THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA ministry OF /ORKS, HOUSING AND COMMUNICATIONS ROAD DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM PHASE 2 PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENGINEERING MANUALS AND SPECIFICATIONS AS WELL ‘AS PROVISION OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Contract RDP/GN/SO08 Safety at Roadworks A Code of Practice tent: Lead Consultant ans of Works, Housing & TRULimites Communications Crowthorne House Po Bow 10 Nine Mile Ride ENTEGBE ‘Wokingnam Berkshire uy 2004 RAGA Une Kingcomovement ond Table of Contents INTRODUCTION GENERAL PRINCIPLES BASIC SIGNS AND EQUIPMENT SIZE AND SPACING OF SIGNS, CONES AND DRUMS TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR ONE.WAY WORKING. IMPLEMENTATION STANDARD SIGN LAYOUTS Basic layout ‘Single fle tric contrl wth STOP - GO sign Single fle wafic control with temporary tafe signals. ‘Survey work or mnor maintenance ‘Worke nthe contra of the samiangoway Diversion roas “Two-way trafic on one hal the cariageway ne lane closed (dual cariageway) One carriageway cosed ~ start of contralow (dual cariageway) 10. One cariageway closed ~ end of coniratow (dal carriageway) 11 Work at road intersection 12. Diversion a traffic in a buil-up area 13, Diversion af footway Seftor ny 10 " 2 “4 18 1 7 8 18 20 aGover af gm iy ok Hews ed Comat ne 1. Introduction Any work involving the digsing up, rep, oe obstuction of our roads noes to be mancged so that safety is not compromised, and distupion fs kept toa minimum. Ths ts Becoming more oF a ‘hullege due to the steady growth in trafic. Everyone responsible for work on ot ods, including the clvrvty, water etsommunictions and rod suthoiis, has duty toy and prevent road crashes, The Traffic and Road Safety (Safety a! Roadworks) Regulations require that all oadworks, no mater how stall, ust be propely signed and managed. and this Code of Practice shows you what odo. Ithas been writen primarily for persons working onthe rou, and thei supervisors and managers will ako be useful road sho engineers, teats pie snd anyone involved in planing, managlag ot implementing works in the oa. Signs and chanelising devises ae the key components in creating a safe work site, Good signing WARNS, INFORMS and DIRECTS: ‘+ Ie WARNS road sets that there ia hazard ahead o that they canbe ready to take aston +I INFORMS ther of what i bead, so that they kaow what manoeuvze ot action they will need to make 1 And it DIRECTS them how to pass throh the haza Good signing aso helps protect the rca! workers and keeps trafic delays to & minimun. Ki importa that he signs and other devices are used in a standard, consistent manner so that road users wil become fata with what they are expected o do at worksites, So all thos involved in working on our roads, whether in the public or private sece, ae urged to follow the Principles set out inthis Code. Most kinds of work situations aze covered, though there will {ivays bea need wo adap and moult te advice wo suit the paula eumstances ofthese. If Sou ate in any doubt about what to do then consult hers, sich as your managers, the roa !utority and the tate police The Cove of Practice starts by ting out the gener principles for safe management cf work sits, This is fllowed by an explanation of the basi signs and equipment. the size and spacing ‘of sgns and trafic cones. and ow to contol tai trough single lane sections. Then tee ae ‘Some recommendations om ow to get road contractors to take toi safety responsibliis more Seriously. Finally, there ea set of 13 standard sighing and management plan, covering ‘verthing fom minor works to closure of ne errageway om a dual-crriages) road sate manner, 2. General Principles Plan ahead - itis your responsibility to sign your works safely. so think what signs and ‘equipment you will ned before you leve the depo. This Code of Practice will help you decide ‘shal is required, If ts a Ministry of Works rood vcheme 308 must prepare a Trafic Coir! Plan which deta the arangemenis to be made for traffic management and the protctie o the public This Plan mise be approved by the road! authoriy before work commences and no ‘hangs shoud he made without fir prio agreement. Get advice and assistance frm the police in difficult or dangerous sivations. You must always have the permission ofthe road ashorty before you carry out works on their oad, Const aiheay management ithe works will extend ‘eral erosing Control the speed of trafic - Trafic speeds throug