MikroTik User Meeting Myanmar 2015
Presenter : Phyo Phyo Hein
i-BEAM ICT Solutions and Network Training Center
I am Phyo Phyo Hein
B.C. Tech (Hons), MTCNA, MTCRE, CCNA, CCNP (R &
S), CCIE (R&S) Written, JNCIA
Working Experience
Training Manager and Trainer in i-BEAM ICT Solutions
since 2008 to Present
Network Consultant (NCS Co., Ltd, SPore) (2010-11)
Network Engineer (Nera Telecommunication) ( 20112012)
Senior Network Engineer/DY Dept Head (Yatanarpon
Teleport, Myanmar in 2012 to 2014)
ISP/Enterprise Solutions Manager (Kinetic Myanmar
Technology) ( 2014- 2015)
Areas of Interest and Expertise
Routing and Switching (BGP, OSPF, MPLS, IPv4, IPv6..etc)
, ISP Network Designing and Operations
Initially found in year 2003, renovated in 2015.
One of the very first ICT Training Centers in Myanmar
Basically we are doing:
MikroTik Certification Training
MTCNA, MTCRE, MTCWE, MTCTCE, MTCUME, MTCINE
MikroTik Products and Solutions
Cisco Certification Training
CCNA, CCNP, CCIE, CCDA, CCDP, CCDEetc.
Linux and Network Fundamentals Training
IT/Network Consultation
ISP Billing Solution
ISP Design & Operations
Packet
Forwarding from a Source Network to
a destination network through the
Intermediate Systems which are defined as
Routers.
Use Routed Protocols ( IPv4/IPv6) for routing
in Routing Tables.
There are two kinds of Routing Static Routing
and Dynamic Routing.
To
break the broadcast domains
Fault Domain L2 Broadcast Domains
To increase the network security
To simplifies the network management
To reduce the network traffic..etc
Without router, It is impossible to have
INTERNET ( Biggest WAN ) of the world.
Destination
Network the targeted network
where the packets want to go.
Gateway the ip address which will be
passed through to the destination network. It
should be same subnet with source network
and It must be REACHABLE.
Administrative distance Trust Worthiness of
a route to install best route in the routing
table.
Scope & Target Scope: Recursive next hop
lookup for gateway which is not directly
connected.
Routing Protocol
Administrative Distance
Connected
Static
RIPv1,v2
90
OSPF
110
IBGP
200
EBGP
20
Lowest AD is the Best (1-255). 255 is the worst. The route with
AD 255 will not be used in RIB.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Gateway Interface must be up and
Reachable.
The Longest Prefix
The Lowest Administrative
The Lowest Metric
Static Routing
Dynamic Routing
Administrator Manually specify
the route to reach the
destination network thorough a
specific gateway.
The best path are selected
automatically by advertising
network information to each
directly connected neighbors by
using routing protocols
Can choose the fail-over route by Can automatically choose the
adjusting administrative distance alternative best path if the
of the static route.
selected best path is failed. Fail
over route automatically
happened.
Not suitable In Larger Network
and More administrative effort
Simplifies to do the configuration
Should use in single home
network or low bandwidth WAN
Links
Should use in Enterprise/ISP
Large Network.
D
A
C
- Dynamic
- Active
- Connected
/ip route
add dst-address= 192.168.89.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.2
.1/30
.2/30
Wlan 1
192.168.89.0/24
Wlan 1
192.168.88.0/24
192.168.10.0/30
/ip route
add dst-address=192.168.88.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.1
A route is a record for the router to refer about which are the
possible ways to reach a particular network.
RIB is a table in router, which contains list of routes to certain
destination networks.
All routes resulting from dynamic routing protocol calculation.
Networks belong to active connected interfaces.
Static routes that manually configured by administrator.
RIB also contains information about the metric (distance, cost,
hop countetc.) of every route.
Route filtering or redistribution are performed on RIB.
