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Strangle-Verb, (NP) It Is Out of This Frame That A Sentence Like The

The projection principle states that the properties of lexical items must be preserved when generating the phrase structure of a sentence. According to Chomsky, lexical structure must be represented categorically at every syntactic level. The projection principle ensures that representations at each syntactic level are projected from the lexicon, observing the subcategorization properties of lexical items. For example, the verb "strangle" requires an object noun phrase, so a sentence like "Fabio strangled Prince Jamal" is well-formed, while a sentence without the object like "*Fabio strangled" would be ill-formed.

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92 views2 pages

Strangle-Verb, (NP) It Is Out of This Frame That A Sentence Like The

The projection principle states that the properties of lexical items must be preserved when generating the phrase structure of a sentence. According to Chomsky, lexical structure must be represented categorically at every syntactic level. The projection principle ensures that representations at each syntactic level are projected from the lexicon, observing the subcategorization properties of lexical items. For example, the verb "strangle" requires an object noun phrase, so a sentence like "Fabio strangled Prince Jamal" is well-formed, while a sentence without the object like "*Fabio strangled" would be ill-formed.

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Omar Shahid
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The projection principle is used in the derivation of phrases.

Under the Projection Principle, the properties of lexical items must be


preserved while generating the phrase structure of a sentence.
The Principle, as formulated by Chomsky, states that "lexical structure must be
represented categorically at every syntactic level" (Chomsky 1986: 84).
Chomsky further defined the projection principle as "representations at each
level of syntax are projected from the lexicon in that they observe the subcategorisation properties of lexical items."
For example, the verb strangle, apart from the subject, has an
obligatory argument, its object, which must appear in the sentence.
The following sub-categorization frame for the verb strangle specifies its
properties; the underlined gap for the location of the verb is followed by the
noun phrase (NP):
Strangle- Verb, [NP]It is out of this frame that a sentence like the
following can be generated:
Fabio strangled Prince Jamal.
A sentence without the object, in violation of the verb's sub-categorization frame
and the Projection Principle, would be ill-formed: *Fabio strangled.

Rules that determine:


what goes into a phrase (constituents)
how the constituents are ordered
Constituent is a word or group of words:
that function as a unit and can make up larger grammatical units
Phrase and head

Each rule rewrites a constituent into one or more constituents


Examples- structure of the verbal phrase (VP)
VP V talked
VP V Adv talked loudly
VP V NP ate their desserts
VP V NP PP (Adv) put the book on the table (wearily)
VP V (S) know (the students attended their lectures)
So, a VP must contain a verb, but can also contain a lot of other phrases
(...): VP V (NP) (PP)(Adv) (S)
One distinguishes between two major types of phrases:
Head-initial

(=

right-branching)

phrases:

Heads

precede

their

dependents.
English (head-initial): John has put the book on the table.
Head-final (= left-branching) phrases: Heads follow their dependents.
German (head-final): Jan hat das Buch auf den Tisch gelegt,
[John-has the-book on-the-table put].
In linguistics, the head directionality parameter is a proposed parameter that
classifies word order according to the placement of heads in phrases.
Head directionality is also understood in terms of the direction of branching.

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