the site need to be kept ata sate level, tencrally 50 Kh cr fess, This son best be achioved by narowing vin the ticles and ‘making minor diversions ~ using traffic cones or drums. On roads with speeds in exces of 50 Soft anders sy 208 Page 2verano oma Moar Werks Nong nd Commas ‘muh you should consider imposing a temporary sped limit using Sped Limit signs. The new Tmt Should be at Feast 30 krvh les than the permanent speed limit and should extend over & stance of af least S00 metes, Remember though that temporary speed limits may ot be fective unless you can get the police to do some enforcement Always ensure that the aye oF the sie encourages vehicles to move smoothly at safe speeds. Face the traffic when setting out sigs - Put the Rowlvorts warning sign out Fst rove tars the works site, and always ty and ce the ali then ‘Check the signs careflly- Ask yourself this question: “Will someone coming along the rad in either direction understand exatly what fs happening and what is expected of them?” As the ‘works pressed alter the signing so that it is avays consistent withthe work that is going on (Coverup any permanent signs that give conitng 0° confusing messages Fis the signs property = The sians must be mounted off the ground either on poles oe frames They must be Byed 80 that they can be blown over or dislodged by moving tfc Ifthe works are 10 last more than a Tew chs consider fixing the sign poles ino proper emerete Foundations. Chosk the sians regularly to se i they ae al stil in place, and clean them if they _ct diy. If the sian get damaged or son they rust be repair replaces promptly Ensure the signs are visible a might - Mike evry efor wo finish dhe work before dak hs ‘sot possible check that the Works and any diversions or other walle contol arrangement ate leary visible before you leave the ste fr the night ll signs must be fly reflective. and all onon drums or atherchannelsing devices mst he fied with reflectors On bus roads oF ‘ficult sites asl Mashing amber warning lamps. You may eed 9 employ @ watchman, Remove unnecessary signs - Never leave signs on the road once they are no longer need This ‘annoys drivers and ead to distras of roadworks signing [Always we the standard signs - da not design your own — Retiro Table I i Seaton 4 for fuidance on sign sizes. Sign faces should be made fom the sat high inesity grade elective Sheeting as used on permanent sigs. Refer 10 the Ministry of Works, Housing and CCommunicaion’s ‘Traffic Signs Minaal for the sign designs, The Ministy’s Genecal Specifications for Road and Bridge Werks sts standards for sign enstuction Fie seen = Workers must wear brighty-cloured_clathing, preferably high-vsibiiy safer wwaiteats made in bight orange or yellow fluorescent materia. The garments should have fefletve sips on them in case work continues aller dark, Plant and equipment should be Pine yellow, and be fied with Mashing amber or orgs beacons. Is recommended that ll heavy vehicles expocaly road rollers be ited with alarms hx sound When they are reversing, Make sure that the workers have been trained — All road workers should have ha sity teuning and be properly equipped with shoes, gloves, etc, Children must never be empeyed. A First sid hit mus be kepom-se Provide a safety zone ~ Set out the tafe canes or drums so that there Is space ews the ‘working area ard the wai to form a safety zone 1o help protect works from being hitby out ‘of-oatol vehicles (see Layout in Section 7). This is pariculrly important if trae speeds ‘Sat a Roadvors my 208 rowedMini of Vers, ening ad Commacaons anot be reduce to 50 kan o ess n sch cases extra protection cam be provi by parking track inthe safety zone ~ or building a wal of sand-filled deus. Never use a salty zone a6 3 working area or for storing equipment or mata Arrange proper access for works vehicles ~ Mike sire that works vehicles ean enter an leave the site safely throgh cleary-marked accesses. Works vehicles must be parked where they Wil rot cause an obstuction or bea hazard o passing trafic, Provide for pedestrians — Where the works will obsiruct a pavement (Rotwas) provide safe clearyemarked ateritive mule. Pedestrian barriers with handrails should be used 10 math out the temporary fotiay, These shouldbe designed to be easily detected bya visually-handeappod person using a stich, Stronger baits should he put up around any excavations deeper fan 12 ‘Consider toca residents and businesses — Inv people living and working alongside trod ‘what will be happening. Ensire