the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

The Automobile Industry

Pocket Guide

published by

ACEA Communications department

Please order your personal copy via [email protected]

This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification

ACEA _ s e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 4

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Foreword
The European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) produces this Pocket Guide annually
in order to provide a clear overview of the main characteristics of one of Europes key industries.
These statistics show an industry that continues to provide employment and mobility for Europes
citizens, generate tax and trade revenue for governments, and lead the world in terms of innovation.
In 2013, around 13.6 million new cars, vans, trucks and buses were registered in the EU. Sales have
dropped by over a quarter since the pre-crisis peak in 2007, but things are now gradually improving.
With the European economy slowly recovering, ACEA predicts that sales in Europe will recover
moderately over the next few years.
As one of the cornerstones of Europes economy, ACEA is continuing to contribute constructively
to discussions with policy makers and other stakeholders in order to consolidate this growth and
strengthen the global competitiveness of the automobile sector - thereby fully supporting the EUs
industrial renaissance. ACEA believes that the right policy environment can deliver this that means
a policy environment that is based on three building blocks: driving innovation,
fostering growth through international trade, and building a supportive and
smart regulatory framework.

Erik Jonnaert

ACEA Secretary General

1

about ACEA

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

About ACEA

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

ACEA represents Europes

car, van, truck and bus makers

Members and partners

about ACEA

The European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) is the advocate for the automobile
industry in Europe, representing manufacturers of passenger cars, vans, trucks and buses with
production sites in the EU.
ACEAs members are: BMW Group, Daimler, DAF, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford of Europe, Opel Group,
Hyundai Motor Europe, Iveco, Jaguar Land Rover, PSA Peugeot Citron, Renault, Toyota Motor Europe,
Volkswagen Group, Volvo Cars, Volvo Group.
ACEA has permanent cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR), which
is the industry body for collaborative research and development.
ACEA works closely with 29 national automobile manufacturers associations in Europe, and maintains
a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world.
5

acea

ACEAs mission and priority areas

ACEAs mission is to:

Define and advocate the common interests, policies and positions of the European automobile industry;
Engage in dialogue with the European institutions and other stakeholders in order to advance
understanding of industry issues, and to contribute to effective policy and legislation at both
European and global levels;
Act as a portal for expert knowledge on vehicle-related regulation;
Communicate the role and importance of the industry, using reliable data and information;
Monitor activities that affect the automobile industry, cooperating with the other stakeholders involved;
Undertake strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of mobility, sustainability and
competitiveness.
Through its member companies, ACEA taps into a wealth of technical, regulatory and practical expertise
in the following priority fields:
Competitiveness, Market and Economy
Environment and Sustainability
International Trade
Research and Innovation
Safety
Transport Policy
6

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

about ACEA

How ACEA works

The ACEA Board of Directors is composed of the CEOs of its member companies. Additionally,
a Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors addresses the specific issues that face the commercial vehicle
manufacturers that ACEA represents: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, Iveco, MAN Truck & Bus, Scania,
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Group.
The day-to-day work of the ACEA secretariat is overseen by the Secretary General, who ensures
that the Board of Directors priorities are addressed. Technical expertise and advisory input come from
working groups on topics as diverse as emissions, road and vehicle safety, general transport policy
and regulatory compliance. These specialist working groups are made up of experts from the member
companies, and are chaired by ACEA staff.
7

acea

ACEA secretariat
Secretary General

Regulatory Affairs Director

Communications Director

Erik Jonnaert

Aldo Celasco

Cara McLaughlin

Commercial Vehicles Director

Safety Director

Communications Manager

Christine Buck

Gianfranco Burzio

Charles de Lusignan

Emissions & Fuels Director

Technical Affairs Director

Statistics & Communications Advisor

Paul Greening

Erwin Kirschner

Francesca Piazza

Environmental Policy Director

Trade & Economics Director

Information Technology Director

Tobias Bahr

Erik Bergelin

Marc Vanderstraeten

Environmental Policy Advisor

Trade & Economics Manager

Finance & Administration Director

Silvia Vecchione

Mt Kander

Tanguy De Decker

Legal & Taxation Director

Transport Policy Director

Marc Greven

Fuensanta Martinez-Sans

ACEA Tokyo Office

Anthony Millington
+81 3 350 563 41
[email protected]

Mobility & Sustainable Transport

Director

Petr Dolejsi
Parliamentary Affairs Director

Cline Domecq
8

ACEA
Avenue des Nerviens 85
B1040 Brussels
+32 2 732 55 50
[email protected]

ACEA Beijing Office

Dominik Declercq
+86 10 6463 4055
[email protected]

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

BMW AG
Petuelring 130
D80788 Munich
T. +49 89 3820
www.bmwgroup.com
DAF TRUCKS NV
Hugo van der Goeslaan 1
NL5643 PT Eindhoven
T. + 31 40 214 9111
www.daftrucks.com

DAIMLER AG
D70546 Stuttgart
T. +49 711 170
www.daimler.com
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
www.fcagroup.com

about ACEA

ACEA members

FORD OF EUROPE GmbH

Henry Fordstrasse 1
D50725 Cologne
T. +49 221 900
www.ford.com
OPEL GROUP GmbH
Bahnhofsplatz
D65423 Rsselsheim
T. +49 6142 770
www.gm.com
9

acea

HYUNDAI MOTOR
EUROPE GmbH
Kaiserleipromenade 5
D63067 Offenbach am Main
T. +49 69 271 4720
www.hyundai-europe.com
IVECO SpA
Via Puglia 35
I10156 Turin
T. +39 011 006 11 11
www.iveco.com
JAGUAR LAND ROVER
Banbury Road
Gaydon
UKWarwick CV35 ORR
T. +44 19 2664 1111
www.jaguarlandrover.com
PSA PEUGEOT CITRON
Avenue de la Grande Arme 75
F75116 Paris Cedex
T. +33 1 40 66 55 11
www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com
10

RENAULT SA
Quai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15
F92109 Boulogne-Billancourt
T. +33 1 41 04 50 50
www.renault.com
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE SA
Avenue du Bourget 60
B1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 21 11
www.toyota.eu
VOLKSWAGEN AG
Berliner Ring 2
D38436 Wolfsburg
T. +49 536 190
www.volkswagenag.com
VOLVO CAR CORPORATION
S405 31 Gothenburg
T. +46 31 59 00 00
www.volvocars.com
AB VOLVO
S405 08 Gothenburg
T. +46 31 66 51 70
www.volvogroup.com

MAN Truck & Bus AG

(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
Postfach 50 06 20
D80995 Munich
T. +49 891 580 01
www.mantruckandbus.com

SCANIA AB
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
S151 87 Sodertalje
T. +46 8 55 38 10 00
www.scania.com

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Brussels ACEA member representations

Hyundai Motor Group

Brussels Office
Rue de la Loi 227
B1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 205 03 60

Daimler EU
Corporate Representation
Rue Froissart 133
B1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 233 11 45

Delegation to Europe
Rue Jules Cockx 12A
B1160 Brussels
T. +32 2 513 63 92

Ford Motor Company

EU Affairs
Rue Montoyer 40 B7
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 761 06 11

Opel Group Public Policy

& Government Relations
Rue dIdalie 11-13
B1050 Brussels
T. +32 2 773 69 81

Jaguar Land Rover

Brussels Office
Avenue dAuderghem 22-28
B1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 238 10 44

about ACEA

BMW Group
Representative Office
Boulevard de Waterloo 25
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 50 30

PSA Peugeot Citron EU

Delegation
Avenue des Arts 53
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 545 11 79
11

acea

Volkswagen Group EU
Representation
Rue Archimde 25
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 645 49 53

MAN Truck & Bus Brussels Office

(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
Rue Jacques de Lalaing 4
B1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 230 41 95

Renault European Affairs

Avenue des Arts 40
B1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 274 10 00

Volvo Car Corporation

Brussels Office EU Affairs
Rue du Luxembourg 3
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 503 69 67

Scania EU Representation
(Commercial Vehicle Board member)
c/o Kreab Gavin Anderson
Avenue de Tervueren 2
B1040 Brussels
T. +32 2 737 69 02

Toyota Motor Europe

Avenue du Bourget 60
B1140 Brussels
T. +32 2 745 33 13

Volvo Group EU Representation

Rue du Luxembourg 3
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 482 58 70

