1.
0 INTRODUCTION
Fire safety regulation for buildings in Malaysia focused on the design and
construction of adequate life safety,fire prevention, fire protection and fire fighting facilities
in new buildings.
Its main purpose was to prevent fire outbreak as well as to ensure the safety of
occupants should a fire breakout in those premises.
A fire extinguishing system designed by a specialist provides the best possible
protection for people and property. In the case of a fire, it will minimise the damage. Our
engineers always choose the right kind of automatic extinguishing system and suppression
agent for each particular case on the basis of the fire load, type of premises and the activities
carried out in them.
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2.0 OBJECTIVES
a) To determine the exact method of inspection of fire extinguisher system in the new
building.
b) To study the exact method of testing to the all equipment of fire extinguisher system.
c) To understand the commission of fire extinguishing system.
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3.0 THE ISSUANCE OF THE CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION AND
COMPLIANCE (CCC)
The CCC replaces the Certificate of Fitness for Occupation (CFO). It awards a full
control to Professional Engineer, Professional Architect and Building Plan Drafts man to
issue CCC and Local Authorities will not bother any more to issue Certificate of Fitness for
Occupation (CFO). This new system is an attempt towards self-certification and self-
regulation approach in the construction industry.
Completion and Compliance Certification (CCC) was put on effect on12 April 2007.
CCC will cut down on red-tape and ensure that house buyers and building owners get to
move in as quickly as possible without compromising their safety. The introduction of the
matrix of responsibility, will improve the accountability and responsibility aspect.
3.1 PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ISSUANCE OF CCC
1. The CCC will be issued by the Professional Architect or Professional Engineer who is
registered with the respective Board of Architects Malaysia (BAM) or Board of
Engineers Malaysia (BEM) acting in the capacity of PSP.
2. For buildings which require intensive design input, the Professional Architect will
function as the PSP while the Professional Engineer will be the PSP for the projects
with high engineering input in nature.
3. For the bungalows which do not exceed 2 floors in height and 300square meters in
total built up floor area, the registered Building
4. Draughtsman will perform the role of PSP and will issue the CCC.
5. The CCC can only be issued when all parties concerned are satisfied that the building
construction have been supervised and completed full compliance with the provisions
of the law and technical conditions as imposed by the LA in approving the Planning
Permission and Building Plan
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4.0 APPLICATION PROCEDURE FROM APPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
4.1 ARCHITECTURAL PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS
APPLICATION DESIGNATION OF COMPLETE
STARTS ST PROJECT DOCUMENT
START RECEIVE CATEGORY CHECKLIST
OPEN THE FILE/ OFFICIAL PLAN DRAFT DOCUMENT
RECORD REGISTER REVIEW BY OFFICIALS
CONFIRMATION JKP MEETING PREPARATION PROCESS
PROCESS AND MEETING THE
REQUIREMENTS OF JKP
PROVIDE A APPROVAL LETTER
DISTRIBUTES TO CONFIRMATION RECORD AND SEND
AND
OFFICER LETTER AND TO THE APPLICANT
REQUIREMENTS
REJECTION LETTER
END
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4.2 M&E PLAN APPROVAL PROCESS
APPLICATION OPEN THE FILE/
STARTS ST CHECKLIST FORM
START RECEIVE RECORD REGISTERS
OFFICIAL PLAN
CONFIRMATION REVIEW BY THE DISTRIBUTES TO
PROCESS JKP MEETING OFFICIALS OFFICER
PROVIDE A
CONFIRMATION LETTER OF RECORD AND SEND
END
LETTER AND APPROVAL TO THE APPLICANT
REJECTION LETTER
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4.3 BUILDING INSPECTION FOR ISSUED OF STAGE CERTIFICATE APPROVAL
LETTER
EARLY REVIEW PAYMENT WILL BE
STARTS ST APPLICATION
START (CHECKLIST) MADE
INSPECTION INFORMATION
SUPPORT
INSPECTION
REPORT APPOINTMENT
COMPLETE THE PROVIDE A LETTER CONFIRMATION
SEND LETTER
FORM 3 OF RELEASE LETTER
RECORD AND
END
STASTIC
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5.0 PARTIES INVOLVE DURING INSPECTION, TESTING AND
COMMISSIONING
5.1 Commissioning Team
1)Owner
2)Facilities Management Division
3)Commissioning Agent (CA)