that acces 1o business perises maintained. Try and minimise ‘isrption and poise and dist nuisance Rese hus stops i ecessay. Keep the site ty - Take up a litle road space as possible, and store construction material and ‘equipment ofthe road i gu can, project information sgn — A! major roads put up a sign giving the name ofthe projet, he rod authori, the contactor, and the donor any, Give eatact phone mumbers for {ne food aut and the conractor Leave the site fm a safe condition - When you have finished make sure thatthe oad surfice has boon properly eeinstated and that there are no dangerous holes, or trenches. All hoes and trenches must be backed with sufficient compaction to prevent the material stumping under the weight of traffic, Clan away any mud or gravel. Small changes in level, such as cesar when road surfaces are removed prior 10 resurlaciag, can be very dangerous to cyeliss and ‘moworycliss. In these stuons a ramp must be onstucted und it should be signed using the (Uneven Road warning sgn 3. Basie Signs and Equipment The Roautorks sign is the frst sign tebe sen bythe deve, so pace i well before the worksite about 30-~ 30 meues on slow-speu town roads and 100 metes on rural roads - but ons high-speed road should heat eas 150 metzes away (cfr also to Table I). Pat the sign where it ‘an be son fom a distance. For example, if the works ae just afer a Tend inthe a, pt the sgn before he end the Road Narroes One Side sgn warns drivers whe side ‘of the mad is obsrvtod. Pace it midway berw2en the ouutwarks sign andthe works site. Make sure you use the “appropriate sign om each approach tothe cbsrustin, Soh raat ny 208 PagePlace Pass Lef Side or. i appropiate, Pass Right Side, ens a the Beginning and end ofthe works = the poin where the Works tested fits it the rad. Plastic or rubber irc comes are the hes chamelising devices, but metal drums painted black tnd white may hosed insead, Drums shall be kept in place By being ary illed with sand Soil but not stones, Where space is very’ Tmited you can fence off the arc using mal OF bamboo poise ané fod and white striped piste tape All channelising devices mus have reflectors on them if wed night. See Table in Section 4 for details of spacing On bus roads tor dificult sites ou may need tase Mashing lamps to make the works more visible a nig. Types of channaisng devices: ‘rate cone wth white Metal drum with wite Meta rods wih relatos andplastc reflective sleeve reflective ape (or ted marker tape efector) 2 2 ft At major works you should pt up tafe reeds within de losed-fF area to make the rea ‘osure more visible to oncoming Wali. Place them so tha they face the wali. Where pedestrians sre preset you should use pedevtrian barricades to fence of any hoes and trenches Pedestrian barcodes should have twa rails ~ handrail at abou 1 mete high, and anoter il ‘neat the ground which can be decid by a visually handicapped person using a stick. Several trmicades can be linked together to form a continuous fence past the hazard. Both pes of ariades should be ult so tat hey are tong and not easily knocked over. ‘rate Baricade Pecestrian Baricade mel bed 4, Size and Spacing of Signs, Cones and Drums ‘able | gives guidance om the sizes of sighs to be wsed and where to place them, Judgement wil be neaded to dete the best arrangement foreach st, For example is choosing the heation ‘of warning signs you ned o lake account of ali speeds as well as whee he sign will be mast, Sy Roadnks “iy 000 Poevert f Usa Uy of Wars Honig ad Comma visible — and where there willbe sucint space for it, Table 2 gives guidance onthe size and Sing oF wafie cones drum markers. Teble 1. Sign Sizes and Siting Distancos Tate apeoe (Ktometes pernow Taina ae of signe ejay (sareateny Rang Con ‘Sting detnes | Minimum namborot fttrat sign in| warning sign in Stvance st | Sdvance of roadworks onawort fm) | Spaced at vera) Ue ara REREAD OD Tar 58 T tae ‘aaiengn ‘Suerevant wp ead | Teo aameer 00-280 z ieeudng 0 awh | o0d\engh ‘vere rs BOL omer BOTT 3 ‘olen Table 2 Size and Spacing of Cones / Drums and Taper Rates "Trae speed ‘ininam cone Standard spacing for | Rate oFtapor@) Teiomevesporneun | neignt mm) | cones farms ma Up a aang a 7 Tae (3) Pace cones ums 4m apart at tapes (change of recon) On ong alg sacton wen goad easy the cones may be upto 20" apa (2) Gonos orume seul be lad eu frm a apes where te ai aso change ecton toad Shatuctans. Tr sharpess ofthe taper depends en he wae speed ana seated byte tape 0 ‘tapi calaon hte wits the