PSA Peugeot Citron EU

Delegation
Avenue des Arts 53
B1000 Brussels
T. +32 2 545 11 79

12

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

ACEA associated organisations

belgium
FEBIAC
Belgian Federation of Automobile
& Motorcycle Industries
Boulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6
B1200 Brussels
T. +32 2 778 64 00
F. +32 2 762 81 71
www.febiac.be

cyprus
OEB
Employers & Industrialists
Federation
Acropoleos Avenue &
Glafkou Street 2
PoBox 21657
CY1511 Nicosia
T. +357 22 66 51 02
F. +357 22 66 94 59
http://en.oeb.org.cy

czech republic
AIA CR (SAP)
Automotive Industry Association
of the CR
Opletalova 55
CZ110 00 Prague 1
T. +420 221 602 982
F. +420 224 239 690
www.autosap.cz

about ACEA

austria
FFOE
Automobile Industry Association
of Austria
Wiedner Hauptstrasse 63
A1045 Vienna
T. +43 5 90 900 48 00
F. +43 5 90 900 289
www.automotiveindustry.at

bulgaria
ACM
Association of Car
Manufacturers & their Authorised
Representatives for Bulgaria
Veliko Tarnovo Street 37
BG1504 Sofia
T. +359 2 946 12 50
F. +359 2 94 33 944
www.svab.bg

denmark
DBI
Danish Car Importers Association
Rdhuspladsen 16
DK1550 Copenhagen V
T. +45 39 16 23 23
F. +45 39 16 24 24
www.bilimp.dk
13

acea

14

estonia
AMTEL
Union of Estonian Car Sales
& Service Enterprises
Prnu Road 232
EST11314 Tallinn
T. +372 672 23 08
F. +372 650 21 97
www.amtel.ee

france
CCFA
French Automobile
Manufacturers Association
Rue de Presbourg 2
F75008 Paris
T. +33 1 49 52 51 00
F. +33 1 49 52 51 88
www.ccfa.fr

greece
AMVIR (SEAA)
Association of Motor Vehicle
Importers Representatives
Kifisias Avenue 296
GR152 32 Chalandri Athens
T. +30 210 689 1400
F. +30 210 685 9 022
www.seaa.gr

finland
AUTOTUOJAT RY
Association of Automobile
Importers in Finland
Ateneuminkuja 2 C
FIN00100 Helsinki
T. +358 207 928 850
F. +358 207 928 859
www.autotuojat.fi

germany
VDA
German Association of
the Automotive Industry
Behrenstrasse 35
D10117 Berlin
T. +49 30 897 8420
F. +49 30 897 842 600
www.vda.de

hungary
AHAI (MGSZ)
Association of the Hungarian
Automotive Industry
Thn Kroly u. 35
H1119 Budapest
T. +36 1 371 5874
F. +36 1 371 5874
www.gepjarmuipar.hu

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

italy
ANFIA
Italian Association of
the Automobile Industry
Corso Galileo Ferraris 61
I10128 Turin
T. +39 011 554 65 11
F. +39 011 545 986
www.anfia.it

latvia
AUTO ASOCICIJAS
Automotive Association
Vangau Street 5
LV1024 Riga
T. +371 6 752 99 79
F. +371 6 754 03 15
www.lpaa.lv

lithuania
LAA
Lithuanian Autoenterpreneurs
Association
P. adeikos g. 1b
LT06319 Vilnius
T. +370 5 230 12 24
F. +370 5 230 12 25
www.laa.lt

malta
ACIM
Association of Car Importers
Malta
PoBox 50 Valletta Building
MTSan Gwann
T. +356 21 38 57 74
F. +356 21 22 33 06
about ACEA

ireland
SIMI
Society of the Irish
Motor Industry
Upper Pembroke Street 5
IRLDublin 2
T. +353 1 676 16 90
F. +353 1 661 92 13
www.simi.ie

the netherlands
RAI
Motorcycle & Automobile Industry
Association
Koningin Wilhelminaplein 30
PoBox 74800
NL1062 KR Amsterdam
T. + 31 20 504 49 49
F. +31 20 646 38 57
www.raivereniging.nl
15

acea

norway

16

BIL
Automobile Importers
Association
kernveien 99
PoBox 71 kern
N0508 Oslo
T. +47 22 64 64 55
F. +47 22 64 85 95
www.bilimportorene.no

portugal
ACAP
Automobile Association
of Portugal
Avenida Torre de Belm 29
P1400342 Lisbon
T. +351 21 303 53 00
F. +351 21 302 14 74
www.acap.pt

poland
PZPM
Polish Automotive Industry
Association
Al. Niepodlegoci 69
PL02626 Warsaw
T. +48 22 322 71 98
F. +48 22 322 76 65
www.pzpm.org.pl

romania
ACAROM
Automobile Manufacturers
Association of Romania
Str. Banu Mrcine Bl. D5
RO110194 Pitesti
T. +40 248 211 245
F. +40 248 217 990
www.acarom.ro

slovak republic
ZAP SR
Automotive Industry Association SR
Tomikova 26
SK821 01 Bratislava
T. +421 2 4364 2235
F. +421 2 4364 2237
www.zapsr.sk

slovenia
ADS
Association of Automobile
Manufacturers
& Authorised Importers
c/o Chamber of Commerce
& Industry of Slovenia
Dimiceva 13
SI1000 Ljubljana
T. +386 1 58 98 217
F. +386 1 58 98 219
www.adsslo.org

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

sweden
BIL Sweden
Swedish Association of
Automobile Manufacturers
& Importers
PoBox 26173 Storgatan 19
S100 41 Stockholm
T. +46 8 700 41 00
F. +46 8 791 23 11
www.bilsweden.se

switzerland

auto-suisse
Automobile Association
of Swiss Importers
Wlflistrasse 5
Postfach 47
CH3000 Bern 22
T. +41 31 306 65 65
F. +41 31 306 65 60
www.auto-suisse.ch
www.auto-schweiz.ch

united kingdom
SMMT
Society of Motor Manufacturers
and Traders
Great Peter Street 71
UKLondon SW1P 2BN
T. +44 207 235 70 00
F. +44 207 235 71 12
www.smmt.co.uk
about ACEA

spain
ANFAC
Spanish Association of Car
& Truck Manufacturers
Iberia Mart II Building
Calle Orense 34
E28020 Madrid
T. +34 91 343 13 45
F. +34 91 343 13 77
www.anfac.com

turkey
OSD
Automotive Manufacturers
Association
Atilla Sokak 10 Altunizade
TR34676 Istanbul
T. +90 216 318 29 94
F. +90 216 321 94 97
www.osd.org.tr
17

acea

The EUCAR Office is composed of:

Simon Godwin
[email protected]
Director
Alessandro Coda
[email protected]
Research Coordinator
Mara Pieroni
[email protected]
Assistant to Chairman and Director
EUCAR members are:
BMW Group, DAF, Daimler,
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles,
Ford of Europe, Opel Group,
Hyundai Motor Europe,
Jaguar Land Rover,
PSA Peugeot Citron, Renault,
Scania, Toyota Motor Europe,
Volkswagen Group,
Volvo Cars and Volvo Group.
18

The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR)

is the collaborative research organisation of the major automobile
manufacturers in Europe, with the mission to strengthen the
competitiveness of the manufacturers through strategic collaborative
research and innovation.
Together with its members, EUCAR drives the strategy and
assessment of collaborative automotive research and innovation,
and establishes common work with the European Commission,
member states and other key stakeholders. These activities facilitate
the participation of EUCARs members in high-quality projects with
industrially-relevant results. Projects are mainly financed through
the European Union Framework Programmes for research and
innovation, currently Horizon 2020, matched with industry funding.
EUCAR collaborative research and innovation activities cover
both passenger and commercial vehicles, focused on the following
Strategic Pillars:
Sustainable Propulsion
Safe and Integrated Mobility
Affordability and Competitiveness
EUCAR is governed by its Council, composed of the heads of the
research and advanced development divisions of the member
companies. EUCARs Chairman is nominated annually from the
Council on a rotating basis.

Key Figures

Key Figures

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

The automobile
industry:
the engine
of Europe

Moving people

Delivering
the goods

Trucks and vans deliver the

goods and services we take
for granted in our daily lives,
carrying 75% of freight
transported over land and
delivering 18 billion tonnes
of goods per year.

Serving
the Community

creating
Skilled JOBS
12.7 million people work
in the sector representing
5.8% of the EU employed
population.
The 3.1 million high-skilled jobs
in automotive manufacturing
represent 10.3% of the EUs
manufacturing employment.

spurring
innovation
The automotive sector is the
EUs largest investor in R&D,
accounting for 25% of total R&D
spending.

Many of our essential public

services such as postal, waste
and emergency services are
delivered by cars, trucks
and vans.

The EU auto industry invests

over 32 billion into R&D.
The European Patent Office
registers 10,500 applications in
the auto sector per year.

Key figures

Cars and buses offer freedom

and mobility for all, providing us
with direct access to education,
health and employment.

21

key figures

manufacturing
in europe
Vehicle manufacturing is a
strategic industry in the EU,
where 16.2 million cars,
vans, trucks and buses are
manufactured.

Driving sustainable
mobility
Europes cars, vans, trucks
and buses are the cleanest,
safest and quietest in the world.
Europe leads the way in clean
production, with decreasing
quantities of water and energy
used to manufacture a vehicle,
and much less CO2 and waste
produced in the process.

22

ACEAs members operate 190

vehicle assembly and production
plants in 22 countries across
Europe.

exporting
worldwide
The European auto industry is
a global player, delivering
6.6 million Made in Europe
vehicles around the world, and
bringing in a 95 billion trade
surplus.

generating
government
revenue

Motor vehicles account for

389 billion in tax contribution
in just 14 EU countries a vital
source of government revenue.

powering
economic growth
The 843 billion turnover
generated by the automotive
sector represents 6.6%
of EU GDP.
The automobile industry has
ripple effects throughout the
economy, supporting a vast
supply chain and generating an
array of business services.

