sa iyong ina. Say
goodbye to your mother.
pa
ano int. how
p
aaralan n. school (from
aral) [syn.
eskuwelah
an]
pabags
ak n. bribery, tip (from
bags
ak) adv. suddenly dropping
something resoundingly
pabal
at n. cover
pabang
o n. perfume, lotion, cologne
pab
aon n. provision (of money,
food or supplies) allowed or given to
someone making a trip
pabig
at n. weights
pabay
a adj. careless, negligent
p
abo n. turkey
pab
or Sp n. favor
paborito/a adj. favorite (masculine/ feminine)
p
abrika Sp n. factory
p
abula Sp n. fable
pak
ete n. package, parcel
paki- af. a verbal prex which indicates a request. Paki-abot. Please
hand over. Please get.
pakiling n. leaves used for scrubbing
wooden oors and walls
pakimkim n. a sum of money given
by a sponsor in baptism, conrmation or wedding, to the person being
sponsored (from kimkim)
pakin
abang n. prot, benet, Holy
Communion
pakipkip n. gift given by a ninong
or ninang, specially in baptisms and
conrmations (from kipkip)
p
ako n. nail
pak
o n. fern
pakp
ak n. wing
paks
a n. topic, subject matter
paktoriy
a Sp n. baggage-masters
oce (railway), factory
pakul
utan n. beauty parlor

71

pag
ong
pakund
angan n. reverence, respect
(specially for age, holy things, traditions, honor, and the like)
pakw
an n. watermelon
paky
aw Ch n. wholesale buying
mam
akyaw, pakyawin (mang:-in) v. to buy by wholesale, to
buy something by wholesale. Mamamakyaw siya sa Divisoria. Hes
going to buy by wholesale at Divisoria (market).. Pakyawin mong lahat
ang tinda niya. Buy all his goods.
pad n. ruled paper
pad
er n. wall, brick or stone wall
padp
ad mapadpad (ma-) v.
to be shipwrecked, to be driven
or carried (by a storm or tide).
Napadpad ng bagyo ang bangka sa
Mariveles. The boat was driven by
the storm to Mariveles.
p
adre n. a borrowing from Spanish
which means father, used as an appellation for a priest
padrino Sp n. male sponsor [syn.
ninong (colloq.)]
pady
ak pumadyak (-um-) v.
to stamp the feet. Pumadyak siya
sa inis. He stamped his feet in
irritation.
pady
ama n. pajamas
pag conj. particle which means on,
if, when. Pag ako ay pagod... When
I get tired...
pag-a
ari n. property (from
ari)
pagbab
ago n. change ( from b
ago)
pagk
ain n. food
pagkara
an adv. after, after passing
pagkat
ao n. upbringing
pagkat
apos adv. afterwards
pagkit n. paste
pagd
aka conj. immediately, quickly
[var. pagkar
aka]. Pagdak
ay tinanganan niya ang... He quickly seized
the...
p
agod n. tiredness, exhaustion
pag
od adj. tired, exhausted
mapagod (ma-) v. to become tired.
Dahan-dahan at baka ka mapagod.
Go slowly or you might get tired.

pagsasanay
pag
ong n. turtle
pagsas
anay n. practice
p
aha n. girdle or corset
p
ahayagan n. newspaper
p
ahid
magpahid,
ipahid,
pahiran (mag-:i-:-an) v. to wipe
o, to apply on. Ipahid mo ang
panyo sa mukha mo. Wipe your face
with the handkerchief.
p
ahina Sp n. page
pahing
a magpahinga (mag-) v.
to rest, to take a break. Magpahinga
ka muna. You rest rst.
pahint
ulot n. permission
p
ain n. bait
painit
an n. replace
pait mapait (ma-) adj. bitter
p
ala n. shovel, spade
pal
a part. so, as in Ikaw pala, meaning, it is you; an exclamation of surprise
pal
a part. when used after hindi, expresses contrast with ones expectation, a reversal. Ang isip koy balat
lamang ng itlog ito, hindi pala, kundi
itlog na buo. I thought this was only
an eggshell, but no, it was a whole
egg.
palab
a magpalaba (mag-) v. to
have clothes washed, to have someone wash ones clothes. Nagpalaba
siya ng damit sa labandera. She had
the clothes washed by the laundry
woman.
palab
as n. show, lm
palak
a n. frog, toad
pal
akad n. policy, current practice
palak
ol n. axe, hatchet
palakp
ak n. applause, sound of applause
pumalakpak (-um-) v. to applaud
magpalakpak, palakpak
an (mag:-an) v. to applaud together simultaneously. Palakpakan natin ang mga
kandidata. Lets applaud the candidates.
p
alad n. palm of the hand
pal
ag n. wiggling, squirming, jerking
of feet

72

p
alo
palag
ay n. opinion, idea
pal
agi adv. always, often [var. l
agi ]
palaisd
aan n. sh pond
pal
alo adj. proud, boastful, highhat, snobbish
palangg
ana n. basin
palants
ahan n. ironing-board
palap
ag n. oor or story of a building
palar
a n. tinsel, foil
palar
o n. the games planned for an
occasion
palaru
an n. playground
palas
o n. arrow
palasp
as n. fancily woven palm
leaves blessed on Palm Sunday
pal
asyo n. palace
p
alay n. unhusked rice, rice plant
pal
ayaw n. nickname
palay
ok n. pot (earthen)
p
alda n. skirt
pal
engke n. marketplace
paliban n. postponement (from
liban)
palibh
asa conj. expresses what follows is stated as a reason (parallel
to halimb
awa) [var. palib
asa ]. Palibhasay gawa rin. The reason being
that they did it...
palibot n. surroundings, environment (from libot)
palik
ero adj. irtatious (male)
palikpik n. n of sh
paligs
ahan n. contest, competition
(from ligs
a)
palip
aran n. airport
palit magpalit, palit
an, ipalit
(mag-:-an, i-) v. to change, to replace, to exchange, to cash a check.
Palitan mo ang kurtina. Change the
curtain.
palit
ada n. pavement
palit
aw n. rice cake made of glutinous rice, sugar, and coconut gratings
palito Sp n. toothpick
p
alo magpalo, pal
uin (mag-:in) v. to spank, to whip. Nakita ko
siyang nagpalo ng mga bata. I saw

p
along
him spank the children.
p
along n. cocks comb
pal
os n. eel, large Bengal swamp eel
[syn. igat]
pals
o Sp adj. spurious, counterfeit
paltik n. crudely made native gun
palt
os n. blister
palup
alo n. wooden paddle for
beating laundry [var. palo-p
alo ]
paly
ok n. cooking pot [var. palay
ok ]
pamag
at n. title of written work
pamahiran n. door-mat
pam
ana n. inheritance, heritage
pamangkin n. nephew, niece (term
of reference)
pambur
a n. eraser
pamilihan n. market [syn. palengke]
pamilya n. family
pamint
a n. black pepper, pepper
pamingg
alan n. cupboard, pantry
pam
utas n. perforator, hole borer
(from pang + b
utas) [var. pamb
utas]
pam
utat n. hors doeuvres, side
dish (fr. pang + p
utat)
p
ana n. bow and arrow
panad
ero Sp n. baker
panad
erya n. bakery
panagh
oy n. lamentation (fr. pang
+ tagh
oy)
panaginip n. dream
panah
on n. time, season, weather
panal
angin n.
prayer
(from
dal
angin)
pan
alo manalo (m-) v. to win.
Nanalo siya sa sabong. He won in
cockghting.
panambil n. sun-blind
panand
a n. sign
pan
aog manaog (m-) v. to go
down. Nanaog siya sa matarik na
hagdanan. He went down a steep
stairway.
pan
ata n. vow, usually religious
pan
atag adj. tranquil, peaceful
(tat
ag)
pan
atiko Sp adj. fanatic
pana
uhin n. visitor, guest
pan
ay adj. all, each and everyone
(of a group)

73

pany
o
pand
ak adj. short of stature
pand
anggo Sp n. fandango dance
pand
ay n. blacksmith
pandilig n. watering can
pandis
al Sp n. bread, a kind of
french bread
panhik pumanhik (-um-) v. to go
upstairs, to come up the house
magpanhik, ipanhik (mag-:i-) v.
to take upstairs. Ipanhik mo ang mga
labada. Carry the washed clothes upstairs.
panibugh
o n. jealousy
paniki n. bat
p
anig n. panel, side, party, page,
section
panipit n. tongs
panis adj. stale and spoiled, referring especially to food
p
anitikan n. literature
paniw
ala n. belief
pano
od mapanood (m-:-in) v. to
go and see. Nanood si Belen ng sine
kagabi. Belen went to a movie last
night.
pan
ot adj. bald
panr
aya n. ruler
pansamantal
a adj. temporary, tentative, acting
pansin pumansin, pansinin
(-um-:-in) v. to give attention
to, to take notice. Huwag mong
pansinin ang biro niya. Dont pay
any attention to his jokes.
pansit n. long rice, noodles
pansit
erya n. Chinese restaurant
pant
al n. welt
pantal
an n. dock
pantal
on n. pants, trousers
pant
ay adj. level, of the same length
or height, even
p
anti n. panty
pant
og n. bladder
pantukt
ok n. knocker
pant
ulog n. nightdress
p
anty Eng n. panties
pan
ukat n. tape measure
panuts
a n. crude sugar
pany
o n. handkerchief [var. pa-

panyuelo
nyolito]
panyu
elo Sp n. shawl, shoulder kerchief
pang
a n. jaw
pang
ako n. promise
pangah
as adj. daring, bold, intrepid
pang-
ahit n. razor, shaver
pang
alan n. name
pangamb
a n. fear, suspicion
pang
anay n. eldest in the family
(term of reference)
pang
anib n. danger
pang
arap n. daydream, ambition
pang
at n. sh cooked in water and
salt
pangk
at n. group, party
pangk
o adj. carried in ones arms
pangkuin (-in) v. to carry in ones
arms. Pangkuin mo ang hinimatay
na babae. Carry the woman who
fainted.
pangkusk
os n. scrubbing brush
p
angil n. tusk, fang
pangino
on n. master, lord
p
angit adj. ugly, not good
pangl
aw
mapanglaw
adj.
gloomy
pang
ulo n. leader, president
pangun
ahin adj. leading, rst, foremost
panggupit n. shears
pa
os adj. raucous, hoarse (voice)
P
apa n. Pope
p
apag n. bamboo bed, wooden
couch
pap
aya n. papaya
pap
el n. paper
pap
el-de-liha n. sandpaper (liha)
p
ara adv. like that of, in the manner
of
p
ara conj. so that, in order to
prep. for, to, till. Menos singko para
alas tres. Five minutes before three
oclock.
p
ara part. non-focus benefactive
phrase marker. Para sa iyo ang
regalo. The gift is for you.
p
ara mkr. for, with sa benefactive

74

pariy
an
noun phrase marker, with kay/kina
used before proper nouns (names)
p
ara! Sp intj. stop!
par
ahin (-in) v. to stop (a vehicle).
Parahin mo ang bus. Stop the bus.
ipara (i-) v. to cause a vehicle to
stop. Ipara mo ang kotse. (You) stop
the car.
par
ada Sp n. parade
pumarada (-um-) v. to stop.
Pumarada ang kotse. The car
stopped.
iparada (i-) v. to stop (a vehicle),
to park. Iparada mo ang kotse sa
tabi ng daan. Park the car on the
side of the road.
paraiso Sp n. paradise
paralisis Sp n. paralysis
paralitiko Sp n/adj. paralytic person
paral
uman n. muse
p
arang n. meadow, prairie conj.
as if
parasitiko Sp adj. parasitic
p
arasyut n. parachute
par
atang n. accusation
par
ati adv. always, all the time,
again and again, perennial, often.
Akoy parating nahahabol. Im often
pursued.
p
are n. priest [var. p
ari ]
p
are appellation for a male friend,
derived from kumpare or kumpadre,
the feminine form is mare from kumare; sometimes used to address a
man whose name one does not know
par
eho adj. equal, similar, alike,
identical
p
ares adj. even, paired, similar,
equal to, like
parilya Sp n. broiler, toaster, grate
of furnace
p
aris Sp n. pair
kaparis (ka-) adj. (one) of a pair,
equal, similar, identical
parito pumarito (-um-) v. to
come here [var. pumarine]. Pumarito
ka bukas. You come here tomorrow.
pariy
an pumariyan (-um-) v. to

parmase
utiko/a
go there. Pumariyan ang bola. The
ball went there.
parmase
utiko/a Sp n. pharmacist
[var. parmasiy
otiko]
parm
asya n. pharmacy
paroky
ano Sp n. parishioner, customer, client
par
ol n. lantern
par
ola n. lighthouse
paro
on pumaroon (-um-) v. to go
there, yonder. Pumaroon ka sa tabi
niya. Go yonder by her side.
p
arte n. part
partido Sp n. political party [syn.
lapian]
partisyon n. divider
parupar
o n. buttery
par
usa n. punishment
pas
a n. contusion
pas
a pumas
a (-um-) v. to pass an
academic course, an examination,
an interview or the like. Pumasa si
Linda sa eksamen. Linda passed the
exam.
magp
asa, ip
asa (mag-:i-) v. to
pass on. Ipasa mo kay Dan ang bola.
Pass on the ball to Dan.
p
asak n. electric plug [var. plag]
pas
akan n. electric outlet
pas
ado adj. past, passed
pasad
or Sp n. sanitary napkin (used
by women)
pas
ahe Sp n. passage, journey, fare
pasah
ero Sp n. passenger
pasal
ubong n. a present (usually
given by one arriving from a trip)
pasam
ano n. window-ledge
pas
an pumasan (-um-) v. to ride
on ones back
magpasan, pasanin (mag-:-in) v.
to carry on ones back or shoulders.
Pasanin mo ang isang sakong bigas.
Carry the sack of rice on your shoulder.
pasap
orte Sp n. passport [var.
p
asport]
pasaring n. innuendo
p
asas Sp n. raisin
Pasasal
amat n. Thanksgiving

75

patab
a
Pask
o n. Christmas
p
ases Sp n. pass, permit
pasilyo Sp n. corridor, aisle, hall
pasim
ano n. window still [var.
pasam
ano]
pasimul
a n. beginning
pasiy
am n. nine-day novena after
the burial
pasiy
ente n. patient
pasm
a Sp n. spasm
pasm
ado Sp adj. suering from
spasm
p
aso mapas
o (ma-) v. to get
burned. Napaso si Juan ng kumukulong tubig. John got scalded by the
boiling water.
mangpaso, pas
uin (mang-:-in) v.
to scald or burn
pas
o n. ower pot
p
asok pumasok, pas
ukin (um-:-in) v. to go to work, to go
to school, to enter. Pumasok ka sa
kuwarto ng ate mo. Enter your elder
sisters room.
magpasok, ipasok (mag-: i-) v.
to enter, to go inside, to insert, to
deposit (money). Ipasok mo ang
mga plinantsa sa silid. Put the
things you ironed into the room.
p
asta n. lling (of tooth)
past
ol magpastol, pastulin,
ipastol (mag-:-in, i-) v. to herd animals. Ipastol mo ang mga kalabaw.
Herd the carabaos.
past
or n. pastor, minister
pasy
al magpasyal (mag-) v. to
go out for a walk, to stroll, to visit.
Magpasyal tayo sa Rizal Park. Lets
go to Rizal Park for an outing.
ipasyal (i-) v. to take a walk.
Ipasyal mo ang mga bata sa Linggo.
Take the children out for diversion
this Sunday.
pasy
ensiya Sp n. patience [var.
pasensya]
pasy
ente Sp n. patient
pasy
on Sp n. the life of Christ in
vernacular verse
p
ata n. knuckles, feet (pork)

pat
ak
patab
a n. fertilizer
pat
ak n. drop of liquid
patakar
an n. by-laws, basic or guiding principles
p
atag kapat
agan (ka-an) n.
plain, lowland adj. smooth, level,
even
pat
ani n. lima beans, kidney beans
p
atas adj. equal of the same level
pat
atas n. potatoes
pat
awad n. forgiveness
pataw
adin (-in) v. to forgive (someone, something)
pat
ay adj. dead, not working, turn
o
pumatay, patayin (-um-:-in) v. to
kill, to turn o. Pumatay si Doming
ng tao. Doming killed a man.
mapatay (ma-) v. to get killed
magpatay (mag-) v. to slaughter.
Nagpatay sila ng tatlong baboy nang
ikasal si Luisa. When Luisa got married, they slaughtered three pigs.
pat
ay-g
utom adj.
extremely
hungry, tramp, destiture
pati Ch adv. also, including
patid magpatid, mangpatid,
patirin (mag-, mang-:-in) v. to
cut o. Pinatid niya ang lubid para
pakawalan ang baboy. He cut o the
rope to set free the pig.
p
atid n. tripping anothers foot
patirin (-in) v. to trip (someone).
Huwag mo siyang patirin. Dont trip
him.
patilya Sp n. side-whisker, sideburns
pating n. shark
patis n. sh sauce, native salty sauce
patiwarik adv.
upside
down
(tiwarik)
patl
ang Ch n. space between, interval
patn
ugot n. director, head of oce
p
ato n. duck [syn. itik ]
pat
ola n. sponge gourd
p
atong magpatong, ipatong
(mag-:i-) v. to put on top, to put
over, to lay. Ipatong mo ang panyo

