LAB MANUAL

Of
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Prepared By: Asst. Prof. J.N.Vala

 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

INDEX

Sr. TITLE
No.
1 BASIC MATLAB COMMANDS
2 TO GENERATE Sin-Cos SIGNALS
3 TO GANERATE RAMP SIGNAL
4 TO GENERATE DELAYED RAMP SIGNAL
5 TO GENERATE UNIT STEP SIGNAL
6 TO GENERATE EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
7 TO GENERATE CIRCLE
8 TO GENERATE OVERDAMPPED & UNDERDAPPED OSCILLATION
9 TO SIMULATE AM, FM, PM USING SIMULINK
10 TO GENERATE CONTINUOUS AND SAMPLED SIGNAL WITH
HOLDING FUNCTION

Prepared By: Asst. Prof. J.N.Vala

 EXPERIMENT 1 BASIC MATLAB COMMANDS
>> a=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]

a=

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

This forms a 3X3 matrix labeled as a

>> b=a'

b=

1 4 7

2 5 8

3 6 9

The transpose of matrix a is stored in matrix b

>> c=b*a

c=

66 78 90

78 93 108

90 108 126

Multiplies matrix b with a stores in c

>> c=a*b

c=

14 32 50

32 77 122

50 122 194

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Multiplies matrix a with b stores in c

>> a=[1 2 3 4 5]

a=

1 2 3 4 5

One dimensional array is defined as a

>> b=a+3

b=

4 5 6 7 8

3 is added to each element of a

>> c=a+b

c=

5 7 9 11 13

Both array a and b are stored in c

>> eye(3)

ans =

1 0 0

0 1 0

0 0 1

Identical matrix formed

>> eye(5)

ans =

1 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 1 0
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 0 0 0 0 1

5X5 identical matrix formed

>> zeros(4,4)

ans =

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

4X4 matrix with all elements 0

>> ones(4,3)

ans =

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

4X3 matrix with all elements 1

>> [eye(2);zeros(2)]

ans =

1 0

0 1

0 0

0 0

Identical matrix is appended with 2X2 zero matrix

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>> [eye(2),zeros(2)]

ans =

1 0 0 0

0 1 0 0

Identical matrix is appended with the 2X2 zeros matrix and 2X4 matrix is formed

>> a=[1 2 3;4 5 6;7 8 9]

a=

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

This forms a 3X3 matrix labeled as a

>> a(2,1)

ans =

This gives the value of 2nd row and 1st column element

>> a(1,2)

ans =

This gives the value of 1st row and 2nd column element

>> c=[a;10 11 12]

c=

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9
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 10 11 12

It appends a row in the matrix a

>> [a;a;a]

ans =

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

This appends a to itself one after another and forms 9X3 matrix

>> [a,a;a,a]

ans =

1 2 3 1 2 3

4 5 6 4 5 6

7 8 9 7 8 9

1 2 3 1 2 3

4 5 6 4 5 6

7 8 9 7 8 9

This appends matrix a on both the directions and forms 6X6 matrix

>> f=[0.5 0.47 0.1]

f=
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 0.5000 0.4700 0.1000

It defines a row matrix with non integer elements

>> round(f)

ans =

1 0 0

It assigns the nearest integer value

>> ceil(f)

ans =

1 1 1

It assigns the highest integer value

>> sum(f)

ans =

1.0700

Sum of all elements stored in matrix

>> fix(f)

ans =

0 0 0

The integer value is stored and the decimal value is discarded

>> floor(f)

ans =

0 0 0

It stores the lower nearest integer value

>> [1 2 3 4].*[1 2 3 4]

ans =

1 4 9 16
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It directly multiplies each element of 1st matrix with 2nd matrix

>> [1 2 3 4]+[1 2 3 4]

ans =

2 4 6 8

It directly adds each element of 1st matrix with 2nd matrix

>> [1 2 3 4].^3

ans =

1 8 27 64

It makes cube of each elements of row matrix

>> [1 2 3 4]*3

ans =

3 6 9 12

It multiplies each elements of row matrix with 3.

>> pi

ans =

3.1416

The value of pi is displayed

>> eps

ans =

2.2204e-016

The value of e is displayed

>> who

Your variables are:

a b c f

ans
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Displays all variables used

>> clear a

Your variables are:

ans b c f

Clear the variable a

>> clear all

Clears all the variables

>> x = -2:1

x=

-2 -1 0 1

It forms series of integer from -2 to 1 with unit difference

>> x=[1 2 3 4 6 7]

x=

1 2 3 4 6 7

>> length(x)

ans =

It gives length of series

>> t=0:2:10

t=

0 2 4 6 8 10

It gives series from 0 to 10 with difference of 2

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>> a=magic(3)

a=

8 1 6

3 5 7

4 9 2

>> a(2,:)

ans =

3 5 7

It displays 2nd row with all elements

>> a(:,3)

ans =

It displays 3rd column with all elements

>> a(2:3,:)

ans =

3 5 7

4 9 2

It displays 2nd and 3rd row with all elements

>> b=rand(5)

b=

0.9501 0.7621 0.6154 0.4057 0.0579

0.2311 0.4565 0.7919 0.9355 0.3529

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 0.6068 0.0185 0.9218 0.9169 0.8132