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Driving safe and sustainable mobility

Europes cars, vans, trucks and buses are the cleanest, safest and quietest in the world.
Huge advances have been made in air quality, largely through investments in new engine
technologies. It now takes 100 modern passenger cars to produce the same quantity of pollutant
emissions as just one from 1970. The average car engine emits 28 times less carbon monoxide
than 20 years ago. Also, pollutant emissions from todays EURO VI trucks have been slashed
to near-zero levels, down 98% since 1990.
Engine improvements have also reduced the CO2 emissions from new vehicles. Some 49% of
new cars emit less than 120g of CO2 per kilometre, and car fleet CO2 emissions decreased by
31.7% between 1995 and 2013. The fuel consumption of todays heavy duty vehicles is down
at least 60% since 1965: a modern truck can transport 1 tonne of goods up to a distance
of 100km using as little as 1 litre of fuel.

Key figures

EU road transport fatalities have been halved in the past decade, from 54,000 in 2001
to 26,000 in 2013.
Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970.
Europe also leads the way in clean production, with decreasing quantities of water and energy used
to manufacture a vehicle, and much less CO2 and waste produced in the process.
23

key figures

The automobile sector

is the EUs largest investor in R&D
R&D shares of sectors of the main world regions | 2013

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology

Technology Hardware & Equipment

Automobiles & Parts

Software & Computer Services

Electronic & Electronical Equipment

Industrial Engineering

Chemicals

Aerospace & Defence

General Industrials

Leisure Goods

Other

EU

17%

US

25%

10%

22%

Japan

11%

0%

25%

11%

10%

20%

30%

5%

4%

40%

50%

5%

6%

18%

7%

25%

Source: The 2013 EU industrial r&d investment scoreboard

European commission, jrc/dg rtd

24

3%

3%

7%

11%

60%

6%

7%

70%

2%

3%

21%

3%

2%

3%

4%

10%

80%

13%

12%

90%

100%

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Spurring innovation
Patent applications filed by the automotive sector | 2013

EU

24.5%

Japan

12.3% US

In
a total of

2013,

10,568 patents

2.2%

Switzerland

were filed in the automotive sector

1.5%

South Korea

at the European Patent Office

1.0%

China

0.9%

Canada

0.9%

Taiwan

2.3%

Others

Key figures

54.3%

Source: based on European Patent Office data - 2014

25

key figures

Key figures
Production
Total motor vehicles (World)
Total motor vehicles (EU27)
Total passenger cars (World)
Total passenger cars (EU27)
Production value
New Registrations Total motor vehicles (World)
Total motor vehicles (EU27)
Total passenger cars (World)
Total passenger cars (EU27)
Diesel (Western Europe)
Employment
Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27)
Total (including indirect, EU27)
Turnover
Manufacture of motor vehicles (EU27)
R&D Investment ACEA members
Value Added
EU27
Exports
Extra-EU27
Imports
Extra-EU27
Trade Balance

MV in use (Parc) Total motor vehicles
(EU27) Passenger cars
Motorisation rate (cars)
Tax Revenue from Motor Vehicles (EU15)
W.Europe = EU15 + EFTA
Source: ACEA, VDA, AAA, IHS Global Insight, Eurostat

26

2013 87.3 m units

2013 16.2 m units
= 19% of worldwide MV production
2013 65.4 m units
2013 14.6 m units
= 22% of worldwide PC production
2012
681.5 bn
2013 85.6 m units
2013 13.6 m units
= 16% of worldwide MV registrations/sales
2013 73.1 m units
2013 11.9 m units
= 16% of worldwide PC registrations/sales
2013
53 %
2011 2.2 m people
= 7.4% of EU manufacturing
2011 12.7 m people
= 5.8% of EU employed population
2012
843.4 bn
= 6.6% of EU GDP
2012
32.3 bn
= 3.8% of turnover
2011
154.3 bn
= 9% of manufacturing sector
2013
123.1 bn
2013
27.9 bn
2013
95.1 bn
2012 281.4 m units
2012 246.3 m units
2011 487 per 1,000 inhab.
2013
388.8 bn

Employment

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Employment

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Employment

The automotive industry generates 12.7 million jobs in the EU

Automobile sector: direct and indirect* employment
AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS)

Automobile manufacturing
Coachwork, trailers, caravans
Equipment and accessories

(NACE c291)
(NACE c292)
(NACE c293)

2.2m jobs
direct
3.1m jobs

Source: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT COMPREHENSIVE DATA AVAILABLE | 2011

OTHER MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes

Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements
Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment
Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment
Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers

(NACE c2211)
(NACE c2815)
(NACE c2825)
(NACE c262)
(NACE c2711)

manufacturing

0.9m jobs
indirect

AUTOMOBILE USE

Sale of motor vehicles

Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles
Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories
Retail sale of automotive fuel
Renting and leasing of motor vehicles

(NACE g451)
(NACE g452)
(NACE g453)
(NACE g473)
(NACE n771)

Total
12.7m jobs
3.9m jobs

9.6m jobs

non-manufacturing

TRANSPORT

Passenger land transport (urban and suburban, taxi)

Freight transport by road

10.4m jobs
indirect

(NACE h493)
(NACE h4941)

4.9m jobs

(NACE f4211)
(NACE f4213)

0.7m jobs

CONSTRUCTION

Construction of roads and motorways

Construction of bridges and tunnels

* Indirect employment data does not report employment in the raw materials sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textiles, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.

29

employment

Trends in automotive employment in the EU

EU automobile employment by year | 2008 2011
Units

16.000.000
14.000.000
12.000.000
10.000.000

Source: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT COMPREHENSIVE DATA AVAILABLE | 2011

8.000.000
6.000.000

Manufacturing direct

4.000.000

Manufacturing indirect*
Automobile use

2.000.000

Transport
Construction

0
2008

2009

2010

Employment related to the automotive sector

2011

2008

2009

2010

2011

% chg 11/08

2,233,422

2,218,600

2,171,800

2,239,100

0.3%

846,010

879,023

889,124

885,295

4.6%

Automobile use

4,443,645

4,549,700

4,348,100

3,921,800

-11.7%

Transport

5,111,300

4,816,500

4,818,900

4,901,400

-4.1%

759,100

748,400

713,200

728,700

-4.0%

Manufacturing direct
Manufacturing indirect*

Construction
Total

13,393,477 13,212,223 12,941,124 12,676,295

* Indirect employment data does not report employment in the raw materials sector (eg steel, aluminium, glass, etc), textiles, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing,
vehicle insurance and financing, etc.

30

-5.4%

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Employment

10.3% of EU manufacturing employment is in the automotive sector

Total manufacturing employment in the EU % share | 2011

Direct automotive

Source: Based on Eurostat data | 2011

7.4% manufacturing employment 2.2m

Indirect automotive

EU manufacturing employment
non-automotive 27.3m 89.7%

2.9% manufacturing employment 0.9m

Direct automotive employment (manufacturing)

2.2m people

Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector

3.1m people = 10.3% of total EU employment in manufacturing

Total automotive employment (manufacturing, services* and construction)

12.7m people

EU28 total population in 2011

497.9m people

EU28 total employment in 2011

217.8m people

EU28 employed population in the manufacturing sector

Source: BASED ON EUROSTAT MOST RECENT DATA AVAILABLE | 2011

30.4m people

= 7.4% of total EU employment in manufacturing

= 5.8% of EU employed population

= 13.9% of total employed population

*in activities specified

31

employment

A closer look at automotive employment

Direct automotive employment by country | 2011

900
800

Units - in thousands

784

700
600
500

Source: Based on Eurostat data | 2011

400

32

300
224

200

169

154

148

140

129

100

125
71

66

57

37

30

30

20

13

13

BE

AT

PT

NL

SI

BG

FI

DK

EE

GR

IE

HR

LT

LV

CY

LU

DE

FR

IT

PL

CZ

ES

UK

RO

SE

HU

SK

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Employment

Road transport accounts for almost half of all transport-related jobs

Employment* by mode of transport in the EU | 2011

Passenger transport
18.7%

Source: Based on Eurostat data | 2011

Road transport 47.0%

Warehousing and support activities 23.9%

Postal and courier activities 17.5%

Railways
5.8%

Feight transport
28.3%

Air transport 3.5%

Sea transport 1.7%

Inland water transport 0.4%

Pipelines
0.3%

* Employment in companies the main activity of which lies in the transport mode concerned

