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First Aid Guide for Poisoning & Injuries

This document provides guidance on first aid responses for various medical emergencies, including poisoning, head and spinal injuries, fractures, strains and sprains, medical conditions like strokes and seizures, and environmental emergencies. It outlines steps to identify the type of poisoning or injury, assess the situation, provide initial care, and determine when medical help is needed. Key actions include not inducing vomiting for poisoning, calling poison control centers, immobilizing fractures and sprains, monitoring vital signs, and preventing further injury or complications until emergency medical assistance arrives.

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Michelle Requejo
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139 views5 pages

First Aid Guide for Poisoning & Injuries

This document provides guidance on first aid responses for various medical emergencies, including poisoning, head and spinal injuries, fractures, strains and sprains, medical conditions like strokes and seizures, and environmental emergencies. It outlines steps to identify the type of poisoning or injury, assess the situation, provide initial care, and determine when medical help is needed. Key actions include not inducing vomiting for poisoning, calling poison control centers, immobilizing fractures and sprains, monitoring vital signs, and preventing further injury or complications until emergency medical assistance arrives.

Uploaded by

Michelle Requejo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Still refer to your manual for these are only additional notes.

March 17, 2017

POISONING
Ingested Poison
- could be intentional (ex: overdosing on vitamin C for abortion) or unintentional
- may cause memory loss, seizure
- 30 seconds to scan the area [look for the possible cause of poisoning, containers
of a substance etc]
- if the victim is conscious chech his/her alertness or response to voice and eye
movement
- do rapid assessment (dcap-btls)
- Find out:
name, location, substance ingested, time, condition
- Call poison center (NPMCC - 524-1078)
- DO NOT INDUCE VOMITTING
- Place in recovery position LEFT SIDE LYING (the absorption time of the poison by
the body will be lessened)

Inhaled Poison
Some signs and symptoms
- difficulty of breathing
- paleness
- teary eye

Injected poison
- Enters the body through bites, stings, and needle directly into the b;oodstream

Snakebite
- First, take a picture or video (this is necessary for the identification of the
species of the snake, different antivenom applies to different species)
- Tourniquet (constricting the circulation, 2-4 hrs before nerves die)
o Not usually used in an urban setting
o Is advised to use when a hospital is too far
- Clean the bite with soap and water
- Put elastic bandage of the bite mark
- Care for shock (decreasing temperature could lead to shock)

Bee stings
- Remove stinger with forceps or a card (scrap)
- Check vitals every 15 minutes normal person, critical: check every 5 mins
- Call

Poisonous spines marine life


- if vinegar is unavailable use sea water
- do not remove spines, let it dissolve in the vinegar

Absorbed Poison
Jellyfish stings
-wash out wounds with vinegar or sea water
- keep patient warm (care for shock

Poisonous plant
-

HEAD AND SPINE INJURIES


TYPES
- Head injury trauma to skull, visible
- Concussion internal bleeding
- Spinal injury paralyzation, respiratory dysfunction
Cervical C-5 to C-7
Thoracis T-12
Lumbar: L-1

- Care: AVOID MOVEMENT

BONES, JOINTS, AND MUSCLE INJURIES


TYPES:
Strain: muscle; overwork
Sprain: ligament, joints, tendons
Dislocation
Fracture: complete or incomplete

STRAIN SPRAIN
A A
MUSCLE LIGAMENT
A A

First aid management


- R rest
Choeck of PMS (PERFUSION-bloodflow, motor-CNS, sensory)
- I immobilize
- C old
- E elevate

If conscious:
Check pulse: radial pulse, baby: brachial pulse

MEDICAL EMERGENCIES
Stroke:
1. Ischemic - clotting
2. Hemorrhagic due to rupture, high blood there is leakage
3. Transcient ischemic attack (TIA) mild stroke

TIME IS CRUCIAL

DIABETIC EMERGENCIES
Type I:
Type II:

Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia

SEIZURES
Stages:
Aura
Ictus Tonic, clonic
Post ictal

ANAPHYLAXIS

FAINTING

ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES
Heat-related emergency
- Heat Cramps
- Heat Exhaustion
- Heat Stroke
Have the victim rest
Encourage heat loss
Assess ABC, LOC, VS
Take sponge bath (cool)
Encourage safety
Rehydrate
Seek medical help
ORS: oral rehydration solution
1L water + 8 tbsp sugar + 1 tbsp salt = 5 cups
1 glass water + 1tsp sugar + 1 pinch salt

Cold-related emergency
- Hypothermia
Check ABC
Offer blanket
Observe LOC, VS
Ensure safety
Refer to physician
Shock care
*do not give alcohol and or caffeine this will cause rapid heartbeat

DO NOT WARM OR COOL THE PERSON TOO QUICKLY


SPECIAL SITUATIONS
Emergency Childbirth
Position the mother
Inspect birth canal
Deliver the baby
Clamping of the cord (2 clamps: 6 inches from the baby & 2-4 inches from
first clamp)
Delivery of placenta
Care for mother, child, and placenta

*put placenta in plastic


*wrap baby with a clean cloth
*DO NOT CUT THE CORD. It will be cut by doctors in a hospital.
Aquatic emergencies
Splinting

Carrying methods

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