MZUMBE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS STUDIES (MSS)
MSS 212 (ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS)
TUTORIAL SHEET ON TOPIC 1&2
2016/2017-SEMESTER I
1. State the order and degree of the following differential equations
2
d2y d3y
2 3
d 3 y dy
(a) 3 4
d3y dy dy
(b) x y (c) 3 3 4 y e x (d) 2 5 3 3 xy
d x dx dx dx dx dx dx
2. Identify whether the given DE is linear or not
2
d3y dy dy dy dy dy
(a) 4 (b) x y (c) 3t 4t e t (d) x cos x
dx dt
3
d x dx dt dx
3. For each of the following DE verify that x is a solution to the given DE
(a) y ' y 2 and x 2 ke x (a) xy ' 2 y x 2 and x x 2 In x c
4. Derive a DE that can be used to model the motion of the pendulum bob
5. Solve the following ODE by separation of variables
dy dy y 2 1
(a) x y 2x 2 y (b) . (c) 3 x( y 2 1)dx y ( x 2 2)dy 0 .
dx dx x 2 1
(d) 2 y cos x dx 3 sin x dy 0 ; given y 2 2 .
dy x 2 1 dy
(e) . (f) y ( y 1) tan x .
dx x 1 dx
6. (a) Show that the following D.E.s are exact when kept, or put in the form Mdx + Ndy = 0; hence solve.
(i ) 4 xy 3x 2 dx 2 y 2 x 2 dy 0 (ii) 2 x 5 y dx 5 x 3 y 2 dy 0
dy xy 2 1 dy x y cos x
(iii) ; given that y = 1 when x = 0. (iv)
dx 1 x 2 y dx y sin x
(v) ye x sin x dx e x 2 y dy 0
(b) The following D.E.s are not exact, show that each can be made exact with the multiplication of the
given D.E. (in Mdx + Ndy = 0, form) by a suitable Integrating Factor, hence, solve the given D. E.
(i ) ydx x y 2 dy 0 (iii) xdx x 2 y 4 y dy 0 ; given y(4) = 0.
dy
(ii) x y
dx
(iv) xy dx 2 x 2 3 y 2 20 dy 0 (v) 3 y e x dx xdy 0
7. Solve the following homogenous DE:
(a) x 2 y 2 dx x 2 xydy 0 (c) x 4 y dx 3 x 2 y dy 0
dy 2 xy
(b) 2
dx x y 2
yx y
(e) x 3 y 3 dx xy 2 dy 0 ; given y(1) = 0.
dy dy
(d) x y x2 y2 (f)
dx dx x2 x 3 y
1
8. By keeping, or putting the following differential equations in the standard linear form, find the general
solution (or particular solution, if required) of each.
tan x y sec x . 1 2tan x y sin x .
dy dy dy
2y x4 ex .
2
(a) (b) x (c)
dx dx dx
(d) x 1 (e) x 2 1 y x ; given y0 4 .
dy dy dy
xy 2 xe x 2 xy 2 x 2 . (f)
dx dx dx
dy
(g) 2 xy x 3
dx
9. Solve the following Bernoulli-type equations:
sin x y sin x y 2 . (d)
dy dy dy dy
(a) x y x 2 y 2 . (b) y x y 2 . (c) y tan x y 3 sec x
dx dx dx dx
dy
(e) y 1 / 2 y 3 / 2 1 ; given y(0) = 4.
dx
10. Solve the given differential equations using an appropriate substitution.
dy x 3 y 7
2 x y 7
dy 1 dy dy
x y
2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
dx x y dx dx dx 3 x 2 y 1
dy 2 x 3 y 4
2x y x y ; given y(0) = 0. (f)
dy
2
(e)
dx dx 4 x 6 y 1
11. Solve the given problems below:
(a) Use Picards method to solve each of the following DE
x y ; y0 0 (ii) y ' 1 y 2 ; y 0 0 (iii) y ' x y 2 ; y 0 0 Find y at x=0.5
dy
(i)
dx
(b) Use Eulers method to solve for each of the following DE at x=2 using h=0.1
(i) y ' 5 3 y ; y0 2 (ii ) y ' y (3 2 xy) ; y (0) 0.5 (iii ) y ' xy 0.1x 3 ; y 0 1
12. Solve the given word problem that require application of DE accordingly:
(a)The rate of change of the number of coyotes N(t) in a population is directly proportional to 650 N(t),
where t is the time in years. When t = 0, the population is 300, and when t = 2, the population has
increased to 500. Find the population when t = 3.
(b) A tank contains 1000 L of brine with 15 kg of dissolved salt. Pure water enters the tank at a rate of 10
L/min. The solution is kept thoroughly mixed and drains from the tank at the same rate. How much
salt is in the tank
(i) after t minutes;
(ii)after 20 minutes?
(c) The rate of change of y is proportional to y. When t = 0, y = 2, and when t = 2, y = 4. What is the
value of y when t = 3?
