Android Operating System
Yogita Pathak
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Contents
Mobile OS
Android History
Android Versions
Models
Architecture
Challenges
Merits and Demerits
Market Share
Opportunities
References
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Mobile Operating System
A mobile operating system (OS) is a software that allows smart phones, tablet
PCs and other devices to run applications and programs.
Examples
Symbian OS
BlackBerry OS
Apples iOS
Windows Phone OS
Android OS
History
The Android was built upon the open Linux kernel, and developed by
Android, Inc., which is owned by Google.
Open Handset Alliance - to develop open standards for mobile devices
Variety of Android
Phone
HTC G1,
Droid,
Tattoo
Suno S880
Motorola Droid (X)
Samsung Galaxy
Sony Ericsson
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Tablets
Velocity Micro Cruz
Dawa D7
Gome FlyTouch
Toshiba Android
SmartBook
Acer beTouch
Cisco Android Tablet
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Architecture
Applications
Android provides a set of core applications:
Email
SMS Program
Calendar
Maps
Browser
Contacts
Etc
All applications are written using the Java language.
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Common file structure for Apps
code
files
Autogenerated
resource list
images
UI layouts
constants
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GUI
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Application Framework
Enabling and simplifying the reuse of components
Developers have full access to the same framework APIs
used by the core applications.
Users are allowed to replace components.
Each application can publish its capabilities which other
apps can use
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Libraries
Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of
the Android system
Exposed to developers through the Android application
framework
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Runtime
Core Libraries
Providing most of the functionality available in the core
libraries of the Java language
APIs
Data Structures
Utilities
File Access
Network Access
Graphics etc.
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Runtime
Software Development kit (Dalvik Virtual Machine )
Providing environment on which every Android
application runs
Each Android application runs in its own process, with
its own instance of the Dalvik VM.
Dalvik has been written such that a device can run
multiple VMs efficiently.
.dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.
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Linux Kernel
Relying on Linux Kernel for core system services
Memory and Process Management
Network Stack
Driver Model
Security
Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest
of the S/W stack
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Challenges
CPU typically runs 500-600 Mhz
RAM available to an App may only be a few megabytes
Disk (flash) access is very slow
Lifecycle - apps must pause/quit often, and restore to give the
illusion that they are always running
UI design
typical screen may be HVGA (320x480)
may be in portrait or landscape
very high DPI - small text may not be readable
touch resolution is very low (~25 pixel)
Network access may be slow and (very) intermittent
@2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu
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Merits
Highly customizable
Services can run in the background
Notifications let you know of background events
Multitasking
Widget
Can install a modified ROM
Easy access to thousands of applications via the Google
Android Android App Market
Google Maniac
Demerits
Advertising
Continuous Internet connection
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MarketShare
Feb10
May10
Apr11
RIM
42.1%
41.7%
29%
Apple
25.4%
24.4%
25%
Google
9%
13%
33%
Microsoft
15.1%
13.2%
7.7%
Palm
5.4%
4.8%
2.9%
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Opportunities
Moving towards Home Appliances
@2011 Mihail L. Sichitiu
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References
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-are-the-different-types-of-mobilephone-operating-systems.htm
http://developer.android.com/training/index.html
http://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-tips.html
http://android-developers.blogspot.in/
http://www.anddev.org
http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/
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Queries
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Thanks
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