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TNO report
www.tno.nl
TC-RAP-06-27192/
EN 12543-4 Glass in building - Laminated safety
glass
Durability test on laminated safety glass 4.1.4 with
UV-H film
Date
November 13, 2006
Author(s)
J. van der Zwan, B.Sc.
Assignor
SoaSA Technology International Ltd.
Unit E, 19/F. 2nd Wuhan Building
Jiahe Road,
Xiamen,, Fujian,
China 361012
Project number
033. 12242.01.01
Number of pages
Number of appendices
14 (incl. appendices)
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2006 TNO
T +31 40 265 00 00
F +31 40 265 03 01
[email protected]
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SoaSA Technology International Ltd.
Contents
1
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Product Testing .............................................................................................................. 4
Producer of the samples................................................................................................... 4
Product description .......................................................................................................... 4
Normative references....................................................................................................... 4
Testing procedures........................................................................................................... 5
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
Results........................................................................................................................... 10
High temperature test..................................................................................................... 10
Humidity test ................................................................................................................. 11
Radiation test ................................................................................................................. 12
Signature....................................................................................................................... 13
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Introduction
SoaSA Technology International Ltd. has commissioned TNO Science and Industry,
BU Testing and Consultancy to establish the durability of the laminated glass system
laminated safety glass 4.1.4 with UV-H film according to EN 12543:1998.
If any deviation of applied materials/process/machines is encountered (and a so-called
major change), re-type testing or additional tests may be required. This decision and
responsibility belongs to the manufacturer. The product description is the lead for
determining the window of these rules.
The following paragraphs describe the tests, the results and the conclusions.
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Product Testing
2.1
Producer of the samples
SoaSA Technology International Ltd.
Unit E, 19/F. 2nd Wuhan Building
Jiahe Road,
Xiamen,, Fujian,
China 361012
2.2
Product description
4 samples of the following description were delivered for testing in May 2006:
Laminated safety glass, one 1 mm UV-H film between 2 sheets of 4 mm float glass.
Dimensions of the samples: 100 x 300 x 8.7 mm.
Test specimens should be representative of standard production. Test specimens should
either be specially manufactured to the test size or be cut from larger panes. Test
specimen with cut edges should contain at least one edge from the original pane from
which it was cut. If the final product has all its edges sealed/protected then the test
specimen should also have all its edges sealed/protected.
The method of supporting the test specimen shall not cover two edges of the test
specimen. If the test specimen is cut from a larger pane at least one original edge was
covered.
The samples were identified and visually inspected prior to the test at a distance
between 30 cm and 50 cm in front of a white diffuse background. Only samples free of
faults (bubbles, delamination, cloudiness) were used for the test.
2.3
Normative references
The EN12543-4 Standard specifies test methods in respect of resistance to high
temperature, humidity and radiation for laminated glass and laminated safety glass for
use in building.
This European Standard EN12543-4 incorporates by dated or undated references,
provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies;
EN 410
Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics
of glazing
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2.4
Testing procedures
2.4.1
General
Testing the durability of laminated glass can devided into two main groups with each
two subgroups.
Laminated safety glass (EN12543-2):
Durability of laminated safety glass and laminated safety glass with fire resistant
properties
High temperature test
Humidity test 5.3.1 (exposed direct to solar radiation)
Radiation test
Durability of fire resistant laminated safety glass
Subgroup A:
Humidity test 5.3.2 (not exposed to direct solar radiation)
Subgroup B:
Humidity test 5.3.1 (exposed direct to solar radiation)
Radiation test
Laminated glass (EN12543-3):
Durability of laminated glass and laminated glass with fire resistant properties
High temperature test
Humidity test 5.3.1 (exposed direct to solar radiation)
Radiation test
Durability of fire resistant laminated glass
Subgroup A:
Humidity test 5.3.2 (not exposed to direct solar radiation)
Subgroup B:
Humidity test 5.3.1 (exposed direct to solar radiation)
Radiation test
2.4.2
High temperature test
2.4.2.1
Principle
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the laminated glass and laminated
safety glass will withstand exposure to high temperatures over an extended period of
time without its properties becoming substantially altered. The change in properties is
judged by the occurrence of bubbles, delamination and cloudiness (not discolouration).
2.4.2.2
Size and number of test specimens
The test specimens were not smaller than 300 mm x 100 mm.
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2.4.2.3
Procedure
The three test specimens were heated to a temperature of 100 0 C and maintained this
-3
Temperature for a period of 2 h, then the test specimens were allowed to cool to room
temperature. Since the test specimens had both external surfaces of glass the test was
carried out by immersing the test specimens vertically in water heated up to 100 0 C
-3
To avoid extreme thermal stresses leading to crack formation the specimens was heated
up in two steps by first immersing it into a water bath of about 60C for 5 min.
