APPENDIX B

NERACA PANAS

Basis 1 jam operasi.

1. TANGKI PENAMPUNG SEMENTARA (F 140)
Panas Masuk
Bin Penampung Katalis 30oC Recycle
108,5oC
o
Tangki 30 C TANGKI
penampung PENAMPUNG Preheater
SEMENTARA
toluene (FF) 76,79oC

- Dari (F 110)
T masuk = 30oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 27,5oC
Cp C6H5CH3 = 0,440 kkal/kgoC (Pustaka 31, 3-
138)
Q C6H5CH3 = (595,744)(0,440)(30-25)
= 1310,6368 kkal
- Katalis
T masuk = 30oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 27,5oC
Cp katalis = 0,020 kkal/kgoC (Pustaka 31, 3-
130)
Q katalis = (0,0858)(0,020)(30-25)
= 0,00858 kkal
- Produk Atas Kolom Distilasi (recycle)
T masuk = 108,5oC

B-1
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 66,75oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
Cp C6H5CH3 = 0,440 (Pustaka 31, 3-
138)
Cp C6H5COOH = 0,424 (Pustaka 19, 422)
Panas Bahan Masuk (kkal) :
C6H5CH3 = (871,606)(0,440)(108,525) = 32022,8044 kkal
C6H5COOH = (7,858)(0,424)(108,5-25) = 278,2046 kkal
Total panas bahan masuk = 33611,6544 kkal
Mencari suhu keluar larutan campuran
(595,744)(0,440)(t-30) + (0,0858)(0,020)(t-30) = (871,606)(0,440)(108,5-t) +
(7,858)(0,424)(108,5-t)
262,1274 t 7863,8208 + 0,0017 t 0,05148 = 41610,4704 383,5066 t +
361,4994 3,3318 t
648,9675 t = 49835,8421
t = 76,79oC
Panas Keluar
- Ke (E 122)
T keluar = 76,79oC
T reference = 25 oC
T rata-rata = 50,895oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,440 (Pustaka 31, 3-138)
C6H5COOH = 0,424 (Pustaka 19, 422)
Katalis = 0,020 (Pustaka 31, 3-130)
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = (1467,350)(0,440)(76,79-25) = 33438,0084 kkal
C6H5COOH = (7,858)(0,424)(76,79-25) = 173,5571 kkal
Katalis = (0,0858)(0,020)(76,79-25) = 0,0889 kkal
Total Panas Keluar (kkal) = 33611,6544 kkal

B-2
NERACA PANAS TANGKI PENAMPUNG SEMENTARA
Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5CH3 (FF) 1310,6368 C6H5CH3 33438,0084
C6H5CH3 (recycle) 32022,8044 C6H5COOH 173,5571
C6H5COOH 278,2046 Co-Naphtenate 0,0889
(recycle)
Co-Naphtenate 0,00858
Total 33611,6544 Total 33611,6544

2. PREHEATER (E 142)
Steam
282,222oC
Tangki PREHEATER Reaktor
Penampung 110oC
Sementara
76,79oC Condensat
282,222oC
Panas Masuk
- Dari (F 120)
T masuk = 76,79oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 50,895oC
Q bahan = 33611,6544 kkal
Media pemanas : steam
P = 962,5 psig
T = 540oF
= 656,6 Btu/lb (Steam Table)
Panas Keluar
- Ke (R 210)