76

pelikul
a
sa iyong ulo. Lay the handkerchief
on your head.
patp
at n. piece of split bamboo
patr
on Sp n. patron saint
pat
ubig n. irrigation
pat
ungo adj. in the direction of, towards
pat
utot n. prostitute
p
atyo n. churchyard
paumanhin n. an apology, forgiveness or toleration of a fault committed
paun
awa n. notice, warning
pa
us adj. hoarse [var. pa
os]
pawikan n. tortoise
p
awid n. nipa palm (the leaves of
which are used for thatching roof)
p
awis n. perspiration, sweat
pawisan (-an) v. to persire, to
sweat. Magtatakbo ka para ka pawisan. Do some running so you may
perspire.
p
ayag pumayag (-um-) v. to
agree, to conform. Pumayag ang
mga manggagawa sa bagong kontrata. The workers agreed on the
new contract.
pay
apa mapayapa (ma-) adj.
peaceful, calm, tranquil
pay
aso n. clown
pay
at adj. thin, slim, lean, skinny
p
ayo n. advice, counsel
magpayo (mag-) v. to give advice
or counsel. Nagpayo ang guro sa
bagong estudyante. The teacher
counselled the new student.
p
ayong n. umbrella
payp
ay n. fan [var. pamayp
ay]
magpaypay, ipaypay, paypay
an
(mag-:i-,-an) v. to fan, to wave as
to produce wind. Nagpapaypay ang
babae dahil sa init. The woman is
fanning (herself) because of the heat.
payp
ay n. shoulder (Boston butt)
Pebr
ero n. February
p
ekas Sp n. freckles
p
eklat n. scar
ped
al Sp n. pedal, treadle
pelikul
a Sp n. photo-lm, movie-

peligro
lm
peligro Sp n. danger [var. piligro]
pel
uka Sp n. wig
penit
ensiya Sp n. penitence
p
enoy n. hard-boiled ducks egg
pensiy
on Sp n. pension, allowance
of expense money
p
era n. money
p
eras n. pear
perhuwisyo Sp n. injury, damage,
harm
perisk
opyo n. periscope
p
erlas n. pearls
p
ero conj. but, however
person
al adj. personal
pery
odiko Sp
n.
newspaper,
journal, periodical
p
esa n. boiled sh spiced with pepper, garlic, onion, ginger
p
este Sp n. pest, plague, epidemic
p
etsa n. date (of the calendar)
p
etsay n. Chinese cabbage (pechay)
piki adj. knock-kneed
pikit adj. closed (refering to eyes)
piknik Eng magpiknik (mag-) v. to
go on a picnic. Magpipiknik tayo sa
Linggo. We will go on a picnic on
Sunday.
piko n. pick
pik
o n. childrens game of hopscotch
pik
on adj. easily angered by jokes or
jests, touchy
pikot Ch makapikot, mapikot
(maka-, ma-) v. to be forced into
marriage. Napikot siya ng isang
bailarina. He was forced to marry a
taxi-dancer.
pig
a magpiga, pig
ain (mag-:in) v. to squeeze, to wring. Huwag
mong pigain ang kamatis. Dont
squeeze the tomato.
pigi n. hips, rump
pighati n. anguish, action
pigil pigilin (-in) v. to detain, to
hold in hand, to prevent, to stop
magpigil (mag) v. to control, to
hold back. Nagpipigil lang ako ng
aking sarili. Im just controlling

77

pilipit
myself.
pigl
as n. eort to be free from hold
pigs
a n. boil, tumor
pihit pumihit (-um-) v. to turn
around
magpihit, pihitin, ipihit (mag-:in, i-) v. to wind, to turn a crank
or a shaft. Pihitin mo ang manibela
sa kaliwa. Turn the steering wheel to
the left.
piho adj. sure, certain
pila n. ashlight battery
pila n. line, queue
pumila (-um-) v. to fall in line.
Pumipila muna ang mga sundalo
bago magmartsa. The soldiers fall in
line rst before marching.
magpila, ipila (mag-:i-) v. to align
pila n. queue [syn. h
anay, hilera]
pilak n. silver, money
pil
apil n. dike
pilas n. rend, rip adj. rend, ripped
(pil
as)
pilay n. lameness, sprain adj.
lame
mapilay (ma-) v. to become lame.
Napilay siya nang siyay madulas.
He became lame when he slipped.
pilduras Sp n. pill, pellet, medicine
pill
pil
eges n. pleats, fold, plait
pili pumili (-um-) v. to choose
mangpili, piliin (mang-:-in) v.
to select, to pick out (something).
Pinili ng mamimili ang pinakasariwang isda. The buyer picked out the
freshest sh.
pili n. pili nuts
pilikmata n. eyelash
piligr
oso adj. dangerous
piling n. side of
piling n. bunch, cluster of fruits (bananas)
Pilipinas n. Philippines
Pilipino/a n.
Filipino
(masculine/feminine)
pilipit pumilipit (-um-) v. to
twist
magpilipit,
pilipitin,
ip-

pilit
ilipit (mag-:-in:i-) v. to coil,
to twist (something). Pinipilipit
ng mangingisda ang lubid. The
sherman is coiling the rope.
pilit mapilit (ma-) adj. forced,
against ones will, insistent
magpilit, pilitin (mag-:-in) v. to
insist, to strive, to force. Pinilit ng
inang kumain ang bata. The mother
forced the child to eat.
pilyo/a adj.
naughty,
rascal,
mischievous (masculine/ feminine)
pin n. brooch
pinak
a pref. an ax to adjectives
expressing superlative degree (of the
quality)
pind
ot pumindot, pindutin
(-um-:-in) v. to squeeze or crush
with the ngers. Pinindot niya ang
mangga kaya nalamog. She squeezed
the mango thats why it became
soft.
pinid adj. closed
magpinid (mag-) v. to close, to
shut
ipinid (i-) v. to close (door). Ipinid
mo ang pinto. Close the door.
pinipig n. rice stamped at
pino adj. smooth, ne
pins
ala n. damage, injury
pinsan n. cousin (term of reference)
pint
a magpinta, pintah
an, ipinta (mag-:-an, i-) v. to paint, to
have (something) painted. Magpinta
tayo ng ating kuwarto. Lets paint
our room.
pintak
asi n. celebration of cockghting
pint
as mamintas (mang-) v. to
nd fault. Huwag kang mamintas ng
kapuwa. Dont nd fault with your
fellowmen.
pint
o n. door, (pint
uan) doorway
pint
or n. painter (artist)
pint
ura n. paint
piny
a n. pineapple
pingg
a n. pole for carrying weight
across the shoulder
pingg
an n. plate, dish

78

pist
ola
pipa n. pipe
pipi adj. dumb, mute
pipino n. cucumber
pipit Mal n. native sparrow
pirangg
ot n. a very small piece
pir
aso n. a piece
pumiraso (-um-) v. to break a
piece from. Pumiraso ka sa tinapay
ko. Break a piece o from my bread.
magpiraso, piras
uhin (mag-:-in)
v. to break into pieces. Pirasuhin
mo ang tinapay. Cut the bread into
small pieces.
piring n. blindfold
pirito
magprito,
prit
uhin,
iprito (mag-:-in,i-) v. to fry [var.
prito]. Prituhin mo ang bangus. Fry
the milksh. Magprito tayo ng isda.
Lets fry a sh.
pirm
a n. signature
pumirma, pirmah
an (-um-:-an)
v. to ax ones signature. Pumirma
si Amalia sa aking otograp. Amalia
signed my autograph book. Pirmahan mo ang aking report card. Sign
my report card.
pis
a pumisa, magpisa, pis
ain
(-um-, mag-:-in) v. to crush, to
compress, to hatch. Pinisa ng bata
ang mga itlog. The child crushed the
eggs.
pis
ak adj. blind of one eye
pis
ara n. blackboard, chalkboard
piskad
or n. kingsher
pis
eta Sp n. a twenty-centavo piece
or coin, twenty centavos
pisi n. string, thread
pisil n. squeezing with the hand
pisilin (-in) v. to squeeze. Pinisil
niya ang bata. He squeezed the
child.
pisngi n. cheeks
piso Mex n. peso, one peso (one hundred centavos)
pis
on Sp n. steam-roller
pispis n. remnants of what is eaten,
specially sh bones (usually given as
cat feed)
pist
a n. esta, feast day

pitaka
pist
ola n. pistol (see also rebolber)
pit
aka Sp n. wallet, purse, billfold
pit
as pumitas (-um-) v. to pick
mamitas, pitasin (mang-:-in) v.
to pick o (something) from a stem.
Pitasin mo ang mga rosas. Pick the
roses.
pitik pumitik (-um-) v. to snap
ones ngers, to topple or push with
a ip of the ngers
mamitik, pitikin (mang-:-in) v. to
ick. Pinitik ni Lito ang tenga ni
Boyet. Lito icked Boyets ear.
pitis adj. tight-tting (of clothes,
dresses)
pitisy
on Sp n. petition
pito n. whistle
pumito (-um-) v. to whistle.
Pumipito si Tonio habang naglalakad
sa dilim. Tony is whistling while
walking in the dark.
pit
o num. seven
pitpit adj. attened by pounding
pitsa Sp n. chips (in checkers)
pits
el n. jug, pitcher (water)
pits
o Sp n. breast of fowl or animal
pits
on Sp n. young pigeon, spring
chicken
piyanista n. pianist
piy
ano n. piano
piy
ansa Sp n. surety, bail, bond
piy
er n. pier, harbor
piy
erna n. chuck (of meat)
piy
erna k
orta n. round cut
piy
on n. laborer, unskilled or semiskilled worker, pawn (in chess)
pl
aka n. record disc, a phonograph
record
plais n. pliers
plan
eta n. planet
pl
ano n. plan
pl
anta Sp n. plant or site of a building, site or installation of a project
pl
antsa n. at iron
magplantsa (mag-) v. to iron or
to press clothes. Nagplantsa si Lita
ng kanyang damit. Lita ironed her
clothes.
plantsad
or/a n. one who irons

79

prito
clothes for a living (masculine/
feminine)
pl
asa n. plaza, the town park
platap
orma Sp n. platform
plateria Sp n. silversmith, goldsmith [var. plateriy
a]
plat
ero Sp n. silversmith, goldsmith
platito n. saucer
pl
ato n. plate
pl
ema Sp n. phlegm
plor
era n. ower vase
plor waks n. oor wax
pl
uma n. fountain pen
po part. a form that indicates respect or politeness, sir/maam. Opo.
(oo + po) Yes, sir.
p
obre adj. poor
p
olbo n. powder [var. pulb
os]
polis Eng n. police [var. pulis]
p
olo n. polo shirt, sport shirt
p
olo bar
ong n. native-styled polo
shirt
pom
ada n. pomade
popul
ar adj. popular
porm
al adj. formal, serious
port
ero n. doorkeeper
p
osas n. handcus
p
oso Sp n. a dug-out, well (of water)
poso-n
egro Sp n. septic tank
p
osporo n. match
p
oste n. post
post o
pis n. post oce
pran
ela Sp n. annel
pr
angka adj. frank, open, sincere
pr
ayle n. friar
prepar
ado adj. prepared
presid
ente n. president
pr
eso Sp n. prisoner
pr
esyo Sp n. price
preb
ado adj. private
primera/o Sp adj/adv. rst (feminine/masculine)
prinsip
al/a n. school principal
(masculine/feminine)
prisma n. prism
prito adj. fried
magprito, prit
uhin (mag-:-in) v.
to fry [var. pirito]. Nagprito siya ng
tuyo para sa almusal. She fried dried

probinsiya
sh for breakfast.
probinsiya Sp n. province
probinsiy
ana Sp n/adj. female
from the province, provincial
probl
ema n. problem
prod
ukto Sp n. product
progr
ama n. program
propag
anda Sp n. propaganda, advertisement
propes
or/a n. professor (masculine/feminine)
propesy
on n. profession
prusisy
on n. a religious procession
pr
utas n. fruit
pu n/num. ten, tens
p
uki n. vagina [var. kiki ]
puk
ol (-um-)
magpukol (mag-:i-:-in) v. to throw,
to cast, to hurl
puks
a mamuksa,
puksain
(mang-:-in) v. to destroy, to exterminate, to overcome. Kailangan
nating puksain ang mga ipis. We
need to exterminate the cockroaches.
puky
utan n. bee
pudp
od adj. worn out, blunt
p
ugad n. nest
p
ugo n. quail
pug
on n. oven [var.
oben]
pug
ot adj. decapitated, beheaded
puh
unan n. capital in business
pul
a mapula (ma-) adj. red, rosy
(cheeks)
p
ula mamula, pul
aan (mang:-an) v. to give adverse criticisms.
Magsiyasat ka muna bago ka mamula. Investigate rst before you
criticize.
pulb
os n. powder
pulg
ada n. inch (measurement)
pulg
as n. ea
pulido adj. polished, rened, polite,
neat
pulis n. police, policeman
pulit
ana Sp n. ush score in a game
of cards called panggingge
pulmunia Sp n. pneumonia [var.
pulmuniy
a]
pul
o n. island, isolated place

80

puny
al
p
ulong n. meeting, conference [syn.
miting]
pul
ot n. honey, syrup
p
ulot mamulot, pul
utin (mang:-in) v. to pick up. Pulutin mo ang
papel sa sahig. Pick up the paper on
the oor.
pul
ot-gat
a n. honeymoon
p
ulpito n. pulpit
pulp
ol adj. blunt, obtuse
puls
eras Sp n. bracelet
puls
o n. wrist
pul
ubi adj. mendicant, beggar
pul
upot magpulupot, ipulupot
(mag-:i-) v. to twist around or wind
around something. Ipulupot mo ang
lubid sa iyong bewang. Twist the
rope around your waist.
pul
utan n. appetizer taken with
wine, etc.
p
unas magpunas,
pun
asan
(mag-:-an) v. to wipe, to mop, to
dry, with a piece of cloth or rag.
Nagpupunas siya ng sahig tuwing
umaga. She mops the oor every
morning.
pund
a n. pillowcase
pundido adj. burnt out (bulb)
puner
arya n. funeral home
p
unit n. rip, tear adj. torn
pumunit, punitin (-um-:-in) v. to
rip, to tear. Pinunit ng estudyante
ang kanyang kuwaderno. The
student ripped his notebook.
p
uno n. head man n. tree trunk,
tree
pun
o adj. full, lled
puns
o n. ant hill, hillock
punt
a magpunta, pumunta
(mag-, -um-) v. to go. Nagpunta
ako sa Pilipinas noong nakaraang
tag-araw. I went to the Philippines
last summer.
p
unta y p
etso n. brisket (of meat)
punt
as Sp n. lace, lace-work
p
unto Sp n. period
punt
od n. mound, graveyard
p
unung-g
uro n. head teacher, principal

puny
os
puny
al Sp n. poniard, dagger
puny
os n. cu
pupitre n. desk
purg
a Sp n. purgative
magpurga (mag-) v. to take purgative
purgahin (-in) v. to give purgative.
Purgahin mo ang bata para gumaling. Give purgative to the child so
he gets well.
p
uri (-um-)
mamuri, purihin (mang-:-in) v.
to praise, to compliment, to atter.
Ang mamuri ay mas magaling kaysa
mamintas. To praise is better than
to criticize.
p
uro adj. pure, clean, chaste
pur
ol mapurol (ma-) adj. dull
purtamun
eda Sp n. bag, handbag
p
usa n. cat
pus
ali n. mire under the house
pusit n. squid
puslit adj. uninvited, illegal, contraband (sl)
p
uso n. heart
p
uso ng s
aging n. banana blossom
p
usod n. navel, umbilicus
pus
od n. hair-knot, coiure that has
hair-knot
pus
on n. abdomen
p
uspas n. dish of rice porridge
and chicken [syn. arroz c
aldo] [var.
p
ospas]
pust
a n. bet
pumusta, ipusta (-um-:i-) v. to
bet. Pumusta ang sugarol sa karera
ng kabayo. The gambler bet on the
horse race.
pustiso adj. false, articial (teeth),
denture
pust
ura adj. dressed elegantly
p
uta n. prostitute
putakti n. wasp
puti maputi (ma-) adj. fair
(complexion), white
p
utik n. mud
maputik (ma-) adj. muddy
putl
a maputla (ma-) adj. lightcolored, pale

81

rasy
on
p
uto n. native rice cake
put
ok pumutok (-um-) v. to explode, to blast, to erupt. Pumutok
na naman ang bulkang Mayon. The
Mayon volcano erupted again.
p
utol
pumutol,
put
ulin,
put
ulan (-um-:-in,-an) v. to cut
something
magput
ol (mag-) v. to cut intensively, repeatedly
mamutol (mang-) v. to cut
something say wood as means of
livelihood or to cut habitually.
Namumutol si Kardo ng kahoy
tuwing hapon. Kardo cuts wood
every afternoon.
puts
ero Sp n. dish of boiled meat
and vegetables
puw
ang n. space, interval between
puw
ede pv. can be, can, may, indicate possibility
puw
era adj. not included
puw
ersa mamuwersa, puwersahin (mang-:-in) v. to force, to
apply force or strength. Pinuwersa
ng magnanakaw na buksan ang
pinto. The robber forced to open
the door.
puw
es Sp conj. therefore, then
puw
esto Sp n. place or space occupied, stall, stand (as in market)
puwings n foreign body in the eye
puwit n. buttocks
puy
at adj. tired or exhausted for
want to sleep
puy
o n. cowlick

R
r
aket Eng n. racket (as for tennis
or badminton), illicit or fraudulent
scheme
r
adyo Eng n. radio
r
aha n. rajah
rami Eng n. ramie
r
antso Sp n. ranch (usually cattle
ranch)
rasy
on Sp n. ration

rat
an
rat
an n. rattan
r
ayos Sp n. spoke (of a wheel)
ray
uma n. rheumatism
reb
elde Sp n. rebel, defaulter adj.
rebellious
rebentad
or Sp n. recracker [var.
labintad
or ]
reb
olber Sp n. revolver
rebolusy
on Sp n. revolution [var.
ribulusy
on]
rek
ado Sp n. condiments
rekisa Sp n. inspection by looking
into containers (boxes or pockets)
rekl
amo Sp n. complaint
rekomendasy
on Sp n. recommendation
rekt
anggulo Sp n. rectangle, rectangular
rekt
or Sp n. rector
rekw
erdo Sp n. memory, remembrance, keepsake, momento,
souvenir
reg
alo n. gift, present
magregalo (mag-) v. to give gift.
Nagreregalo siya sa kanyang nobya
tuwing Pasko. He gives gift to his
sweetheart every Christmas.
regul
ar adj. regular, ordinary, moderate
r
ehas Sp n. grating, railing, bars
relasy
on Sp n. relation
relihiy
on n. religion
rel
o n. watch, wrist watch, clock
[var. rel
os]
reloh
ero Sp n. watch or clock
maker, clock dealer, watch dealer
rel
os Sp n. watch, clock [var. ril
os]
rely
eno n. a dish of stued chicken,
stued sh, or stued crab
remat
ado Sp adj. ended, nished,
totally lost or sold (at auction or by
default or by terms of commerce)
rem
edyo Sp n. remedy
r
enda Sp n. reins
rendido Sp adj. fatigued, worn out,
confused (in mind and body) [var.
rindido]
rep
aso Sp n. review
repin
ado adj. rened

