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Transmission Line Special Cases

The document discusses transmission line theory and special cases of lossless terminated transmission lines, including lines terminated with a short circuit or open circuit. It also discusses half wavelength and quarter wavelength transmission lines. Reflection and transmission coefficients are defined for transmission lines terminated with different impedances. The Smith chart is introduced as a graphical tool for solving transmission line problems by representing the normalized impedance of a load. A quarter-wave transformer is described as a means for impedance matching between a transmission line and load.

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63 views18 pages

Transmission Line Special Cases

The document discusses transmission line theory and special cases of lossless terminated transmission lines, including lines terminated with a short circuit or open circuit. It also discusses half wavelength and quarter wavelength transmission lines. Reflection and transmission coefficients are defined for transmission lines terminated with different impedances. The Smith chart is introduced as a graphical tool for solving transmission line problems by representing the normalized impedance of a load. A quarter-wave transformer is described as a means for impedance matching between a transmission line and load.

Uploaded by

ETHAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Transmission Line Theory 2

Special cases of Lossless Terminated Lines


a) Transmission line terminated in a short circuit

ZL = 0
= (ZL Z0)/ (ZL + Z0) = -1
SWR =
Special cases of Lossless Terminated Lines
If = -1, from (2.36)

From (2.44)
Special cases of Lossless Terminated Lines

b) Open circuited line

Z L=
= (ZL Z0)/ (ZL + Z0) = 1
SWR =
Special cases of Lossless Terminated Lines
If = 1, from (2.36)

From (2.44)
Special cases of Lossless Terminated Lines
Half wavelength line (l = n/2 for n = 1,2,3,)
tanl = tan((2/ )(n /2)) = tan (n )=0
From (2.44)
Zin = Z0.ZL/Z0 = ZL (2.47)

If the line is quarter-wavelength long


l = /4 + n /2 for n = 1,2,3
tanl = tan((2/ )(/4+n/2)) = tan (n+ /2)=
From (2.44)
Reflection and Transmission at the junction

T is the transmission coefficient


Equating these two voltages at z = 0

Insertion Loss IL = -20 log|T| dB (2.52)


The Smith Chart
Graphical aid to solve transmission line problem
Developed in 1939 by P. Smith at the Bell Telephone Lab

Normalized load impedance zL = ZL / Z0


rL+jxL = ZL / Z0
The Smith Chart
Reflection coefficient = (ZL Z0)/ (ZL + Z0) = (zL-1)/(zL+1) = ||ej
The Smith Chart

Solution
Normalized load impedance, zL= (40+j70)/100
= 0.4+j0.7
The Smith Chart
The Smith Chart
The Smith Chart
The Smith Chart
Quarter-wave Transformer
Used for impedance matching

In order for = 0, Zin = Z0


Z12/RL= Z0
Z1 = (Z0RL)
Characteristics impedance Z1 is the geometric mean of Z0 and RL
Quarter-wave Transformer

If Z1 = (Z0RL)
There will be no standing wave on the feedline
However, there will be standing wave in /4 matching section
A perfect match may be obtained at one frequency. But
impedance mismatch will occur at other frequencies
Solution
Characteristic impedance of the matching section
Z1 = (Z0RL) = (50*100) = 70.71
when f/f0 = 0,2,4 , tanl = 0, Zin = RL , || = 0.33
when f/f0 = 1,3,5 , tanl = , Zin = Z12/RL = Z0, || = 0

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