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Skin Functions: Regulation, Sensation, Immunity

The skin helps regulate core body temperature through sweating and varying blood flow. Sweating increases with high temperatures and exercise to cool the body, and decreases with low temperatures to conserve heat. Blood vessels in the dermis dilate to increase heat loss or constrict to decrease heat loss. The skin also senses stimuli through various nerve fibers and protects the body through the innate immune system with epithelial cells and dendritic cells that respond to the environment and bridge innate and adaptive immunity.

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Jorge De Vera
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36 views2 pages

Skin Functions: Regulation, Sensation, Immunity

The skin helps regulate core body temperature through sweating and varying blood flow. Sweating increases with high temperatures and exercise to cool the body, and decreases with low temperatures to conserve heat. Blood vessels in the dermis dilate to increase heat loss or constrict to decrease heat loss. The skin also senses stimuli through various nerve fibers and protects the body through the innate immune system with epithelial cells and dendritic cells that respond to the environment and bridge innate and adaptive immunity.

Uploaded by

Jorge De Vera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SKIN FUNCTIONS

TEMPERATURE REGULATION

SKIN HELPS TO REGULATE AND MAINTAIN CORE BODY TEMPERATURE THROUGH:

Regulation of sweating

HIGH TEMPERATURE /EXERCISE - SWEAT PRODUCTION INCREASES

LOW TEMPERATURE- SWEAT PRODUCTION DECREASES HEAT


CONSERVATION

Regulation of sweating- through evaporation of


sweat
NORMAL CONDITION: 900mL is produced daily
INCREASED ACTIVITY/INCREASED ENVIRONMENT1.3-3L/hour

Varying the blood flow in the skin

regulation of blood flow in the capillaries in the dermal papillae and


other cutaneous vessels plays an important role in convective heat loss
and heat conservation

The regulation of blood flow in the capillaries in the dermal papillae and other cutaneous
vessels plays an important role in convective heat loss and heat conservation

1. the evaporation of sweat from the skin surface helps lower body temperature. In
addition, blood vessels in the dermis of the skin dilate (become wider); consequently,
more blood flows through the dermis, which increases the amount of heat loss from
the body.

2. Also, the blood vessels in the dermis of the skin constrict (become narrow), which
decreases blood flow through the skin and reduces heat loss from the body.

SENSATION

SKIN IS ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL SITES OF INTERACTION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND
MANY TYPES OF STIMULI ARE PROCESSED BY THE PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEMS.

There are 3 major nerve types in the skin:


A fiberslarge, heavily myelinated nerve fibers that transmit tactile sensation
A fibersthinly myelinated nerve fibers involved in the transmission of short and
fast painful stimuli
C-fibersunmyelinated nerves that transmit pain and itch sensations
IMMUNOLOGIC FUNCTION

Epithelial cells at the interface between the skin and the environment provide the
first line of defense via the innate immune system.

Epithelial cells are equipped to respond to the environment through a variety of


structures
DENDRITIC CELLS
- bridge the gap between the innate and adaptive immune systems.
DERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS
- induce autoproliferation of T cells
- Production of cytokines
- Production of nitric oxide synthase

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