Alpha Field
---------Reservoir Data
Etienne MOREAU
Outline
Data Review
Rock Properties
Fluids' Properties
Reservoir Pressure
Data Analysis
Well Testing
Water Oil Displacement
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Data Review
Rock Properties
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Rock Properties
Permeability (Core / Test)
Air permeabilities measured on clean cores and compared with well tests
Kh test / kh core ratio (average 0.7 in hydrocarbon zone)
Permeability decrease below OWC
Capillary pressure
Initial Sw similar in majority of Ness & Tarbert ~22%
But higher in Ness close to OWC ~30%
Wettability
Capillary tests on preserved and unpreserved cores
Water wet in aquifer and mixed wettability at top of reservoir
Relative permeabilities
SCAL on small plugs to determine Sorw but scatter in measurements
Not fixed for field life : further analysis can be required after start up based
on saturation logging, matching of field performance.
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Rock Properties: Core Permeability
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Rock Properties: Capillary Tests
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Rock Properties: Relative Permeability
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Rock Properties: Work To Do
Core Permeability (Core / Test)
Is K.H. core calculated over total or net reservoir thickness?
Can you explain why the ratio K.H core / K.H test is not equal to 1?
Capillary pressure & wettability
Can you calculate irreducible water saturation in Tarbert & Ness?
How varies maximum capillary pressure with wettability?
Why maximum capillary pressure in Ness is higher than in Tarbert?
Relative permeabilities
10
How varies the curves when the flow rate varies
How varies these curves when the oil viscosity varies
How varies maximum water rel. perm with wettability?
Why maximum water rel perm in Ness is lower than in Tarbert?
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Data Review
Fluids' Properties
11
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: Fluids' Properties
Hydrocarbon properties
Lab measurements
Constant Composition Expansion
Constant Volume Depletion
Composition
PVT properties
Saturation pressure
Black oil functions for oil and gas
Water analysis
Compatibility study with injection water (scaling risk)
Salinity
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: Lab measurements
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: Lab measurements
Initial conditions
Reservoir pressure
Reservoir temperature
Pi = 451 bar @ 3200 m TVSss
Tr = 112 C
Oil & Gas properties
Saturation pressure
Solution GOR
Gas density @ surface
Oil density @ surface
Oil Bo @ Pi
Oil Bo @ 340 b
Oil Bo @ Pb
Oil viscosity @ Pi
Oil viscosity @ 340 b
Oil viscosity @ Pb
Pb
Rsi
rgs
ros
Boi
Bo
Bob
moi
mo
mob
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
270.1 barg @ 112C
170 m3/m3
1 kg/m3
836 kg/m3
1.637 vol / vol
1.676 vol / vol
1.711 vol / vol
0.40 cp
0.35 cp
0.31 cp
Water properties
Water viscosity @ 112C
Water viscosity @ 50C
Water compressibility
14
Alpha Field
mw = 0.27cp
mw* = 0.58 cp
cw = 0.5 10-4 bar-1
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: Fluid Composition
15
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: PVT functions (Oil)
16
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: PVT functions (Gas)
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Fluids' Properties: Work To Do
Lab measurements
What is the measured saturation pressure?
Can you calculate oil density at initial pressure, 340 bars and saturation
pressure?
At which pressure oil density is minimum?
Can you calculate oil average compressibility between initial pressure and
saturation pressure?
PVT functions
18
At which pressure oil volume factor is maximum?
Why solution gas ratio constant above 270 bars?
What is the relationship between gas Z factor and gas volume factor?
Can you check this relationship at saturation pressure?
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Data Review
Reservoir Pressure
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Reservoir Pressure: RFT data
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Reservoir Pressure: Well Testing
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Reservoir Pressure: Work To Do
RFT Pressure ( Initial Pressure versus depth)
Can you compare free water levels & oil density on wells 3/9a-2 and 3/9a-4?
Can you derive initial pressure at datum (3200 m TVDss) on wells 3/9a-2
and 3/9a-4?
Can you draw some conclusions regarding possible reservoir
compartmentalisation?
Well Test
Can you derive bottom hole flowing pressure and initial reservoir
pressure?
Is initial reservoir pressure compatible with RFT measurements?
Can you calculate the well productivity index associated to the test?
Can you anticipate any influence of well flow rate on well productivity
index?
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Data Analysis
Well Testing
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Main Data
24
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Unit Systems
25
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Unit Systems
26
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Log Log Analysis
27
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Semi Log Analysis
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Skin Calculation
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Investigation Radius
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Partial Penetration Effect
Sg
1 - Re re
Ln
0.75
Re rw
Exploration
well
H, total thickness (m)
h, perforated interval (m)
h/H ratio
Re, Partial penetration
efficiency
Drainage radius (m)
Well radius (m)
Geometric skin
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Well Testing: Work To Do
Log log Analysis
Identify the duration of well bore storage
Identify the duration of well bore storage & skin effect
Identify the K.H. of the formation?
Can you identify a no flow boundary? Explain why?
Semi log Analysis
Identify the K.H. of the formation?
Identify the skin effect
Can you identify a no flow boundary? Explain why?
Productivity index calculations
Calculate the productivity index corresponding to skin of 60?
Calculate the productivity index corresponding to a zero skin?
Give your comments
32
Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Data Analysis
Water Oil Displacement
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Work to Do
Microscopic Displacement
Complete the following table
Calculate the displacement efficiency in Tarbert and Ness
Fluids Mobility
Calculate the mobility ratio in Tarbert and Ness corresponding to a
reservoir pressure of 450 bars and 340 bars
Give your comments
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
Work to Do
Fractional Flow
Give the expression of the three components of the fractional flow
(mobility term, gravity term, capillary term)
Front Saturation
Give the expression of the front saturation by taking into account the
mobility term
Calculate this saturation in Tarbert & Ness formations
What can be said about this saturation if the reservoir dip is taken into
account?
Give your comments
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Alpha Field
Reservoir Data