82

ruweda
rep
olyo n. cabbage
repr
esko Sp n. refreshment
repridyir
eytor/pridyid
er n.
refrigerator
reputasy
on Sp n. reputation
res
erba Sp n. something reserved
for future use, spare, spare tire
res
eta n. medical prescription
resibo Sp n. receipt
respons
able adj. responsible
restawr
an n. restaurant
res
ulta Sp result, loss in a transaction or trust.
ret
aso n. remnants of cloth
retratista n. photographer
r
eyna n. queen
reynds n. range
rik
ado n. condiments
rigud
on Sp n. rigadoon, quadrille
(dance)
riles n. railway
rim
arim marimarim (ma-) v. to
feel disgust, loathing. Narimarim si
Cora sa ugali ni Mila. Cora got disgusted at Milas behavior.
rimas n. breadfruit
rindido adj. fatigued, tired-out,
confused, exhausted [var. rinde,
rendido]
ripa a. a kind of lottery
riple n. rie
r
olyo Sp n. roll, bundle (of cloth or
paper)
rom
ansa Sp n. romance
rom
antika/o adj. romantic (feminine/masculine)
rond
alya Sp n. string orchestra
rop
ero Sp n. dirty linen basket
ros
al n. gardenia
ros
aryo Sp n. rosary
r
osas n. roses
r
osas adj. rose, pink (color)
r
oskas Sp n. screw thread
rot
onda Sp n. rot
unda
rubi Sp n. ruby
rul
eta Sp n. roulette
R
usya Sp n. Russia
ruw
eda Sp n. wheel

sa

83

S
sa mkr. location or direction marker,
to, from, in, on, etc
sa part. non-focus locative phrase
marker
sa
an int. where? in what place?
sab
a n. bananas (cooking variety)
S
abado n. Saturday
sab
aw n. soup broth
sab
ay sumabay,
magsabay,
sabay
an (-um-, mag-:-an) v. to
go with, to go at the same time.
Sumabay ka sa aming pagsisimba.
Go to church with us at the same
time.
s
abi magsabi, sabihin (mag-:-in)
v. to say, to ask permission, to
tell, to relate. Magsabi ka sa nanay
at nang hindi tayo pagalitan. Tell
mother (ask mothers permission)
so we wont be scolded.
sabik asj. eager, anxious
s
abit sumabit (-um-) v. to hang,
to suspend
magsabit, isabit (mag-:i-) v. to
hang. Isabit no ang bago mong
litrato sa kuwarto. Hang your new
picture in the room.
s
abog sumabog (-um-) v. to
explode. Sumabog ang bomba. The
bomb exploded.
magsabog, isabog (mag-:i-) v.
to strew, to scatter, to spill. Isabog
mo ang mga butong ito sa hardin.
Scatter the seeds in the garden.
sab
on n. soap
s
abong n. cockght
magsabong (mag-) v. to engage
in cockghting, to play or bet in
a cockght. Magsasabong si Anong
sa Linggo. Anong will bet in a
cockght this Sunday.
isabong (i-) v. to bet (a gamecock)
against another
sab
unot n. pulling of hair, uprooting of hair
sabun
utan (-an) v. to pull (some-

saksak
ones hair) by the roots. Sinabunutan
siya ng Nanay niya. Her hair was
pulled by her Mother.
sabung
an n. cockpit
sak
a conj. also, in addition, and
[var. atsak
a ]
sak
a adv. after that, then. Saka pa
lamang. Only then, not till then.
saka na adv. at another time. Saka
na tayo manood ng sine. Lets go to
the movies another time.
sak
al sakalin (-in) v. to strangle
(someone)
mangsakal (mang-) v. to strangle.
Nanakal siya ng tao. He strangled a
person.
sak
ali conj. in case, if it should
sak
ang adj. bow-legged
sak
ay sumakay (-um-) v. to ride
in a vehicle, to board a vehicle, to
take/board a plane. Sumakay ako
sa eroplano nang pumunta ako sa
San Francisco. I took a plane when
I went to San Francisco.
magsakay, isakay (mag-:i-) v. to
load in a vehicle
sakd
al adj/adv (superlative degree). very, most, -est as sakdal
ganda, most beautiful
sakim adj. greedy, selsh
sakit n. sickness, physical suering,
pain
masakit (ma-) adj. painful
sumakit (-um-) v. to ache, to be in
pain, to be ill. Hindi siya makapagtrabaho kasi sumasakit ang kanyang
ulo. He isnt able to work because his
head aches.
sakl
ap masaklap (ma-) adj. bitter, acrid
sakl
olo sumaklolo (-um-) to
aid, to succor, to help. Sumaklolo
ang pulis sa nasaktang bata. The
policeman aided the injured boy.
s
ako n/qnt. a sack
s
akong n. heel
sakrist
an n. altar boy
saks
ak sumaksak, sinaksak
(-um-:-in) v. to stab, to pierce.

saksi
Sinaksak ang isang lalaki kagabi. A
man was stabbed last night.
magsaksak, isaksak (mag-:i-) v.
to stu, to cram in clothes as in
packing
manaksak (mang-) v. to stab
saksi n. witness
sumaksi (-um-) v. to witness,
to testify, to witness against.
Sumaksi siya laban sa nasasakdal.
He witnessed against the accused.
sakun
a n. accident, misfortune.
sads
ad adj. anchored, grounded
(boats)
sady
a n. purpose, aim
sumadya (-um-) v. to go to a place
with a denite intention. Sumadya
sila sa Hapuna. They went to Hapuna.
magsadya, sadyain (mag-:-in) v.
to go to a place with denite intention
manadya (mang-) v. to do intentionally
sag
abal n. obstruction adj. full of
impediment
sag
ad adj. sunk to the hilt, down to
the bottom
sag
ala Sp n. maiden in costume
joining the Lenten Procession or the
Santacruzan
sag
ana masagana (ma-) adj.
bountiful, plentiful, abundant
s
agap n. something scooped from
just below the surface of water
makasagap, masagap (maka-,
ma-) v. to inhale something (g.),
to pick up a rumor unintentionally.
Nakasagap siya ng mabuting balita.
He was able to pick up some good
news.
s
aging n. banana
sagisag n. emblem, insignia, penname, pseudonym
sagitsit n. hissing or whizzing sound
saglit n. instant, moment, second
(time)
sag
o n. palm tree of medium height
bearing globular fruits that have

84

salag
ubang
seedsof white bony albumen
sag
ot n. answer, response, reply
sumagot, sagutin (-um-:-in) v. to
answer, to reply. Sagutin mo ang
tanong ko. Answer my question.
sagr
ado adj. sacred, consecrated
sag
upa
sumagupa,
managupa,sagup
ain (-um, mang-:-in)
v. to encounter, to combat, to collide. Sinagupa nila ang mga bandido.
They encountered the bandits.
sagw
a masagwa (ma-) adj. not
in good taste
sagw
an n. paddle
s
aha n. sheathing leafstalks of banana
sahig n. oor
s
ahod n. salary
sumahod (-um) v. to catch the ow
of something with a receptacle, to receive a salary or wage. Sumahod ako
kahapon. I got/received my pay yesterday.
magsahod, sah
urin (mag-:-in) v.
to catch the dripping. Sahurin mo
ang tumutulong tubig sa gripo. Catch
the dripping water from the faucet
(in a receptacle).
sah
og n. mixture for taste
sah
ol masahol (ma-) adj. worse,
less good, lacking, falling short
said adj. consumed, used up,
exhausted
s
aing magsaing, isaing (mag-:i) v. to cook by steam such as rice.
Magsaing ka mamayang gabi. Cook
rice later tonight.
sais Sp num. six
s
ala n. error, sin, fault
s
ala n. living room
sala
an n. colander, strainer, sifter
salab
at n. ginger drink, ginger tea
sal
akay n. assault, invasion
salak
ayin (-in) v. to invade (a
place). Sinalakay ng kaaway ang
kampo. The enemy invaded the
camp.
salak
ot n. native hat made of nipa
palm

salamat
salag
ubang n. beetle
sal
amat n. thanks, thank you
salamin n. mirror, looking-glass,
eyeglasses
salans
an
magsalansan,
salansanin, isalansan (mag-:in, i-) v. to le orderly, to put in an
orderly stack. Salansanin mo ang
mga importanteng papel. File the
important papers.
salant
a adj. badly injured or
damaged, weakened
magsalanta, salantain (mag-:-in)
v. to cripple, to maim, to damage.
Sinalanta ng bagyo ang mga halaman. The typhoon damaged the
plants.
salapi n. money
salarin n. villain, criminal
salaw
ahan adj. ckle
salaw
al n. panties, underwear, undergarments, trousers [var. p
anty]
salays
ay n. narration, story
magsalaysay, isalaysay (mag-:i-)
v. to narrate, to relate, to tell a
story. Isalaysay mo ang nangyari.
Narrate what happened.
salbabida Sp n. life preserver
salb
ahe adj. rude, unkind, bad
s
ali sumali (-um-) v. to participate, to join. Sumali si Terry sa mga
palaro. Terry joined in with the parlor games.
magsali, isali (mag-:i-) v. to allow
one to participate, to include in a
group or group work. Isali ninyo si
Sandra sa inyong laro. Include Sandra in your game.
saliksik n. detailed, minute search,
research
s
alin magsalin, isalin (mag-:i-)
v. to pour into another receptacle,
to copy to translate, to transcribe.
Isalin mo ang tubig sa baso. Pour
the water into the glass.
salit
a n. word
magsalita (mag-) v. to speak,
to talk, to speak out. Ang batang
mahiyain ay hindi nagsasalita sa

85

sampalat
aya
klase. The shy boy doesnt speak in
the class.
salitre n. saltpeter
salm
on n. salmon
sal
o sumalo (-um-) v. to catch.
Sino ang sumalo ng bola? Who
caught the ball?
s
alok sumalok (-um-) v. to fetch,
as in fetching water. Sumalok ka ng
tubig sa poso. Fetch water from the
well.
sal
op n/quan. ganta
s
alot nw. epidemic, pest, plague
salp
ok n. collision, impact, bump
s
alsa Sp n. sauce, gravy [var. s
arsa]
s
alsa p
erin n. worchestershire sauce
sal
ubong
sumalubong,
salub
ungin (-um-:-in) v. to
meet along the way. Salubungin
mo ako sa kanto. Meet me at the
corner.
s
alu-s
alo n. a get-together
sam
a masama (ma-) adj. bad
sumam
a (-um-) v. to become bad,
to become ill. Lalong sumama ang
kanyang lagnat. His fever became
worse.
sam
a ng lo
ob n. ill feelings
s
ama sumama (-um-) v. to go
with, to join the company, accompany
magsama, isama (mag-:i-) v. to
take along with. Isama mo si Bubot
sa Luneta. Take Bubot along to
Luneta.
samakatuwid conj. therefore
samant
ala adv/conj. while, in the
meantime
samb
a sumamba, sambahin
(-um-:-in) v. to adore, to worship.
Sambahin mo ang Dios. Worship
God.
sampagita n. Hawaiian pikake, Arabian jasmine
samp
al manampal, sampalin
(mang-:-in) v. to slap on the face.
Sasampalin kita. I will slap your
face.
sampalat
aya n. act of faith

sampalok
sumampalataya (-um-) v. to
believe. Sumampalataya sila kay
Hesukristo. They believe in Jesus
Christ.
samp
alok n. tamarind
samp
ay magsampay, isampay
(mag-:i-) v. to hang clothes on a
line. Magsasampay pa ako ng damit.
Ill hang clothes yet.
samp
u num. ten, derived form
isang pu, one ten
s
ana n/prep. 1 with, hope 2 Expresses unreal futurity in the past
or doubtful futurity in the present.
In the latter sense, it expresses
modesty in a request. Ipaglalaba
sana kita ng damit ngunit wala
akong sabon. I could have washed
your clothes, but I didnt have any
soap.
san
ay adj. skilled, experienced
magsanay, sanayin (mag-:-in) to
practice, to exercise, to rehearse, to
get used to. Magsanay kang lumakad
nang mabilis. You better get used to
walking fast.
sand
al n. act of reclining against an
object
magsandal, isandal (mag-:i-) v.
to place (something or someone)
in a reclining or leaning position
against a support. Isandal mo ang
iyong likod sa unan. Lean your back
against the pillow.
sandalan n. back of a seat,
something used to lean or recline
against
sandali adv. a moment, a minute, a
short time, lang, wait a minute
sand
alyas n. sandals
sand
ata n. weapon, arms
sandig Mal/Sk sumandig (-um-) v.
to recline. Sumandig ang bata sa dibdib ng ina. The child reclined on the
bosom of the mother.
s
ando n. undershirt
sand
ok n. ladle
magsandok, sumandok, sandokin (mag-,-um-:-in) v. to scoop,

86

sapant
aha
to take with a ladle. Magsandok ka
ng kanin. Scoop out the rice.
sanid
ad n. health inspector
sanl
a magsanla, isanla (mag:i-) v. to pawn, to mortgage. Isanla
mo ang singsing ko. Pawn my ring.
sanlibut
an n. universe (fr. sang +
libot + an)
sans
ala n. interdiction, injunction,
ay]
prohibition [syn. pigil, saw
sans
e Ch n. appelation for third eldest sister
santacr
usan n. May ower festival
sant
an n. iscora, shrub with white,
(santang puti ), red (santang pul
a)
or pink (santang rosas) owers
s
anto /a n.
saint
(masculine/feminine) adj. saintly,
holy, sacred
sant
ol n. santol
sang- a. the whole, the whole unit,
one, in its entirety, as sang-angaw,
one million
sang
a n. stem, branch, twig
sangk
alan n. chopping block
sangk
ap n. belongings, implements,
contents, ingredients
sangg
a sumangga (-um-) v. to
shield, to obstruct for protection
manangga, sanggahin (mang:-in) v. to block (as in boxing).
Sanggahin mo ang suntok niya.
Block his punch (boxing).
s
anggano n. gangster
sangg
ol n. baby, infant
sangl
a Ch n. pledge (as in pawning), mortgage [var. sanl
a ]
sangs
ang n. strong agreeable odor
[var. sans
ang]
s
apa n. brook, creek, stream
sap
ak Ch adj. dovetailed very well,
inserted fully intj. expressing full
satisfaction
sapagk
at conj. because
s
apal n. residue, e.g. of coconut
meat after it has been squeezed
sapalar
an [r.w. p
alad ] n. taking of
chances or risks, venturing
sapant
aha n. presumption, suspi-

sapat
cion
sap
at adj. enough, sucient
sapat
ero n. shoemaker
sapatilyas n. slippers (for dress
wear), stepin
sap
atos n. shoes
s
api n. member (of a society), organization
sapin n. underlayer, protective underlayer
magsapin, isapin (mag-:i-) v. to
put or use an underlayer. Isapin mo
ang panyo ko. Use my handkerchief
as an undercover.
sap
ok n. a straight box (punch) in
the face
sap
ol adv. at the very beginning, at
the very root
saps
ap n. a species of slipmouth sh
sar
a sumara (-um-) v. to close.
Sumara ang bintana sa lakas ng
hangin. The window closed because
of the strong wind.
magsara, sarah
an, isara (mag:-an, i-) v. to close (something), to
shut, to turn o. Sarahan (sarhan)
mo ang pinto. Close the door.
sar
ado adj. closed, shut, turned o
sar
ap masarap (ma-) adj.
delicious, good
sar
at adj. at (of nose)
sardinas n. sardines
sarili n. self, oneself adj. private
s
ari-s
ari n. variety store
s
aris
ari adj. diverse
sariwa adj. fresh, new, recent
(food)
s
arsa Sp n. sauce
sarsaparilya Sp n. sarsaparilla, a
kind of beverage
sart
en Sp n. frying pan, tin cup for
drinking
sasaky
an n. vehicle for transportation
sastr
e n. tailor, tailor shop
sa
uli magsauli, isauli (mag-:i) v. to return what was borrowed.
Isauli mo ang libro sa aklatan. Return the book to the library.