A Active
S - Static
Source protocol
C = Connected
b = BGP
o = OSPF
r = RIP
For example: DAC= Dynamic, Active,
Connected AS= Active, StaticDAb=
Dynamic, Active, BGP
A Active
S - Static
Classless Routing Protocol
Runs over IP Protocol ID 89
OSPFv2 for RFC2328 (IPv4) and OSPFv3 in
RFC5340 (IPv6)
Link State Routing Protocol Build own LSDB and
Updates changes in Topology only by using Link
State Advertisement Packets
Open Standard Dynamic Routing Protocol No
Vendor Specific like EIGRP ( Cisco Proprietary)
Use SPF Algorithm to compute the best path in
Routing Table.
Hierarchical Network Design by Areas
ABR Area Border Router
IR Internal Router ( Single Area)
ASBR Autonomous System Boundary Router
IR
IR
IR
All other areas must connected to
Backbone area directly or via
Virtual Links.
Faster
Calculation of Best Path
Easier to manage
Network Scalability
Reduce the routing traffic
There
are three basic elements of OSPF
configuration:
Enable OSPF instance
OSPF area configuration
OSPF network configuration
[admin@MikroTikR1] /routing ospf instance> add name=default
[admin@MikroTikR1] > ip address
add address=10.255.255.1/32
interface=loopback
[admin@MikroTikR1] > ip address
add address=10.255.255.1/32
interface=loopback
Loopback0 here is the bridge
interface.
Router
ID must be unique.
Lowest IP address will be automatically
chosen as Router ID
Lowest Logical Bridge interface
Lowest Active Physical Interface
[admin@MikroTikR1] /routing ospf network> add network=192.168.10.0 area=backbone
[admin@MikroTikR1] /routing ospf network> add network=192.168.89.0/30 area=backbone
Neighbor Discovery Hello Packets in Ethernet ( Broadcast MultiAccess)
Multicast
OSPF Network Point to Point Unicast Packets
Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection (BFD) is basically
a hello protocol to check
bidirectional neighbor
reachability.
It provides sub-second link
failure detection support.
BFD use UDP, DST port
3784, SRC port 4915265535.
BFP need to enable both
sides
OSPF
Neighbor Table
Adjacency must be formed
Down, init (Hello Packets not seen each other)
Two-Way ( bidirectional communicated by seeing
hellos each other)
Exstart, Exchange, Loading, Full ( DBD Exchange,
Full Full Adjacency has been formed)
LSDB
( Link State Database Table) ( All Link
States and Different LSA from ABR and IR are
in LSDB)
Routing Information Base ( Shortest Path are
selected by Dijkstra and Installed in RIB)
Redistribute Connected
Redistribute Static
Redistribute RIP
Redistribute BGP
as type 2 external cost only
as type 1 external cost + internal
cost
OSPF Filtering can be
done for external networks only.
Ospf-in for all incoming routing updates.
Ospf-out for all outgoing routing updates.
Broadcast
( Ethernet) DR/BDR Election
Required
Point to Point No DR/BDR Election
Non-Broadcast Multi-Access
Point to Multipoint
( Routing OSPF Interface Network Type)
Broadcast, nbma, point to point, ptmp
Largest
Priority is the DR
Lowest Router-ID is DR
BROADCAST Need DR/BDR
NBMA Need DR/BDR
Point to Point Does not require DR and BDR
PTMP Does not require DR and BDR
Two Authentication types
- Simple ( clear text)
- MD5
Must
be in same subnet
Hello Intervals and Dead Intervals must be
the same.
Must be in the same area.
Same MTU size on interface
Must not be passive interface
Same authentication key if authentication is
confiured
Router
LSA- Type 1
Network LSA Type 2
Summary LSA Type 3,4
External LSA Type 5
NSSA Type 7
Same as Cisco
MikroTik
Stub Area is slightly different from
Cisco OSPF default Stub Area.
MikroTik Default Normal Stub Area is similar
to Cisco Totally Stub Area.
The Stub Area allows default route only and
it does not allow summary routes ( LSA 3).
Thank You~
