S.I.P.S.COLLAGE REWA(M.P.
)
DESIGN OF WEB BASED
NEWSPAPER
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE DEGREE OF
Post Graduate Diploma
in Computer
Application
Department of Computer Science
APS University
Rewa(M.P.)
submitted to submitted by
Ass. Prof. Siddharth (1) Vinod kumar tiwari
dwivedi (2) Saurabh tiwari
(3) Manish kumar mishra
(4) Amit kumar tiwari
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled Design of Web Based
Newspaper submitted by 1.Vinod kumar Tiwari 2. Saurabh
Tiwari 3. Manish kumar Mishra 4.Amit kumar Tiwari in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Post Garduate
Diploma in computer Application S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.)is
an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and
guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in
the thesis has not been submitted to any other university /
institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.
Date: Ass. Prof. Siddharth dwivedi
Place:Rewa(M.P.)
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped
and supported me during my project work.
I express my sincere gratitude Ass. Prof. Siddharth dwivedifor
guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention
and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and make
necessary correction as and when needed.
I express my thanks to the Director Prof.J.P. Kushwaha of
S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.) for extending his support.
I also convey my regards to all other faculty members of
Department of Computer Science S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.)
Finally I would like to thank and friends for their help and
assistance all through this project.
(1) Vinod kumar tiwari
(2) Saurabh tiwari
(3) Manish kumar mishra
(4) Amit kumar tiwari
ABSTRACT
Diploma in computer Application S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.) is
one of the reputed institutions for technical education in India.
The main purpose of the project is intended to develop a portal
for management of Web based news. The portal provides a
suitable and easy display for which large population around the
world can learn or will have the knowledge about the world.
Basically this is a crowd sourcing newspaper. The idea is anyone
can send a news item using their web based gadget which is
managed by administrator to whom the editors panel kept in
charge for this to make it visible for the masses. This portal is
developed using HTML, PHP & CSS technologies and SQL
Server.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE................................................................................................. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
................................................................................................
ii
ABSTRACT
...............................................................................................
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
...............................................................................................
iv
TABLE OF FIGURES
................................................................................................
v
1.INTRODUCTION
.........................................................................................................................
1
2..............................................................................................R
EQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION..................................................4
3............................................................................................. D
ESIGNING
10
4............................................................................................. I
MPLEMENTATION
17
5.TESTING.................................................................................................... 30
6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK..............................................................................................33
REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 35
TABLE OF FIGURES
FIGURE3.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM.....................................................12
FIGURE 3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL1................................13
FIGURE 3.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM...........................15
FIGURE 3.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM...................................................16
FIGURE 4.1 HOME PAGE....................................................................25
FIGURE 4.2 HEADLINES....................................................................26
FIGURE 4.3 INDIAN NEWS................................................................27
FIGURE4.4 SPORTS.............................................................................28
FIGURE 4.5 BOLLYWOOD..................................................................29
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Software Engineering is the application of systematic,
disciplined, and quantifiable approach to the design,
development, operation, and maintenance of software, and study
of these approaches that is the application of engineering to
software. The term software engineering first appeared in the
1968 NATO software engineering conference and was meant to
provoke thought regarding the perceived software crisis at the
time.
The development of portal for web based newspaper generally
means creating a website in which the management of all news
item sent by crowd about any type of news & activities are done
by the administrator where all people (viewers) can view and
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know all the relevant information about the knowledge which
they seek. This project is about the designing of a newspaper
which displays the news which a normal person want to show.
This portal is designed by using HTML, PHP, & CSS
technologies and SQL Server. The portal has basically three user
parts where one is registered user (authentication required) who
can view, add comment can have general discussion with
another user and another is administrator (has an authentication)
who will manage or control the website and other user (no
authentication required) can only view and search.
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The website consists of basic pages from which the
user can view and know the relevant information like
history, upcoming. In other case, the administrator
manages all the relevant actions for which the users
can view properly and also make reports.
The model for this project is similar to the link
(http://business.timesonline.co.in.uk) as given
and for quick development and ease of use we selected
to implement Drupal. In this project Drupal is
installed over xampp. As we did not how to use and
setup Drupal, we had learned it from the given links
below:
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CHAP
TER-2
REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
2. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
The purpose of SRS (Software Requirement
Specification) document is to describe the external
behavior of the web based newspaper. It defines the
operations, performance and interfaces and quality
assurance requirement of the web based newspaper.
The complete software requirements for the system are
captured by the SRS (Software Requirement
Specification).