B-3
T keluar = 110oC
T reference = 25 oC
T rata-rata = 67,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,440 (Pustaka 31, 3-138)
C6H5COOH = 0,424 (Pustaka 19, 422)
Katalis = 0,020 (Pustaka 31, 3-130)
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal) :
C6H5CH3 = (1467,350)(0,440)(110-25) = 54878,89 kkal
C6H5COOH = (7,858)(0,424)(110-25) = 283,20232 kkal
Katalis = (0,0858)(0,020)(110-25) = 0,14586 kkal
Total panas keluar = 55162,23818 kkal
Neraca Panas
panas masuk + Q steam = panas keluar + Q loss
Asumsi : Q loss = 10 % Q steam
33611,6544 + Q steam = 55162,23818 + 0,1 Q steam
0,9 Q steam = 21550,58378
Q steam = 23945,09309 kkal
= 95021,31291 Btu
95021,31291 Btu
Kebutuhan steam = = 144,717 lb
656,6 Btu
lb
NERACA PANAS PREHEATER
Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5CH3 33438,0084 C6H5CH3 54878,89
C6H5COOH 173,5571 C6H5COOH 283,20232
Co-Naphtenate 0,0889 Co-Naphtenate 0,14586
Q steam 23945,09309 Q loss 2394,509309
Total 57556,74749 Total 57556,74749

B-4
3. COOLER (E 152)
Air
Pendingin
30oC
COOLER
Kompressor Reaktor
209,82oC 150oC

Air pendingin
49oC
Udara masuk kompressor pada suhu 30oC (546oR) dan tekanan 1 atm.
Direncanakan, udara keluar kompressor pada tekanan 5,1 atm dan suhu T2.
k 1
P k
T2 = T1 2 (Pustaka 42, pers. 4
P1
37)
Keterangan :
T1 = suhu udara masuk , oR
T2 = suhu udara keluar , oR
P1 = tekanan udara masuk , lb/ft2
P2 = tekanan udara keluar , lb/ft2
K = Cp/Cv = ratio specific heat pada tekanan tetap dan specific heat pada
volume tetap.
= 1,4 (untuk udara) (Pustaka 31, 3 144)
1, 4 1

T2 = 546 10795,68 1, 4

2116,8

= 869,672oR
= 409,672oF
= 209,82oC
Panas Masuk
- Dari (G 131)

B-5
T masuk = 209,82oC = 482,82 K
T reference = 25oC = 298 K
T rata-rata = 117,41oC = 390,41 K
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgK) :
N2 = 0,2461 (Pustaka 31, 3 132)
O2 = 0,2231 (Pustaka 31, 3 132)
Panas Udara Masuk (kkal) :
O2 = (458,696)(0,2231)(482,82-298) = 18913,56904 kkal
N2 = (1509,875)(0,2461)(482,82-298) = 68675,45949 kkal
Total panas udara masuk = 87589,02853 kkal
Panas Keluar
- Ke (R 210)
T keluar = 150oC = 423 K
T reference = 25 oC = 298 K
T rata-rata = 360,5 K
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgK) :
O2 = 0,2162 (Pustaka 31, 3 132)
N2 = 0,2450 (Pustaka 31, 3 132)
Panas Gas Keluar (kkal) :
O2 = (458,696)(0,2162)(423-298) = 12396,2594 kkal
N2 = (1509,875)(0,2450)(423-298) = 46239,92188 kkal
Total panas udara keluar = 58636,18128 kkal
Neraca Panas
panas masuk = panas keluar + panas yang diserap air pendingin + Q loss
Asumsi : Q loss = 10 % panas masuk
Panas yang diserap pendingin :
= 87589,02853 (58636,18128 + 8758,902853)
= 20193,9444 kkal
T air pendingin masuk = 30oC
T air pendingin keluar = 49oC

B-6
 20193,9444
Kebutuhan air pendingin =
1 49 30
= 1062,8392 kg
NERACA PANAS COOLER
Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
O2 18913,56904 O2 12396,2594
N2 68675,45949 N2 46239,92188
Air pendingin 20193,9444
Q loss 8758,902853
Total 87589,02853 Total 87589,02853