soetscbon Sm and the apa’ ate tom Tale 2 above in, ‘Relangi ate taper wba 32 3" O6m Ter ato ox ene of ances wien shoud be an Se of 45", Wate nese vate conta (STOPGO sgn orate nga) te taper shoud nea a0 Sng of 8" the sperching Wa and econ 5. Traffic Control for One-Way Working seo e IE the amount of roa! lef open to teafTic is less than 6.5 rettes wide I will ot be safe for two-way working, s0 900 Should use cones or drums 10 reduce the cariageway (0 a Single lane 3.25 metres wide, Unless there Is vey ile wae and spesds are fo, Jou will need to contol tac manually thing these double-sided STOP GO signs. I the singe lane section sfess than 20 metres long and som a straight stretch of road ou will nly need ingle ‘Sign inthe middle, Otherwise puta sign at each end (see Layout 2 in Section 7). The single lane ‘hovld have no intercon: within it and shoul not be longer than aut 280 meres. This pe ‘of traffic conto is satable for two-way vehicle fos of po 1200 vehicles per houGoverment of emda uy of Wars Heng as Common oe The trafic controllers operating the signs must be responsible adults who canbe relied 7 na to leave their poss unl a replacement strives. They must wear bright safety waistcoats and should Hand where they can be seen by both trafic and other aie conollers, They must havea cleat ‘ape route in case an outaconiol vehicle heads towards than. The waflc controle sowing the "GO" sign shouldbe the one to change the ditetion ofthe trafic ow by reversing the sigh to show “STOP". Sufcon time shouldbe given forall the vehicles wo clear the singe lane ction before the oer sign revered to show” "GO", If necesary provide the controllers with timing, On Tong seston two-ay radon canbe ws ‘Do not vse Magren wo contol waffis, becuse their signals are often confusing. STOP / GO signs ive much more postive contol. Flagmien waving red Nags can be used 10 warn afew saw down. You can aso use portable afc signals to contol waic (see Layout 3 in Section 7), provided that you use a relalessten, and the stings have been determined by a competent porn The “Sgnals should be of the standard threeigh ype: ed, amber and green. At night puta ashing lamp atthe hase ofthe signal column in ede price it ithe signals fal. You may need 3 technician atthe ste ding the whole time the signals ae in operat Whatever the form of traffic contol you pla to ase oasider what problems might arise when traffic queues form. Will they block junktions oe important accesses? Ii essential tat you ‘Sonsul railway management ithe ase of trafic conto wil use tai a queue back over 8 ral crossing. Adgvonal staff may be needed to watch for ral walle and ensae that a wo tne {hoes taffc ation the costing lt 6. Implementation “Managers and supervisors mas tke safety seriously and insist thatthe advice inthis Code of Practice is followed, Faure to take adequate precautions o protect the public could result in legal action being taken against yu or your company. \Where contactors are employed to do wor inthe road it mst he made clear in the const tha they are responsible for providing signing, wale management and the construction and maintenance of any dverstns Inthe case of Ministry of Works road contacts the requirements tre stot in Seton 1500 ofthe Ministry's General Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, This refers to the nood to fallow the advice given inthis Code of Practice. Contracts must submit tiled Trafic Coniol Plan vo the wad autority. Once this has been appeced the ‘contactor must Insal the trafic signs, markers, baricadex. te, Before the work eomnenses The Supstvising Engineer must check the signing and conto arrangement regular intervals, including st night, and mst promptly draw the allen ofthe contrat © any dec ences. The entractr is responsible for ll maintenance, iclning leaning of sins, and replacement of signs and other esuipment that has ben stolen or damaged, Supervising Engineers have «duty 1 ensre that contractors meet their bligatons and must be prepaced t impose such penalties are provided! under the cone, if the contactor fails 10 Imaitsin an aeplable standard of signing and Wafic management. Experience has show tha the contactor willbe more likely to provide adequate signing and cont if san item in the lst of works tobe doe. shouldbe made clea tothe contractor ha payment wil ony be made if the cate signing and traffic contol a the site is sisfaetory. The faire or refusal of he Sh Ror 208 Pes?Goverment of Um = niyo orks etn and Canmmmiains Contractor