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Functional Requirements:
For documenting the functional requirements, the set
of functionalities supported by the system are to be
specified. A function can be specified by identifying
the state at which the data is to be input to the system,
its input data domain, the output data domain, and the
type of processing to be carried on the input data to
obtain the output data.
Basically the management parts are the functional
requirements which are uploading details, search topic,
edit option and user registration.
R1: Uploading Item
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Description: Uploading function can be done by the
user who has registered on the website. When the
user uploads an item and if it is a news item or forum
is determined and edited by the administrators or
editors and then it is displayed on the home page. A
registered user can also add comment on other news
as well.
R1.1: Select upload option.
Input: Upload item option.
Output:User will be prompted to enter the upload type.
R1.2: Select the type of item.
Input: Users option
from one of
the
following
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R1.2.1 News
item
R1.2.2
Forum
item
R1.2.3
Comm
ent
item
Output:User will be prompted to enter item details
according to the above item.
R1.3: Check to display
Input: Check whether the item is visible for the
masses.
Output: We will be prompted to display item.
R1.4: Display the item
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Input:Edit the news item.
Output: The item is displayed on the screen.
Processing:It is controlled by the editor and which
checks whether the uploaded item is fit for the mass or
not if it is then it display on screen if not then it is
edited to make it visible for the mass then display on
the screen of the website.
R2: Search topic
Description: Search function does not require any
authentication from its user so any user can perform
this function. If an user searches for a news item then
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the news will be displayed on the screen if it related to
the search topic.
R2.1: Select search option
Input: Search option.
Output: User will be prompted to enter the search
topic.
R2.2: Check for the search topic
Input: Checks for the search topic related item.
Output: We will be prompted to display the items.
R2.3 Display the item
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Input: Enter topic related to item.
Output: Display the item.
Processing: It checks for any item related to the search
topic and displays it on the screen and if there is no
item related to the topic is present then it will pop as no
related item.
R3: Edit topic
Description:Edit function can be done by only
administrator or editor. Any uploaded item is examined
and edited by administrator so it can be allowed to
display to mass.
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R3.1: Select edit option
Input:Edit option.
Output:User will prompted to edit the uploaded item.
R4: User registration
Description:Registration is allowed to the users who
are not registered yet (unregistered users) and
completion of this function they can also upload items.
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R4.1: Select register option
Input:Register option.
Output: User will prompted to write a user name,
email id, and password.
R4.2: Check for validity
Input: Checks whether any other registered users have
same information.
Output: We will be prompted to register successfully
if it has different information or else its rejected.
Processing: It checks if the information submitted
about the new user is similar
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to any other registered
user if yes it rejects the user information if no then
new user will be registered successfully.
Non-functional Requirements:
These are the requirements that are not functional in
nature. Especially these are the constraints the system
must work within.
Performance Requirements: The system
response time must be less than 30 seconds for
the user interface. Or else the system will show
TIMED OUT.
Reliability Requirements: The system shall
have a minimum uptime of 99 % excluding time
pre-scheduled for maintenance and/or upgrades.
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Safety Requirements: All the system data must
be backed up every day and the backup copies
stored in another server at different location for
disaster recovery.
Quality Attributes: The source code for the system is
well documented for ease of maintenance and
upgrading the system in future.
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CHA
PTE
R-3
DESIGN
3. DESIGN
Design phase deals with transforming the
requirements, as described in the SRS document, into
a form that is implemented using a programming
language. The various designs of this system are
shown as following:
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1. Data Flow Diagram:
Data Flow diagram is a graphical representation of
flow of data throughout the information system. Data
outputs.
flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a
Name Notation Role
system in terms of inputs and
Process Transforms incoming data flow to output
data flow
Data Store Repositories of data in the system.
Dataflow Dataflow are pipelines through which
packets of information flow.
External Entity External entities are objects outside the
system, with which the system communicates
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Publish News Account Details
Account Details Add Comments
0.0 Users
Administrator News Details Feedback
Web Based
User details Newspaper General Discussion
Content Details
Edit Info. View Search
Other Users
FIGURE 3.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM
1.1
Upload item
Upload info.
1.6
Other user Search info.
activity
1.2 1.4
Display info.
User activity
Manage detail
Edit info.