4. REAKTOR (R 210) Air Pendingin

Cooler 30oC
150oC Cooler
REAKTOR
150oC
Preheater
110oC Air Pendingin
Panas Reaktan ( HR) 35oC
- Dari (E 122)
T1 = 110oC , T2 = 25oC
C6H5CH3 = - 54878,89 kkal
C6H5COOH = - 283,20232 kkal
Katalis = - 0,14586 kkal
- Dari (E 132)
T1 = 150oC , T2 = 25oC
O2 = - 12396,2594 kkal
N2 = - 46239,92188 kkal
HR = - 54878,89 - 283,20232 - 0,14586 - 12396,2594 - 46239,92188
= - 113798,4195 kkal 150oC
Q
110oC
HR HP

B-7
 25oC HRo 25oC
Panas Reaksi Standar ( HRo)
Reaksi :
3
C6H5CH3 + / 2 O2 C6H5COOH + H2O
Hfo C6H5CH3 = 2,867 kkal/grmol (Pustaka 31, 3 -148)
Hfo O2 =0
Hfo C6H5COOH = - 92,063 kkal/grmol (Pustaka 19, 422)
Hfo H2O = - 57,7979 kkal/grmol (Pustaka 31, 3 150)
C6H5CH3 = C6H5COOH = H2O = 6,37078 kmol = 6370,78 grmol
HRo = 6370,78 92,063 6370,78 57,7979 6370,78 2,867
= 586513,1191 368217,7054 18265,02626
= - 972995,8508 kkal
Panas Produk ( HP)
- Produk cair (ke D 210)
T keluar = 150oC
T reference = 25 oC
T rata-rata = 87,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,440
C6H5COOH = 0,424
Katalis = 0,020
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal) :
C6H5CH3 = (880,410)(0,440)(150-25) = 48422,55 kkal
C6H5COOH = (785,858)(0,424)(150-25) = 41650,474 kkal
Katalis = (0,0858)(0,020)(150-25) = 0,2145 kkal
Total panas bahan keluar = 90073,2385 kkal
- Produk Gas (ke Vent Gas)
T keluar = 150oC = 423 K
T reference = 25 oC = 298 K
T rata-rata = 87,5oC = 360,5 K

B-8
 H2O = 506,262 kkal/kg (Pustaka 40, Steam Table)
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoK) :
N2 = 0,245 (Pustaka 31, 3 132)
O2 = 0,2162 (Pustaka 31, 3 132)
H2O = 0,446 (Pustaka 15, 336)
Panas Gas Keluar (kkal) :
N2 = (1509,875)(0,245)(423-298) = 46239,92188 kkal
O2 = (152,899)(0,2162)(423-298) = 4132,095475 kkal
H2O = (114,737)(0,446)(150-25) +
(114,737)(506,262) = 64483,57084 kkal
Total panas gas keluar = 114855,5882 kkal
HP = 90073,2385 + 114855,5882
= 204928,8267 kkal
Asumsi : tidak ada panas yang hilang
Q = HR + HRo + HP
Q = - 113798,4195 + (- 972995,8508) + 204928,8267
= - 881865,4436 kkal (eksotermis)
Media pendingin : Air
Panas yang diserap air pendingin = 881865,4436 kkal
T air masuk = 30oC
T air keluar = 35oC
881865,4436
Kebutuhan air pendingin =
1 35 30
= 176373,0887 kg

B-9
NERACA PANAS REAKTOR
Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5CH3 54878,89 C6H5CH3 48422,55
C6H5COOH 283,20232 C6H5COOH 41650,474
Co-Naphtenate 0,14586 Co-Naphtenate 0,2145
O2 12396,2594 O2 4132,095475
N2 46239,92188 N2 46239,92188
HRo 972995,8508 H2O 64483,57084
Air pendingin 881865,4436
Total 1086794,27 Total 1086794,27

5. COOLER (E 212)
Air pendingin
30oC
Reaktor Kolom Distilasi
COOLER
150oC 129,5oC

Air pendingin
49oC
Panas Masuk
T masuk = 150oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 87,5oC
Panas Bahan Masuk (dari R 210), kkal :
C6H5CH3 = 48422,55 kkal
C6H5COOH = 41650,474 kkal
Katalis = 0,2145 kkal
Total panas bahan masuk = 90073,2385 kkal
Panas Keluar
T keluar = 129,5oC

