Lecture 02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Components of Computer and Data
Representation
Saima Jabeen
Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Agenda for today
Parts of a Computer
Data Representation
Peripheral devices
Number systems
Conversion methods
ASCII/Unicode
Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Parts of a Computer
There are two main parts of computers:
Hardware: parts of the computer you can see and touch.
e.g.,
Monitor, Keyboard, Processor, Memory, Circuits, Cables etc.
Software: refers to the parts of the computer which do not
have a material form e.g.,
Data, Programs, Protocols etc.
Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: An External Look
Casing
inside]
[with
components
Next slide
Monitor
Lets the user see how
computer
is
responding to their command
the
Keyboard
For entering text commands
Mouse
Point-and-Click interface for
interacting
with
graphical
environment
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-1-)
Inside the casing, we have a built-in power supply along with:
Mother board
Provides slots to host microprocessor, memory, driver
controllers, graphics card, modem, network card etc
also provides electrical connections by which these hosted
components communicate
Hard Disk Drive
It is the central printed circuit board (PCB) where the core
components of your computer reside
Permanent storage for data and programs. Also, normally, your
operating system is installed here.
CD-ROM / DVD Player
Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-2-)
Power Supply
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-3-)
Motherboard:
Connectors & Ports
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia
Interface) is a compact audio or
video interface for transferring
uncompressed video data and
compressed/uncompressed
digital audio data from a HDMIcompliant device to a compatible
computer monitor, video projector
etc.
RJ=Registered Jack
Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-3-)
PCI Slot
[sound, network, modem]
AGP Slot
[Graphics]
IDE / ATA Connector
[hard disk, CD-ROM]
Power
Connector
DRAM Memory
Slot
Slot for
Microprocessor
Motherboard: Sockets & Slots
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-4-)
Microprocessor
Graphics Card
Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-5-)
RAM
Network Card
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Internal Components (-6-)
Hard Disk Drive
DVD RW
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Computer: Peripherals
A peripheral device is an equipment that might be
added to a computer system to enhance its
functionality
Printer
Digital camera
Scanner
Projector
Joystick
Graphics tablet
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Data Representation
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Data Representation
Modern computers are digital devices
A digital device works with discrete data, such as the
digits 1 and 0
An analog device works with continuous data
Just as a standard light switch is a simpler technology
than a dimmer, so is digital when compared to analog
digital
analog
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Number System
We use decimal number system [base 10] when representing
numeric values in our daily life
Consider the number 123
123 = 100 + 20 + 3 = 1*102 + 2 * 101 + 3*100
Most modern computer systems do not use the decimal
system to represent numeric values.
Instead, they use a binary numbering system [base 2]
Consisting of only two digits: 1 and 0
Uses powers of 2 rather than 10
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Conversions
Conversion from binary to decimal:
(1011)2 = 1*23 + 0*22 + 1*21 + 1*20 = (11)10
Conversion from decimal to binary:
2 125
2
62
1
2 16
2
31
0
2 8
2 4
2
15
1 (125)10
2
7
1 = (1111101)2 2 2
2
3
1
2 1
2
0
0
(16)10
0 = (10000)
2
0
1
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Representing Non-Numeric Data
Some decimal values & their binary equivalents
In addition to numeric data, computers also
manipulate character data
numbers, symbols, numerals that are not
used in arithmetic operations
To represent them, codes have been
developed
that specify binary equivalent for each
character
ASCII 7 bits
Unicode 16 bits
[Example table given ]
Sounds and pictures must be transformed
into a format the computer can understand
A computer must digitize colors, notes,
and instrument sounds into 1s and 0s
Char
Decimal
Binary
65
100 0001
66
100 0010
48
011 0000
49
011 0001
36
010 0100
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Lec02: Components of Computer
CS 101: Introduction to Computing
Quantifying Bits and Bytes
A bit is one binary digit (b):
can have value either 0 or 1
A byte is 8 bits (B)
0010 0100
Kilo- means a 1000; Mega- means million; Giga -means billion
Kilobit (Kb) is 1,024 bits
Kilobyte (KB) is 1,024 bytes
Megabyte (MB) is 1,048,576 bytes
Gigabyte (GB) is 1,073,741,824 bytes
Bits take the form of electrical pulses that can travel over
circuits
Almost the same way as electricity flows over a wire when you turn on a
light switch
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