87

sekreto
sa
ulo magsaulo, saul
uhin (mag:-in) v. to memorize. Sauluhin mo
ang leksiyon. Memorize the lesson.
saw
a n. boa constrictor
saw
a adj. satiated, sated, satised,
tired
saw
ali n. interwoven splits of bamboo for walling
saw
ay pagsaway (pag-) n. prohibition, act of prohibiting, stopping
sawayin (-in) v. to prohibit, to
stop, to forbid. Sawayin mo siya sa
masamang gawain. Stop him from
doing bad things.
sawi adj. ill-fated
saws
aw sumawsaw (-um-) v. to
dip food in liquid, e.g. sauce
magsawsaw, isawsaw (mag-:i-) v.
Isawsaw mo ang langgonisa sa suka.
Dip the (native) sausage in vinegar.
s
aya n. long skirt
say
a masaya (ma-) adj. happy,
cheerful, merry, gay
magsaya (mag-) v. to be happy,
to be cheerful, to be gay. Magsaya
tayong lahat! Lets all be happy!
say
ad adj. touching or dragging on
oor at bottom, or on the sides
s
ayang! Mal intj. what a pity!
masayang (ma-) v. to be wasted.
Nasayang ang pagod ko. My eorts
were wasted.
say
aw sayawan (-an) n. a dance,
a social gathering for dancing, a
ball
sumayaw (-um-) v. to dance.
Sumayaw kami kagabi. We went
dancing last night.
magsayaw,
isayaw,
sayawin
(mag-:i-, -in) v. Sayawin mo ang
tinikling. Dance the tinikling.
say
ote n. pear-shaped vegetable
says
ay n. value, worth
s
ebo Sp n. tallow, fat
sekr
eta Sp n. detective, plainclothesman
sekret
arya/o n. secretary (feminine/masculine)
sekr
eto Sp n. secret

seda
masekreto (ma-) adj. secretive
s
eda Sp n. silk
seg
uro Sp n. insurance
s
elan maselan (ma-) adj. fastidious, meticulous, particular
s
elos magselos (mag-) v. to
be jealous. Huwag kang magselos.
Dont be jealous.
s
elula n. cell
sely
ado adj. sealed, stamped
s
elyo n. stamp
sement
eryo n. cemetery
senador/a n.
senator
(masculine/feminine)
sentido Sp n. sense (of an expression) [var. sintido]
sentido-kom
un Sp n. common
sense [var. sintido-kum
on]
sentiment
al adj. sentimental
sentimy
ento Sp n. sentiment
magsentimyento
(mag-)
v.
Nagsentimyento siya sa akin. He
harbored hurt feelings against me.
seny
al Sp n. mark, sign [var. siny
al ]
s
enyas Sp n. sign, signal, mark [var.
siny
as]
sumenyas (-um-) v. Sumenyas siya
sa weyter. He signaled to the waiter.
seny
or Sp n. sir, mister, lord, master
[var. siny
or ]
seny
ora Sp n. madam, mistress,
aristocratic lady [var. siny
ora]
senyorita Sp n. little miss, miss, little mistress, (deprecatingly) girl who
dislikes work [var. sinyurita]
sepilyo n. toothbrush, brush [var.
sipilyo]
Septiy
embre n. September [var.
Setyembre]
serb
esa n. beer
serbid
or/a n. waiter/waitress
serbily
eta n. table napkin
serbisyo Sp n. service
ser
eno Sp n. night watchman, night
breeze, nocturnal coolness causing
chill
s
ermon n. sermon
set
enta Sp num. seventy n. seventy centavos

88

siga
si part. singular focus marker of
proper nouns of names
sib
ak Ch sibakin (-in) v. to split
wood with a hatchet. Sinibak niya
ang punungkahoy. He chopped down
the tree.
sib
ad n. sudden burst of ight
sib
at n. spear
sibi n. shed attached to side of
house, balcony, portico
sib
ol n. growth, bud, sprout, spring
of water
sumibol (-um-) v. to grow, sprout.
Sumibol ang butong itinanim ko. The
seed that I planted grew.
sib
uyas n. onions
sibuyas na m
ura n. green onion
sikad n. backward kick, energy,
force, potency
sumikad, isikad (-um-:i-) v. to
kick backward. Sumisikad ang
kabayo sa galit. The horse is kicking
(backwards) in anger.
sikap masikap (ma-) adj. diligent, active, assiduous
magsikap (mag-) v. to strive,
to persevere, to work diligently.
Magsikap ka para yumaman ka.
Work diligently so you will get rich.
sikat n. rays
sikip masikip (ma-) adj. tight,
crowded, narrow, snug
sikl
ot n. a game of skill consisting of
throwing up a given number of seeds
(of sigay, small shells or small stones)
and catching them with the back of
the hand
sikm
ura n. stomach
siko n. elbow
siksik sumiksik, magsiksik,
isiksik (-um-, mag-: i-) v. to cram
in, to force into, to crowd in. Huwag
kang sumiksik sa akin. Dont crowd
me.
sikul
ate n. chocolate [var. tsokol
ate]
sidhi masidhi adj. assiduous, intensive
sig
a n. bonre
magsiga, siga
an (mag-:-an) to

sig
ang
build a bonre. Magsiga ka na.
Build a bonre.
sig
ang magsigang, sigangin, isigang (mag-:in, i-) v. to cook with
broth and condiments, to stew. Magsisigang ako ng sugpo sa Biernes. Ill
cook prawns on Friday.
sigarilyas n. winged seguidillas
beans
sigarilyo n. cigarette
magsigarilyo (mag-) v. to smoke
a cigarette. Bawal magsigarilyo dito.
Its prohibited to smoke here.
sig
asig n. assiduity, persistence
siga-siga adj. showing-o as able to
take it easy (with a feeling of security
and pride), being such a show-o
sig
aw sumigaw (-um-) v. to
shout, to call out loud, to scream.
Sumigaw ang pasyente sa sakit. The
patient screamed in pain.
isigaw (i-) v. to yell out something
sigay n. shells of small snails
sige intj. go on, go ahead, proceed,
continue part. go on, proceed, continue. O sige. Okay then; well; okay;
all right. Sige na. Come on.
sigl
a masigla (ma-) adj. lively, enthusiastic
sign
os Sp n. fatal sign, fate
sigsag adj. zigzag
sig
undo Sp n. second (of time)
sigur
ado adj. sure, certain
sig
uro adv. maybe, perhaps, probably
siit n. branchlets of bamboo
sil
a pron. they
sil
ab n. blaze of burning garbage,
re, conagration
silab
an (-an) v. Silaban mo ang
basura. Burn the garbage.
sil
ahis Sp n. rays of the sun breaking
through the clouds
sil
ang n. mountain pass, narrow
path along mountain sides
Sil
angan n. East, Orient
sil
at n. slit between strips of bamboo
oor, break on the oor
silaw n. glare

89

simul
a
sil
aw adj. dazzled
masilaw (ma-) v. to be dazzled.
Nasilaw siya sa salapi. He was
dazzled by the money.
silb
ato n. whistle, sound of whistle
or siren
silbi magsilbi, isilbi (mag-:i-) v.
to serve. Nagsisilbi na ang weyter.
The waiter is serving already.
sili n. pepper
silid n.
room,
bedroom
[var.
kuw
arto]
silid-aral
an n. classroom, study
room
silindro n. harmonica
silip sumilip, manilip (-um-;
mang-) v. to peep. Sumilip siya sa
mikroskopyo. He peeped into the
microscope.
manilip, silipin (mang-:-in) v. to
peep at something
silo n. loop, lariat
silong n. basement, space below the
house, ground oor
silya n. chair
simb
a simbahan (-an) n. church
sumimba, magsimba (-um-, mag) v. to go to church. Nagsisimba siya
tuwing Linggo. He goes to church every Sunday.
sim
ento n. cement
simi n. refuse or remnants of sh
fallen on the dining table
sim
ot adj. picked up to the last
grain or piece (from oor, soil, dish
or container) entirely consumed,
taken, or used
simutin (-in) v. to scrape up.
Sinimot niya ang natirang kanin sa
pinggan. He scraped up all of the
rice left on the plate.
simoy n. breeze
simp
atika adj. charming
simple Sp adj. simple
simsim n. trying the taste of something, slow enjoyment of something
pleasant
simul
a n. beginning
magsimula, simulan (mag-:-an)

simyento
v. to start, to begin. Simulan mo na
ang iyong trabaho. Start your work.
simy
ento n. concrete
sin
a mkr. plural focus marker of
si, used before names of persons to
mean and company. sina Luis...
Luis and his companions...
sinag n. rays or light (from sun,
moon, stars, lamp), halo around
heads of images of saints
sinat n. slight fever
sinang
ag n. fried rice adj. fried
sink
aw magsinkaw, isinkaw
(mag-:i-) v. to harness. Ang
magsasaka ay nagsisinkaw ng kalabaw. The farmer is harnessingthe
carabao.
sindi sumindi (-um-) v. to light
up
magsindi, sindih
an, isindi (mag:-an, i-) v. to kindle, to light. Sindihan mo ang sigarilyo ko. Light my
cigarette.
sine n. movie theatre, cinema
magsine (mag-) v. (to see a) movie.
Magsine tayo sa Sabado. Lets see a
movie this Saturday.
sin
elas n. slippers [var. tsinelas]
sinib
uyas n. bulb (plant)
sinigw
elas n. variety of plum
sino int. who?
sin
ok n. hiccough, hiccup
sinop masinop (ma-) adj.
economical, thrifty, frugal, careful
sinsilyo Sp n. loose change
sinsin masinsin (ma-) adj. close
sint
a Mal n. love between man and
woman, love of man for the diety,
love for the country
kasint
ahan (ka-an) n. sweet-heart
sint
as Sp n. lace, lacing, shoestring
sintido Sp n. the temples
sintido kom
un Sp
n. common
sense [var. sentido kom
un]
sint
unis Sp n. term common in the
Batangas area for Mandarin type or
tangerine orange, native orange
sintur
on n. belt
sin
ulid n. thread

90

sipi
sinuman pro. whoever [var. sino
man]
sinung
aling adj. dishonest, liar
magsinungaling (mag-) v. to tell
a lie or a falsehood. Nagsinungaling
siya sa akin. He lied to me.
sin
u-sin
o int. who (plural)
sing
a suminga, isinga (-um-:i-)
v. to expel mucus from the nose.
Suminga ka. Blow your nose. Isinga
mo ang sipon mo. Blow out the
mucus from your nose.
sing
aw n. vapor, steam
singkam
as n. yam bean (native
turnip)
singk
aw n. yoke
isingkaw (i-) v. to harness. Isingkaw
mo ang mga kalabaw. Harness the
carabaos.
singko Sp num. ve
singkuw
enta Sp num. fty, a native term for fty centavos is is
ang
salapi
singh
al n. local vocal outburst of
anger, angry snap
singil n. price quoted, charge,
collection of payment of debt
sumingil, singilin (-um-:-in) v.
to collect payment for accounts.
Siningil niya ang mga may utang sa
kaniya. He collected the debts of all
those who owed him.
singit sumingit (-um-) v. to
stand in between, to cut into.
Sumingit siya sa pila. He cut into
the line.
magsingit, isingit (mag-:i-) v. to
insert in slits or chinks. Isingit mo
ito sa unang talata. Insert this in
the rst paragraph.
singsing n. ring
sipa sumipa, manipa, sip
ain
(-um-, mang-:-in) v. to kick. Nanipa
ang kabayo. The horse kicked.
sipag
masipag (ma-)
adj.
diligent, hard-working, industrious
siper n. zipper
sipi n. copy, number of issue
sumipi (-um-) n. copy, to quote.

sipilyo
Sumipi siya ng isang kawikaan sa
Bibliya. He quoted a saying from
the Bible.
sipilyo n. brush, usually toothbrush
magsipilyo, sipilyuhin (mag-:-in)
v. to brush (ones teeth). Magsipilyo
ka pagkatapos mong kumain. Brush
your teeth after eating.
siping sumiping (-um-) v. to lie
down beside, to place by the side.
Sumiping si Dina sa akin. Dina laid
down beside me.
sipit n. tongs, pincers, chopsticks
sipol Sp n. whistling, sound of
whistling or of a siren
sumipol (-um-) v. to whistle. Sumisipol siya habang nagtratrabaho. He
whistles while he works.
sip
on n. cold, catarrh
sipsip sumipsip, sipsipin (-um:in) v. to sip, to suck. Sumipsip siya
sa iniinom ko. She sipped from my
drink.
sira n. a tear (as in clothing), a
defect
sir
a adj. destroyed, broken
sumira (-um-) v. to destroy, to
break, to rip, to tear. Sumira siya sa
aming usapan. She broke our verbal
agreement.
manira, sir
ain (mang-:-in) v.
Huwag mong sirain ang laruan.
Dont break the toy.
sirko Sp n. circus, acrobatics
sir
ena Sp n. mermaid, siren, foghorn
sis
ante Sp adj. dismissed from
oce
masisante (ma-) v. to be red, to
lose ones job
magsisante, sisantehin (mag-:-in)
v. to re (someone), to dismiss from
the oce. Magtrabaho kang mabuti
para huwag kang sisantehin. Work
hardso you wont get red.
sisi magsisi (mag-) v. to repent,
to regret. Baka magsisi ka lang. You
might just regret it.
manisi, sisihin (mang-:-in) v. to
lay the blame on someone. Sisihin

91

sorbetes
mo si Bert sa nangyari. Blame Bert
for what happened.
sisid n. diving head rst into the
water, swimming under water
sumisid, sisirin (-um:-in) v. to
swim underwater. Sumisid siya sa
dagat. He dove into the sea.
sisidl
an n. comparatively small covered container (from silid)
sisil n. brush (native)
sisiw n. chick
sist
e masiste (ma-) adj. entertaining, full of jokes
sitaw n. string beans or longbean
sitsaro n. snow pea, pea pod
sitsar
on n. pork rind, cracklings
(pork)
sitsirika n. Madagascar periwinkle
sitsit Ch n. gossip, the sound of a
call: pssst
siwang n. slit, crevice, space of a
small opening (as of window or
door)
siy
a pron. he/she
siy
am num. nine
siyansi n. kitchen turner (spatula)
[var. siyanse ]
siy
anga (+ba) adv. really, honestly, is that so? [syn. talag
a]
siy
empre adv. always, of course,
surely, naturally. Siyempre, tama
ka. Of course, you are right.
siy
ense n. spatula
siy
ete Sp num. seven
siy
opaw Sp n. steamed rice cake
with meat and condiments inside
siyud
ad n. city
s
obra adj/adv. in excess of
s
obre Sp n. envelope
s
olo n. single, alone adj. solo, alone,
solitary
magsolo (mag-) v. to be by oneself,
to be alone. Magsolo ka na lang sa
kuwarto. Just stay alone in the room.
solomilyo n. tenderloin
sombr
ero Sp n. hat [var. sumbrero,
sumblero, sumbalilo]
sop
a n. sofa, couch
s
opas Sp n. soup

sosyal
sorb
etes n. ice cream
sosy
al adj. social, friendly
sotangh
on n. transparent bean noodle, long rice
st
epin n. slippers
su! intj. shoo! Sound used for driving away fowls or animals.
sub
alit conj. but, less common
than ng
unit and d
atapwat
sub
asta Sp n. auction
magsubasta, isubasta (mag-:i-) v.
to sell or oer for sale at auction. Isusubasta nila ang kanilang kasangkapan. Theyll auction their furniture.
subayb
ay n. attentive and careful
observation made by following up
the progress of the objective
s
ubo sumubo, isubo (-um:i-)
v. to get into trouble. Sumubo siya
sa gulo. He got into trouble.
magsubo, isubo (mag-:i-) v. to
feed or put food into the mouth.
Isubo mo ito sa bata. Put this into
the childs mouth.
s
ubok magsubok,
sub
ukin
(mag-:-in) v. to try, to test. Subukin
mong magsalita ng Tagalog. Try to
speak in Tagalog.
manubok (mang-) v. to spy on.
Gusto mo bang manubok sa ginagawa ng mga dayuhan? Do you
like to spy on the activities of the
foreigners?
subs
ob sumubsob (-um-) v. to
fall on the face. Sumubsob siya sa
pagmamadali. He fell on his face
when he was rushing.
magsubsob, isubsob (mag-:i-) v.
to get intensely involved. Isubsob
mo ang sarili mo sa iyong ginagawa.
Involve yourself intensely in what
youre doing.
s
uka n. vinegar
s
uka n. vomit
sumuka, isuka (-um:i-) v. to vomit,
to throw up. Sumuka siya kanina. He
vomitted a little while ago.
magsuk
a (mag-) v. Baka magsuka
ka. You might vomit.

92

s
ukob
s
ukal n. dirt, refuse
s
ukat sukat
an (-an) n. a measure
p.v. tting, right. Hindi mo sukat
ikagalit. It is not right for you to get
angry.
sumukat, suk
atin (-um-:-in) v.
to measure, to try on. Sukatin mo
ang haba ng kuwarto. Measure the
length of the room.
magsukat, isukat (mag-:i-) v.
Isukat mo ang bagong damit. Try on
the new dress.
sukbit
magsukbit,
isukbit
(mag-:i-) v. to let something hang
from the waistline, to hook on to
ones belt skirt, or trousers. Isukbit
mo ang itak. Let the bolo hang from
your side.
s
uki n. customer of long standing
sukl
am n. aversion, repugnance,
loathing, disgust
masuklam (ma-) v. to be disgusted. Nasuklam ako sa ginawa
niya. I got disgusted at what he did.
sukl
ay n. comb
magsuklay, suklayin (mag-:-in)
v. to comb the hair. Magsuklay ka.
Comb your hair. Suklayin mo ang
buhok ng bata. Comb the childs
hair.
sukli n. change (from a purchase)
magsukli, isukli (mag-:i-) v. to
change money. Isukli mo itong diyes
sa bata. Give this ten cents change
to the child.
sukl
ob magsuklob,
isuklob
(mag-:i-) v. to cover completely,
to cover with encasing around the
sides. Isuklob mo ito nang hindi ka
mabasa ng ulan. Use this for a cover
so you wont get wet from the rain.
s
uko sumuko (-um-) v. to
surrender, to give up, to succumb.
Sumuko ang kriminal. The criminal
surrendered.
isuko (i-) v. to give up or surrender
something. Isuko mo ang baril na
ginamit mo. Give up the gun that
you used.

suksok
s
ukob sumukob (-um-) v. to
share a cover or shelter (e.g. umbrella). Sumukob si Rosita sa payong
ko. Rosita shared my umbrella.
magsukob, isukob (mag-:i-) v.
Isukob mo ang bata sa payong mo.
Let the child share your umbrella.
suks
ok magsuksok, isuksok
(mag-:i-) v. to insert in between
layers, to keep away, to push down
in a container. Isuksok mo ang
natirang pera. Set aside the money
thats left.
s
uga magsuga, isuga (mag-:i-)
v. to tether. Isuga mo ang kabayo.
Tether the horse.
sug
al n. gambling, any game (usually a game of cards) that involves
a bet or wager
sugalan (-an) n. gambling den
magsugal (mag-) v. to gamble.
Huwag kang magsugal. Dont
gamble.
sugap
a adj. inveterate drunkard
who reels around habitually when
drunk
sugar
ol n. gambler
s
ugat n. wound
sumugat (-um-) v. to hurt. Sumugat sa kanyang damdamin ang alaala
ng lumipas. His feelings became hurt
in remembering the past.
magsugat (mag-) v. to develop into
a wound. Baka magsugat iyan sa
kakakamot mo. That might develop
into a wound from scratching it.
manugat, sug
atan (mang-:-an) v.
to inict pain
Sugbu
anon n. the Cebuano language [var. Sugbuh
anon, Sibuh
anon,
Sebw
ano]
sugp
ong n. connection, juncture,
joint, welding
s
ugo n. representative
s
ugod sumugod, manugod,
sug
urin (-um-, mang:-in) v. to
advance or rush into a forward
attack. Sumugod ang mga kaaway.
The enemies rushed in together in

93

sulsol
an attack.
sugp
o sumugpo (-um-) v. to
suppress or check the progress of
something developing, swelling, or
rising
manugpo, sugpuin (mang-:-in)
v. Sugpuin natin ang kasamaan.
Lets stop (the progress of) evil.
sugp
o n. prawn
s
uha n. pomelo
suhi adj. born in abnormal position
(i.e. feet rst)
s
uhol n. bribery
magsuhol, isuhol (mag-:i-) v. to
bribe. Huwag kang magsuhol. Dont
bribe.
manuhol (mang-) v. Nanuhol ang
dayuhan. The alien engaged in
bribery.
sul
ar Sp n. small fenced lot with
plants and trees, usually surrounding a residence
s
ulat n. letter
sumulat (-um-) v. to write. Sumulat si Tony sa akin. Tony wrote to
me.
magsul
at, sul
atin, isulat (mag:-in, i-) v. to write. Isulat mo ang
tula sa pisara. Write the poem on
the blackboard.
sul
o n. torch
s
ulok n. corner (of room)
s
ulong! intj. go ahead, go away!,
push forward, scram
isulong (i-) v. to push forward.
Isulong mo ang kariton. Push the
cart forward.
sulsi magsulsi (mag-) v. to mend
clothes. Nagsulsi kami ng mga sirang
damit kahapon. We mended the torn
dresses yesterday.
manulsi, sulsih
an (mang-:-an) v.
to mend. Sulsihan mo ang medyas
ko. Mend my socks.
suls
ol manulsol, sumulsol, sulsul
an (mang-,-um-:-an) v. to prod,
to incite someone to do something
usually not good, to instigate.
Nanulsol siya sa mga manggagawa.

suly
ap
He incited the laborers.
suly
ap sumulyap (-um-) v.
to glance, to give a side-glance.
Sumulyap siya sa aking ginagawa.
He gave a side-glance at what I was
doing.
s
uma magsuma, sumahin (mag:-in) v. to sum up. Sumahin mo ang
ating nagasta. Add up our expenditures.
s
uman n. native rice cake wrapped
in banana or palm leaves
sumb
at manumbat (mang-) v. to
upbraid. Nanumbat ang prinsipal kahapon. The principal upbraided people yesterday.
sumb
ong magsumbong, isumbong (mag-:i-) v. to accuse, to tell,
to complain about. Nagsumbong
ang bata sa kanyang ina. The child
turned tattle tale to his mother.
Isumbong mo sa kanyang ama ang
mga kalukohan niya. Tell his father
what nonsense he has done.
sumbr
ero n. hat [var. sombrero]
sump
a sumumpa (-um-) v. to
promise, to make an oath, to curse.
Sumumpa kang mamahalin mo ako
habambuhay. Promise to love me for
as long as I live.
sumpain (-in) v. to curse a person.
Huwag mo akong sumpain. Dont
curse me.
sumpit n. blow gun
sump
ong sumpungin (-in) adj.
moody
sund
alo n. soldier
sund
o manundo,
sunduin
(mang-:-in) v. to fetch a person, to
pass by a person, to meet. Sinundo
namin si Tessie kahapon. We went
by and picked up Tessie yesterday.
sund
ot manundot, sumundot,
sundutin (mang-,-um-:-in) v. to
poke (with the point of a nger,
stick, spear or the like). Sinundot
niya ng lapis ang lobo. He poked the
balloon with a pencil.
sun
od masun
urin (ma-:-in) adj.