0.4860 0.8214 0.7382 0.4103 0.0099

0.8913 0.4447 0.1763 0.8936 0.1389

It generates a random 5X5 matrix

>> c=100*rand(3)

c=

20.2765 27.2188 74.6786

19.8722 19.8814 44.5096

60.3792 1.5274 93.1815

It multiplies each element of random matrix with 100

>> [eye(2);zeros(2);zeros(2)]

ans=

1 0
0 1
0 0
0 0

0 0

0 0

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 EXPERIMENT 2 TO GENERATE Sin-Cos SIGNALS

clc;

clear all;

f=input('enter the freq.:');

t=0:1/(100*f):(8/f);

x=sin(2*pi*f*t);

y=cos(2*pi*f*t);

subplot(2,1,1);

plot(t,x);

subplot(2,1,2);

plot(t,y);

xlabel('Time');

ylabel('Amplitude');

enter the freq.:20

>>

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0.5

-0.5

-1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

0.5
Amplitude

-0.5

-1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Time

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 EXPERIMENT 3 TO GANERATE RAMP SIGNAL

clc;

clear all;

a=input('enter the value:');

n=0:1:a-1;

g=length(n);

x=n;

subplot(2,1,1);

plot(n,x);

subplot(2,1,2);

stem(n,x);

xlabel('Samples');

ylabel('Amplitude');

------------

enter the value:15

15

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

15
Amplitude

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Samples

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 EXPERIMENT 4 TO GENERATE DELAYED RAMP

SIGNAL
clc;

clear all;

a=input('enter the value:');

d=input('enter the delay:');

n=1:1:a;

for i=1:1:d

x(i)=0;

end

for i=d:1:a

x(i)=i-d;

end

subplot(2,1,1);

plot(n,x);

subplot(2,1,2);

stem(n,x);

xlabel('Sample');

ylabel('Amplitude');

enter the value:15

enter the delay:3

>>

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 15

10

0
0 5 10 15

15

10
Amplitude

0
0 5 10 15
Sample

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 EXPERIMENT 5 TO GENERATE UNIT STEP SIGNAL

clc;

clear all;

a=input('enter the value:');

n=0:1:a-1;

g=length(n);

q=[ones(1,g)+ones(1,g)];

subplot(2,1,1);

plot(n,q);

subplot(2,1,2);

stem(n,q);

xlabel('Samples');

ylabel('Amplitude');

enter the value:10

>>

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2.5

1.5

1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1.5
Amplitude

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Samples

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 EXPERIMENT 6 TO GENERATE EXPONENTIAL

FUNCTION
clc;

clear all;

close all;

k=input('Enter the slope :');

t=0:0.01:k-1;

n=exp(10*t);

plot(t,n);

Enter the slope :1.5

>>

150

100

50

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

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 EXPERIMENT 7 TO GENERATE CIRCLE

clc;

clear all;

close all;

theta=0:0.01:100;

r=input('enterthe radius:');

x=r*cos(theta);

y=r*sin(theta);

plot(x,y);

grid;

--------------

enterthe radius:15

>>

15

10

-5

-10

-15
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

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 EXPERIMENT 8 TOGENERATEOVERDAMPPED&
UNDERDAPPEDOSCILLATION
(1) OVERDAPPED

clc;

clearall;

closeall;

a=input('Enterthevariable:');

t=0:1:100;

x=sin(t);

y=exp(a*t);

z=x.*y;

plot(t,z);

xlabel('Time');

ylabel('Amplitude');

title('OverdmppedOscillations');

grid;

Enterthevariable:0.05

>>

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 Overdmpped Oscillations
150

100

50
Amplitude

-50

-100

-150
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time

(2) UNDERDAPPED

clc;

clearall;

closeall;

a=input('Enterthevariable:');

t=0:1:100;

x=sin(t);

y=exp(a*t);

z=x.*y;

plot(t,z);

xlabel('Time');
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ylabel('Amplitude');

title('UnderdmppedOscillations');

grid;

Enterthevariable:0.05

>>

Underdmpped Oscillations
1

0.8

0.6

0.4
Amplitude

0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time

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 EXPERIMENT 9 TO SIMULATE AM, FM, PM

USING SIMULINK
9(a)ToproduceAMmodulationsystemusingSimulink.

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9(b)ToproduceAMdemodulationsystemusingSimulink.

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9(c)ToproduceFMmodulationsystemusingSimulink.

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9(d)ToproduceFMdemodulationsystemusingSimulink.

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9(e)ToproducePMmodulationsystemusingSimulink.

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9(f)ToproducePMDemodulationsystemusingSimulink.

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 EXPERIMENT 10 TO GENERATE CONTINUOUS AND

SAMPLED SIGNAL WITH HOLDING
FUNCTION

clc;

clearall;

t=0:0.5:25;

y=sin(t);

plot(t,y);

title('SINEWAVE&SAMPLEDOUTPUT');

xlabel('TIME');

ylabel('AMPLITUDE');

holdon;

stem(t,y);

holdon;

stairs(t,y);

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