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Slug Flow Calculation Reference

This document discusses how to calculate the resulting forces on a bend in piping due to both mass flow and static pressure. The resulting force due to mass flow can be calculated using equations 1b and 2b, which factor in the fluid density, flow area, velocity, and bend angle. The resulting force due to static pressure can be calculated using equations 4b and 5, which consider the pressure, flow area, and bend angle. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate applying the equations.

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Vishwa Thopa
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166 views3 pages

Slug Flow Calculation Reference

This document discusses how to calculate the resulting forces on a bend in piping due to both mass flow and static pressure. The resulting force due to mass flow can be calculated using equations 1b and 2b, which factor in the fluid density, flow area, velocity, and bend angle. The resulting force due to static pressure can be calculated using equations 4b and 5, which consider the pressure, flow area, and bend angle. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate applying the equations.

Uploaded by

Vishwa Thopa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Resulting force due to Mass flow and Flow Velocity

The resulting force in x-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed as:

Rx = Change in momentum

= mv-mv cos

= m v (1 - cos) (1)

= A v2 (1 - cos) (1b)

= (d / 2)2 v2 (1 - cos) (1c)

where

Rx = resulting force in x-direction (N)

m = mass flow (kg/s)=density*volumetric flow rate

v = flow velocity (m/s)

= turning bend angle (degrees)

= fluid density (kg/m3)

d = internal pipe or bend diameter (m)

= 3.14...

The resulting force in y-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed as:

Ry = m v sin (2)

= A v2 sin (2b)

= (d / 2)2 v2 sin (2c)

Ry = resulting force in y direction (N)

The resulting force on the bend due to force in x- and y-direction can be expressed as:

R = (Rx2 + Ry2)1/2 (3)


where

R = resulting force on the bend (N)

Example - Resulting force on a bend due to mass flow and flow velocity

The resulting force on a 45o bend with

diameter 114 mm = 0.114 m


water with density 1000 kg/m
3

flow velocity 20 m/s

can be calculated by as

Resulting force in x-direction:

Rx = (1000 kg/m3) ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (20 m/s)2 (1 - cos45)

= 1196 (N)

Resulting force in y-direction:

Ry = (1000 kg/m3) ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (20 m/s)2 sin45

= 2887 (N)

Resulting force on the bend

R = ((1196 N)2 + (2887 N)2)1/2

= 3125 (N)

Note - if is 90o the resulting forces in x- and y-directions are the same.

Resulting force due to Static Pressure

The pressure and the end surfaces of the bend creates resulting forces in x- and y-directions.

The resulting force in x-direction can be expressed as

Rpx = p A (1- cos ) (4)

= p (d / 2)2 (1- cos ) (4b)

where

Rpx = resulting force due to pressure in x-direction (N)

p = gauge pressure inside pipe (Pa, N/m2)

The resulting force in y-direction can be expressed as

Rpy = p (d / 2)2 sin (5)

where

Rpy = resulting force due to pressure in y-direction (N)

The resulting force on the bend due to force in x- and y-direction can be expressed as:
Rp = (Rpx2 + Rpy2)1/2 (6)

where

Rp = resulting force on the bend due to static pressure (N)

Example - Resulting force on a bend due to pressure

The resulting force on a 45o bend with

diameter 114 mm = 0.114 m


pressure 100 kPa

can be calculated by as

Resulting force in x-direction:

Rx = (100 kPa) ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (1 - cos45)

= 299 (N)

Resulting force in y-direction:

Ry = (100 kPa) ((0.114 m) / 2)2 sin45

= 722 (N)

Resulting force on the bend

R = ((299 N)2 + (722 N)2)1/2

= 781 (N)

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