1.5
Admin activity Manage info. User info. Acc. info
Acc. info 1.3
Register
Save data
Data base
FIGURE 3.2 LEVEL 1DFD
Data Dictionary:
News Details :{Sports News + Education
News + Business news} User Details :
{ User Id + Email Id + Password}
Content Details: {Email Id + Message}
Account Details :{ User+ Old
Password + New Password}
Feedback :{ Name+ Email+ Message}
View Detail :{ Headlines +
Previous News} Search
Detail: {Topic + News}
2. Entity Relationship Diagram:
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FIGURE 3.3 ER DIAGRAM
3. Use case diagram:
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FIGURE 3.4 USECASE DIAGRAM
CHAPTER-4
IMPLEMENTATION
4. IMPLEMETATION
Implementation or execution in any project is done when the
project planning is complete as detailed as possible.
In this phase it monitors everything that could jeopardize the
project or part of it in another words the theory is being tested by
implementation to make sure the data in the system changes
according to the plan.
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In order to keep track of project plan and keep ourselves in
control all the tool and steps involved are applied by the project
manager. Steps in which all the tools are used:
Take action according to plan
Record and document all the work, changes & results
Analyze the result of action or changes made according to
the plan
The steps involved here in this particular phase are:
Installation of Hardware and Software
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Conversion of data
System Training
Documentation of the system
Installation of hardware and software:Before implementation
the hardware and the software required for debugging the
system should be made fully operativeso the translation can
occur smoothly which is one of the most critical and costly
activities in the system development life cycle.
Conversion of data: As the old system is converted into new
system similarly the data from the old system should also be
converted to run in the new system with in new format. I this
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step the recovery procedures are needed to be fully defined and
also the database isconfigured with security.
System training: All the programs of the system are loaded
onto the computer systems of the user during this step. After
loading the system we check by whether the project is under the
control of the user and works according to the plan.
To confirm the above sentence we need to complete the
following steps:
To execute the package
To pass the data
To process the data
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To take out the reports/records
As the new system is completely trained about the computerized
system then the working is also change from manual to
computerized working andthe process is called Changeover .
There are few strategies whichdescribed for changeover of the
system bellow:
1. Direct changeover
2. Parallel run
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3. Pilot run
(i) Direct Changeover:Thenewsystem needs complete training
and testing when it completely replaced on the old system due to
uncertain approach of the system.
(ii)Parallel run:When computerized and manual systems are
implemented simultaneously for some defined periodthen the
same information is processed by both the systems. This strategy
is costly but not very risky.
This is very costly because:
Manual results can be compared with the results of the
computerized system.
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The operational work can be doubled.
Failure of the computerized system at the early stage does not
change the working of the organization, because the manual
system goes on, as it used to do.
(iii)Pilot run:The data and information in pilot run of the new
system is put into run for the whole or part of the system from
one or more of the preceding periods. The outcomes at this
stage are compared with the old system results. In this strategy
the errors are found easily and also it builds confidence.
Documentation of the system:This is also one of the
mainactivities in the system development life cycle. This ensures
the stability and continuity of the system. There are basically 2
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types of documentation. These are: User or Operator
Documentation and System Documentation
The user documentation is a complete explanation of the system
from the end users point of view how to use or operate the
system. Itcontains the major error messages likely to be run into
by the users. The system documentation comprises the details of
system design, programs,
Coding, system flow, data dictionary, etc. This helps to realize
the system and permit changes to be made in the existing system
to fulfill new user needs
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TECHNOLOGIES USED
SQL SERVER
In this project Microsoft SQL Server is used which is a
relational database management system developed by
Microsoft. SQL Server Express is a cost free and very easy-to-
use which is based on SQL Server 2005 technology. It is
designed to deliver a platform for its use with superior ease. It
enables fast deployments for its objectives and its use begins
with a simple and robust graphical user interface (GUI).GUI
guides the user throughout the installation process and its
toolsare emanate for SQL Server Express which includes SQL
Server Management Studio Express Edition, Surface Area
Configuration Tool and SQL Server Configuration Manager.
These tools abridge the basic database operations.
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CODING
The objective of coding phase for a given design is to
implement the design in best way possible. In this phase
design of the system is translated into code in a
programming language. The coding phase affects the
maintenance and testing phase of the system development
life cycle process. Testing and maintenance effort reduces
if the code is well written.
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Since the testing and maintenance cost of software are
much expensive than the coding cost, the goal of coding
should be to reduce the testing and maintenance effort.
Hence, during coding the emphasis must be on
developing programs which are easy to write. Simplicity
and clarity should beachieved, during the coding phase.
In this project HTML, CSS, PHP, & C# codes are used
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the main markup
language for displaying web pages and other information
that can be displayed in web browser. HTML written in
the form of the HTML elements consisting of tags
enclosed in angle brackets with in the web page content.