94

su
ot
obedient
sumunod, sundin (-um-:-in) v.
to follow, to obey. Sumunod ka sa
iyong magulang. Follow/obey your
parents.
isunod (i-) v. to follow with
something left behind for someone.
s
unog n. a re
sun
ugin (-in) v. to set on re, to
burn. Sinunog ng mga manggagawa
ang tubuhan. The workers burned
the sugarcane eld.
s
unong magsunong, sun
ungin,
isunong (mag-:-in, i) v. to carry on
the head. Sunungin mo ang isang bilaong puto. Carry the tray of rice
cakes on your head.
sunt
ok sumuntok (-um-) v. to
box, to hit with the st. Sumuntok
ang lasing ng mga tao. The drunken
man hit the people.
manuntok, suntukin (mang-:-in)
v. to box, to hit with the st.
Sinuntok niya ang dingding sa galit.
He banged his st against the wall
in anger.
s
ungay n. horn(s) of an animal
sungk
a n. native game
sungki Ch n. acute angled corner,
abnormal tooth growth
sungkit sumungkit (-um-) v. to
pick fruit by means of a hook attached to the end of a pole
manungkit, sungkitin (mang-:-in)
v. to pick fruit by means of a hook
attached to the end of a pole. Sungkitin natin ang mga hinog na prutas.
Lets get the ripe fruit from the tree
by means of a pole.
sungg
ab sumunggab, manunggab, sunggab
an (-um-, mang-:-an)
v. to grab, to grasp, to clutch, to
seize with the hands. Sumunggab ang
mga bata ng mga prutas. The children grabbed the fruits.
s
ungit masungit (ma-) adj. illtempered, short-tempered, sulky, irritable
su
ot n. refers to clothes worn by a

supa
person
sumuot (-um-) v. to go inside or
to go through. Sumuot sila sa isang
madilim na kuweba. They entered a
dark cave.
magsuot, isuot (mag-:i-) v. to
wear an apparel. Magsuot ka ng
magandang damit. Wear an attractive dress. Isuot mo ang bago mong
damit. Wear your new dress.
sup
a Sp n. sofa
supalp
al n. something covering the
mouth, something forced into the
mouth
superbis
or n. supervisor
superintind
ente n. superintendent
supl
ado/a adj. conceited (masculine/feminine)
suplem
ento Sp n. supplement
supling n. sprout, shoots
sup
ok adj. carbonized
s
upot n. small bag, a paper bag,
pouch
s
uri sumuri (-um-) v. to analyze, to examine
magsuri, suriin (mag-:-in) v. to
analyze, to examine, to diagnose.
Sinuri ng doktor ang kanyang
pasyente. The doctor examined his
patient.
s
urot n. bedbug
surtido Sp adj. assorted
sus! intj. an exclamation of surprise
or disapproval, abbreviation for
Hes
us, Jesus
s
usi n. key
susian (-an) v. to lock. Susian mo
ang iyong aparador. Lock your cabinet.
sus
o n. snail
s
uso n. breast
sumuso, sus
uhin (-um-:-in) v. to
suck milk, to nurse. Sumuso ang bata
sa ina. The child was nursed by his
mother.
sus
on n. second layer, reinforcing
layer
magkasuson (magka-) adj. one
layer over another

95

s
uyo
suspendido Sp adj. suspended
sust
ento n. allowance, support
magsustento,
sustentuh
an,
sustentuhin (mag-:-an, -in) v. to
support, to nance. Nagsusustento
si Nonong sa kanyang kapatid.
Nonong is supporting his brother
(or sister). Sustentuhan mo ang
aking pag-aaral. Support me in my
studies.
sutil adj. stubborn, disobedient
sutl
a n. silk
suts
ot sumutsot (-um-) v. sssst!,
a sibilant sound produced to call
someone or to urge silence. Sumutsot
ang dalaga. The young girl called
with a hissing sound.
suw
abe adj. soft, smooth, mild, gentle
suw
ag sumuwag, manuwag,
suwagin (-um-, ma-:-in) v. to butt
with the horns. Sinuwag ng kalabaw
ang magsasaka. The carabao butted
the farmer with his horns.
suwail adj. rebellious, disobedient,
insolent
suw
ay sumuway, suwayin (-um:-in) v. to disobey, to violate, to go
against, to go against the wishes
of somebody. Sumuway si Edna
sa kanyang magulang. Edna went
against her parents. Sinuway niya
ang utos ng magulang niya. She
disobeyed her parents wishes.
suw
elas Sp n. sole (of footwear)
suw
eldo n. pay, salary, wage
sumueldo (-um-) v. to receive
ones pay or salary. Sumuweldo ako
kahapon. I got paid yesterday.
magsuweldo, isuweldo (mag-:i-)
v. to pay ones salary
suw
erte Sp n. luck, good luck, good
fortune
suwi Mal n. shoot (of plants, as bananas)
suwitik adj. tricky, crafty, cunning,
knavish, sly
suy
a adj. fed up
s
uyo manuyo, suy
uin (mang-:-

s
uyod

96

in) v. to win ones aection. Nanuyo

si Remigio kay Tessie. Remigio tried
to win Tessies aection.
s
uyod n. lice comb, ne toothed
comb, farmers harrow
magsuyod, suy
urin (mag-:-in) v.
to comb ones hair with a ne nit
comb, to catch lice, to harrow the
soil, to make an intensive search in
a place. Magsuyod ka at baka may
kuto ka. Comb your hair with a ne
tooth comb because you might have
lice.
sw
eter n. sweater
swipistik n. sweepstakes

T
ta
al adj. genuine, legitimate, native,
inborn, innate
ta
an magtaan, itaan (mag-:i-) v.
to reserve, to save for other people
for some future time. Magtaan ka ng
pagkain para mamayang gabi. Set
aside food for this evening. Itaan
mo ito para bukas. Save this for
tomorrow.
ta
as n. height
kata
asan (ka-an) n. upland adj.
high, tall, height, altitude, superiority
tuma
as (-um-) v. to become higher
or taller. Tumaas si Angel. Angel
has gotten taller.
magtaas, itaas (mag-:i-) v. to put
up, to carry up a height, to hoist.
Itaas mo ang ating bandila. Raise
our ag.
tab
a adj. stout, fat
tumaba (-um-) v. to become stout
tab
ak Mal n. cutlass
tab
ako n. cigar
t
aban n. holder or support (so as to
keep something in position)
tab
ang matabang (ma-) adj.
bland, tasteless, lack of seasoning or
spices
t
abas n. a cut for a dress

tabingi
magtabas, tumabas, tab
asin
(mag-:-um-in) v. to cut the design
or according to a design or pattern,
as of cloth, paper, etc. Tumabas ako
ng damit kagabi. I cut a dress last
night for sewing.
tab
as magtabas,
tumabas,
tabasin (mag-:-um-:-in) v. to cut
down plant growth by hacking away.
Tabasin mo ang mga matataas na
damo sa hardin. Cut the tall grasses
in the garden.
tabi n. side, brim, border adv. beside, by the side of
magtabi, itabi (mag-:-i) v. to save
up, to store. Magtabi ka ng pagkain
para bukas. Store food for tomorrow.
tabi tumabi (-um-) v. to stand beside or aside, to get out of the way,
to go to the side of. Tumabi si Belen
sa akin. Belen came beside me.
magtabi, itabi (mag-:i-) v. to keep
away something for future use. Itabi
mo ang kaunting salapi para sa hinaharap. Set aside some money for the
future.
tabike Sp n. partition wall
t
abig
mangtabig,
tabigin
(mang-:-in) v. to shove violently
with the elbow. Tinabig ng lasing
ang baso. The drunken man pushed
the glass aside violently with his
elbow.
tabil n. glibness of tongue, talkativeness
matabil (ma-) adj. talkative
tumabil (-um-) v. to become
talkative. Tumatabil na ang sanggol.
The baby is already becoming
talkative.
t
abing n. screen, covering screen
tabing-d
agat n. beach, seashore
tabingi adj.
not
symmetrical,
disproportional, unbalanced
tumabingi (-um-) v. to be or to
become unsymmetrical, to become
crooked. Tumabingi ang nakasabit
na litrato. The picture hanging on
the wall became crooked.

tabla
itabingi, tabingiin (i-,-in) v. to
make unsymmetrical
tabl
a n. wood board, lumber
tabl
etas Sp n. tablet (med)
t
abo n. a dipper, scoop, usually a
coconut shell or an empty can
magtabo,
tumabo,
tab
uin
(mag:-um-:-in) v. to scoop water
with a coconut shell or an empty
can, to use a dipper or a coconut
shell or an empty can. Tumabo siya
ng tubig sa tapayan. He scooped out
water from the earthen jar.
t
abon matab
unan (ma-:-an) v.
to be covered with. Natabunan siya
ng buhangin. He was covered with
sand.
magtabon, itabon, tab
unan
(mag-:i-:-an) to cover with earth or
soil. Tabunan mo ng lupa ang siga.
Cover the bonre with soil.
tab
oy n. statement, admonition or
shout given to urge or drive a person to go away, or do something that
should be done right away or earlier.
magtaboy, itaboy (mag-:i-) v. to
drive away, to drive out of. Itaboy mo
ang mga baboy na nasa halamanan.
Drive the pigs out of the garden.
t
abing n. curtain, screen
t
akal takal
an (-an) n. a measure
magtakal,
tumakal,
tak
alin
(mag-:-um-:-in) v. to measure by
volume of liquids, grains or powder.
Magtakal ka ng bigas. Measure the
uncooked rice.
t
akas tumakas (-um-) v. to
escape, to run away. Tumakas ang
bilanggo. The prisoner escaped.
magtakas, itakas (mag-:i-) v. to
run away with something. Itakas mo
ang mga alahas na nakatago. Run
away with the jewelry.
t
akaw matakaw (ma-) adj.
greedy, voracious, gluttonous
takb
o tumakbo (-um-) v. to run.
Tumakbo siya nang matulin. He ran
rapidly.
magtakbo, itakbo (mag-:i-) v. to

97

tady
ak
run with something
takd
a n. limitation, determination
or xing of time, provision (of rule,
ordinance or law)
takilya Sp n. ticket booth, ticket ofce
takily
era n. ticket girl (in theatres)
takip n. cover
magtakip, takip
an (mag-:-an) v.
to cover. Nagtakip siya ng kaniyang
mga mata. He covered his eyes.
Takipan mo ang ulam. Put a cover
on the food (main dish).
takip-silim n. twilight, sunset
takl
ob magtaklob,
itaklob,
taklub
an (mag-:i-:-an) v. to cover,
usually provided with overlapping
sides, to put one side over the other
as in a sandwich. Itaklob mo itong
kumot. Use the blanket for a cover.
Takluban mo ng lona ang binilad na
palay. Cover the dried rice grains
with a canvas.
tak
ong Sp n. shoe or boot heel
t
akot n. fear, fright
nakakatakot (nakaka-) adj. frightening, formidable
matakot (ma-) v. to be frightened,
scared or afraid. Natakot siya sa
nakita niya. He was afraid of what
he saw.
mantakot, tak
utin (mang-:-in)
v. to frighten, to scare. Takutin
natin si Vida mamayang gabi. Lets
frighten Vida later this evening.
t
aksi n. taxi, cab
taksil adj. treacherous, unfaithful
takwil magtakwil, itakwil (mag:i-) v. to disown, to deny, to repudiate. Baka itakwil ka ng iyong ama.
You might be disowned by your father.
tadh
ana n. nature, fate
tadt
ad magtadtad, tadtarin
(mag-:-in) v. to chop to pieces.
Magtadtad ka ng sibuyas. Chop the
onions into small pieces. Tadtarin
mo ang karne. Chop the meat.
tady
ak tumadyak (-um-) v. to

tady
ang
kick backwards, to kick violently.
Tumadyak ang kabayo. The horse
kicked back violently.
mangtadyak, tadyak
an (mang:-an) to kick. Tadyakan kita riyan,
nakita mo. Ill kick you...youll see.
tady
ang n. ribs, spareribs
t
ae n. excreta
tumae, itae (-um-:i-) v. to defecate,
to have a bowel movement. Tumae
ang bata sa sala. The child had a
bowel movement in the living room.
magta
e (mag-) v. to have diarrhea.
Baka magtae ka sa sobra mong kinain. You might get diarrhea from
overeating.
tag
a managa, tagain (mang-:in) v. to hack with a cutting instrument. Tagain mo ang mga panggatong. Hack/chop the rewood. a. a
noun-forming prex meaning native
of or coming from; with verb roots,
it means regular performer of
tagakt
ak n. rapid dropping (of tears
or sweat)
tumagaktak (-um-) v. to perspire
profusely or to cry with tears falling
rapidly. Tumatagaktak ang kanyang
luha kapag siyay nasaktan. Her tears
are falling profusely when she gets
hurt.
tag
al matagal (ma-) adj. late,
that takes a long time, for a long
period of time
tumagal (-um-) v. to endure, to
withstand. Tumagal siya sa hirap.
He withstood the hardship.
magtagal (mag-) v. to take a long
time, to stay long. Huwag kang
magtagal. Dont be long.
tag
a-tangg
ap n. receiver
tagh
oy n. lament, lamentation
tagiktik n. light sound of consecutive drops, ticking of clocks and
watches
tagih
awat n. pimples
tagilid adj. tilted, tipped to one
side, inclined
tumagilid v. to become tilt, to

98

tahimik
become slanted, to become lopsided.
Tumagilid ang bahay dahil sa lindol.
The house became lopsided because
of the earthquake.
magtagilid, itagilid (mag-:i-) to
tilt, to slant. Itagilid mo ang mesa.
Tilt the table.
tagiliran n. side
taglamig n. cold season, winter
(from lamig)
tagl
ay magtaglay,
taglayin
(mag-:-in) v. to bear, to possess.
Nagtataglay si Amalia ng pambihirang kagandahan. Amalia possesses
extraordinary beauty.
t
ago magtago, itago (mag-:i) v. to keep, to hide, to put away.
Nagtago si Maria sa hiya. Maria hid
from shame. Itago mo ang natirang
pagkain. Put away the leftover food.
tag
os tumagos, tagus
an (um-:-an) v. to penetrate, reach
through a whole width, thickness
or length. Tumagos ang lanseta sa
kanyang katawan. The pocket-knife
penetrated his body.
tagpi n. patch, patching (of cloth)
to cover a tear or break
tagp
o magtagpo,
tagpuin
(mag-:-in) v. to meet, to agree to
meet, to meet each other. Magtagpo
tayo bukas sa paaralan. Lets meet
each other at school tomorrow.
Tagpuin mo ako sa opisina. Meet
me at the oce.
tag-ul
an n. rainy or wet season
tagump
ay n. victory
t
ahan magtahan,
tumahan
(mag-:-um-) to cease or stop crying.
Tumahan ang bata sa pag-iyak. The
child stopped crying.
tah
anan n. home
tahi tumahi (-um-) v. to sew.
Tumahi si Kelly ng damit ko. Kelly
sewed my dress.
manahi, tahiin (mang-:-in) v. to
sew. Nanahi ako kagabi. I sewed last
night. Tahiin mo ang damit ng bata.
Sew the childs dress.