2.4.2.4
Expression of results
The samples were inspected at a distance between 30 cm and 50 cm in front of a white
diffuse background. The number and extent of the faults occurring in the interlayer
(bubbles, delamination, cloudiness, not discolouration) were recorded for each test
specimen. All faults within 15 mm from an original edge and 25 mm from a cut edge
were ignored (if any).
Delamination taken as a criterion for evaluation after the high temperature and the
humidity test, are defined as essentially two dimensional phenomena, in the interfaces
between the glass-interlayer and interlayer-interlayer, in which area no adhesion exists.
Results will be interpretted as the following:
Laminated safety glass in accordance with clause 4.1 of EN ISO 12543-2
Laminated glass in accordance with clause 4.1 of EN ISO 12543-3
2.4.3
Humidity test
2.4.3.1
Principle
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the laminated glass and laminated
safety glass will withstand the effects of humidity in the atmosphere over an extended
period of time without its properties becoming substantially altered. The effects of the
humidity to be judged are bubbles, delamination and cloudiness (not discolouration).
2.4.3.2
Size and number of test specimens
The test specimens were not smaller than 300 mm x 100 mm.
There were three test specimens prepared by cutting from the delivered samples.
2.4.3.3
Procedure
Option A, Test with condensation (par. 5.3.1 EN ISO 12543-4)
Three test specimens were kept vertically for two weeks over water in a closed
container. Maintain the temperature of the air in the container within the limits of
50 +2 C
0
Adequate spacing between the test specimens was provided.
Results will be interpretted as the following:
Laminated safety glass in accordance with clause 4.1 of EN ISO 12543-2
Laminated glass in accordance with clause 4.1 of EN ISO 12543-3
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Option B, Test without condensation (par. 5.3.2 EN ISO 12534-4)
Put the three test specimen vertically for two weeks into a climate chamber and keep up
the temperature within the limits of 50 +2 C and the relative humidity within the limits
0
80 5%. Adequate spacing between the test specimens was provided.
Results will be interpretted as the following:
Laminated safety glass in accordance with clause 5 of EN ISO 12543-2
Laminated glass in accordance with clause 5of EN ISO 12543-3
2.4.3.4
Expression of results
The samples were inspected at a distance between 30 cm and 50 cm in front of a white
diffuse background. The number and extend of the faults occurring in the interlayer
(bubbles, delamination, cloudiness, not discolouration) were recorded (if any) for each
test specimen. All faults within 15 mm for an original edge, 25 mm from a cut edge or
10 mm from any crack were not taken into account (if any). Individual bubbles in the
immediate vicinity of inlaid wires are permissible. In the case of fire resistant laminated
glass and fire resistant laminated safety glass only delamination were considered.
2.4.4
Radiation test
2.4.4.1
Principle
The purpose of this test is to determine whether exposure of laminated glass or
laminated safety glass to radiation over an extended period of time produces any
appreciable change in its properties. The change in its properties is judged by a change
in luminous transmittance and the occurrence of bubbles, delamination and cloudiness
(not discolouration).
2.4.4.2
Exposure procedure to simulated solar radiation
A radiation source which emits a spectrum similar to solar radiation was used. Such a
spectral distribution can be obtained by lamps which consist of a combination of a high
pressure mercury vapour lamp with an incandescent tungsten filament. To obtain
reproducible and comparable test results suitable lamps were used showing the
following spectral characteristics by default:
UVB
(280 nm to 315 nm)
3% 1%
UVA
(315 nm to 380 nm)
8% 1%
Visible range (380 nm to 780 nm)
18% 1%
IRA
(780 nm to 1400 nm)
24% 2%
IRB
(1400 nm to 2600 nm)
27% 4%
IRC
(> 2600 nm)
20% 3%
2.4.4.3
Test conditions
The exposure time for the radiation test was 2000 h. The temperature of the test
specimen was maintained at 45C 5C. The lamps were replaced when their
irradiance level in the UVA decreases by more than 50%. The total irradiance level in
the plane of the test samples was 900 W/m 100 W/m.
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2.4.4.4
Arrangement of test apparatus
The test samples were mounted vertically in front of the radiation array. The radiation
array consists of lamps uniformly separated to give the optimum radiation density in the
plane of the test specimens. The minimum distance between the array of the test
specimens and the bottom of the test room was 400 mm and the air space behind the
array was at least 500 mm (to obtain undisturbed free natural convection upwards). In
order to obtain a sufficiently uniform irradiance level the area covered by the test
specimens did not exceed the area of the lamp array A given by the relation A = n x l12
where n = number of lamps and l1 = distance between the axes of neighbouring lamps.
As radiation sources OSRAM lamps type Ultra-Vitalux 300 W were used. 16 lamps
were arranged in a square of 4 x 4 lamps with a distance of l1 = 250 mm between the
lamps forming a radiation field of 1 m x 1 m. The lamp array was framed by an
stainless steel sides width l3 = 1000 mm with a specular reflective surface. The distance
between these sides and the outer row of lamps on each side is l4 = 125 mm. The angle
between the plane of the radiation field and the aluminium foil is 100. The test
samples are placed in a parallel plane facing the lamp array at a distance of l2 = 1100
mm forming an area of 1 m x 1 m (see figure 1).