B - 10
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 77,25oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,440 (Pustaka 31, 3-138)
C6H5COOH = 0,424 (Pustaka 19, 422)
Katalis = 0,020 (Pustaka 31, 3-130)
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal) :
C6H5CH3 = (880,410)(0,440)(129,5-25) = 40481,2518 kkal
C6H5COOH = (785,858)(0,424)(129,5-25) = 34819,79626 kkal
Katalis = (0,0858)(0,020)(129,5-25) = 0,179322 kkal
Total panas bahan keluar = 75301,22738 kkal
Asumsi : Q loss = 10 % panas masuk
= 0,1 90073,2385
= 9007,32385 kkal
Media pendingin : Air
Panas yang diserap air pendingin :
= 90073,2385 (75301,22738 + 9007,32385)
= 5764,68727 kkal
5764,68727
Kebutuhan air pendingin =
1 49 30
= 303,4046 kg
NERACA PANAS COOLER
Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5CH3 48422,55 C6H5CH3 40481,2518
C6H5COOH 41650,474 C6H5COOH 34819,79626
Co-Naphtenate 0,2145 Co-Naphtenate 0,179322
Q loss 9007,32385
Air pendingin 5764,68727
Total 90073,2385 Total 90073,2385

B - 11
6. KOLOM DISTILASI (D 310)

Neraca Panas Overall :

F . HF + Qr = D . Hd + B . Hb + Qc
Neraca Panas Kondensor :
Qc = V (HV HL)
V = D (R + 1)
Neraca Panas Reboiler :
Qr = V (HV HL)
* Menentukan (F . HF)
Feed masuk pada suhu bubble = 129,5oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 77,25oC
Panas dari (E 211), kkal :
C6H5CH3 = 40481,2518 kkal
C6H5COOH = 34819,79626 kkal
Katalis = 0,179322 kkal
Total panas dari (E 211) = 75301,22738 kkal
Panas masuk (F . HF) = 75301,22738 kkal
* Menentukan HV
T dew point = 134oC

B - 12
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 79,5oC
Distilat kg Cp Fraksi
(kkal/kgoC) (kkal/kg) mol
C6H5CH3 871,606 0,44 86,834 0,9932
C6H5COOH 7,858 0,424 126 0,0068

total = (0,9932 126) = 87,1003 kkal/kg

86,834) + (0,0068
Cp total = (0,9932 0,44) + (0,0068 0,424) = 0,4399 kkal/kgoC
HV = (Cp total t) + total
= {0,4399 (134 - 79,5)} + 87,1003
= 111,07485 kkal/kg
* Menentukan HL dan (D. Hd)
Suhu keluar kondensor = bubble point pada distilat
T bubble point = 108,5oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 66,75oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,440
C6H5COOH = 0,424
Cp total = (0,9932 0,44) + (0,0068 0,424)
= 0,4398912 kkal/kgoC
HL = Cp total t
= 0,4398912 (108,5 25)
= 36,7309 kkal/kg
Panas Distilat (D . Hd), kkal :
C6H5CH3 = 871,606 0,440 (108,5 25) = 32022,80444 kkal
C6H5COOH = 7,858 0,424 (108,5 25) = 278,204632 kkal
Total panas distilat = 32301,0091 kkal
* Menentukan (B . Hb) dan HL
T bubble point = 244,5oC
T reference = 25oC

B - 13
T rata-rata = 134,75oC
Komponen kg Cp
(kkal/kgoC) (kkal/kg)
C6H5CH3 8,804 0,521 86,834
C6H5COOH 778 0,424 126
Katalis 0,0858 0,020 0,064

Panas Bottom (B . Hb), kkal :