33

Production

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Production

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

22.3% of the worlds cars are produced in the EU

Passenger car production international comparison, % share | 20002013
NAFTA

Japan

South Korea

BRIC

Production

EU*

Units

30,000,000
39.6%

25,000,000
35.2%

20,000,000
39.3%

34.1%

26.2%

15,000,000

Source: OICA | 2014

10,000,000

19.2%

20.3% 20.3%

5,000,000

22.3%

8.7%

8.4%

6.3%

14.3%

15.8%

14.2%

10.8%

12.5%
6.3%

6.6%

7.2%

0
2000

2005

2010

2013

Passenger car production world | 2013

Source: OICA | 2014

EU*

NAFTA

Japan

South Korea

BRIC

Others
Total World

Volume

% share

14,616,202

22.3%

7,084,136

10.8%

8,189,323

12.5%

4,122,604

6.3%

25,886,146

39.6%

5,534,876

8.5%

65.433.287

100%

* constant EU27 perimeter throughout the period

37

Production

Passenger car production world, % share | 2013

Source: ACEA, OICA | 2014

10.8% NAFTA

South Korea 6.3%

12.5% Japan

India 4.8%

22.3% EU

Asia-Others 4.7%

27.6% China

Brazil 4.2%

Russia 2.9%
Others 2.7%

Europe-Others 1.1%

Japan 6.6%

Thailand 6.4%

Asiaothers: Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand

Europeothers: Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine
Others: Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan

Commercial vehicle production world, % share | 2013

Source: ACEA, OICA | 2014

7.2% EU

38

18.4% China

Brazil 4.6%

43.0% NAFTA

India 3.4%

Europe-Others 3.4%

Others 3.3%
Asia-Others 1.9%

South Korea 1.8%

Asiaothers: Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Taiwan

Europeothers: Russia, Serbia, Ukraine
Others: Argentina, Egypt, Iran, South Africa, Uzbekistan

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

World car production is on the rise

Units

+22.0% +2.9%

60,000,000
+6.6%

50,000,000

Source: OICA | 2014

40,000,000

-0.7%

+4.2%

+3.7%

-3.4%

+3.8%

+1.5%

+6.2%

+5.2%

+6.5%

+5.2%

Production

World passenger car production trend | 19972013

+3.7%

-0.9%
-9.4%

30,000,000
20,000,000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

World passenger car production international comparison | 20012013

Units

18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000

EU
China
Japan
South Korea
India
USA
Brazil
Russia

10,000,000
8,000,000

Source: OICA | 2014

6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

39

Production

World commercial vehicle production is climbing

World commercial vehicle production trend | 19992013
Units

25,000,000
20,000,000

Source: OICA | 2014

15,000,000

+4.0%

-4.0%

+7.0%

+6.0%

+6.7%

-1.6%

-1.6%

+3.9%

+38.1%

-11.3%

+4.1%

+4.8%

+3.4%

-21.2%

10,000,000
5,000,000
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

World commercial vehicle production international comparison | 20012013

Units

9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000

USA
China
EU
Thailand
Canada
Japan
Mexico
India

5,000,000
4,000,000

Source: OICA | 2014

3,000,000

40

2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

16.2 million vehicles are produced in the EU

Source: ACEA (National Automobile Associations) | 2013

TOTAL

AUSTRIA

146,566 19,862

BELGIUM

449,600 30,564

CZECH REPUBLIC 1,128,473

FINLAND

FRANCE

1,460,000

280,000

n.a.

1,740,000

GERMANY

5,439,904

278,318

n.a.

5,718,222

HUNGARY 220,000 2,400 222,400

ITALY

NETHERLANDS

POLAND

475,000 104,055

4,203

583,258

PORTUGAL

109,698

3,400

154,016

ROMANIA 410,959

SLOVAKIA 975,000 975,000

SLOVENIA

SPAIN

SWEDEN

UNITED KINGDOM 1,509,762 68,823

EU

4,458

166,428
480,164
1,132,931

8,000

388,465 236,040

33,702

0 0
40,918

161,080

14,616,202

1,429,748

8,000

658,207

38 410,997

89,395 4,339
1,719,700 419,954

Production

Motor vehicle production in the EU by country | 2013

23,684
n.a.
18,848
137,774

93,734
2,163,338
161,080
1,597,433
16,183,724

1. Double countings are deducted from the totals

2. Figures for certain categories were not communicated in 2013

41

Production

Trends in EU car production

Passenger car production in the EU | 19902013
Units

18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000

+8.8%
-3.2%

+2.0%

+12.4%

+3.8%

+2.9%

+1.1%

+3.1%

+0.2%

-1.2%

-1.2%

+1.9%

-0.9%

+4.3%

+1.3%

+5.6%

-6.7%

+9.9%
-12.8%

+2.7%

-6.8%

-0.1%

-15.1%

10,000,000
8,000,000

Source: ACEA | 2014

6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia

Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

42

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Trends in EU commercial vehicle production

Production

Commercial vehicle production in the EU | 19902013

Units

3,000,000
+13.2%
+17.3%

2,000,000
-7.7%

-1.0%

+20.6%
-23.5%

+10.2%

+7.5%

-3.3%

-3.3%

-6.0%

+2.3%

+3.8%

+3.3%

+3.8%

+5.4%

-5.2%
+9.8%
+39.3%

+2.2%

-19.5%

-2.4%

-47.3%

Source: ACEA | 2014

1,000,000

0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

43

Production

The EU produces 35 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants

Motor vehicle production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2013
200
180

180

160
140
120
108

100

Production / 1,000 inhabitants

Source: Eurostat, ACEA | 2014

80

70

60
46

40

46

43

35

27

20

25

21

20

17

15

15

11

0
SK

CZ

DE

ES

SI

BE

FR

UK

EU
* only production of cars available in 2013

44

22

HU

RO

AT

SE*

PL

PT

IT

FI*

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

ACEA members operate 190 plants across Europe

Source: ACEA | 2014

EU

Plants

Austria

Belarus

NON - EU

Belgium

Kazakhstan

Bulgaria

Russia

Plants

2
4
34

Croatia

Serbia

Czech Republic

Turkey

15

Finland

Ukraine

France

34

Uzbekistan

Germany

43

Hungary

Italy

22

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

acea members

Romania

Slovakia

190
Total Europe 22
166
Total EU 16

Slovenia

Spain

15

Sweden

11

United Kingdom

34

Production

Automobile assembly and production plants in Europe | 2014

all manufacturers Countries Plants

293
Total Europe 26

226
Total EU 19

14
Countries

Plants

45

Production

Europe leads the way in resource-efficient production

European automobile manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production in
recent years.
Long-term strategies for reducing water consumption have made it possible to reduce water use per car produced by 33.5% between 2005
and 2013. This includes the increased application of recirculation technologies for the reuse of water.

Water used
million m3

m3/car

100

6.50

-40.

95

2%

90

6.00

85

5.50

80
75

5.00

70
4.50

Source: ACEA | 2014

65
60

4.00

55

3.50

50

2005
Water total (million m3/year)

46

2006

2007

Water per unit produced (m3/car)

2008

2009

Total industry volume production

2010

2011

2012

2013

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Energy consumption
MWh/car

-11
.1%

45

3.3

40

3.1

35
2.9

Source: ACEA | 2014

30

2.7

25

2.5

20

2005

2006

Energy total (million MWh/year)

2007

2008

2009

2010

Energy per unit produced (MWh/car)

2011

2012

2013

Total industry volume production

Production

million MWh

As cars are equipped with more and more features to make them safer, more comfortable and
more environmental friendly, the complexity of
production increases as well, which affects energy demand. However, manufacturers constantly
work on improving energy efficiency. As a result,
total energy consumption in recent years, between
2005-2013, decreased by 11.1%. Fluctuation in
energy per car produced can be explained by lower
production volumes in certain years, as well as
variable weather conditions in some years.

CO2 emissions
million
tonnes

tons/car

14

0.90

13

0.80

0.85

Source: ACEA | 2014

0.75

-22.

8%

12

0.70
0.65

11

0.60

10

0.50

0.55

2005

2006

CO2 emissions total (million t/year)

2007

2008

2009

2010

CO2 emissions per unit produced (t/car)

2011

2012

2013

Total industry volume production

The CO2 emissions per vehicle produced between

2005-2013 dropped by 14.1%, while the overall
figure went down by 22.8%, reflecting the industrys
efforts to reduce CO2 emissions.

47

Production

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions

tonnes

kg/car

65,000

4.10
3.90

60,000

.9%

50,000

3.50
3.30

45,000

Source: ACEA | 2014

3.70

- 43

55,000

3.10

- 35

.6%

40,000

2.90
2.70

35,000

2.50
2.30

30,000

2005
VOC emissions total (t)

2006

2007

VOC emissions per unit produced (kg/car)

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Total industry volume production

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced
and the absolute emissions of all passenger car manufacturers altogether. With new technologies, such as water-based paints that replace
solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce emissions by 35.6% per vehicle over the last nine years.

48

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

tonnes

kg/car

1,700,000

Source: ACEA | 2014

Production

Waste (excluding scrap metal)

120

+3.0

1,600,000

100

1,500,000

80

1,400,000

60

1,300,000

40

-7.3%

1,200,000

20

1,100,000

2005

2006

Waste total (t/year) excluding scrap metal

2007

2008

2009

Waste per unit produced (kg/car) excluding scrap metal

2010

2011

2012

2013

Total industry volume production

The total amount of waste generated by the manufacturing of vehicles went down by 7.3% over nine years. The 3% rise in waste per unit produced
occurs mainly due to the increasing portion of one-way packaging which is a result of globalisation. Fluctuation, both in absolute waste and waste
per car, especially in 2008, can be explained by the occurrence of singular events, such as the formation of demolition waste.