1 lamps
2 aluminium foil
3 test specimens vertically mounted
Figure 1: Arrangement for the radiation test
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1 lamps
2 aluminium foil
3 plane of test specimens
Figure 2: Arrangement for the radiation test (cross sectional view)
2.4.4.5
Size and number of test specimens
The size of the test specimens were 350 mm x 190 mm.
2.4.4.6
Procedure
When needed according to 6.5, the luminous transmittance was determined of the three
test specimens before exposure according to EN 410.
The test specimens were orientated so that, if there is a designated outer surface, it faces
the lamp array. Asymmetric laminated glass, which does not have a specific designated
outer surface, should be tested both ways round. After exposure, the luminous
transmittance of each test specimen was measured once again according to EN 410.
2.4.4.7
Expression of results
The samples were inspected at a distance between 30 cm and 50 cm in front of a white
diffuse background. The number and extent of delamination occurring in the
interlayer for each test specimen was reported (if any). All delamination within 15 mm
from an original edge or 25 mm from a cut edge are not taken into account.
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Results
3.1
High temperature test
Type of glass: Laminated safety glass
Structure of the glass: (nominal thickness of the individual constituents (mm))
Sample Code
Type of test
Fire
resistant
laminated
safety glass
Indoor /
y/n
outdoor use? Dimensions
UV H 3
High Temperature
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
UV H 5
High Temperature
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
UV H 7
High Temperature
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
Nominal
thickness
Sample characteristics:
Sample Code
Type of test
Cut or on
size
production
Edge type
Supported
Edge
edge marked
protection
y/n
UV H 3
High Temperature
arrissed
UV H 5
High Temperature
arrissed
UV H 7
High Temperature
arrissed
For each test specimen the number and size of the bubbles, delamination and
cloudiness occurring (not discolouration):
Results
Sample Code
Results
Bubbles
y/n
Size of
bubbles
Delamination Cloudiness
y/n
y/n
UV H 3
High Temperature
UV H 5
High Temperature
UV H 7
High Temperature
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3.2
Humidity test
Type of glass: Laminated glass or Laminated safety glass
Structure of the glass: (nominal thickness of the individual constituents (mm))
Test Procedure: Test with condensation (5.3.1) or Test without condensation (5.3.2)
Sample Code
Type of test
Fire
resistant
laminated
Indoor /
safety glass
y/n
outdoor use? Dimensions
UV H 2
5.3.2
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
UV H 4
5.3.2
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
UV H 8
5.3.2
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
Nominal
thickness
Sample characteristics:
Sample Code
Cut or on size
production
Edge type
Edge
protection
Supported edge marked
y/n
UV H 2
arrissed
UV H 4
arrissed
UV H 8
arrissed
For each test specimen the number and size of the bubbles, delamination and
cloudiness occurring (not discolouration): Note: In the case of fire resistant laminated
safety glass and fire resistant laminated glass only (if any) delamination was given.
Results
Sample Code
Bubbles y/n
Size of
bubbles
Delamination
y/n
Cloudiness y/n
UV H 2
UV H 4
UV H 8
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3.3
Radiation test
Type and structure of the laminated glass or laminated safety glass, with nominal
thickness of the individual constituents in millimetres
Sample Code
Type of test
Fire
resistant
laminated
safety glass
Indoor /
y/n
outdoor use? Dimensions
UV H 1
Ultravitalux
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
UV H 6
Ultravitalux
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
UV H 9
Ultravitalux
outdoor
100 x 300
4.1.4
Nominal
thickness
asymmetrical
y/n
Type of test specimens including cut or special manufacture; type of edge; edge
protection, face to radiation source;
Sample Code
Type of test
Cut or on
size
production
Edge type
Edge
protection
Supported
edge
marked y/n
side facing
radiation
source
UV H 1
Ultravitalux
on size
arrissed
UV H 6
Ultravitalux
on size
arrissed
UV H 9
Ultravitalux
on size
arrissed
For products with initial light transmittance > 20 %: for each test specimen the
percentage difference in the light transmittance before and after radiation; for products
with initial light transmittance < 20 %: for each test specimen the actual difference in
light transmittance before and after radiation; In the case of fire resistant laminated
glass and fire resistant laminated safety glass this difference has not to be given.
Also the presence of delamination is given (if any);
Sample Code
Type of test
initial LT
> 20%?y/n
LT after
exposure
delamination
y/n
Report
value
UV H 1
Ultravitalux
0.866
0.848
0.018
UV H 6
Ultravitalux
0.866
0.849
0.017
UV H 9
Ultravitalux
0.868
0.846
0.022
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Signature
Eindhoven, November 2006
TNO Science and Industry
Business Unit Testing & Consultancy
J. van der Zwan B.Sc
Author
K.K. Pahnke, M.Sc.
Head of Department
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