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Ib-Chp2e - Rounding Numbers Notes

This document discusses rounding and significant figures in mathematics. It provides examples of rounding numbers to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, and decimals. The key rules for rounding are to round down if the digit after the one being rounded off is less than 5, and round up if it is 5 or more. It also discusses significant figures and how to round numbers to a specified number of significant figures by looking at the digit in the place being rounded and rounding up or retaining based on whether it is 4 or less, or 5 or more.

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507 views2 pages

Ib-Chp2e - Rounding Numbers Notes

This document discusses rounding and significant figures in mathematics. It provides examples of rounding numbers to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, and decimals. The key rules for rounding are to round down if the digit after the one being rounded off is less than 5, and round up if it is 5 or more. It also discusses significant figures and how to round numbers to a specified number of significant figures by looking at the digit in the place being rounded and rounding up or retaining based on whether it is 4 or less, or 5 or more.

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IB Math Studies I

Why do we round?

Chapter 2E - Rounding
[notes]
To give reasonable value for specific occasions.

Population: 71 158 647 71 million


Grades: 83.357% 83%
Measurement: 24.5321 cm 24.5 cm

Rounding Off Rules

If the digit after the one being rounded off is less than 5 round down

If the digit after the one being rounded off is 5 or more round up
Round off to nearest 10

Round off to nearest 100

Round off to nearest 1000

3.14

87

701

18

320

5 197

123

681

12 199

1 506

2 681

45 621

Rounding Decimals

Reminder: If you cannot round up, number is retained.


one decimal place

two decimal places

three decimal places

3.14

8.234

70.0122

12.456

3.617

3.1415

Chapter 2E - Rounding
[notes]

IB Math Studies I

What are significant figures? The number of digits counted from left to right (s.f.)
( 3 s.f. )

( 4 s.f. )

3.14

2.013

.00123

.0001234

Default in IB unless
told different

Significant figure rounding

To round off to n (s.f.). we look at the ( n + 1 )th digit.


If it is 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , or 4 retain nth digit.
If it is 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , or 9 we increase the nth digit by 1.
We delete all digits after the nth digit, replace by 0s if necessary.
Write correct to n significant figures
2 s.f.

3.14

870.4

189

4.001

.00315

6.0081

Calculating with significant figures

3 s.f.

Use your calculator to evaluate, correct to 3 s.f.


( 8.2 x 107 ) x ( 1.5 x 10-4 )

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