49

Registrations

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Registrations

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Europe accounts for 21% of all motor vehicle registrations

New motor vehicle registrations world, market shares | 2013

Europe

18,252 21.3% 18,577 -1.8%

EU
EFTA

13,563

15.8%

13,749

-1.4%

529

0.6%

549

-3.6%

Russia

3,034

3.5%

3,198

-5.1%

Turkey

893

1.0%

818

9.2%
-11.7%

Ukraine

America
NAFTA

of which USA
Mercosur
of which Brazil

Asia

Source: ACEA, VDA | 2014

% change
13/12

233

0.3%

264

23,494

27.4%

22,159

6.0%

18,762

21.9%

17,527

7.0%

15,883

18.6%

14,788

7.4%

4,731

5.5%

4,632

2.1%

3,767

4.4%

3,802

-0.9%

36,049 42.1% 33,642 7.2%

China

21,984

25.7%

19,306

13.9%

Japan

5,376

6.3%

5,370

0.1%

India

3,241

3.8%

3,575

-9.3%

South Korea

1,538

1.8%

1,542

-0.2%

Asia-Others 1

3,910

4.6%

3,849

1.6%

Others
Total World

Europe

21.3%

America 27.4%

EU
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine

15.8%
0.6%
3.5%
1.0%
0.3%

Nafta 21.9%

USA 18.6%
Mercosur 5.5%
Brazil 4.4%

Others

9.1%

Registrations

Motor Vehicles
in 1,000 units
2013
% share
2012

Asia 42.1%

China
25.7%
Japan
6.3%
India
3.8%
South Korea 1.8%
1
Asia-Others
4.6%

7,796 9.1% 7,734 0.8%

85,591

100.0%

82,112

4.2%

1. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Pakistan, Singapore, Vietnam

53

registrations

16 million cars were registered in Europe in 2013

New passenger car registrations world, market shares | 2013
Passenger Cars
in 1,000 units
2013
% share
2012

Europe

15,964 21.8% 16,261 -1.8%

EU
EFTA

16.2%

12,054

-1.7%
-3.5%

457

0.6%

474

2,777

3.8%

2,939

-5.5%

Turkey

665

0.9%

556

19.5%

213

0.3%

238

-10.2%

America 1
NAFTA
Mercosur
of which Brazil

Asia

18,333

25.1%

17,100

7.2%

15,532

21.3%

14,442

7.5%

4,504

6.2%

4,431

1.6%

3,580

4.9%

3,634

-1.5%

27,111 37.1% 24,185 12.1%

China

16,304

22.3%

13,239

23.2%

Japan

4,562

6.2%

4,572

-0.2%

India

2,554

3.5%

2,761

-7.5%

South Korea

1,292

1.8%

1,307

-1.1%

Asia-Others2

2,399

3.3%

2,306

4.0%

Others
Total World

Europe

21.8%

America 31.3%

EU
EFTA
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine

16.2%
0.6%
3.8%
0.9%
0.3%

Nafta 25.1%

USA 21.3%
Mercosur 6.2%
Brazil 4.9%

22,837 31.3% 21,531 6.1%

of which USA

Source: ACEA, VDA | 2014

11,851

Russia
Ukraine

54

% change
13/12

Others

9.8%

7,159 9.8% 7,104 0.8%

73,070

100.0%

69,080

5.8%

Asia 37.1%

China
22.3%
Japan
6.2%
India
3.5%
South Korea 1.8%
2
Asia-Others
3.3%

1. including Light Commercial Vehicles

2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan,Thailand, Pakistan, Singapore, Vietnam

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Europe accounts for 18% of commercial vehicle registrations worldwide

New commercial vehicle registrations world, market shares | 2013

in 1,000 units

2013

Europe

1,712

13.7%

EFTA

72

Russia

256

Turkey
Ukraine

America 1
NAFTA

of which Brazil

Asia

% change
13/12

1,695

1.0%

0.6%

75

-3.7%

2.0%

259

-1.1%

228

1.8%

261

-12.6%

20

0.2%

26

-24.7%

430

3.4%

427

352

2.8%

346

1.7%

227

1.8%

201

13.0%

187

1.5%

168

11.6%

8,938 71.4% 9,457 -5.5%

5,680

45.4%

6,068

Japan

813

6.5%

797

2.0%

India

687

5.5%

814

-15.6%

-6.4%

South Korea

246

2.0%

235

4.8%

Asia-Others 2

1,511

12.1%

1,543

-2.1%

Others

18.3%

America 5.2%

EU
EFTA
Turkey
Russia
Ukraine

13.7%
0.6%
1.8%
2.0%
0.2%

Nafta 3.4%

USA 2.8%
Mercosur 1.8%
Brazil 1.5%

0.5%

China

Total World

Europe

657 5.2% 628 4.5%

of which USA
Mercosur

2012

2,288 18.3% 2,317 -1.2%

EU

Source: ACEA, VDA | 2014

% share

Registrations

Commercial Vehicles

Others

5.1%

Asia 71.4%

China
45.4%
India
5.5%
Japan
6.5%
South Korea 2.0%
2
Asia-Others
12.1%

638 5.1% 630 1.3%

12,521

100.0%

13,032

-3.9%

1. Excluding light commercial vehicles

2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam

55

registrations

The EU represents a market of almost 14 million vehicles

Motor vehicle registrations in the EU by country | 2013

Source: ACEA (National Automobile Associations) | 2014

56

TOTAL

AT

319,035 30,701 7,443

713 357,892

BE

486,065 53,419 7,655

BG

19,352

3,614

n.a.

CY

7,102

909

62

CZ

DK

EE

FI

FR

DE

TOTAL

LV

10,637 2,174 1,406 239 14,456

765 547,904

LT

12,152 1,823 3,421 176 17,572

n.a.

22,966

LU

n.a.

8,073

NL

417,036 50,582 13,523

164,736 11,669 8,643

891 185,939

PL

289,913 42,182 19,715 1,385 353,195

182,198 24,039 4,310

401 210,948

PT

46,624
3,142 949 171 50,886

105,921

18,202

2,392

583 481,724
174

126,689

RO

57,710 8,681 3,192 865 70,448

388 117,751

SK

66,000 5,075 3,856 275 75,206

1,790,456 364,989 44,965 6,963 2,207,373

SI

50,878 6,727 1,195 154 58,954

2,952,431 212,691 86,772 5,824 3,257,718

ES

722,703 85,463 13,136 1,648 822,950

19,500
2,702 861 126 23,189
103,450 10,405 3,508

GR

58,694 3,431 345 100 62,570

SE

HU

56,139 11,418 4,986

432

72,975

UK

IE

74,303 11,076 1,554

163

87,096

EU

IT

1,303,534 100,989 12,596 2,375 1,419,494

11,850,905 1,374,518 304,333

32,992 13,562,748

IS

NO

142,151 30,859 5,773 1,259 180,042

CH

307,885 29,242 3,569

EFTA
1. Data for Malta not available

269,599 37,342 4,896 1,230 313,067

2,264,737 271,073 52,952 6,951 2,595,713

EU+EFTA

7,274 584 91 73 8,022

585 341,281

457,310 60,685 9,433 1,917 529,345

12,308,215 1,435,203 313,766

34,909 14,092,093

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Vehicle sales mirror economic growth

New passenger car registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2013
New PC registrations EU

EU GDP

Eurostat forecast
+4
+3
+2

14,000,000

+1
+0

13,000,000

-1

12,000,000

Registrations

15,000,000

GDP growth (%)

New PC registrations (units)

Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN

16,000,000

-2
-3

11,000,000

-4

10,000,000

-5

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

New commercial vehicle registrations in the EU and GDP | 1997-2013

New CV registrations EU

EU GDP

Eurostat forecast

+4
+3

2,500,000

+2

2,300,000

+1
+0

2,100,000

-1

1,900,000

GDP growth (%)

New CV registrations (units)

Source: AAA, ACEA, DG ECFIN

2,700,000

-2
-3

1,700,000

-4

1,500,000

-5

1997

1998

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

57

registrations

Trend in new EU car registrations

New passenger car registrations in the EU in units, % change | 1990-2013

Units

16,000,000

+3.8%

15,000,000

+5.0%
+7.2%

14,000,000
13,000,000

-0.6%

+0.8%

+4.9%
+6.3%

Source: ACEA | 2014

12,000,000

58

11,000,000

+6.0%

+0.7%

-2.1%

+0.6%

+5.0%
-2.7%

+1.6%

+1.0%

-0.6%
-8.0%

-1.2%
-5.5%

-1.7%
-8.3%

-1.7%

-16.9%

10,000,000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations

New light commercial vehicle registrations in the EU in units, % change | 1997-2013
Units