C6H5CH3 = 8,804 0,521 (244,5 25) = 1006,821038 kkal
C6H5COOH = 778 0,424 (244,5 25) = 72406,904 kkal
Katalis = 0,0858 0,020 (244,5 25) = 0,376662 kkal
Total panas bottom = 73414,1017 kkal
Cp total = (0,01478 0,521) + (0,98519 0,424) + (3,12.10-5 0,02)
= 0,42542 kkal/kgoC
HL = Cp total (244,5 25) = 93,37969 kkal
* Menentukan HV
Suhu keluar reboiler = dew point produk bawah
T dew point = 252oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 138,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,525
C6H5COOH = 0,424
Katalis = 0,020
total = (0,01478 86,834) + (0,98519 126) + (3,12.10-5 0,064)
= 125,4173 kkal/kg
Cp total = (0,01478 0,525) + (0,98519 0,424) + (3,12.10-5 0,020)
= 0,42548 kkal/kgoC
HV = (Cp total t) + total
= {0,42548 (252 25)} + 125,4173
= 222,00126 kkal/kg
* Menentukan Beban Kondensor (Qc)

B - 14
Dari App. C :
Rop = 0,051534
V = D (R + 1)
= 879,464 (0,051534 + 1)
= 924,7863 kg
Qc = V (HV HL)
= 924,7863 (111,07485 36,7309)
= 53883,47645 kkal
* Menentukan Beban Reboiler (Qr)
Neraca Panas Overall :
F . HF + Qr = D . Hd + B . Hb + Qc + 0,1 Qr
Asumsi : Q loss = 0,1 Qr
75301,22738 + Qr = 32301,0091 + 73414,1017 + 53883,47645 + 0,1 Qr
0,9 Qr = 84297,35987
Qr = 93663,73319 kkal
Qr = V (HV HL)
93663,73319
Kebutuhan steam = V = 222,00126 93,37969

= 730,58150 kg

NERACA PANAS KOLOM DISTILASI

Masuk kkal Keluar kkal

B - 15
C6H5CH3 40481,2518 Distilat :
C6H5COOH 34819,79626 C6H5CH3 32022,80444
Co-Naphtenate 0,179322 C6H5COOH 278,204632
Qr 93663,73319 Bottom :
C6H5CH3 1006,821038
C6H5COOH 72406,904
Co-Naphtenate 0,376662
Qc 53883,47645
Q loss 9336,373319

Total 168964,9606 Total 168964,9606

7. EXTRAKTOR (M 410)
Air Proses Steam
30oC 282,222oC
Kolom Decanter
EXTRAKTOR
Distilasi 90oC
244,5oC
Condensat
282,222oC
Panas Masuk
- Dari (D 310), produk bawah
T masuk = 244,5oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 143,75oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,521
C6H5COOH = 0,424
Katalis = 0,020
Panas Bahan Masuk (kkal) :
C6H5CH3 = 1006,821038 kkal
C6H5COOH = 72406,904 kkal

B - 16
Katalis = 0,376662 kkal
Total panas bahan masuk = 73414,1017 kkal
- Panas Pelarutan
Asam Benzoat terlarut = 775,0383 kg
= 6,3465 kmol
= 6346,5305 grmol
Panas pelarutan Asam Benzoat = - 6501 gcal/grmol solute (Pustaka 31, 3 159)
Panas pelarutan = 6346,5305 (- 6501)
= - 41258794,78 gcal
= - 41258,79478 kkal
- Dari Air Masuk
Massa air masuk = 17033,8088 kg
T masuk = 30oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 27,5oC
Cp air = 1 kkal/kgoC
Q air = 17033,8088 1 (30 25)
= 85169,044 kkal
Total panas masuk extraktor = 85169,044 + 73414,1017 + 41258,79478
= 199841,9405 kkal
Panas Keluar
T keluar = 90oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 57,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5CH3 = 0,442
C6H5COOH = 0,424
Katalis = 0,020
H2O = 1,020
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal) :
C6H5CH3 = (8,804)(0,442)(90-25) = 252,93892 kkal