The purpose of the web browser is to read HTML
documents and compose them into visible web pages.The
browser never displays the HTML tags these tags are used
to interpret the content of the pages.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is refered to define the
appearance andlayout of text and other material. CSS is
encouraged to be used over explicitly presentational
HTML markup.
JavaScript is embed script in language which affect the
behavior of HTML web pages.
PHP is an embedded HTML scripting language and also a
general purpose server side scripting language originally
designed for web development to produce dynamic web
pages. The cod is interpreted by a web server with a PHP
processor module which generates te resulting web page.
Software that uses PHP includes Joomla, Wordpresss, and
Drupal.Software that used in this project is Drupal.
PHP allows the user to:
Reduces the time to create large websites.
Creates a customized user experience for visitors
based on the information gathered from them.
Open up possibilities for online tools.
Allow creating of shopping carts for e-commerce
websites.
RESULTS AND SCREEN SHOTS
After going through all the phases of System
Development Life Cycle of this project, the portal is
designed successfully.
The below figures are the screenshots of that portal given
as
HOME PAGE:
Below is the snap shot of the home page before login on this
page we can see all the news.
FIGURE 4.1 HOME PAGE
HEADLINES:
Below shows the snapshot of all the headlines on the main news
around the world after login of users.
FIGURE 4.2 HEADLINES
INDIAN NEWS:
Below shows the snapshot of a news page which covers a news
about indian politics, election and business news etc.
FIGURE 4.3 INDIAN NEWS
SPORTS:
Below shows the snapshot of sports news page which displays
all news related to sports
FIGURE 4.4
SPORTS
BOLLYWOOD:
Below shows the snapshot of bollywood page which displays the
news about bollywood.
FIGURE 4.5 BOLLYWOOD
CHAPTER-5
TESTING
5. TESTING
Testing phase is a very important for a successful
system. In this phase before implementing the new
system into operation, for eliminating bugs a test run of
the system is done. After completing codes for the
whole programs of the system, a test plan should be
developed and run one given set of test data.
Using the test data subsequent test run are carried out:
Unit testing: It is a method by which individual units of
source code, sets of one or more program modules
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collectively with associated control data, usage
procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to
determine whether they are fit for use. Intuitively, one
can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an
application. In procedural programming a unit can be an
entire module but is more commonly an individual
function. In object-oriented programming a unit is an
entire interface but could be an individual method. Unit
test is created by programmers or by white box
testersduring the development process.
Each test case is independent from the others:
substitutes like method stubs, mock objectscan be used
to assist testing a module in isolation. Unit tests are
typically written and run by software developers to
ensure that code meets its design and behaves as
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intended. Its implementation can vary from being very
manual to being formalized as part of build automation.
Integration testing: It is the phase in software testing in
which individual software modules are combined and
tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before
validation testing.
Integration testing takes as its input modules that have
been unit tested, groups them in larger
aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test
plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the
integrated system ready for system testing .
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Program test:After the programs have been coded,
compiled andcarried out to working conditions, they
must be independently tested with the prepared test
data. Any unwanted happening should be notedand
debugged.
System Test:When the program test for each of the
programs of the system is written and errors are
removed then system test iscomplete. Atthis stage the
test is done on actual data. The complete system is put
into execution on the actual data. At every stage of the
execution, the output of the system is studied. During
theoutcome analysis, it may be found that the outputs
are not matching the estimated output of the system. In
such situation, the bugs or errors in the particular
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programs are recognized and are fixed and further
verified for the expected output.
When it is confirmed that the system is running error-
free, the users are called with their own real data so that
the system could bepresented running as per their
requirements.
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CHAPTER-6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
After processing through all phases of the system
development life cycle, the portal is developed. In future it
will be hosted on the internet server which will be accessed by
all people in the world and can view the site and learn as
much as news and information about the world. The
Administrator or editor who will be assigned for editing or
managing or controlling will be given the secure login
information and will change or modify the website as per the
requirements.
Also in future we can add more features to support ipads,
iphone and other electronic devices.
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REFERENCES
REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Software Engineering,Rajiv Mall,New
Delhi: PHI Learning limited, 2003
2. Paul Nielsen, SQL Server 2005 Bible. Paul Nielsen, New
Delhi: Wiley, 2006
3. HTML, and CSS Bible. Bill Karow, Chuck White, Steven
M. Schafer Bryan Pfaffenberger, New York: Wiley 2004
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