2,000,000,
+13.1%

1,500,000

+9.0%

+5.6%

-2.8%

-2.5%

-2.7%

+9.5%

+3.0%

+0.4%

+5.7%

-9.7%
-29.5%

+8.7%

+7.5%
-13.5%

-0.5%

2012

2013

Registrations

Source: ACEA, based on AAA data | 2014

2,500,000

1,000,000
500,000
0
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

New medium & heavy commercial vehicle registrations in the EU in units, % change | 1997-2013
Units

Source: ACEA, based on AAA data | 2014

500,000
400,000
+16.5%

300,000

+12.7%

+2.5%

-3.7%

-10.0%

-1.2%

+9.5%

+6.1%

+6.4%

+6.5%

-2.6%
+26.6%
-44.4%

200,000

-8.5%

+6.7%

+7.1%

100,000
0
1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

59

registrations

A closer look at consumer demand

New passenger cars sold in Europe* by segment, in units | 1994-2013
Units

6,000,000

Small (A+B)

Lower Medium (C)

Upper Medium (D)

Luxury (E+F)

MPV

SUV

Others

5,000,000

Source: IHS Global Insight

4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Source: IHS Global Insight

New cars sold in Europe* by segment, % share | 2013

60

Lower medium (C) 21.0%

Upper medium (D)

9.0%

Luxury (E+F)

4.0%

MPV 14.0%
SUV 18.0%
Others

2.0%

Small (A+B) 33.0%

*Europe = EU27 (without Luxembourg) + Norway, Switzerland

More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

2.4 new cars were registered per 100 inhabitants in the EU in 2013
New passenger car registrations per 100 inhabitants in units | 2013
Units

10.0
8.7

Registrations

8.0

6.0
4.4

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.4

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.0

Source: ACEA, Eurostat | 2013

LU

BE CH AT DE UK DK SE NO FR

NL SI

IS

EU15

EU = EU27, data for Malta n.a.

EU15 = AT, BE, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GR, IE, IT, LU, NL, PT, SE, UK
EU11 = BG, CY, CZ, EE, HU, LV, LT, PL, RO, SK, SI

IT

FI

IE

CZ ES EE SK PT CY PL

HU GR LV

0.4

0.3

0.3

LT RO BG

EU11
EU27

61

registrations

The drive towards fuel efficiency

Source: Based on AAA data | 1995-2009:

EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU countries (data for BG, RO, CY, MT n.a.)

Source: Based on AAA data | 1995-2009:

EU15, 2010-2012: 23 EU countries (data for BG, RO, CY, MT n.a.)

Demand for passenger cars 120g CO2/km | 1995-2013

62

Units

7,000,000
6,000,000

5,740,437

5,000,000
3,865,560

4,000,000

4,283,478

4,594,922

3,247,803

3,000,000

+20%

2,057,924

2,000,000

1,494,098

1,000,000
2

1995 1996

813

20,339

88,174

159,384

306,514

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

583,614

2002

839,488

958,591

904,845 1,008,992

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

New passenger cars in the EU by CO2 emissions | 1995-2013

CO2 emissions (g/km)

161+

160-141

140-121

120 and less

80%
65%
49%
42%
28%

21%

20%

17%
3%

1995

0%

7%

1998

37%

36% 34%

35%

2001

31%
23%

2004

27% 26%
16%

11%

8%

3%

0%

29%

2007

2008

23%

25% 27% 25%

2009

30% 29%
19% 21%

2010

33% 33%
15%

19%

2011

32%
12%

18%

2012

39%
27%
9%

15%

2013

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

CO2 emissions of new cars:continuing the downward trend

Average CO2emissions of new cars in the EU in 2013 (in gCO2/km) and % change from 2007
Average CO2
of new cars % change
in 2013 2013/2007

NL
DK

109

-33.7%

114

-27.6%

PT

114

-20.3%

FR
GR

117

-21.5%

118

-28.2%

IE

121

-26.7%

IT
BE

122

-17.0%

124

FI: 132 ; -25.6%

SE: 137 ; -24.7%

EE: 148

-21.7%

132

-25.6%

AT
LU

133

-17.9%

134

-18.4%

DE
SE

136

-20.1%

137

-24.7%

PL: 136 ; -12.0%

DE: 136 ; -20.1%

BE: 124 ; -18.9%
LU: 134 ; -18.4%
FR: 117 ; -21.5%

CZ: 135
SK: 135

AT: 133 ; -17.9%

SI: 126

PT: 114 ; -20.3%

ES: 124 ; -20.9%

LT 143
EE 148
LV 149

LT: 143
NL: 109 ; -33.7%

SK 135
CZ 135
HU 136
136
-12.0%
PL

LV: 149

UK: 129 ;-21.7%

124
-20.9%
ES
SI 126
129

DK: 114 ; -27.6%

IE: 121 ; -26.7%

-18.9%

UK
FI

Registrations

HU: 136

IT: 122 ; -17.0%

GR: 118 ; -28.2%

Source: Acea | 2014

63

registrations

Most new cars have a diesel engine

Source: based on AAA (data for the EU15 + EFTA)

Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA % of new cars registered | 1990-2013

% share

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

IS

UK

DE

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Diesel penetration in the EU15 + EFTA by country, % of new cars registered | 2013
%share

80

Source: based on AAA (data for EU15 + EFTA)

70

64

60
50
40
30
20
10
0

LU

PT

IE

FR

ES

BE

SE

GR

AT

IT

NO

CH

FI

DK

NL

EU15
+
EFTA
More information on trends in new car characteristics at www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics

Vehicles in Use

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Vehicles in Use

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Cars in the EU are on average 8.6 years old

Average passenger car age by country | 2011
Years

16
14

14.0
12.3

12

10.5

10

9.8
8.6

8.5

8.2

8.0

7.7

GERMANY

FRANCE

BELGIUM

AUSTRIA

6
4
2

Vehicles in Use

Source: ANFAC, ACEA | 2014

0
ESTONIA

FINLAND

PORTUGAL

SWEDEN

EU*

Passenger car fleet* by age, % share | 2011

Source: ANFAC, ACEA | 2014

37.5% Cars > 10 years old

31.7% Cars 5-10 years old
30.8% Cars 5 years old

* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK.

67

vehicles in use

The share of diesel in the EU car fleet is gradually increasing

EU car fleet by fuel type, % share | 2011
Gasoline 60.2%

Source: ANFAC, ACEA | 2014

Diesel 36.8%
Other 3.0%

* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, United Kingdom.

EU car fleet by fuel type, % share | 2010

Gasoline 61.6%

Source: ANFAC, ACEA | 2012

Diesel 35.5%

68

Other 3.0%

* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, UK.

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

The EUs vehicle fleet continues to grow

EU passenger car fleet in units | 1990 2012
Units - in thousands

300,000
250,000
200,000

100,000
50,000
0
1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

2012

2005

2010

2011

2012

Vehicles in Use

Source: EUROSTAT | 2014

150,000

EU commercial vehicle fleet in units | 1990 2012

Units - in thousands

40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000

Source: EUROSTAT | 2014

20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
1990

1995

2000

69

vehicles in use

Vehicle spread in the EU

Passenger car fleet by country, % share & in units | 2012
Units
in millions
45
17.7%

40
15.1%

35
13.3%

30

12.1%

25

9.1%

20

7.7%

15

Source: EUROSTAT | 2014

10

70

3.2%
2.2%

2.1%

1.9%

1.9%

1.9%

1.8%

1.8%

1.2%

1.2%

1.1%

0.9%

0.8%

0.7%

0.7%

0.4%

0.3%

0.2%

0.2%

0.1%

0.1%

DK

IE

SK

LT

SI

LV

EE

CY

LU

MT

DE

IT

FR

UK

ES

PL

NL

BE

GR

CZ

AT

PT

RO

SE

FI

HU

BG

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

International comparison
Passenger car fleet in units | 2012
Units
in millions

250

242.2

200
150

130.7

100

59.1

50

67.8
36.9

29.1

0
EU*

USA

JAPAN

CHINA

RUSSIA

BRAZIL

14.6

15.8

S. KOREA

INDIA

1995

2012

S. KOREA

INDIA

Vehicles in Use

Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight

300

Passenger car fleet growth in units | 1995-2012

Units
in millions

Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight

300
250
200
150
100

50
0
EU*

USA

JAPAN

CHINA

RUSSIA

BRAZIL

* 27 countries included over the whole period

71

vehicles in use

The EU has 487 cars per 1,000 inhabitants

Car density per 1,000 inhabitant world | 1995-2012
Units

500

Source: Eurostat, IHS Global Insight

400

448

487

461 454

447 463

380

404

373

300

300

259

236

200

179

143

108

100

106 100

1995

147
2 11

0
EU

JAPAN

USA

S. KOREA

RUSSIA

BRAZIL

2005

50

CHINA

6 13

2012

INDIA

Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants EU | 2012

Units

700

663

600

621

592

590

563

549

542

539

500

518

512

487

487

486

476

472

467

465

464

456

448

429

400

415

399

385
337

300

305

301
224

Source: Eurostat | 2014

200

72

100
0

LU

IT

MT

LT

FI

CY

AT

DE

SI

FR

BE

EU

PL

ES

NL

GR

SE

UK

EE

CZ

PT

IE

DK

BG

SK

LV

HU

RO

Trade

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Trade

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporter

EU exports of passenger cars by value, % share | 2013

North America (NAFTA) 28.6%

EFTA & Eastern Europe 23.1%

Asia & Oceania 33.9%

Middle East 5.2%
South America & Caribbean 2.7%

Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

Trade

Africa 6.5%

75

TRADE

The EU exported 6.6 million vehicles in 2013

EU motor vehicle trade by type, in m | 2013

Source: Eurostat | 2013

2012

2013

% chg 13/12

trade
trade
trade
trade in value (m) imports exports balance imports exports balance imports exports balance