B - 17
C6H5COOH = (778)(0,424)(90-25) = 21441,68 kkal
Katalis = (0,0858)(0,020)(90-25) = 0,11154 kkal
H2O = (17033,8088)(1,020)(90-25) = 1129341,523 kkal
Total panas bahan keluar = 1151036,253 kkal
Coil Pemanas
Media pemanas : Steam
P = 962,5 psi
T = 540oF
= 656,6 Btu/lb
Neraca Panas
Asumsi : Q loss = 10 % panas pelarutan
= 4125,879478 kkal
panas masuk + Q steam = panas keluar + Q loss
199841,9405 + Q steam = 1151036,253 + 4125,879478
Q steam = 955320,192 kkal
= 3790997,118 Btu
3790997,118 Btu
Kebutuhan steam =
656,6 Btu
lb
= 5773,6782 lb

NERACA PANAS EXTRAKTOR

Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5CH3 1006,821038 C6H5CH3 252,93892

B - 18
C6H5COOH 72406,904 C6H5COOH 21441,68
Co-Naphtenate 0,376662 Co-Naphtenate 0,11154
H2O 85169,044 H2O 1129341,523
Q steam 955320,192 Q loss 4125,879478
Panas Pelarutan 41258,79478
Total 1155162,132 Total 1155162,132

8. KRISTALIZER (H 430)
Air Pendingin
30oC
Extraktor KRISTALIZER Centrifuge
90oC 300C

Air Pendingin
49oC
Panas Masuk
T masuk = 90oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 57,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5COOH = 0,424
H2O = 1,020
Panas Bahan Masuk (kkal) :
C6H5COOH = (775,0383)(0,424)(90-25) = 21360,05555 kkal
H2O = (17033,8088)(1,020)(90-25) = 1129341,523 kkal
Total panas bahan masuk = 1150701,579 kkal
Panas Keluar
T keluar = 30oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 27,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :

B - 19
C6H5COOH(s) = 0,2867
C6H5COOH(l) = 0,424
H2O = 1,000
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal) :
C6H5COOH(s) = (703,4963)(0,2867)(30-25) = 1008,461946 kkal
C6H5COOH(l) = (71,5420)(0,424)(30-25) = 151,66904 kkal
H2O = (17033,8088)(1,000)(30-25) = 85169,044 kkal
Total panas bahan keluar = 86329,17499 kkal
Panas Kristalisasi
C6H5COOH kristal = 703,4963 kg = 5,76070 kmol
Panas kristalisasi = 6501 kkal/kmol
= 5,76070 6501
= 37450,3107 kkal
Neraca Panas
panas masuk = panas keluar + panas yang diserap air pendingin + panas
kristalisasi+ Q loss
Asumsi : Q loss = 10 % panas masuk
= 0,1 1150701,579
= 115070,1579 kkal
1150701,579 = 86329,17499 + panas yang diserap air pendingin + 37450,3107 +
115070,1579
Panas yang diserap air pendingin = 911851,9354 kkal
Media pendingin : Air
T air masuk = 30oC
T air keluar = 49oC
911851,9354
Kebutuhan air pendingin =
1 49 30
= 47992,20713 kg
NERACA PANAS KRISTALIZER
Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5COOH 21360,05555 C6H5COOH(s) 1008,461946

B - 20
H2O 1129341,523 C6H5COOH(l) 151,66904
H2O 85169,044
Kristalisasi 37450,3107
Air Pendingin 911851,9354
Q loss 115070,1579
Total 1150701,579 1150701,579

9. AIR HEATER (E 462)

Steam
282,222oC
Udara Rotary
AIR HEATER
30oC Dryer
90oC
Condensat
282,222oC
Panas Masuk
Udara Masuk
Td = 30oC
HR = 80 %
kg H 2O
H = 0,022 (Pustaka 15, 493)
kg udara ker ing

