MongoDB Shell
Cheat Sheet
Starting the mongo shell
Mongo shell can be used to connect to local databases, or remote databases running on
another server. If connecting to MongoDB locally, make sure its running in another terminal
window or background process (the `mongod` command).
Code
Description
mongo
Connect to a local MongoDB database
mongo <hostname>:<port>
<databaseName> -u <user> -p
<password>
e.g.:
mongo cianclarke.com:27017/users
-u cianclarke -p mYs3cretz
Protip: The default port MongoDB runs on
is 27017.
Connect to a remote MongoDB server
Navigating around Mongo
Here are the most used commands, operations and queries.
Help Methods and Commands
Description
show dbs
Shows all databases available on
this server
use acmegrocery
Switches to a database called acmegrocery. Creates this database if it doesnt
already exist.
show collections
Show all collections in the current db (first
`use <someDb>`)
show users
Show all users for the current DB
show roles
Show the roles defined for the current DB
Working with a collection
Now that you have selected a database and listed the collections inside, you can perform
operations using the `db` variable.
Every collection has a property on the `db` variable - e.g. the `apples`
collection is `db.apples`.
JavaScript Database Operations
Description
db.apples.find()
Finds all documents in a collection
named apples.
JavaScript Database Operations
Description
db[blood-oranges].find()
As above, finds all documents in a collection named seville-oranges. Collection
names with characters that are reserved
in JavaScipt (in this case, your - character)
need to be queried this way.
db.apples.find({type : granny
smith})
Finds all documents in a collection called
apples with type matching
granny smith.
db.apples.find({}, { type : 1,
price : 1 })
You can also find all apple documents,
but only return the fields were interested
in - in this case, type and price, by setting
them to 1 in the second parameter.
db.apples.find().sort({ price :
-1 })
You can sort the results from a find() operation using the sort function. `-1` sorts
descending, `1` sorts ascending.
Changing Groups of Documents
All of the operations so far have been queries which return many documents - called a cursor.
You could use these cursors and iterate, but theres an easier way.
db.apples.remove({ bad : true})
Removes all bad apples! Finds all apples
with a property of bad set to true, and
removes them.
db.apples.update({ type : granny
smith}, {$set : { price : 2.99
}})
Updates the price of all granny
smith apples.
#dont do this!
db.apples.update({ type : granny
smith}, { price : 2.99 })
Important! Note the $set syntax - this
doesnt work as many would expect. Without putting the updated fields inside a $set
clause, we replace the entire document.
Working with Individual Documents
All of these operations do something with many documents, but in the Mongo Shell theres a
really neat way of working with just one document too!
db.apples.insert({ type : granny
smith, price : 5.99 })
Inserts a new document into the apples
collection.
If your apples collection doesnt exist, it
will get created.
db.apples.findOne({ _id :
ObjectId
(54324a5925859afb491a0000) })
Looking up a document by ID is special.
We cant just specify the ObjectID as a
string - we need to cast it to an ObjectId.
If you havent already noticed, the mongo shell is a JavaScript REPL. This means you
can use basic JavaScript commands to operate on documents!
var greenest =
db.apples.findOne
({ countryOfOrigin : Ireland })
greenest.price = 10.99
db.apples.save(greenest)
Finds the greenest apple of them all! Find
just one apple document with a country of
origin from Ireland.
Note that .findOne() is different - it returns
a document, where .find() returns a cursor.
We can assign this document to a variable,
make changes, then save it back to the
collection - an update operation.
Working with Indexes
db.apples.createIndex
( { countryOfOrigin: 1 } )
Creates a new index on the countryOfOrigin field of the apples collection in ascending order.
db.apples.getIndexes()
List all indexes on the apples collection.
db.apples.dropIndex
({ countryOfOrigin : 1})
Drops the countryOfOrigin index we just
created on the apples collection.
Drops all indexes in the apples collection.
(except those on the _id field).
db.apples.dropIndexes()
DANGER ZONE!
db.apples.drop()
Drops the entire apples collection.
use acmegrocery
db.dropDatabase()
Drops the entire acmegrocery database
About the Author
Cian Clarke is a Software Engineer on the Red Hat Mobile Team. An
early technologist, he founded his own web consultancy business at
16. Cian was a member of the original FeedHenry mobile team, since
acquired by Red Hat.
At Red Hat, Cian builds functionality for the Mobile Application
Platform, and also helps with solutions architecture and evangelism. In
addition to his day job, he also regularly blogs about the intersection
of all things mobile, microservices and Node.js. Cian is originally from
Waterford, Ireland, and currently resides in Boston, Massachusetts.