Passenger cars

Commercial vehicles (up to 5t)

24,074 107,751

83,677

3,401

4,637

1,236

Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches 823

7,156

6,333

tota l

28,298 119,544 91,246

23,510 111,560

88,050

-2.3%

3.5%

5.2%

3,487

4,503

1,016

2.5%

-2.9%

-17.8%

995

6,987

5,992

20.9%

-2.4%

-5.4%

-1.1%

2.9% 4.2%

27,992 123,050 95,058

EU motor vehicle trade by type, in units | 2013

Source: Eurostat | 2013

76

2012

2013

% chg 13/12

trade in volume (units) imports exports imports exports imports exports

Passenger cars

Commercial vehicles (up to 5t)

Commercial vehicles (over 5t) + buses & coaches

tota l

1,976,748 5,764,041
332,002

427,487

91,560

220,134

2,400,310 6,411,662

2,022,602 5,888,736
286,831

512,452

89,342

247,215

2,398,775 6,648,403

2.3%

2.2%

-13.6%

19.9%

-2.4%

12.3%

-0.1%

3.7%

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

A closer look at imports of all vehicle categories

Origin of EU motor vehicle imports in units | 2013

Source: Eurostat | 2013

2007

World

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

% chg 13/13 % share in 2013

3,620,596 3,246,820 2,522,080 2,488,966 2,527,846 2,400,310 2,398,775 -0.1% 100.0%

Turkey

516,265

529,232

369,309

434,401

458,543

478,779

455,137

-4.9%

19.0%

South Korea

640,323

446,070

350,740

295,044

376,618

377,448

390,616

3.5%

16.3%

Japan

966,429

862,930

671,091

605,229

516,008

389,425

369,211

-5.2%

15.4%

United States

450,878

366,619

156,215

186,702

243,264

242,930

219,932

-9.5%

9.2%

China

349,075

268,069

209,158

164,993

161,487

182,961

172,976

-5.5%

7.2%

India
Mexico
South Africa

58,380

98,935

259,357

230,018

258,884

150,495

161,411

7.3%

6.7%

151,916

182,124

116,449

139,319

184,367

166,889

107,335

-35.7%

4.5%

25,263

32,392

35,934

70,091

77,578

62,289

56,637

-9.1%

2.4%

Morocco

2,995

2,386

3,877

3,891

7,150

19,515

50,172

157.1%

2.1%

Thailand

83,088

62,943

35,919

44,434

40,470

25,262

41,088

62.6%

1.7%

Trade

Origin of EU motor vehicle imports | 2013

Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

Units

400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
TURKEY

S. KOREA

JAPAN

USA

CHINA

INDIA

MEXICO

S. AFRICA

Morocco

Thailand

77

TRADE

Most EU motor vehicle exports go to the US

Main destinations of EU motor vehicle exports in units | 2013

2007

World

Source: Eurostat | 2013

United States

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

880,676

550,839

714,941

751,800

884,522

960,721

8.6%

14.5%

China

98,355

137,777

174,239

349,704

487,103

534,744

564,613

5.6%

8.5%

Russia

603,832

728,660

191,339

320,398

506,738

606,985

481,499

-20.7%

7.2%

Turkey

204,205

202,778

155,691

301,825

335,711

310,040

429,021

38.4%

6.5%

Switzerland

263,514

254,674

222,420

275,923

316,752

326,368

296,746

-9.1%

4.5%

Japan

191,055

145,009

114,670

148,109

177,898

207,151

245,172

18.4%

3.7%

Norway

165,650

135,024

114,962

155,595

167,996

163,107

217,598

33.4%

3.3%

Algeria

64,699

85,369

81,906

86,072

109,419

224,969

210,194

-6.6%

3.2%

Australia

135,932

136,538

96,374

141,255

156,381

190,290

186,843

-1.8%

2.8%

Ukraine

126,023

164,788

39,334

111,509

132,544

165,736

171,683

3.6%

2.6%

Units

1,000,000
Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

3.7% 100.0%

981,406

Destination of EU motor vehicle exports in units | 2013

78

% chg 13/12 % share in 2013

5,319,592 5,359,061 3,740,221 4,772,147 6,372,235 6,411,662 6,648,403

800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
USA

CHINA

RUSSIA

TURKEY

Switzerland

JAPAN

Norway

Algeria

Australia

Ukraine

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

The US and Japan account for the highest import value for cars
Origin of most EU passenger car imports by value, in m | 2013