4)Design Team
5)General Contractor
6)Fire Protection Contractor
7)Fire Alarm Contractor
5.2 Commissioning Agents
1. Contractor .
a. Project Manager
b. Test Engineer
2. Subcontractors: As appropriate to product or system being commissioned
3. Green Consultant
4. Architect/Engineer
a. Architect.
b. MEP engineers
c. Specialty Consultant
5. Local Authority (LA)
a. Approve the Planning Permission
b. Approve the Building Plan
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6. Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia (Bomba)
All matters relating to fire safety have to get permission and approval from Bomba first.
Bomba is responsible for inspecting, testing of all fire protection
equipment installed in buildings according to requirements UBBL.
7. Principal Submitting Person (PSP)
Submit the Building Plan to the local authority for approval.
Coordinate the preparation commence and submission of other
plans besides building plans
8. Jabatan Bekalan Air (JBA)
Water supply from main pipe has to be connected to the hydrants.
9. Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
Supply the electricity to the equipped system
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6.0 PROCEDURE TO INSTALL FIRE SYSTEM IN A BUILDING
6.1 The project purpose
At this method the developer will purpose to build the building .At this step also the
client will follow the requirement of client about the design of building.
6.2 Architect design the plan
At this method the developer will selected the architect to design the plan based on
the client requirement. At this method also the architect will draft the fire system in building
6.3 The engineer will design the fire system in building
At this method the engineer will design the fire system in a building
6.4 Project Inspection
Application for inspection only can be made after Architectural Plan and M&E was
approved by the BOMBA.
6.5 Submit the plan to BOMBA
After the design of fire system finished the engineer will submit the plan to BOMBA
to get the approval from BOMBA about the design of fire system.
Ensure access to the extinguisher is not obstructed by storage bins, file cabinets, or
similar items.
Make sure the extinguisher is mounted in a location where it is visible and easy to
locate during an emergency.
Check the tamper-seal to verify it is not broken or missing and ensure the pull-pin is
not missing.
Check the pressure gauge to make sure the indicator is in the operating range (the
needle should be located in the green portion of the gauge).
Check the extinguisher for obvious physical damage, corrosion, leakage, or a clogged
nozzle, and report any problems with campus extinguishers to Fire Prevention
Services so we can make corrective measures.
Keep track of when the last professional inspection was; off-campus this information
is likely written on a paper inspection tag, and on campus Fire Prevention Services
monitors the dates of annual inspections through barcodes on the extinguishers.
The label should carry SIRIM product certification logo. Each extinguisher shall have
a valid Fire and Rescue Department H13certificate and the cylinder body and valve
should be rust free.
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7.0 HOSE REEL SYSTEM
Hose reel system cannot be used for other than to fire fighting and testing purpose.
Usage of hose reel for washing cars / motorcycle or watering plant is absolutely prohibited.
The hose reel which has been placed in the boxes must be accessible. If it is locked, the keys
have to be displayed on the boxes to enable it to be used during emergency.
Hose reel boxes/rooms cannot be used as storage (especially for storing cleaning
equipments, newspaper etc ). The respective Cost Centre is responsible for this.
Any damage, weakness or leakage identified, for example, missing nozzle, leaking
hose, vandalism and the like must be reported for corrective action to be taken immediately.
7.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
M.S. 1447: Hose reels with semi-rigid hose
EN 694 : Semi-rigid hose for first aid fixed installations
7.2.1 HOSE REELS
Coverage range of 30 m for each reel
One hose reel for every 800 sq. m space area.