T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 27,5oC
Cp udara-air = 0,24 + 0,45 H1 (Pustaka 15,
486)
= 0,24 + 0,45(0,022)
= 0,2499 kkal/kgoC
= 2430,7 kj/kg
= 580,951 kkal/kg
Massa udara kering = 2995,403323 kg
Panas Udara Masuk :
= 2995,403323{(0,2499)(30-25) + (0,022)(580,951)}

B - 21
= 42026,77268 kkal
Panas Keluar
Udara Keluar
T = 90oC Tw = 42,3oC (Pustaka 15, 493)
H = 0,022
Cp = 0,2499 kkal/kgoC
= 2283,2 kj/kg = 545,698 kkal/kg
Panas Udara Keluar :
= 2995,403323{(0,2499)(90-25) + (0,022)(545,698)}
= 84616,71713 kkal
Neraca Panas
Asumsi : tidak ada panas yang hilang
panas masuk + Q steam = panas keluar
Q steam = panas keluar panas masuk
= 84616,71713 42026,77268
= 42589,94445 kkal
= 168898,9427 Btu
Media pemanas : Steam
P = 962,5 psig
T = 540oF
= 656,6 Btu/lb
168898,9427
Kebutuhan steam = 656,6

= 257,233 lb

NERACA PANAS AIR HEATER

Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
Udara 42026,77268 Udara Panas 84616,71713
Steam 42589,94445
Total 84616,71713 Total 84616,71713

B - 22
10. ROTARY DRYER (B 460)
Bahan Masuk
30oC
Cyclone ROTARY DRYER Air Heater
46,2oC 90oC
Produk
60oC
Bahan Masuk kg
C6H5COOH(s) 703,4963
C6H5COOH(l) 0,7154
H2O 44,8584

Kandungan air mula-mula :

44,8584 kg H 2O
x1 = 703,4963 = 0,06376
kg udara ker ing

Diharapkan kandungan air menjadi :

kg H 2O
x2 = 0,01
kg udara ker ing

Suhu bahan masuk (t1) = 30oC

Suhu bahan keluar (t2) = 60oC
Suhu udara pengering masuk (T1) = 90oC
Suhu udara pengering keluar (T2) = 46,2oC

Kondisi Udara :
* Masuk ke (E 462)
kg H 2O
Td = 30oC H1 = 0,022
kg udara ker ing

HR = 80 % (Pustaka 15, 493)

B - 23
* Keluar menuju ke (B 510)
H1 = 0,022 Tw = 42,3oC
T1 = 90oC (Pustaka 15, 493)
T1 TW
Nt = ln
T2 TW
Nt ekonomis : 1,5 2,5
dipilih Nt = 2,5
90 42,3
2,5 = ln
T2 42,3

T2 = 46,2oC
Check untuk harga Nt :
T1 T2
Nt = (Pustaka 31, 20
t m
14)
t1 t2
t m = t1
ln
t 2
t1 = T2 t1 = 46,2 30 = 16,2oC

t2 = T1 t2 = 90 60 = 30oC
16,2 30
t m
16,2
ln
30
= 22,396
90 46,2
Nt = 22,396
= 1,96 2,0

Jadi kondisi diatas dapat digunakan.

Panas Bahan Masuk
T masuk = 30oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 27,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5COOH(s) = 0,2867

B - 24
C6H5COOH(l) = 0,424
H2O = 1,000
Panas Bahan (kkal) :
C6H5COOH(s) = (703,4963)(0,2867)(30-25) = 1008,461946 kkal
C6H5COOH(l) = (0,7154)(0,424)(30-25) = 1,516648 kkal
H2O = (44,8584)(1,000)(30-25) = 224,292 kkal
Total panas bahan = 1234,270594 kkal
Asumsi :
C6H5COOH(s) dan C6H5COOH(l) yang masuk cyclone = 5 % dari bahan masuk.
Efisiensi cyclone 95 %.
Bahan Keluar kg
Produk :
668,3215
C6H5COOH(s)
0,67963
C6H5COOH(l)
6,7576
H2O
Cyclone : 35,1748
C6H5COOH(s) 0,03577
C6H5COOH(l) 38,1008
H2O