World

Source: Eurostat | 2013

Japan

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

%chg13/12 %sharein2013

33,617 29,953 22,137 22,572 25,268 24,074 23,510 -2.3%

100.0%
11,875

10,720

8,284

7,701

7,469

5,868

5,678

-3.2%

United States

6,368

6,007

2,967

3,491

4,670

5,516

4,313

-21.8%

18.3%

South Korea

6,746

3,997

2,631

2,477

3,424

3,915

4,087

4.4%

17.4%

Turkey

4,256

3,719

3,210

3,416

3,353

3,132

3,513

12.2%

14.9%

Mexico

1,998

2,414

1,501

1,773

2,467

2,374

1,604

-32.4%

6.8%

333

586

1,539

1,347

1,775

978

1,066

9.0%

4.5%
3.2%

India

24.1%

Morocco

46

40

27

10

163

608

763

25.5%

South Africa

70

301

470

847

905

548

586

6.8%

2.5%

China

483

541

399

455

394

332

243

-26.8%

1.0%

Thailand

139

179

112

142

96

38

145

282.8%

0.6%

Passenger cars - origin of EU imports by value | 2013

Africa 5.8%

Trade

Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

India 4.5%
14.9% Turkey

China 1.0%

17.4% South Korea

24.1% Japan

ASEAN 0.6%

25.5 % NAFTA

Russia 0.1%

5.1% Others

Mercosur 0.1%

0.1% Middle East

Australia 0.0%

Efta 0.7%

79

TRADE

Most EU car imports come from South Korea

Origin of most EU passenger car imports in units | 2013

2007

World

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

452,143

353,724

297,744

386,592

406,684

405,138

-0.4%

Japan

955,261

859,627

680,141

606,489

515,648

390,939

365,652

-6.5%

18.1%

Turkey

390,123

365,758

316,224

332,643

337,340

319,690

362,355

13.3%

17.9%

United States

441,753

352,300

150,744

180,241

236,822

235,420

212,636

-9.7%

10.5%

61,621

99,547

266,204

232,821

260,604

150,914

172,965

14.6%

8.6%

Mexico

152,462

184,391

116,468

139,314

184,354

166,866

107,060

-35.8%

5.3%

China

336,866

253,813

154,775

155,679

149,464

110,642

101,418

-8.3%

5.0%

20.0%

Morocco

6,977

5,472

3,044

2,959

19,846

62,385

83,956

34.6%

4.2%

South Africa

3,905

20,612

31,418

65,420

72,100

43,934

42,482

-3.3%

2.1%

Switzerland

41,287

36,315

26,263

23,962

23,506

22,562

30,422

34.8%

1.5%

Units

400,000
Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

2.3% 100.0%

657,404

Origin of EU passenger car imports in units | 2013

80

% chg 13/11 % share in 2013

South Korea

India
Source: Eurostat | 2013

2008

3,236,814 2,804,881 2,221,187 2,149,773 2,271,044 1,976,748 2,022,602

300,000
200,000
100,000
0
S. KOREA

JAPAN

TURKEY

USA

INDIA

MEXICO

CHINA

Morocco

S. AFRICA SWITZERLAND

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

The US is the EUs most valuable export market

Main destinations of EU passenger car exports in value, in m | 2013

World

Source: Eurostat | 2013

United States

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

%chg13/12 %sharein2013

69,751 68,453 47,714 75,767 93,171 107,751

111,560 3.5%
100.0%
24,748

20,520

12,768

19,128

19,482

24,939

27,834

11.6%

24.9%

China

3,344

4,608

5,475

12,182

17,335

19,296

19,698

2.1%

17.7%

Russia

6,627

8,758

2,563

4,063

7,016

8,744

7,071

-19.1%

6.3%

Japan

4,115

3,249

2,713

3,843

5,089

6,304

6,390

1.4%

5.7%

Switzerland

4,318

4,360

3,935

5,219

6,646

6,832

6,210

-9.1%

5.6%

Turkey

2,834

2,806

2,067

4,255

5,229

4,884

6,006

23.0%

5.4%

Australia

2,097

2,186

1,613

2,758

3,177

3,497

3,636

4.0%

3.3%

974

911

805

1,682

1,955

2,497

3,129

25.3%

2.8%

Norway

2,694

2,180

1,854

2,699

3,016

3,174

3,039

-4.2%

2.7%

Canada

2,074

2,057

1,789

2,414

2,480

2,996

2,846

-5.0%

2.6%

South Korea

Passenger cars - destination of EU exports by value | 2013

8.4% EFTA
17.7% China
28.6% NAFTA
6.5% Others
1.7% Mercosur
0.1% India

Russia 6.3%

Trade

Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

6.5% Africa

Japan 5.7%
Turkey 5.4%

Middle East 5.2%

Australia 3.3%

South Korea 2.8%

ASEAN 1.8%

81

TRADE

16% of EU car exports set sail to the US

Main destinations of EU passenger car exports in units | 2013

2007

World

Source: Eurostat | 2013

United States

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

972,325

874,513

547,328

708,586

731,144

874,588

950,095

8.6%

16.1%

95,927

136,241

172,220

345,582

478,877

526,878

555,253

5.4%

9.4%

Turkey

225,508

223,334

170,457

339,561

388,001

357,131

487,134

36.4%

8.3%

Russia

528,678

670,382

176,595

291,164

470,880

565,987

442,025

-21.9%

7.5%

Switzerland

243,349

233,164

203,942

255,875

291,900

303,503

273,953

-9.7%

4.7%

Japan

190,864

145,006

114,650

148,083

175,242

206,714

245,364

18.7%

4.2%

Algeria

61,895

77,949

75,484

74,694

102,859

215,936

194,425

-10.0%

3.3%

Australia

107,470

109,740

84,157

123,250

141,396

150,429

165,846

10.2%

2.8%

Norway

151,956

122,103

110,027

147,473

153,693

145,260

136,836

-5.8%

2.3%

South Africa

102,828

65,611

62,834

93,145

123,355

116,179

129,605

11.6%

2.2%

Units

1.000,000
Source: based on Eurostat data | 2013

2.2% 100.0%

China

Destination of EU passenger car exports in units | 2013

82

% chg 13/12 % share in 2013

4,644,439 4,712,598 3,339,191 4,197,131 5,111,768 5,764,041 5,888,736

800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
USA

CHINA

TURKEY

Russia Switzerland

JAPAN

Algeria

Australia

Norway

S. AFRICA

Taxation

Taxation

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

CO2 taxation is gaining ground in the EU

CO2 taxation is now well established across the

European Union. 20 EU member states currently
apply some form of CO2 tax to the registration and/
or ownership of passenger cars, up from 17 in 2010.
The 20 EU countries that levy passenger car taxes
partially or totally based on the cars CO2 emissions
and/or fuel consumption are: Austria, Belgium, Croatia,
Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the
United Kingdom.

For more information, visit www.acea.be

Taxation

The European automobile industry welcomes this

trend towards CO2-related car taxation. However, it
regrets the lack of uniformity in the implementation of
these taxes. European auto makers therefore support
taxation for passenger cars that is:
exclusively based on CO2 emissions;
technologically neutral;
linear; and
budget neutral.
Source: ACEA Tax Guide | 2014

85

Ta x a t i o n

Tax incentives help shape demand for electric vehicles

Incentives for electrically-chargeable vehicles are now

applied in all western European countries. The incentives mainly consist of tax reductions and exemptions,
as in countries such as Austria, Germany and the
Netherlands, and bonus payments and premiums for
the buyers of electric vehicles in France, Luxembourg
and the UK.
The European car industry supports the further introduction of fiscal incentives for fuel efficiency. Tax
measures are an important tool in shaping consumer
demand towards fuel-efficient cars and help create a
market for breakthrough technologies, notably during
the introduction phase.
Innovations generally first enter the market in low
volumes and at a significant cost premium, and this
needs to be offset by a positive policy framework.
Electric mobility will make an important contribution
towards ensuring sustainable mobility. However, advanced conventional technologies, engines and fuels
will play a predominant role for years to come. Governments must continue to include these CO2-efficient
technologies and solutions in their overall sustainable
mobility policy approach.
For more information, visit www.acea.be

86

Source: ACEA Tax Guide | 2014

the automobile industry pocket guide 20142015

Motor vehicles are a vital source of government revenue

Fiscal income from motor vehicles in the EU*

AT BE DK DE ES FI FR GR IE IT NL PT SE UK

bn
bn DKK bn
bn
bn
bn
bn
bn
bn
bn
bn
bn SEK bn
bn
2012 2012 2011 2012 2012 2011 2012 2013 2013 2012 2012 2013 2012 2012

Purchase or transfer
1. VAT on vehicle sales
servicing/repair, parts, tyres

2.510

6.060

3.600

1.310 13.817

0.156

0.363 14.800

1.311

2. Fuels and lubricants

5.471

7.534 16.970 39.304 17.868

3.742 35.609

3.774

2.665 38.620

7.670

2.254 48.000 26.700

3. Sales and registration taxes

0.507

0.408 13.800

Annual ownership taxes

1.773

1.512

0.007

Insurance taxes

0.310

Tolls

1.622

0.310

1.008

2.117

0.052

0.478

1.370

1.495

0.432

9.872

8.991

2.886

0.706

1.157

1.304

1.155

6.350

3.592

0.506 12.000

0.010

0.062

0.306

0.934

1.757

3.786

0.600

0.299

4.373

4.620

0.403

2.800

0.370

10.542

1.730

0.800

0.535

0.028

0.290

0.759

1.010

0.390

1.624

0.055

5.600

2.864

0.196

4.200

Customs duties

EURO

5.880

1.500

12.483 17.214 42.769 79.955 25.716 7.065 69.239 5.341 4.661 73.090 17.641 4.847 88.800 46.580
12.5 17.2 5.7 80.0 25.7 7.1 69.2 5.3 4.7 73.1 17.6 4.8 10.0 55.8

GRAND TOTAL = 388.8bn

* No data available for other EU member states.

Taxation

Source: ACEA | 2014

TOTAL

1.431 21.000 12.500

Driving license fees

Other taxes

N.A. 26.319

87

Ta x a t i o n

Source: ACEA | 2014

Share of VAT in net price of cars

Hungary

Denmark

Sweden

Romania

Finland

Greece

Ireland

Poland

Portugal

27%
25%
24%

22%

Italy

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Estonia

Latvia

Slovakia

Lithuania

Slovenia
UK

21%

20%

Netherlands

Spain

France

Germany

Cyprus

Malta

18%

Luxembourg

15%

23%

19.6%
19%

Source: European Commission | 2014

Excise duties on fuels in /1,000 litres

88

AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK

EU minimum rates

Unleaded petrol 515 628 363 479 501 423 456 650 607 670 454 416 587 728 434 465 434 411 509 759 395 586 383 656 549 551 674

359

Diesel

330

425 443 330 450 427 393 331 470 428 330 349 383 479 617 330 338 330 333 422 478 345 369 352 609 442 386 674

eu28

AT Austria

MT Malta

BE Belgium

NL Netherlands

BG Bulgaria

PL Poland

CY Cyprus

PT Portugal

CZ Czech Republic

RO Romania

DE Germany

SE Sweden

DK Denmark

SI Slovenia

EE Estonia

SK Slovakia

ES Spain

UK United Kingdom

FI Finland

FR France

GR Greece

OTHERS

HR Croatia

CH Switzerland

HU Hungary

IS Iceland

IE Ireland

NO Norway

IT Italy

RS Serbia

LT Lithuania

RU Russia

LU Luxembourg

TR Turkey

LV Latvia

UA Ukraine

Europe EU27+EFTA
EFTA Iceland+Norway+Switzerland
NAFTA USA+Canada+Mexico
BRIC Brazil+Russia+India+China

Cars

PC Passenger cars

SUV Sport utility vehicles

MPV Multi-purpose vehicles

Vans

LCV Light commercial vehicles+minibus/coaches 3.5t

Trucks

MCV Medium commercial vehicles >3.5t but 16t

HCV Heavy commercial vehicles >16t
CV MCV + HCV

Buses + Coaches

B&C Buses >3.5t

Motor Vehicles

MV Cars+vans+trucks+buses & coaches

Mercosur Argentina+Brazil+Paraguay+Uruguay
ASEAN Brunei+Cambodia+Indonesia+Laos

+Malaysia+Myanmar+Philippines
+Singapore+Thailand+Vietnam

AAA Auxiliary Automobile Association

VDA German Association of the Automotive

Industry

OICA International Organization
of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers

PM
CO

particulate matter
carbon monoxide

NOx nitrogen oxides

CO2 carbon dioxide

m million
bn billion
g gramme
t tonne
tkm tonne-kilometre
pkm passenger-kilometre
GCW gross combined weight GDP gross domestic
product

Avenue des Nerviens 85

B1040 Brussels
T.

+32 2 732 55 50

[email protected]
@ACEA_eu

www.acea.be