to provide an ascoptable standard of signing and matkng is sufiient grounds to clone down llthe work om the contact wt al the requirements have been met 7. Standard Sign Layouts Sign layouts for ypical oatworks sitions are illustrated on the folowing pages. Note at the sign spacings have ben compress inorder oft the laxout onto one page. Refer 0 Tabl 1 and the lout nates for details ofthe spacing Layouts will olen aces to he modified to ait the panticulrcireumstanees ofthe sv. The situations usted ar: Layout) asc layout Layout2. Single fle tai contol with STOP -GO sign Layout} Single ile aie contol wth tmporary traffic signals Layout Survey work or minor maintenance [Layout Works in the conte ofthe cariageay {Layout 6 Diversion road Layout? Two-way tfc on one ha ofthe read Layout One lane closed dual carriageway) [Layout One carriageway closed = sat of contafow (dual carriageway) Layout 10 One carriageway closed-end of comrflo (dual cariageway) Layout 11 Workat intersections Layout [2 iverson of tric in a buil-up area Layout 13 Diversion of footway Sea Robots “iy 208 age4a oO i) op bu02 hayes, oe i gq Layout 1 Basic layout Notes: A. Siting distance of frst sign in advance &| roadworks - see Table 1 ‘Second sign should be at half the distance, B - Length of leac-in taper ~ see Table 2 X- Minimum roae wicth of 6.5m for two-way working, Ifthe width is less than this close off half the road and hhave one-way werking with trafic control Safety zone dimensions:(rn) Speed Lenath Side Kvh_(U) (8) 300s OS 7 15 08 ao 3012 © Traffic cone /drum Pages~~ v Layout 2 Single file traffic control with STOP - yy eeeton Notes: > A- Siting distance of first sign in advance of Foadworks - see Table 1 Second sign should be at ‘worthirds the disrance. Third sign at oneethid the distance. B - Tapers tobe at an angle of 45 degrees to he ‘approaching traf X= Aminimum with of 3.25m must be maintained. ‘The width must not be more than'3.7m because this might tempt some drivers to Use it as a two-way road Ifthe obstructions less than 20m and is on a straight section itmay be possible to use one STOP / GO sign here. © Traffic cone / drum Poge 10"W Layout 3 Single file traffic control with er temporary traffic signals ° “og Spy ior| See, Soc een B- Tapers to be at an angle of 45 degrees tothe ‘approaching tate X= Aminmum read width of, 3.25m must be maintained. ‘The maximum wicth is 37m. : Go ‘Signals must be of the : three-light pattern. The e t power supply and control system must be reliable, and resistant o theft and, Vandalism. The settings for Signals must be determines by competent persons. At night on unit oad the 2 | A base ofthe signel support Pane} shouldbe marked with a flashing amber lamp incase the signal lamp fails, The maximum permitied distance between signals is ‘300m, 2 © Tratfe cone / drum A, 7 Q rorsA | v " Layout 4 Survey work or minor maintenance (carried out from a vehicle) Notes: This arrangement is only suitable ifthe road is lahty ttaficked, there is good visibility and the work will not last long. Typical acivites include pot-hole repairs, sign ‘maintenance, drain clearance and pavement tests [A- Siting distance of fst sign in advance of roadworks - see Table 1. Distance must not exceed 1 kilometre, ‘The works vehicle must have a roof-mounted amber flashing Beacon that is switched on for the duration ofthe work. Ifthe works vehicle cannot be easily ‘seen ftom a cistance because ‘of bends o hill crests, use Road Narrows signs (with Single Fle Traffic pates if appropriate) to warn drivers approaching in each direction. Workers should be ahead of the vehicle so that itwill provide them with seme protection IHyou cannot meet the above requirements, or have any doubts about the safay ofthis atrangement, you mast use the signing and guarding in Layout ‘lor Layout 2 oF 3) © Trafic cone /dum> > | Le © © Layout 12 Notes: A- Siting distance of frst sign in advance of the diversion - see Table 1. ‘Second sign should be at haifthe distance. Third sign at one-third the distance. © Taaffe cone /stum| Layout 13 Diversion of footway = Notes: | A | A. Siting distance of frst sign in advance of Foadviorks - see Table 1 Second sign should be at haif the aistance. B- Length of loadin taper see Table 2 X= Minimum road width of 6.5m must be maintained {for 2away working However, ifthe road is lightly tracked ard there are few buses, @ minimum ‘Width of 8 Sm ie accaptable, YY Minienum wiath 1 © Traffic cone /crum = Seeation of pedestrian barrier Ses reine ee