Usually located along escape routes or beside exit doors or staircases
Minimum discharge by each hose reel 30 l/m & 6 m jet length
The rubber hoses should be comply with pr EN 694 standard & 30 m in length
and 25 mm diameter
Nozzles should be of the jet & spray adjustable type of different diameters but 8mm is a
recommended size.
Pipework is generally 50 mm diameter and the pipe feed to individual hose not less than
25mm diameter
Above ground pipework : minimum galvanised steel medium grade (Class B)
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Underground pipework : minimum heavy grade (Class C)
Pipe painted with primer & finished with red paint (OR at least elbow & tee must
be painted with red bands)
7.2.2 HOSE REEL PUMPS
Two sets of pumps. One on duty & the other on standby
120 l/m and at least 2 bars in pressure for any four hose reels operating at the
same time
Emergency generator/diesel engine adequate for minimum of 1 hour operation
Electrical cabling should be run in galvanised steel conduit
Batteries for diesel engine must be maintenance free type
If total number of hose reel is not more than 4, electrically driven is enough no
need to have an emergency generator/diesel engine.
Should provide with CO2 portable extinguisher
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
7.2.3 HOSE REEL TANKS
Tank size based on 2275 litres for the first hose reel & others 1137.5 litres to
maximum of 9100 litres for each system
Tank material: pressed steel, fibre glass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm
should be painted
The tank will automatically refill from water supply pipe of 50mm diameter and
minimum flow is 150/m
Usually hose reel tanks are separated from domestic water storage tank. However,
the two can be combined to give sum total capacity.
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Tap off point of the domestic use must be above the tap off point of for the hose
reels so that minimum fire reserve is always maintained
7.2.4 GRAVITY FEED HOSE REEL SYSTEM
Tank located on the roof or upper floors and the static pressure is adequate to achive the
required pressure & flow rate.
If pumps required, a by pass pipe is usually provided
7.3 INSPECTION CHECKLIST
Check that:
1. Required maintenance has been carried out and recorded.
2. Operating instructions are correct.
3. Fire hose reel cabinet signage is provided.
4. The cabinet is free of extraneous matter.
5. The fire hose reel is accessible at all times
7.4 TESTING
7.4.1 HOSEREEL BOOSTER PUMP
Auto cut-in/cut-off of pumps when hose reel is operating/pressure is re-established.
Auto changeover from duty to standby pump
7.4.2 PIPEWORK TESTING
Pipework is required to be hydrostatically tested to the greater of 1700 kPa or 1.5
times the highest working pressure to which the system will be subjected, for a period
of at least 2 hours. A number of installations have failed this test, due mainly to
inadequate or undersized flanges and thrust blocks, or poor workmanship.
7.4.3 OUTLET
The reel and valve assembly shall be connected to a water supply and with the outlet
blocked it shall be subjected to an internal hydraulic pressure of 20 bar for a period of
not less than 5 minutes
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The test shall be considered successful only if at the end of the test period there has
been no sign of leakage.
7.4.4 PUMPSET TESTING
Constant flow water system typically includes both water distribution piping and
pumps, as well as heat transfer elements (such as cooling and/or heating coils in air
handling units, cooling towers, condenser bundles, and water-cooled process loads).
Isolation valves, and 3-way control valves, as well as various temperature, pressure,
and flow sensors.
Figure 1 : Hose Reel System
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8.0 DRY RISER SYSTEM
Dry fire main water supply pipe installed in a building for fire-fighting purposes,
fitted with inlet connections at fire service access level and landing valves at specified points,
which is normally dry but is capable of being charged with water usually by pumping from
fire and rescue service appliances.
8.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
M.S. 1210: Part 2 - Landing Valves for Dry Risers
M.S. 1210: Part 3 - Inlet Breeching Riser inlets
M.S. 1210: Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers
M.S. 1210: Part 5 Boxes for Inlet Breeching
8.2.1 LANDING VALVE
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Located at lobbies & staircases
Installed 0.75 m above floor level
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4
Fire hose rubber-lined type complete with 65 mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be
provided in a hose cradle beside each landing valve
8.2.2 BREECHING INLET
The fire brigade breeching inlet (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 3) installed at the bottom of
the riser
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Dry Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use
A two-way breeching inlet for 100 mm diameter dry riser
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A 4-way breeching inlet for 150 mm diameter dry riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m from the
nearest external hydrant outlet
8.2.3 RISER PIPE
If the highest outlet is more than 23 m above the breeching inlet, use 150 mm dry riser else
100 mm.