tahip
tahimik adj. quiet, peaceful, tranquil
tahip n. up and down movement
of rice grains being winnowed on
a at basket, rapid palpitation or
throbbing (of heartbeat)
tumahip (-um-) v. to beat rapidly
(heart). Tumahip ang dibdib ni
Marta dahil sa takot. Martas heart
beat rapidly because of fear.
magtahip, tahipin (mag-:-in) v.
winnow (cereals)
tah
o n. Chinese mongo bean jelly
or meal with syrup sold by Chinese
peddlers, bean curd
tah
ol tumahol (-um-) v. to bark.
Tumahol ang aso. The dog barked.
tah
ong n. salt water mussel, a
species of clam
t
ahuri Ch n. fermented salted soybean curd
taimtim mataimtim (ma-) adj.
sincere
tainga n. ear
t
ala n. bright star
tal
ab tumalab (-um-) v. to
cut through, to be eective, i.e.
medicine, instruction, etc. Tumalab
din ang pangaral mo. Your advice
was eective.
talab
a n. oyster
talakitok n. cavalla, a species of sh
talag
a adv. truly, really, honestly
[syn. siyang
a ]
tal
ahib n. a species of tall grass
talamp
akan n. sole of foot, a foot
long [syn. piye ]
talangk
a n. small crab
t
alas matalas (ma-) adj. sharp,
acute
t
ali n/qnt. a bundle (tied with a
string)
magtali, itali (mag-:i-) v. to tie.
Itali mo ang aso. Tie the dog.
talik
od tumalikod (-um-) v. to
turn ones back to, to renounce, to
forsake. Tumalikod siya sa kanyang
sinabi. She renounced her statement.
talilong n. mullet (immature)

99

t
ama ka na
talim matalim (ma-) adj. sharp
talino matalino (ma-) adj. intelligent, wise, sharp
t
aling n. mole
talingh
aga n. allegory, gure of
speech, metaphor [var. talinh
aga ]
talipap
a n. sh-market with temporary stalls under at sheds
t
alo adj. defeated, beaten, surpassed
matalo (ma-) v. to be defeated, to
lose. Natalo sila sa basketbol. They
lost the basketball game.
mangtalo, tal
unin (mang-:-in)
v. to defeat, to surpass, to win
over. Baka talunin ka ni Juan. John
might defeat you.
tal
on n. waterfall
t
alon tumalon, talunin (-um-:in) v. to jump, to leap. Tumalon si
Linda. Linda jumped. Tinalon niya
ang kanal. He jumped over the canal.
t
along n. eggplant
t
alop n. act of peeling adj. peeled,
decorticated
tal
os adj. comprehended, perfectly
understood
tal
ukab n. carapace (of crabs)
tal
ukap n. sheath of palm leaves or
banana stalk, eyelid
talukb
ong n. head covering
tal
ulot n. petals of owers
talump
ati n. speech
magtalumpati (mag-) v. to give a
speech. Nagtalumpati ang senador.
The senator gave a speech.
taly
asi n. vat, medium-sized iron
vat (for cooking)
taly
er Sp n. mill, factory, workshop
t
ama adj. correct, right, true
tumama (-um-) to hit the mark, to
be right or correct. Tumama sa ulo
niya ang bola. The ball hit him right
on the head.
magtama, itama (mag-:-i) v. to
put correctly
tam
ak adj. impregnated
t
ama ka na an expression which is
a mild or aectionate way of saying,

tamad

100

Oh, stop it or Oh, shut up

tam
ad adj. lazy, idle, indolent
tamb
ak n. a heap, a pile, ller (soil)
magtambak, itambak (mag-:i-) v.
to pile, to dump into, to ll up with
rubbish, earth or stones. Itambak mo
ang mga basura sa isang tabi. Pile
the garbage in one corner.
tamb
ad adj. exposed to view
tamb
al magtambal (mag-) v.
to pair up, to be billed together.
Nagtambal ang dalawang sikat na
artista. The two famous lm stars
paired up/billed together (in a
lm).
itambal (i-) v. to pair. Itambal mo
si Tessie kay Remigio. Pair Tessie
with Remigio.
tamb
an n. herring
tamb
o n. soft broom
tamb
ol n. drum
magtambol, itambol (mag-:i-) v.
to drum, to pound as a drum. Magtambol ka. Beat the drum.
tamb
uli n. bugle made of horn
tamis n. sweetness
matamis (ma-) adj. sweet (food) n.
sweets, desserts
tam
o magtamo, itamo (mag-:i-)
v. to obtain, to acquire, to be
awarded. Nagtamo si Jose ng isang
karangalan. Joe attained an honor.
tamp
al manampal, tampalin
(mang-:-in) v. to slap with the hand
[var. samp
al ]. Baka tampalin ka
niya. He might slap you.
tampal
asan adj. wicked, perverse,
destructive [syn. buh
ong, imbi,
wal
ang-pakund
angan, suwail ]
tampipi n. chest or trunk made of
palm leaves
tampis
aw magtampisaw (mag-)
to wade in the water. Nagtampisaw
kami sa tabing dagat. We waded in
the seashore.
tamp
o magtampo (mag-) v. to
sulk. Nagtampo si Dolores. Dolores
sulked.
t
anan magtanan, itanan (mag-

tan
ong

:i-) v. to elope, to elope with. Nagtanan sina Celia at Romy. Celia and
Romy eloped. Itanan mo ang iyong
kasintahan. Elope with your sweetheart.
tan
aw tan
awin (-in) n. scenery,
landscape, view
matanaw, tumanaw, tanawin
(mang-:-um-:-in) v. to look. Tumanaw ka sa dakong silangan. View
the easterly direction. Tanawin
mo ang dagat at bundok. View the
ocean and the mountain.
tand
a n. mark or sign
tand
a n. age
tumanda (-um-) v. to age, to get
older. Tumanda agad ang presidente.
The president aged quickly.
tand
a
magtanda,
tanda
an
(mag-:-an) v. to remember, to
retain. Tandaan mo ang sinabi ko.
Mark my words. Uli-uli magtanda
ka. Next time learn from your
experience.
tand
ang n. rooster
tanikal
a n. chain
tanim n. plants
magtanim, itanim (mag-:i-) v. to
plant. Nagtanim kami ng kamote sa
bakuran. We planted sweet potatoes
in the backyard. Itanim mo ang mustasa. Plant the mustard.
t
aning n. a time limit
magtaning, taningan (mag-:-an)
v. to give a time limit. Ang guro ay
nagtaning sa kanya na gawin ang
kanyang proyekto hanggang sa isang
linggo. The teacher gave him a time
limit to do his project until next
week.
t
anod n. sentinel, guard
tan
ong n. a question
magtanong, tanungin, itanong
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to ask, to question,
to inquire. Nagtanong siya sa akin.
He asked me. Itanong mo sa kanya
kung anong oras magsisimula ang
miting. Ask him what time the
meeting will start. Tinanong niya

tanso

101

ako kung akoy masipag. He asked

me if I am industrious.
tans
o n. copper
tant
o n. realized
tany
ag adj. popular, known, famous
tang
a adj. stupid, ignorant, idiot
t
angan tumangan (-um-) v. to
hold on, to hold onto. Tumangan ka
sa akin. Hold on to me.
magtangan, tang
anan (mag-:-an)
v. to hold in hand, to hold onto.
Tanganan mo ang iyong kapatid.
Hold onto your brother (sister).
tang
ay adj. carried away (by
seizure, force, mouth)
tangk
a magtangka, tangkain
(mag-:-in) v. to premeditate, to
plan, to intend. Nagtangka siyang
magpakamatay. He planned to commit suicide. Baka tangkain niyang
ako ay patayin. He might plan to
kill me.
tangk
ad matangkad (ma-) adj.
tall and slender of stature
tangk
al n. cage of chickens
tangk
e n. tank
tangg
al magtanggal, tanggalin
(mag-:-in) v. to unfasten, to dismantle, to remove, to take o. Nagtanggal si Rosita ng sapatos niya. Rosita
took o her shoes. Tinanggal ni Nita
ang kanyang salamin. Nita took o
her glasses.
tangg
ap tumanggap,
tanggapin (-um-:-in) v. to receive, to
accept, to admit. Tumanggap ako
ng sulat kahapon. I got a letter
yesterday. Tanggapin mo ang aking
pakikiramay. Accept my condolence.
tangg
apan n. oce
tanggi tumanggi, tanggih
an (um-:-an) v. to refuse, to deny. Tumanggi ako sa alok niya. I refused his
oer. Tinanggihan ko ang mga bintang niya. I refused his accusations.
t
anggo n. tango (dance)
tangg
ol n. defense
magtanggol, itanggol (mag-:i-) v.
to defend

t
apa

ipagtanggol (ipag-) v. to defend.

Ipagtanggol mo ang inyong bayan.
Defend your country.
tangh
al tangh
alan (-an) n. place
where the show or program is exhibited adj. exalted, prominent
magtanghal, tanghalin (mag-:-in)
v. to exalt, to exhibit. Tatanghalin
sa isang linggo ang bagong pelikula.
The new lm will be exhibited next
week.
tangh
ali adj. late (time), not early
adv. late, high noon, midday
tanghalian (-an) n. lunch, noon
meal
mananghali (mang-) v. to have
lunch. Nananghali ka na ba? Did
you have lunch already?
t
angi adj. special, favorite, one and
only
tang
o tumango, itango (-um:i-) v. to nod, to say yes. Tumango
siya. He nodded. Itango mo ang iyong ulo. Nod your head.
t
angos n. (Geog) cape, promontory,
peninsula
t
angos n. prominence (physically,
as of nose or forehead), high-bridged
nose
matangos (ma-) adj. high-bridged
nose
t
ao n. person
Tao po ! a phrase used by a caller
to announce his presence at the entrance of a home. (Lit. There is a
person here.)
ta
ob tumaob (-um-) v. to capsize,
to put face down, to overturn. Tumaob ang bangka. The canoe turned
over.
magtaob, itaob (mag-:i-) v. to capsize, to put face down, to overturn.
Itaob mo ang mga plato. Turn the
plates over.
ta
on n. year
ta
ong n/quan.
kerosene
can
(appoximately ve gallon)
t
aong-b
ahay n.
housekeeper,
housewife

t
apak

102

t
apa n. jerked beef or pork, dried
meat
t
apak tumapak, tap
akan (-um:-an) v. to tread on, to lay the foot
on, to step on. Tapakan mo ito. Step
on this.
magtap
ak (mag-) v. to go barefoot.
Magtapak tayo bukas. Lets go barefoot tomorrow.
t
apal magtapal, itapal (mag-:i-)
v. to patch, to apply. Itapal mo ito
kung masakit ang iyong ulo. Apply
this if your head aches.
t
apang matapang (ma-) adj.
brave, courageous
tap
at n. the place in front, that
which is across adv. in front of
tumapat (-um-) v. to stand in
front of. Tumapat si Pedro sa akin.
Pedro stood in front of me.
magtapat, itapat (mag-: i-) v. to
put directly in front. Itapat mo ang
mesa ko kay Alma. Put my table in
front of Alma.
tap
at matapat (ma-) adj. honest,
truthful, sincere, loyal
magtapat (mag-) v. to tell the
truth, to be frank, sincere, honest.
Magtapat ka sa akin. Tell me the
truth.
tap
ayan n. large earthen jar for water storage
tap
ete n. tablecloth
t
api n. a piece of cloth usually
wrapped around the body or
wrapped from the waist down.
magtapi, itapi (mag-: i-) v. to
wrap a piece of cloth around the
body. Itapi mo ang tuwalya. Wrap
the towel around yourself.
tapiy
oka n. tapioca
tap
on n. cork, stopper, plug
t
apon tumapon (-um) v. to be
spilled. Tumapon ang gatas. The
milk got spilled.
magtapon, itapon (mag-: i-) v. to
throw away, to cart aside something.
Nagtapon ako ng basura kagabi. I
threw the garbage last night. Itapon

tat
ag

mo ang mga hindi mo kailangan.

Throw out what you dont need.
t
apos n. ending, conclusion adv.
afterwards
magtap
os (mag-) v. to graduate.
Nagtapos ako sa Dalubhasang Normal ng Pilipinas. I graduated from
Philippine Normal College.
tap
usin (-in) v. to nish. Tapusin
mo ang ipinagagawa ko sa iyo.
Finish what Ive asked you to do.
tapy
as n. facet (as on a precious
stone) resulting from shipping or
shaping adj. chipped, trimmed
tarab
aho n. work [var. trab
aho]
t
arak n. knife or dagger sticking out
with a sharp end embedded
nakatarak (naka-) adj. plunged in
as of a dagger
itarak (i-) v. to stab with (a knife
or dagger)
tar
akan (-an) v. to stab (a person
or animal) with a knife or dagger.
Tatarakan ni Virgilio ang baboy. Virgilio will stab the pig.
tarant
ado Sp adj. a person with
misdirected acts
tar
ang n. stamping of feet (in pain
or anger)
tarangk
a Sp n. bar or closing-peg
across a door or window [var.
trangk
a]
tarh
eta Sp n. calling or visiting card
tartanilya Sp n. round-top two
wheeled horse-drawn carriage
t
asa n. cup
tast
as adj. unstitched, detached,
ripped
magtastas, tastasin (mag-:-in) v.
to rip what has been sewn. Tastasin
mo ang tahi ng damit. Rip the
sewing of the dress.
tat
ak n. imprint, stamp, seal, mark,
trademark
tat
ag matatag adj. stable,
solvent
tat
ag magtatag, itatag (mag-:i-)
v. to found, to organize, to establish.
Nagtatag si Cres ng isang samahan.

tat
as

103

Cres organized a club.

tat
as matatas (ma-) adj. uent
t
atay n. father (term of address and
reference)
tatl
o num. three
tats
ulok n. triangle
tat
u Eng n. tattoo [var. tat
o]
t
awa tumawa (-um-) v. to laugh.
Tumawa si Rogelio nang malakas.
Roger laughed loudly.
magtawa (mag-) v. to laugh
continuously
t
awad n. a discount, reduction in
price
tumawad,
taw
arin,
itawad,
taw
aran (-um-:-in: i-:-an) v. to
bargain, to ask for a discount. Tumawad ako. I bargained. Tawaran
mo ng uno singkuwenta. Try to buy
it for one fty.
t
awag tumawag, taw
agin (-um:-in) v. to call. Tumawag ang tatay
mo kanina. Your father called a
few minutes ago. Tawagin mo si
Ernesto. Call Ernesto.
magtaw
ag (mag-) v. to call.
Magtawag ka ng makakasama sa
atin. Call (the people) that can go
with us.
t
awas n. alum
tawid n. crossing, act of crossing or
going across (a street, river, stretch
of country)
tumawid, tawirin, itawid (-um-:in: i-) v. to take across, to help someone cross the street. Itawid mo ang
bulag. Help the blind man across the
street.
tawsi Ch n. beans preserved in soy
sauce
tay
a n. the it in a game
tumaya (-um-) v. to wager, to bet
on. Tumaya kami sa kabayong itim.
We bet on the black horse.
magtaya, itaya (mag-:i-) v. to
wager, to bet. Itaya mo ang lahat
ng iyong salapi. Bet all the money
you have.
tay
o tumayo (-um-) v. to stand,

tibo

to build, to let stand. Tumayo ka

Pedro. Stand up Pedro.
magtayo, itayo (mag-:i-) v. to
stand, to construct, to build, to
let stand. Nagtayo sila ng bahay.
They built a house. Itayo mo ang
halaman. Straighten up the plant.
t
ayo pron. we (inclusive, you and I
or you, I and others)
t
ayog matayog (ma-) adj. high,
altitude, elevation
t
aypis Eng n. typist
t
eka part. an expression which
means just a minute or by the
way, derived from hintay ka
t
ela n. cloth, clothing material
telebisyon n. television, television
set
telegr
ama n. telegram, cable
tel
epono n. telephone
temperat
ura n. temperature
t
ena part. an expression which
means lets go or come on, a
contraction of t
ayo na
t
enis Eng n. tennis
tentasy
on Sp n. temptation [var.
temtasy
on]
teny
ente Sp n. lieutenant [var.
tininte, tinyente]
t
enga n. ear, originally pronounced
tainga or t
aynga
tengang-dag
a n.
dried
black
mushroom
terible Sp n. terrible
t
ermos Sp n. thermos bottle
t
erno n. womans native costume
with buttery sleeves, formal attire
(see s
aya)
tesur
ero/a n. treasurer (masculine/feminine) [var. tesorero]
t
etano Sp n. tetanus
ti
anak n. folkloric elf or goblin [var.
tiy
anak ]
tibay
matibay
(ma-)
adj.
durable, sturdy, lasting
tibi n. constipation, costiveness
tibo n. splinter of glass
matibo (ma-) v. be splintered by
glass. Natibo ang kanyang daliri. His

tib
ok

104

nger was splintered by glass.

