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Culture can be defined in several ways, but generally refers to the customs, beliefs, and values that are learned and shared by members of a society. It includes both material elements like physical objects as well as non-material elements like language, beliefs, values, and norms. Culture is learned through social interaction, shared among members of a group, cumulative as it grows over time, and dynamic as it changes. It serves important functions like helping humans adapt to their environment, compensate for physical limitations, and regulate collective existence through prescribing behavioral patterns. Key cultural concepts include ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, subculture, and culture shock.

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37 views2 pages

Sample Reviewer

Culture can be defined in several ways, but generally refers to the customs, beliefs, and values that are learned and shared by members of a society. It includes both material elements like physical objects as well as non-material elements like language, beliefs, values, and norms. Culture is learned through social interaction, shared among members of a group, cumulative as it grows over time, and dynamic as it changes. It serves important functions like helping humans adapt to their environment, compensate for physical limitations, and regulate collective existence through prescribing behavioral patterns. Key cultural concepts include ethnocentrism, cultural relativism, subculture, and culture shock.

Uploaded by

James Ren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CULTURE

1. MEANING/DEFINITIONS
-

From LATIN CULTURA/CULTUS meaning CARE/CULTIVATION

A. FROM DIFFERENT PEOPLE


i.

Kornblum- All modes of thought, behavior, and production handed


down from one generation to the next by communication

ii.

Edward B. Taylor (Englishman)- a complex whole which includes


knowledge, beliefs etc. acquired by man as member of society

iii.

Down- all learned behaviors are a product of cognition

iv.

Brinkerhoff and White- total way of life shared by members in


society

v.

Panopio- groups customary ways of behaving, thinking and feeling

vi.

Landis- a complex set of of learned and shared beliefs, customs


common to a society

vii.

Broom and Selznick- something shared in terms of thinking,


believing, perceiving and evaluating
CULTURE: THE SUM TOTAL OF HUMAN CREATION WHICH IS HANDED
DOWN FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION
CULTURE: A PRODUCT OF HUMAN EVOLUTION AND A SUPLLEMENT
TO IT; A MEANS OF HUMAN ADAPTATION TO THE WORLD

2. ELEMENTS
i.
ii.

MATERIAL- physical objects


NON-MATERIAL- carriers of culture
a. LANGUAGE highly complex systems of symbols (symbol:
the very foundation of culture); how ideas, values etc. are
transmitted, shared, expressed
b. BELIEFS how people perceive reality
c. VALUES shared ideas about desirable goals; worth and
desirability; an abstract of what is important and worthwhile
d. NORMS shared rules of conduct; specific rules of behavior
a) Mores strong ideas of right and wrong; highly
respected and valued standards of conduct; vital,
essential, obligatory
b) Folkways customary, normal and habitual ways of
doing things; accumulated and repetitive
c) Laws formal norms; enforced and sanctioned by
authority

3. CHARACTERISTICS
i.

Culture is LEARNED. (through interaction)

ii.

Culture is SHARED.

iii.

Culture is CUMULATIVE. (can grow and expand)

iv.

Culture is DYNAMIC.

v.

Culture is DIVERSE.

4. FUNCTIONS
i.

Helps people adapt to the demands of the surrounding physical


environment.

ii.

Compensates for many human physical limitations.

iii.

Provides ways and means to regulate human collective existence.

iv.

Prescribes behavioral patterns.

5. CULTURAL CONCEPTS
i.

Ethnocentrism

ii.

Cultural Relativism

iii.

Xenocentrism

iv.

Temporocentrism

v.

Subculture

vi.

Counter-culture

vii.

Culture Universal

viii.

Culture Lag

ix.

Culture Shock

x.

Cultural Integration

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