Panas Bahan Keluar

T keluar = 60oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 42,5oC
Cp masing-masing komponen (kkal/kgoC) :
C6H5COOH(s) = 0,313
C6H5COOH(l) = 0,424
H2O = 1,040
Panas Bahan Keluar (kkal) :
* Produk
C6H5COOH(s) = (668,3215)(0,313)(60-25) = 7321,462033 kkal
C6H5COOH(l) = (0,67963)(0,424)(60-25) = 10,0857092 kkal

B - 25
H2O = (6,7576)(1,040)(60-25) = 245,97664 kkal
* Cyclone
C6H5COOH(s) = (35,1748)(0,313)(60-25) = 385,339934 kkal
C6H5COOH(l) = (0,03577)(0,424)(60-25) = 0,5308268 kkal
H2O = (38,1008)(1,040)(60-25) = 1386,86912 kkal
Total panas bahan keluar = 9350,264263 kkal
Udara Masuk
T masuk = 90oC
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 57,5oC
Cp udara-air = 0,24 + 0,45 H1 (Pustaka 15,
486)
= 0,24 + 0,45(0,022)
= 0,2499 kkal/kgoC
A = massa udara kering masuk (kg)
(90oC) = 2283,2 kj/kg (Steam Table)
1
= 2283,2
4,184

= 545,698 kkal/kg
Panas udara masuk = A{0,2449(90-25) + 0,022}
= A{15,9185 + (0,022)(545,698)}
= 27,9239 A kkal/kg
Neraca Massa Kandungan Air
A . H1 + Ls . x1 = A . H2 + Ls . x2
A(0,022) + (703,4963)(0,06376) = A . H2 + (703,4963)(0,01)
0,022 A + 44,85492409 = A . H2 + 7,034963
37,81996109 = AH2 0,022A
37,81996109
A=
H 2 0,022

Udara Keluar
T keluar = 46,2oC

B - 26
T reference = 25oC
T rata-rata = 35,6oC
Cp udara-air = 0,24 + 0,45 H2 (Pustaka 15,
486)
(46,2oC) = 571,707 kkal/kg (Steam Table)
Panas udara keluar = A{(0,24 + 0,45H2)(46,2 - 25) + (571,707H2)}
= A(5,088 + 9,54H2 + 571,707H2)
= A(5,088 + 581,247H2)
Asumsi : tidak ada panas yang hilang.
Neraca Panas
panas bahan masuk + panas udara masuk = panas bahan keluar + panas udara
keluar
1234,270594 + 27,9239A = 9350,264263 + A(5,088 + 581,247H2)
37,81996109 37,81996109
1234,270594 + 27,9239 = 9350,264263 +
H 2 0,022 H 2 0,022
(5,088 + 581,247H2)
1056,080811 192,427962 21982,73892 H 2
= 8115,9937 + +
H 2 0,022 H 2 0,022 H 2 0,022
1056,080811 = 8115,9937(H2 0,022) + 192,427962 + 21982,73892H2
863,652849 = 8115,9937H2 178,5518614 + 21982,73892H2
1042,20471 = 30098,73262H2
H2 = 0,034626
37,81996109 37,81996109
A= = 0,034626 0,022 = 2995,403223 kg
H 2 0,022

NERACA PANAS ROTARY DRYER

Masuk kkal Keluar kkal
C6H5COOH(s) 1008,461946 Produk :
C6H5COOH(l) 1,516648 C6H5COOH(s) 7321,462033
H2O 224,292 C6H5COOH(l) 10,0857092

B - 27
Udara Panas 83643,34005 H2O 245,97664
Cyclone :
C6H5COOH(s) 385,33934
C6H5COOH(l) 0,5308268
H2O 1386,86912
Udara Panas 75526,87154
Total 84877,61064 Total 84877,61064

B - 28