tib
ok tumibok (-um-) v. to
throb, to pulsate, to beat. Tumibok
ang kanyang puso nang nakita niya
ang kanyang mahal. Her heart beat
fast when she saw her lover.
tiket n. ticket
tikim tumikim, tikm
an (-um-:an) v. to taste, to sample food. Tumikim si Loly sa niluluto ko. Loly
tasted my cooking. Tikman mo itong
adobo. Taste this adobo.
tikis adv. on purpose, intentionally
tikling n. rail bird with long legs
tikl
op n. fold
tumiklop (-um-) v. to fold
magtiklop, tiklupin (mag-:-in) v.
to fold. Tiklupin mo ang mga kumot.
Fold the blankets.
tiktik n. spy
tig
ang adj. extremely dry (soil)
tig
as matigas (ma-) adj. hard,
tough, tenacious
tigd
as n. measles
tigib adj. lled, overburdened, overloaded
tigil tumigil (-um-) v. to stop,
to discontinue, to suspend. Tumigil
si Rosy sa kanyang pag-aaral. Rosy
stopped her studies.
magtigil, itigil (mag-:i-) v. to stop,
to discontiue, to suspend. Itigil ang
makina. Stop the machine.
tigm
ak adj. soaked, drenched, thoroughly immersed
tigre Sp adj. tiger
tih
aya tumihaya (-um-) v. to lie
with face or ventral side up, to lie on
ones back. Tumihaya siya pagkatapos kumain. He lay on his back after
eating.
magtihaya, itihaya (mag-:i-) v.
to lie with face or ventral side up
tih
eras n. cot
tiis magtiis, tiisin (mag-:-in) v.
to bear, to suer, to endure. Nagtiis
siya ng katakut-takot na hirap. He
endured a great deal of hardship. Tiisin mo ang hapdi. Endure the sting-

tindi

ing pain.
tila adj. ended, ceased
til
ad n. small pieces or bits (from
cutting or chopping)
tilamsik n. splash (of water), spark
(of re, especially from the forge)
til
aok n. crowing of rooster
tilapiya n. tilapia
tili n. sudden shrill cry (from fright
or pain), the cry of the deer.
tilin n. clitoris
tim
awa n. freeman, emancipated
slave
timb
a n. pail, bucket
timb
ang n. weights
tumimbang, timbangin (-um-:in) v. to weigh. Timbangin mo ang
mga dadalhin ko. Weigh what Im
going to carry.
magtimbang (mag-) v. to weigh.
Nagtimbang kami kahapon. We
weighed (ourselves) yesterday.
timog n. south
timpl
a Sp n. ingredients added or
mixed to ll a prescription (in drug
stores), seasoning (in cooking), mixture
timpl
ado Sp adj. moderate, tempered
timpi matimpi (ma-) adj. constant, faithful
timpi magtimpi, timpihin
(mag-:-in) v. to control oneself.
Magtimpi ka. Control yourself.
timtim matimtiman (ma-an)
adj. constant, faithful
tina n. dye, indigo
tinap
a n. smoked sh
tin
apay n. bread
tind
a n. goods for sale, merchandise
tind
ahan (-an) n. store
magtinda, itinda (mag-:i-) v. to
sell. Nagtinda si Nenita ng kamatis.
Nenita sold tomatoes. Itinda mo
ang puto. Sell the rice cake.
tind
ero/a n. storekeeper, shopowner (masculine / feminine)
tindi n. ponderousness, intensity,

tindig

105

gravity, heaviness
matindi (ma-) adj. grave, intense
ponderous, heavy
tindig tumindig (-um-) v. to
stand up. Tumindig ka. Stand up.
magtindig, itindig (mag-:i-) v. to
put in an upright position. Itindig
mo ang plorera. Stand the ower
vase up.
tinik n. thorn, shbone
matinik (ma-) adj. thorny
tinikling n. a native dance in which
the dancer steps in and out of two
clapping bamboo poles
tinid
or n. fork
tinig n. voice [syn. b
oses]
tin
o matino (ma-) adj. sane, full
of common sense, sensible
tinta n. ink
tint
ura Sp n. tincture
tiny
ente n. lieutenant
ting
a Ch n. foreign matter lodged
between the teeth
tingal
a adj. with face looking upward
patingala (pa-) adv. looking upward, with face or front in the upward position.
tingk
ad matingkad (ma-) adj.
bright (colored)
tingg
a n. lead, tin
tingi Ch n. selling or sold at retail
tingin tumingin, tingn
an (-um:-an) v. to look at, to view. Tumingin ka sa kaliwa. Look at the left.
Tingnan mo ang langit. Look at the
sky.
tingting n. stickbroom, ribs of
palms
tip
ak tumipak (-um-) v. to hit,
win a fortune. Tumipak sina Delfin
sa karera. Deln and his group made
a fortune o the race.
magtipak, tipakin (mag-:-in) v. to
chop o a piece or portion of matter.
Tipakin mo ang isang bloke ng yelo.
Chop o a block of ice.
tipakl
ong n. species of grasshopper
tipid matipid (ma-) adj. econom-

titser

ical, thrifty, frugal

magtipid, tipirin (mag-:-in) v.
to use economically, to be thrifty.
Magtipid tayo. Lets spend our
money carefully.
tipon magtipon, tipunin (mag-:in) v. to collect, to gather together,
to store away. Tipunin mo ang mga
lumang selyo. Gather the old stamps
together.
tir
a nakatira (naka-) adj. staying
at, residing in
tumira (-um-) v. to reside, to dwell.
Tumira ako sa kalye Merced. I lived
on Merced Street.
tir
a n. leftover, reminder
magtira, itira (mag-:i-) v. to set
aside, as food, for someone. Nagtira
ako ng makakain para kay Mona. I
left some food for Mona to eat. Itira
mo ang pritong isda kay Judy. Leave
some of the fried sh for Judy.
tirad
or Sp n. Y-slingshot
tir
ante Sp n. suspenders, reins
tirik tumirik (-um-) v. to look
straight upward, as in a state
of delirium. Tumirik ang mata
ng naghihingalong matanda. The
delirious old mans eyes rolled back
in his head.
magtirik, itirik (mag-:i-) v. to set
upright (as of candles). Nagtitirik
kami ng kandila sa nitso tuwing
Todos Los Santos. We set up candles
on the tomb every All Saints Day.
tirint
as Sp n. braid, pigtail [var.
trint
as]
tiris Sp n. crushing (of lice between
thumbnails)
tisa Sp n. roof tile, chalk
tisis Sp n. tuberculosis [var. TB ]
titi n. penis
titik n. letter of alphabet or
abakada,
writing,
handwriting,
penmanship
titig tumitig (-um-) v. to stare at.
Tumitig siya sa akin. He stared at
me.
titser n.
teacher
[syn.
gur
o,

titulo

106

mestro/a (masculine/feminine)]
titulo Sp n. title, degree (academic),
torrens title (for land ownership)
tiwa n. intestinal worm
tiwak
al magtiwakal (mag-) v.
to commit suicide. Nagtiwakal ang
babae sa pamamagitan nang pagtalon sa ilog. The woman committed
suicide by jumping into the river.
tiw
ala n. trust, faith, hope
magtiwala (mag-) v. to have trust
or condence in someone. Magtiwala
ka sa akin. Trust me.
tiwal
ag tumiwalag, itiwalag (um- : i-) v. to dismiss, to expel, to remove from. Itiwalag mo si Ruben sa
ating grupo. Expel Ruben from our
group.
tiwangw
ang nakatiwangwang
(naka-) adj. widely open, totally
exposed (to wind and sun)
tiwarik adj. upside down, head
down, feet up
tiwas
ay adj. tranquil
tiy
a n. aunt (term of address and reference)
tiy
ak adj. specic, direct, to the
point
tiyag
a matiyaga (ma-) adj. constant, patient, persevering
tiy
an n. stomach, belly
tiy
ani n. tweezers
tiy
empo Sp n. timing, cadence,
rhythm (specially in music)
matiyempo,
tiyempuh
an,
matiyempuh
an (ma-:-an : ma-an)
v. to nd or do something at the
precise moment. Tiyempuhan mong
narito siya. Do something when he
is here.
tiy
o Sp n. uncle (term of address and
reference)
tokad
or Sp n. ladies dressing table
with large mirror, a dresser [var.
tukad
or ]
tok
ayo Sp n. namesake, person having the same rst name as self [var.
tuk
ayo]
t
okwa Ch n. pressed soybean curd

tsiko

t
odo Sp adj. all
t
oga Sp n. academic gown, judicial
robe, cap and gown (for graduation)
t
oge n. bean sprouts, mongo shoot
t
olda Sp n. canvas (cloth), tent
t
ono Sp n. tone, tune
t
onsil Lat n. tonsil
topograpiya Sp n. topography
tornilyo Sp n. screw
t
oro Sp n. bull
t
orpe Sp adj. dull, stupid
t
orta Sp n. omelet
toto
o adj. true, as an expression, it
means Honestly?; Really? [syn. talag
a, siyang
a ]
t
otoy n. appellation for a small boy
t
otso Ch n. sauteed sh with t
ahuri
(soybean curd)
t
oyo n. soy sauce
trab
aho n. work, job, occupation
magtrabaho, trabah
uhin (mag:-in) v. to work. Magtrabaho tayo
hanggang alas nuwebe ng gabi. Lets
work until nine at night.
tr
ak n. truck [var. tar
ak ]
trakt
or Eng n. tractor
tr
ahe Sp n. suit of clothes
transistor Eng n. transistor radio
tr
ansper Eng n. transfer
trangk
aso Sp n. grippe, inuenza
tr
apo Sp n. cleaning rag, rag
tr
ato Sp n. agreement, contract
tray
anggulo Sp adj. triangle, triangular
traysikel Eng n. tricycle, pedicab
treinta Sp adj. thirty [var. trenta]
tr
en n. train
tr
es Sp num. three
trigo Sp n. wheat
tr
ono Sp n. throne
tr
opa Sp n. troop
tsa/tsa
a Ch n. tea
tsamp
aka Sp n. white or orange
champaka
tsampur
ado Sp
n.
chocolateavored porridge
ts
apa Sp n. badge
ts
aperon Eng n. chaperon
ts
eke Sp n. a bank check

tsinelas

107

tsiko n. chico
tsin
elas Sp n. slippers
tsip Eng n. chief
tsismis n. gossip
tsism
oso/a Sp adj. tale-bearing
person, a gossip, tattletail (masculine/feminine)
tsok Eng n. chalk
ts
oke Sp n. impact, collision
magtsoke (mag-) v. to collide.
Nagtsoke ang dalawang kotse. The
two cars collided.
tsokol
ate Sp n. chocolate adj.
brown [syn. kape, kuyumanggi]
ts
onggo n. monkey
tsup
er Fr n. driver of a motor vehicle, chaueur
tsupl
ado/a adj. snobbish, haughty
(masculine/feminine)
T-syert n. T-shirt
tub
a n. native drink, palm sap
tub
ero n. plumber
t
ubig n. water
tub
o n. sugarcane
t
ubo n. gain, prot, benet
tumubo (-um-) v. to grow (plants).
Tumubo ang itinanim kong rosas.
The roses I planted grew.
magtubo (mag-) v. to gain, prot,
earn interest, to grow. Nagtubo ang
pera ko sa bangko. My money in the
bank earned interest.
tub
os mangtubos,
tubusin
(mang-:-in) v. to redeem. Tubusin
mo ang isinangla kong relo. Redeem
the watch that I pawned.
tub
o tubuh
an (-an) n. sugarcane
plantation or eld
tuk
a n. bill of a fowl, peck
tumuka, tukain (-um:-in) v. to
peck. Tinuka ng ibon ang bayabas.
The bird pecked at the guava.
mangtuka(manuka),
tukain
(mang-:-in) v. to peck
tukl
ap magtuklap, tuklapin
(mag-:-in) v. to detach, to remove
the skin or covering, to pry. Tuklapin
mo ang balat ng sampalok. Remove
the covering on the tamarind.

tulig

t
ukod n. prop
tuks
o mangtukso (manukso),
tuksuhin (mang-:-in) v. to tease,
to joke, to jest, to tempt. Baka
manukso sila. They might tease.
Tuksuhin natin si Vicky. Lets tease
Vicky.
tukt
ok n. tap, knock, top, tip, peak
(of head), mountain peak
tug
on n. answer
tugt
og tumugtog, tugtugin
(-um:-in) v. to play music, to play
on an instrument. Tumugtog ang
banda ng mabilis na musika. The
band played fast music. Tugtugin
mo sa piyano ang Dahil sa Iyo.
Play Dahil sa Iyo on the piano.
t
uhod n. knee
t
uhog magtuhog,
tuh
ugin;
ituhog (mag-:-in, i-) v. to string
together, to thread. Magtuhog kayo
ng bulaklak. String owers together.
Tuhugin mo ang mga bulaklak.
String the owers together.
tul
a n. poem
tumula (-um-) v. to recite a poem.
Tumula si Daniel sa programa.
Daniel recited a poem in the
program.
t
ulak tumulak (-um-) v. to
leave by boat, to depart by boat.
Tumulak na ang barko noong kami
ay dumating. The boat departed
when we came.
magtulak, itulak (mag-:i-) v. to
shove, to push. Nagtulak kami ng
kotse ni Roger. We pushed Rogers
car. Itulak mo ang kariton. Push the
cart.
t
ulad adj. same as, similar to, like
that of
tulal
a adj. stupid, ignorant
tul
ay n. bridge
tuld
ok n. period mark
t
uli Ch n. circumcision adj. (tuli)
circumcised
tulig adj. stunned, bewildered, stupeed, deafened
matulig (ma-) v. to be deafened by

t
ulin

108

noise. Natulig siya sa iyak ng bata.

She was deafened by the crying of
the baby.
t
ulin matulin (ma-) adj. fast,
swift, rapid
tulingan n. tuna
tulis matulis (ma-) adj. sharppointed
tulis
an n. highwayman, brigand
t
ulo tumulo (-um-) v. to drip.
Tumulo ang gripo. The faucet
dripped.
tul
og adj. asleep, sluggisk
t
ulog matulog (ma-) v. to sleep,
to go to bed. Matulog ka nang
maaga. Go to bed early.
t
ulong tumulong (-um-) v. to
help, to aid. Tumulong ka sa mga
nangangailangan. Help those who
are in need.
tul
ungan (-an) v. to help. Tulungan
mo siya. Help her.
t
umag n/adj. dunce, dolt, blockhead
t
umal n. slowness or dullness (in
sales or market activity)
matumal (ma-) adj. slow in sales
tum
ana n. wide, level highland
(above water level)
tumb
a tumumba (-um-) v. to
fall down, to topple, to tumble.
Tumumba ang kahoy sa lakas ng
hangin. The tree fell down due to
the strong wind.
magtumba, itumba (mag-: i-) v.
to cause something to tumble or
to be overturned or upset, to push
over. Itumba mo ang mga bote. Push
the bottles over (on their sides).
tumbalik adj. inverted, upside
down, reverse
tumb
as katumbas (ka-) adj.
equal
tumumbas, tumbas
an (-um:-an)
v. to equal, to counterbalance, to
match. Tumbasan mo ang kanyang
itinaya. Match his bet.
tumb
ok adj. hit right smack on
(center or near center), i.e. a bulls

tungk
ulin

eye hit
matumbok (ma-) v. to be hit.
Natumbok ng kotse ang bata. The
boy was hit by the car.
tumb
ong n. rectum
tump
ak adj. correct, right, proper
tum
or Sp n. tumor
tump
ok n. a heap, a pile, usually
serving as a unit of measure for
tomatoes garlic, shrimps etc.
magtumpok, itumpok (mag-: i-)
v. to make a heap or pile, to pile up.
Nagtumpok siya ng mga panggatong.
He piled up the rewood. Itumpok
mo ang mga kamatis. Pile up the
tomatoes.
tun
aw adj. melted, liqueed
t
unaw matunaw (ma-) v. to
melt. Natunaw ang yelo. The ice
melted.
magtunaw, tun
awin (mag-:-in)
v. to melt, to dissolve, to digest.
Tunawin mo ang gulaman. Melt the
gelatin.
t
unay adj. genuine, true, real
tun
og n. sound, noise adj. resounding, alert
tuns
oy n. adult mbriated herring
tunt
ong tumuntong (-um-) v. to
step on, to tread on. Tumuntong ka
sa batong iyon. Step on that stone.
tunt
ong n. pot cover made of clay
tungang
a
nakatunganga
(naka-) adj. open-mouthed, as when
one is curious or surprised
tungk
od n. cane, a walking stick, a
sta
magtungkod, itungkod (mag-:i-)
v. to walk with a cane. Nagtungkod
ang matanda. The old man walked
with a cane.
tungk
ol prep. (+ sa) regarding,
about, referring to, concerning.
Tungkol sa kanilang usap... About
their conversation...
tungk
os n. something wrapped,
specially in cloth or leaves, bouquet
(of owers), bundle (of leaves, sticks,
vegetables).

tungg
a

109

tungk
ulin n. duty, obligation
tungg
a tumungga, tunggain (um:-in) v. to drink in gulps (drinking
wine). Tinungga ni Berting ang alak.
Bert gulped down the wine.
t
ungo tumungo (-um-) v. to go
to
magtungo (mag-) v. to go. Nagtungo kami sa aklatan. We went to
the library.
tung
o tumungo (-um-) v. to bow.
Tumungo siya. He bowed his head.
itungo (i-) v. to bow ones head.
Itungo mo ang iyong ulo. Bow your
head.
tu
os magtuos, tuusin (mag-:-in)
v. to make an accounting of, to
settle dierences. Magtuos tayo ng
ating gastos. Lets make an accounting of ourexpenditures. Tuusin
natin ang pinamili. Lets settle our
accounts on what we bought.
t
upa n. sheep
tup
ad tumupad, tuparin (-um-:in) v. to comply with, to accomplish
what is required or agreed upon.
Tumupad si Tonio sa kanyang mga
pangako. Tonio complied with his
promises. Tuparin mo ang sinabi
mo. Comply with what you said.
tup
ada Sp n. picnic, illegal cockghting
tupi n. fold, plait
tupok adj.
completely
burned,
burnt to ashes
turista Sp n. tourist
turnilyo Sp n. screw
t
urno Sp n. turn, alternation
t
uro magturo, ituro (mag-:i-)
v. to teach, to point to, to point
at. Nagturo ako ng sayaw sa mga
trainees. I taught a dance to the
trainees. Ituro mo ang gusto mo.
Teach whatever you like. Point to
whatever you like.
tur
ok magturok, turuk
an (mag:-an) v. to be pierced (by a pointed
instrument, as a pin, needle or the
like).

tuw
alya

magturok, iturok (mag-:i-) v. to

pierce (with a needle), to give hypodermic injection. Ang duktor ay nagturok ng anti-tetanus sa aking kapatid. The doctor gave my sister an
anti-tetanus injection yesterday.
tur
on n. fritters in lumpiy
a (egg
roll) wrapper
turump
o n. toy top
tusino n. bacon
t
uso adj. shrewd, astute, cunning
t
usok n. piercing or perforating with
a pointed object
tust
ado adj. toasted
tust
os magtustos, itustos (mag:i-) v. to support nancially (e.g.,
sending someone to school,giving
some kind of allowance or pension,
regular support). Nagtustos ako sa
pag-aaral ng kapatid ko. I supported
my brothers (sisters) studies.
tut
a n. puppy
t
uto matuto (ma-) v. to learn,
to become skillful. Matuto kang
magsalita ng Tagalog. Learn to
speak Tagalog.
t
utok n. direction of a point or the
business end of a weapon.
tut
ukan (-an) v. to stick up (as in
a holdup). Tinutukan niya ako ng
baril. He held me up (with a gun).
t
utol n. objection, protest
tumutol (-um-) v. to object, to
protest, to disagree. Tumutol ang
guro sa balak ng mga estudyante.
The teacher disagreed with the
students plan.
tut
ong n. burnt rice sticking to the
bottom of the pot
tuts
ang Ch n. short hair on a
womans head
tutubi n. dragony
tutuli n. ear wax
tuw
a n. joy, pleasure, gladness
matuwa (ma-) v. to become glad,
to be pleased, to be joyful, to be
amused. Natuwa ang nanay ko sa
aking grado. My mother was pleased
with my grades.

