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Multivariate Analysis Practice Question and Solutions

This document contains solutions to tutorial problems involving multivariate analysis. It covers proofs involving eigenvalues and eigenvectors, finding the eigenvalue decomposition of matrices, and calculating determinants, traces, powers and roots of matrices using their eigenvalue decompositions. Matrix properties like orthogonality and positive definiteness are also discussed.

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Janice Txinyi
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3K views3 pages

Multivariate Analysis Practice Question and Solutions

This document contains solutions to tutorial problems involving multivariate analysis. It covers proofs involving eigenvalues and eigenvectors, finding the eigenvalue decomposition of matrices, and calculating determinants, traces, powers and roots of matrices using their eigenvalue decompositions. Matrix properties like orthogonality and positive definiteness are also discussed.

Uploaded by

Janice Txinyi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MH4501 Multivariate Analysis

Tutorial 1 Solutions

1. Proof:

(a) QQT = Ip . Then 1 = |I| = |QQT | = |Q||QT | = |Q|2 = |Q| = 1.


(b)
Aui = i ui = uTj Aui = uTj i ui

Auj = j uj = uTi Auj = uTi j uj

Since matrix A is symmetric, i 6= j , then

i uTj ui = j uTi uj = uTi uj = 0.

(c) We have the eigenvalue decomposition A = QQT ,

det(A) = |A| = |QQT | = |Q| || |QT | = |Q|2 || = || = 1 2 p .

(d)
p
X
T T
tr(A) = tr(QQ ) = tr(Q Q) = tr() = i .
i=1

4 2
2. A =
2 3

(a)

|A I| = (4 )(3 ) 2 = 0
= 1 = 5, 2 = 2.

Let x = (x1 , x2 )T .

1

If Ax = 5x, then 4x1 2x2 = 5x1 and 2x1 + 3x2 = 5x2 . It follows that x

satisfies x1 + 2x2 = 0. Let us take x1 = 1 and x2 = 2/2. Then


x 6 1 6
u1 = = x = .
kxk 3 3 3


If Ax = 2x, then 4x1 2x2 = 2x1 and 2x1 + 3x2 = 2x2 . It follows that x

satisfies 2x1 2x2 = 0. Let us take x1 = 1 and x2 = 2. Then


x 3 1 3
u2 = = x = .
kxk 3 3 6

It follows that
1 6 3
U = [u1 , u2 ] =
3 3 6

and since U is an orthogonal matrix



1 6 3
U 1 = U T =
3 3 6

(b) Omitted.
(c) You need to use A5 = U 5 U T . You may show this directly or use the result that
the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of A5 are u1 , u2 and 51 , 52 . So we have
5
1 6 3 5 0 6 3
A5 = U 5 U T =
9 3 6

5
0 2 3 6

2094 1031 2
=
1031 2 1063

(d) You need to use A1/2 = U 1/2 U T . So we have



1 6 3 5 0 6 3
A1/2 = U 1/2 U T =
9 3 6 0 2 3 6

1 2 5 + 2 2 10
=
3 2 10 5+2 2

2
(e) Omitted.

3. (a) |A I| = (2 )(4 ) 16 = ( + 6)( 4) and hence eigenvalues are 1 = 4


and 2 = 6.
A is not positive definite because 2 < 0.
(b)

1 12 5 5 12
DDT =
169 12 5 12 5

1 169 0
= =I
169 0 169

Hence DT = D1 and so D is orthogonal.


(c) We have
|A| = 24, |B| = 14, |D| = 1

and therefore
|AABDDD| = |A||A||B||D||D||D| = 8064.

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