Alternative

Fuels Data Center Fuel Properties Comparison

Compressed Liquefied
Low Sulfur
Gasoline/E10 Biodiesel Propane (LPG) Natural Gas Natural Gas Ethanol/E100 Methanol Hydrogen Electricity
Diesel
(CNG) (LNG)
Chemical C4 to C12 and C8 to C25 Methyl esters C3H8 (majority) CH4 (majority), CH4 same as CH3CH2OH CH3OH H2 N/A
Structure [1] Ethanol 10% of C12 to C22 and C4H10 C2H6 and inert CNG with
fatty acids (minority) gases inert gasses
<0.5% (r)
Fuel Material Crude Oil Crude Oil Fats and oils A by-product Underground Underground Corn, grains, or Natural gas, Natural gas, Coal, nuclear,
(feedstocks) from sources of petroleum reserves and reserves and agricultural coal, or, methanol, natural gas,
such as soy refining or renewable renewable waste woody and hydroelectric,
beans, waste natural gas biogas biogas (cellulose) biomass electrolysis of and small
cooking oil, processing water percentages
animal fats, of wind and
and rapeseed solar

Gasoline 97% - 100% 1 gallon of B100 has 103% 1 gallon of 5.66 pounds or 5.38 pounds 1 gallon of E85 1 gallon of 1 kg or 2.198 33.70 kWh
Gallon diesel has of the energy propane has 123.57 cu ft. of of LNG has has 73% to methanol has lbs. of H2 has has 100% of
Equivalent [4] 113% of the in one gallon of 73% of the CNG has 100% 100% of one 83% of the 49% of the 100% of the the energy of
energy of one gasoline or energy of one of the energy gallon of energy of one energy of one energy of one one gallon of
gallon of 93% of the gallon of of one gallon gasoline and gallon of gallon of gallon of gasoline.
gasoline. energy of one gasoline. of gasoline. 6.06 pounds gasoline gasoline. gasoline.
gallon of [2][5](q) of LNG has (variation due
diesel. B20 has 100% of the to ethanol
109% of the 6.38 pounds or energy of one content in
energy of one 139.30 cu ft. of gallon of E85). 1 gallon
gallon of CNG has 100% diesel (r) of E10 has
gasoline or of the energy 96.7% if the
99% of the content of one energy of one
energy of one gallon of diesel gallon of
gallon of [2][5](q) gasoline. [3]
diesel.
Energy 112,114 - 128,488 119,550 84,250 Btu/gal 20,160 Btu/lb 21,240 Btu/lb 76,330 Btu/gal 57,250 51,585 Btu/lb 3,414
Content 116,090 Btu/gal (g) Btu/gal for (g) [2](q) (r) for E100 (g) Btu/gal (g) (g) Btu/kWh
(Lower Btu/gal (g) B100 (g)
heating
value)

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 Alternative Fuels Data Center Fuel Properties Comparison

Compressed Liquefied
Low Sulfur
Gasoline/E10 Biodiesel Propane (LPG) Natural Gas Natural Gas Ethanol/E100 Methanol Hydrogen Electricity
Diesel
(CNG) (LNG)
Energy 120,388 - 138,490 127,960 91,420 Btu/gal 22,453Btu/lb 23,726 Btu/lb 84,530 Btu/gal 65,200 61,013 Btu/lb 3,414
Content 124,340 Btu/gal (g) Btu/gal for (g) [1](g) (g) for E100 (g) Btu/gal (g) (g) Btu/kWh
(Higher Btu/gal (g) B100 (g)
heating
value)
Physical State Liquid Liquid Liquid Pressurized Compressed Cryogenic Liquid Liquid Compressed Electricity
Liquid Gas Liquid Gas or Liquid
Cetane N/A 40-55 (a) 48-65 (a) N/A N/A N/A 0-54 (b) N/A N/A N/A
Number
Pump Octane 84-93 (c) N/A N/A 105 (f) 120+ (d) 120+ (d) 110 (e) 112 (e) 130+ (f) N/A
Number

Flash Point -45 F (o) 165 F (o) 212 to 338 F -100 to -150 F -300 F (o) -306 F (p) 55 F (o) 52 F (o) N/A N/A
(a) (o)
Autoignition 495 F (o) ~600 F (o) ~300 F (a) 850 to 950 F 1,004 F (o) 1,004 F (p) 793 F (o) 897 F (o) 1,050 to N/A
Temperature (o) 1,080 F (o)

Maintenance Hoses and High-pressure LNG is stored Special Special When It is likely that
Issues seals may be tanks require in cryogenic lubricants may lubricants hydrogen is the battery
affected by periodic tanks with a be required. must be used used in fuel will need
higher-percent inspection and specific hold Practices are as directed by cell replacement
blend. Lubricity certification. time before very similar, if the supplier applications, before the
is improved the pressure not identical, and M-85- maintenance vehicle is
over that of build is to those for compatible should be retired.
conventional relieved, the conventionally replacement very minimal.
diesel fuel. vehicle fueled parts must be High-pressure
should be operations. used. tanks require
operated on a periodic
schedule to inspection
maintain a and
lower certification.
pressure in
the tank.

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 Alternative Fuels Data Center Fuel Properties Comparison

Compressed Liquefied
Low Sulfur
Gasoline/E10 Biodiesel Propane (LPG) Natural Gas Natural Gas Ethanol/E100 Methanol Hydrogen Electricity
Diesel
(CNG) (LNG)
Energy Manufactured Manufactured Biodiesel is Approximately CNG is LNG is Ethanol is Methanol is Hydrogen is Electricity is
Security using oil, of using oil, of domestically half of the LPG domestically domestically produced domestically produced generated
Impacts which nearly which nearly produced, in the U.S. is produced from produced domestically. produced, domestically mainly
1/2 is imported 1/2 is imported renewable, derived from natural gas and from natural E85 reduces sometimes and can be through coal
(n). (n). and reduces oil, but no oil is renewable gas and lifecycle from produced fired power
petroleum use imported biogas. The renewable petroleum use renewable from plants. Coal is
95% specifically for United States biogas. by 70% and resources. renewable the United
throughout its LPG has vast E10 reduces sources. States most
lifecycle (i). production. natural gas petroleum use plentiful and
reserves. by 6.3% (l). price-stable
fossil energy
resource.