tuwi

110

tuw
alya n. towel
tuwi adv. every, each time, always
conj. whenever
tuwi conj. (+ ng) whenever, everytime. Tuwing umaga... Every morning...
tuwid matuwid (ma-) adj.
straight, direct, correct to the point
tumuwid (-um-) v. to become
straight, to straighten out. Tumuwid
ang bakal. The iron straightened
out.
magtuwid,
tuwirin,
ituwid
(mag-:-in,i-) v. to straighten, to
straighten out. Ituwid mo ang
alambre. Straighten out the wire.
tuy
a manuya (ma-) v. to be
sarcastic. Nanuya na naman si
Gina. Gina became sarcastic again.
mangtuya (mang-) v. to be
sarcastic or ironical
tuyain (-in) v. to ridicule. Tinuya ng komentarista ang opisyal
ng pamahalaan. The commentator ridiculed the ocials of the
government.
tuy
o n. dried herring or sh
tuy
o adj. (tuy
ot) dry, extremely
dry, dehydrated, dried
matuyo (ma-) v. to dry. Natuyo
na ang mga linabhan. The clothes
that were washed are dry now.
magtuyo, tuyuin (mag-:-in) v. to
dry up
tuy
ot adj. extremely dry

U
u
ban n. gray hair
u
bas n. grapes
u
bi n. yam
ub
o n. cough
umubo, ubuhin (-um-:-in-) v. to
cough. Umubo ang bata. The child
coughed. Baka ubuhin ka. You might
start to cough.
u
bod n. soft pith of palm, path of
coconut trunk

ug-
og

u
bos ub
usin (in-) v. to consume,
to eat up, to nish o. Inubos namin
ang ulam. We nished o the main
dish.
uk
a adj. dent, hollowed out
u
kit mag-ukit, ukitin (mag-:-in)
v. to carve, to engrave as in sculpture. Ukitin mo ang mukha ni Susana sa kahoy. Carve Susanas face
in wood.
u
kol n. what the thing is intended
for, what is proper for something else
ukup
ado Sp adj. occupied, taken,
busy
udy
ok mag-udyok, udyuk
an
(mag-:-an) v. to induce, to incite, to
prod. Udyukan mo si Joseng bumili
ng telebisyon. Prod Jose into buying
a television.
mang-udyok (mang-) v. to induce.
Nang-udyuk si Luisa na biruin si
Berto. Berto was inducing people to
tease Bert.
u
ga umuga (-um-) v. to shake.
Umuga ang bahay dahil sa lindol.
The house shook because of the
earthquake.
mag-uga, ug
ain, iuga (mag-:-in,
i-) v. to shake something. Ugain mo
ang mesa. Shake the table.
ug
ali n. custom, habit, ways
ug
at n. root, vein, (malaking ugat artery)
ugn
ay kaugnay, ugn
ayan (ka-:an) n. connection, relation
kaugnay (ka-) adj. connected, related (to each other)
mag-ugnay (mag-) v. to relate, to
connect
ug
ok adj. stupid, silly
ug
od-ug
od adj. extremely weak or
feeble due to sickness or old age [var.
u
ugod-ug
od ]
ug-
og umug-og (-um-) v. to
shake, vibrate
mag-ugog, ug-ugin (mag-:-in) v.
to shake (a tree or the like) so that
fruits (or contents) should fall out.
Ug-ugin mo ang punong bayabas

ug
oy

111

kasi maraming hinog na bunga.

Shake the guava tree for it has many
ripe fruits.
ug
oy mag-ugoy, uguyin, i-ugoy
(mag-:-in, i-) v. to swing as done to
cradles or swings, to rock. Iugoy mo
ang duyan. Rock the cradle.
uh
ales n. button hole
u
haw n. thirst
mauhaw (ma-) v. to become
thirsty. Nauhaw ako sa init ng
panahon. The hot weather made me
thirsty.
uh
awin (-in) v. to be thirsty
u
hog n. mucous from nose
u
lam n. main dish of a meal (viand
as used in the Philippines).
ul
an n. rain
maulan (ma-) adj. rainy
umulan, ulanin (-um-:-in) v. to
rain. Umulan kaninang umaga. It
rained this morning.
ul
ang n. lobster
u
lap n. cloud, fog, mist
maulap (ma-) adj. cloudy
u
lat n. report, reckoning given, explanation
ul
ayaw pag-uulayaw (pag-) n.
keeping together in pleasant and
intimate companionship
kaulayaw (ka-) n. ones pleasant or
intimate companion or friend
uli adv. again, once more. Nahulog
siya uli. He fell again.
mag-uli, iuli (mag-:i-) v. to revert to a former state. Nag-uli siya
sa kanyang masamang ugali. He reverted to his bad habit.
uli
anin adj. forgetful (due to senility), absent-minded
ulila n. orphan
u
ling n. charcoal
uli-
uli n. whirlpool
uli/ulit adv. again, once more
um
ulit (-um-) v. to repeat, to
renew the action
mag-
ulit, ulitin (mag-:-in) v. to
repeat something. Nag-ulit kami
ng sayaw. We repeated the dance.

ungk
at

Ulitin mo ang ginawa mo. Do your

work over again.
ulir
at n. consciousness, sense
u
lo n. head
ul
ol adj. crazy, foolish, fool, mad
u
lsera Sp n. ulcer [var. u
lser ]
u
ltimo Sp adj. last, nal
ulup
ong n. poisonous snake
um
aga n. morning
umpis
a mag-umpisa, umpisah
an (mag-:-an) v. to start, to
begin. Nag-umpisa ang program
nang maaga. The program began
early. Umpisahan mo na ang dapat
mong gawin. Start what youre
supposed to do.
ump
og maumpog (ma-) v. to
bump ones head against something
hard unintentionally. Naumpog ang
bata sa mesa. The child bumped his
head on the table.
mang-umpog, umpugin (mang-:in) v. to bump ones head against
another intentionally or deliberately
iumpog (i-) v. to bump anothers
head against something hard.
u
na Sp num. rst, prior, earliest
mauna (ma-) v. to go ahead, to go
rst. Mauna ka na. You go ahead.
u
nan n. pillow
un
at adj.
straightened
out,
stretched out
mag-unat, unatin, iunat (mag:-in, i-) v. to stretch, to straighten
or smooth out, to press, to iron.
Nag-unat siya pagkagising kanina.
He stretched when he woke up.
un
awa maunawain (ma-in) adj.
understanding
umunawa, unaw
ain (-um-:-in) v.
to understand, to grasp mentally, to
get the idea of. Unawain niyo ang nilalaman ng kuwento. Get the central
idea of the story.
unibersid
ad Sp n. university
u
niko Sp adj. only, sole, the only one
unip
orme Sp n. uniform
ungk
at mag-ungkat, ungkatin

ungg
oy

112

(mag-:-in) v. to bring up again.

Ungkatin mo ang pinag-usapan
kahapon. Bring up what was being
talked about yesterday.
mang-ungkat (mang-)
ungg
oy n. monkey
u
no Sp num. one Sp
un
os n. thunderstorm
unt
og n. head bump [var. ump
og]
u
ngal n. howl, cry of cattle in pain,
hunger or anger
u
ngol n. grumble, growl
u
od n. worm
u
pa n. rent, payment for work done,
wages, renumeration
umupa, up
ahan (-um-:-an) v. to
rent. Umupa kami ng kotse noong
isang linggo. We rented a car last
week. Upahan mo ang bahay nina
Edna. Rent Ednas house.
u
pang conj. in order to, so that.
...upang mananghali. ...in order to
eat lunch. ...upang siyay malibang.
...so that he may be cheered.
u
po n. white squash, bottle gourd
up
o umupo (-um-) v. to sit
down, to sit on. Umupo kami sa
bato. We sat on a rock.
maupo (ma-) v. to sit down.
Maupo ka. Sit down.
mag-upo, iupo (mag-:i-) v. to
lay something in a sitting position
up
os n. cigarette stub or butt adj.
consumed, down to the butt (as candles, cigarettes, cigars), submerged
urbanid
ad Sp n. good manners
u
ri n. kind, type, class, classication
u
rong umurong (-um-) v. to step
back, to retreat. Umurong ang mga
kalaban. The enemies retreated.
mag-urong (mag-) v. to take away
the dishes from the table
iurong (i-) v. to move. Iurong mo
ang mesa sa tabi. Move the table
back to the side.
us
a n. deer
u
sad n. brief movement along the
oor by dragging the buttocks
u
sap mag-usap (mag-) v. to talk

u
tos

with another, to converse. Mag-usap

tayo nang masinsinan. Lets talk
heart to heart.
usb
ong umusbong (-um-) v.
to sprout, to grow. Umusbong na
ang munggo. The monggo beans
sprouted.
mag-usbong (mag-) v. to develop
u
sig n. persecution, assiduous inquiry
usigin (-in) v. to inquire, interrogate. Inusig ng abogado ang
nasasakdal. The lawyer interrogated
the accused.
usisa
mag-usisa,
usis
ain
(mag-:-in) v. to inquire. Usisain mo
si Florencio tungkol sa nangyari.
Inquire from Florencio about what
happened.
usli adj. protruding, projecting
u
so n. vogue, style
mauso (ma-) v. to be in vogue.
Nauso na naman ang mahabang
damit. The long dress is in vogue
again.
u
sok n. fume, smoke
umusok (-um-) to smoke, to give o
fumes. Umusok ang kalan. The stove
smoked.
us-os n. slipping, sliding down
u
tak n. brain
ut
al adj. stammering
u
tang n. debt
umutang (-um-) v. to owe somebody a debt or an account, to borrow, to ask for a loan. Umutang ka
kay Fina. Borrow money from Fina.
mangutang, utangin (mang-:-in)
v. to get on credit. Nangutang ako sa
tindahan. I got credit from the store.
u
tang na lo
ob n. an expression
which means a debt of gratitude.
ut
as mautas (ma-) v. to have
ended or terminated, consummated.
Nautas din ang kriminal. The
criminals life came at last to an
end.
ut
ong n. nipple
u
tos n. order, command

ut
ot

113

mag-utos, iutos, ut
usan (mag-:i,an) v. to command, to give an order. Nag-utos ang sarhento sa mga
sundalo. The sergeant gave orders to
the soldiers. Utusan mo si Sabel sa
palengke. Send Sabel to the market
(to buy something)
utus
an (-an) n. houseboy, servant,
helper, maid
ut
ot n. break wind, fart
uto-ut
o adj. foolish, silly, gullible
uw
ak n. crow
uw
ang n. coconut beetle
uwi umuwi (-um-) v. to return
home. Umuwi ka agad. Go home
(as) early (as possible).
mag-uwi, iuwi (mag-:i-) v. to
take something home. Mag-uwi ka
ng makakain. Bring home something
to eat. Iuwi mo na ang bata. Take
the child home.
uy! intj. say! (an expression of admiration), wow!

W
wak
as adj. end, conclusion
magwakas, wakas
an (mag-:-an)
v. to end, the nal end, to conclude.
Nagwakas na ang pinakikinggan
kong drama. The drama I was
listening to ended. Wakasan mo na
ang iyong talumpati. Finish your
speech.
waksi iwaksi (i-) v. to get rid of
something by jerking away the hand,
foot or body, to renounce. Huwag mo
akong iwaksi. Dont renounce me.
wakw
ak adj. ripped or torn violently (disclosing inner structures).
wag
as adj. pure, sincere, genuine,
endless, unfeigned, true
wagi magwagi (mag-) v. to
attain victory, to triumph. Nagwagi
ang aking kandidato. My candidate
won.
waglit mawaglit (ma-) v. to be
misplaced or mislaid. Baka mawaglit

walis

na naman ang relos mo. Your watch

might get misplaced again.
wagw
ag n. a species of rice grain,
rst class rice n. wag, a wagging
motion
magwagwag, iwagwag (mag-:i-)
v. to dry (wet cloth) by shaking
up, to shake the dust o (clothes,
oor rugs, etc.), to clean (cloth) of
dust, soap suds by shaking in water
without rubbing. Iwagwag mo ang
mga damit sa labas. Shake the dust
o the clothes outside.
wal
a part. not any, absent, nothing
p v. there is none
mawala (ma-) v. to be lost (missing), to disappear. Nawala ang
pitaka ni Henry. Henrys wallet was
lost.
wal
ang anum
an intj.
youre
welcome, not at all
wal
ang-bisa adj. void, ineective
wal
ang-hangg
an adj. everlasting,
eternal
walanghiy
a adj. shameless
wal
ang lam
an adj. empty
wal
ang-muw
ang adj.
without
sense or understanding, ignorant,
innocent
wal
ang-pakund
angan adj. irreverent, disrespectful
w
alang-pahint
ulot adj.
without
permission
wal
ang t
awad an expression in
sales meaning xed price (literally
speaking, no discount/no bargain)
wal
ang-tigil adj. without stopping
w
alay hiwal
ay (hi-) adj. separated
w
alay iwalay v. to separate from,
to wean (a baby) from the mothers
breast. Iwalay mo si Totoy at malaki
na. Wean Totoy because hes already
grown-up.
w
alet Eng n. wallet
walis n. broom
magwalis, walisin (mag-:-in) v. to
sweep (with a broom). Magwalis ka
ng bahay. Sweep the house. Walisin

wal
o

114

mo ang dumi sa balkon. Sweep up

the dirt on the balcony.
wal
o num. eight
War
ay n. familiar reference to
Samar-Leyte language or the people
who speak it
was
ak magwasak,
was
akin
(mag-:-in) v. to destroy completely,
to tear down. Wasakin mo ang
pintuan. Smash down the door.
wast
o adj. correct, right, proper
magwasto, wastuin (mag-:-in) v.
to correct, to make right. Wastuin
mo ang mga mali ni Petra. Correct
Petras errors.
watak-wat
ak adj.
scattered,
not united, separated, isolated,
dispersed
w
elga n. a (labor) strike
w
eyter Eng n. waiter
wika Mal n. language
wili adj. fondness, accustomed, fond
of. wiling-wili very much at home
mawili (ma-) v. to become engrossed or interested, to desire to
continue with an experience because
of its pleasantness, attractiveness
or prot. Nawili ako sa pagtutugtog
ng gitara. I got wrapped up in the
guitar music.
wilig magwilig, wilig
an (mag-:an) v. to sprinkle water (on clothes
to be pressed). Wiligan mo ang mga
paplantsahin. Sprinkle the clothes to
be ironed.
wisik magwisik, wisik
an (mag-:an) v. to spray liquid or sprinkle it
lightly. Wisikan mo ng tubig ang mga
bulaklak nang di malanta. Sprinkle
the owers with water so they wont
wilt.

yao

Y
y conj. and (a Spanish borrowing
used only with time and sometimes
with middle names).
y contraction of ay in writing, as in
akoy gur
o
yab
ag n. sound of footsteps
y
abang mayabang (ma-) adj.
pride, arrogance, proud, snob,
boastful, conceited
yab
ong mayabong (ma-) adj.
luxuriant
y
akag pagyakag n. vocal invitation
magyakag (mag) v. to invite people
locally (to go somewhere). Magyakag
tayo ng mga makakasama. Lets invite persons who will be able to go
with us.
yak
agin (-in) v. to invite or induce
(someone) to come along or do something. Yakagin mo siyang sumama.
Ask him to come along.
mangyakag, yak
agin (mang-:-in)
v. to invite on the spur of the moment. Yinakag nila ako sa bolingan.
They invited me to go bowling.
yak
al n. yacca tree
y
akap yumakap (-um-) v. to
embrace, to hug. Yumakap siya sa
akin. She/he embraced me.
mangyakap, yak
apin (mang-:-in)
v. to embrace, to hug. Nangyakap
ang lasing. The drunken (person)
began embracing (people). Yakapin
mo ang iyong ina. Embrace your
mother.
y
aman kayam
anan (ka-an) n.
treasure, wealth, richness
mayaman (ma-) adj. rich, wealthy
y
amang conj. while, as. Yamang
ang sa pagong ay lumaki... While
that of the turtle grew...
y
ao yumao (-um-) v. to leave,
depart, to die. Matagal nang yumao
ang lolo ko. My grandfather died a
long time already.

ya
on

115

ya
on pron/adj. that (which is far
from both speaker and the one
addressed to and usually out of
sight)
y
apak n. tread, footstep, footprint
[syn. t
apak ]
nakayap
ak (naka-) adj. barefoot
yap
os yumapos (-um-) v. to
embrace, to hug. Yumapos si Lina
sa kaibigan niya. Lina embraced her
friend.
mangyapos, yapusin (mang-:-in)
v. to embrace, to hug. Yapusin mo
ang iyong kalaro. Embrace your
playmate.
yam
ot n. annoyance, boredom
mayamot (ma-) v. to be annoyed with. Nayamot ang tindera
sa mamimili. The seller became
annoyed with the buyer.
yanig n. tremor
yant
ok n. a species of rattan
y
arda n/qnt. yard
y
ari mayari (ma-) to be nished,
to be made
magyari, yariin (mag-:-in) v. to
make, to construct, to manufacture,
to nish. Yariin mo na ang tinatahi
mo. Finish your sewing.
y
ata adv. maybe, it seems, perhaps,
in emphatic form, it connotes deniteness as in Johnson yata iyan,
meaning its Johnson brand (so it is
denitely good).
y
aya n. nurse, nursemaid, wet nurse,
governess
y
aya magyaya (mag-) v. to invite, to induce. Nagyaya silang magboling. They invited (us) to go bowling.
mangyaya, yay
ain (mang-:-in) v.
to invite. Yayain mo sina Nina. Invite Nina and her group.
yelo n. ice
y
ema Sp n. yolk (of egg)
y
ero n. galvanized iron sheets
y
odo Sp n. tincture of iodine
y
oyo n. yoyo toy
yuk
o yumuko (-um-) v. to

y
uta

bow. Yumuko siya bilang tanda ng

kanyang paggalang. He bowed his
head as a sign of respect.
iyuko (i-) to bow ones head
yuk
od n. bowing ones head in respect or in salute, in humiliation
yungib n. cave
yupi n. dent (as on automobile
fenders, guards or bodies) adj.
dented
mayupi (ma-) v. to be dented.
Huwag mong tapakan at baka
mayupi. Dont step on it or it might
be dented.
y
urak yumurak, yur
akan (-um:-an) v. to trample upon (something
or someone) with disregard or disrespect. Huwag mong yurakan ang puri
ng iyong kasintahan. Dont trample
upon the honor of your sweetheart.
y
uta n. a hundred thousand