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C tested at 21 bars
Horizontal pipework feeding the risers should be sloped for proper draining after use
An air release valve installed at the top to release air trapped in the system
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the building.
8.2.4 STATIC PRESSURE TEST
First, flush the system to clear all debris insider riser
Hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars (measured an inlet) for 2 hours for leakage at
joints and connections
Inspection & testing regularly all parts to ensure that they are in good operation condition
8.3 INSPECTION
Check position of the breaching inlet > 18m and no obstacle on between
The position of the landing valve on the protected are, at the staircase and also lift lobby is
based on the approval drawing.
Drain valve prepared on the breeching inlet at the ground floor
Check Bomba main pipe should not exceeding more than12m to the riser pipe.
Glass fronted cabinet is installed at the inlet valve
Air release valve at the top level also should be installed.
Check size of the riser pipe, the high of the building.
Check number of the breeching inlet or 4 ways breeching inlet.
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8.4 TESTING
7.4.1 PRE-TEST
Initial system inspection.
Initial water flush through to ensure system is clear of debris.
8.4.1 FLOW RATE TEST
Water is passed through the system under pressure.
Flow gauge reading is measured and recorded to ensure the system is capable of
sustaining an efficient fire fighting jet.
The flow rate should be considered insufficient or any undue loss of pressure is
identified further investigation will be necessary.
Figure 2: Dry Riser System
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9.0 WET RISER SYSTEM
Wet fire main water supply pipe installed in a building for fire-fighting purposes and
permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply, and fitted with landing valves at
specified points.
Where fire mains are installed and there are no floors higher than 50 m above fire
service access level, wet or dry fire mains may be installed.
Where there are floors higher than 50 m above fire service access level, wet fire mains
should be installed owing to the pressures required to provide adequate fire-fighting water
supplies at the landing valves at upper floors and also to ensure that water is immediately
available at all floor levels.
9.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARD;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
M.S. 1210: Part 1 - Landing Valves for Wet Risers
M.S. 1210: Part 3 - Inlet Breeching Riser inlets
M.S. 1210: Part 4 Boxes for Landing Valves for Dry Risers
M.S. 1210: Part 5 Boxes for Inlet Breeching
9.2.1 WET RISER LANDING VALVE
Landing valves (comply with M.S. 1210: Part 2) are provided on each floor
Located at lobbies & staircases
Installed 0.75 m above floor level
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 4
Pressure at landing valve should be between 4-7 bars
Fire hose rubber-lined type (not less than 35mm dia. & 30 m in length) complete with 65
mm diameter coupling & nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside each landing
valve.
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9.2.2 BREECHING INLET
Should be a 4-way type complying with M.S. 1210: Part 3)
Protected by Boxes comply with M.S. 1210: Part 5 & labelled Wet Riser Inlet
A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser
Located not more than 18 m from fire appliance access road & not more than 30 m from the
nearest external hydrant outlet
9.2.3 WET RISER PIPE
Each wet riser should cover not more than 900 m sq floor area.
If more than one wet riser per floor, the distance apart between then not more than 60 m
The top most and the lowest wet riser should be less than 71 m
Pipe material: galvanised iron to B.S. 1387 (Heavy gauge) or class C
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the pipe
can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted red
Electrically earthed to achieve equipotential with the building
9.2.4 WET RISER PUMPS
2 sets op pumps. One on duty & the other on standby
The pump capacity 1500 l/m & pressure between 4-7 bars when any three landing valves
are in use at the same time.
Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator incase of black out for at least 2
hours
Electrical cabling should be fire rated type
Batteries for diesel engine must be maintenance free type
Should provide with CO2 portable extinguisher
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
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9.2.5 WET RISER TANKS
Minimum capacity of 45,500 litres with automatic refill rate 455 l/m
The intermediate break tank for for upper stages of the wet riser should be not less than
11,375 litres with automatic refill rate 1365 l/m
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided External
tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be painted.
Tanks located on the ground floor or basement
Wet riser tanks separated from other water storage tank
However, it may be combined with hose reel tanks and the capacity is the sum total from
both tanks. Hose reel tap off level should be above the wet riser tap off such that wet riser
reserve is maintained
9.2.6 STATIC PRESSURE TEST
First, flush the system to clear all debris insider riser
Hydraulically tested to a pressure of 14 bars or 150% of the working pressure (measured an
inlet), whichever is the higher for 2 hours for leakage at joints and connections
Inspection & testing regularly all parts to ensure that they are in good operation condition
A three way landing valve should be provided on the roof or topmost floor for testing
purposes. Flow meter should be provided to measure flow rate
9.3 INSPECTION
Breeching inlet that connected to the BOMBA main pipe is not exceeding 80 feet
Install the glass fronted cabinet at the inlet valve
Volume of the hose and nozzle should be 2 x30mx37m and it will provided at the landing
valve
The capacity of the water tank
Sign of wet riser had at the each one of the landing valve
Return pipe also should be connected to the water tank
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9.4 TESTING
9.4.1 WET PRESSURE TEST
The system needs to be flushed first.
Then it will hydraulically test to a pressure of 14 bars or 150 psi for a minimum 15
minutes and maximum for 2 hours.
All inlets and outlets are checked for leaks and anything
Any missing or faulty items would need to be replaced to enable a certification to be
provided
9.4.2 FLOW TEST
It functions to check the flow of wet riser
Valves should be provide in roof for testing
It measure the flow of water
Figure 3: Wet Riser System
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10.0 EXTERNAL HYDRANT SYSTEM
Fire hydrant systems are installed in buildings to help firefighters quickly attack the
fire. Essentially, a hydrant system is a water reticulation system used to transport water in
order to limit the amount of hose that firefighters have to lay thus speeding up the fire
fighting process.
Fire hydrant systems sometimes include ancillary parts essential to their effective
operation such as pumps, tanks and fire service booster connections. These systems must be
maintained and regularly tested if they are to be effective when needed.
The placement of such equipment needs to closely interface with fire service
operational procedure simply complying with deemed to satisfy code provisions is a potential
recipe for disaster.
10.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
RELEVEN STANDARDS AS FOLLOWS;
B.S. 5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard;
M.S. 1395: specification for pillar hydrant
10.2.1 HYDRANT OUTLETS
Not less than 6 m from building & not more than 30 m from entrance to the building
Space not more than 90 m apart along the minimum 6 m in width road
Capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons of Fire brigade vehicles.
2 or 3 outlets pillar type with underground sluice valve
In owners boundary: should be provided with 30m of 65mm rubber-lined hose
(complete with nozzles) in steel cabinet beside each hydrant.
Underground hydrants are not encouraged due to difficulty of access
Capable to handle 1000 l/min & running pressure of 4 bars but max to 7 bars only
The hydrant mains are usually laid underground with cement lined steel pipe.
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) material used for an area where corrosion is a
major concern
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10.2.2 HYDRANT PUMPS
Two sets of pumps (one duty & one standby)
Capable to supply 3000 l/min & running pressure of 4-7 bars to 3 hydrants at the same time
Should be supplied with backup diesel/power generator in case of black out for at least 2
hours
Batteries for diesel engine must be maintenance free type
Normally Jockey pumps driven by electrical motor at 120 l/min required to maintain system
pressure
The pumps should be protected from the weather and away from flood area.
Pumps room should be ventilated plus signage
10.2.3 HYDRANT TANKS
Minimum capacity 180,000 litres (1 hr water supply for 3 hydrants)
Should be refilled automatically by supply pipe at 20l/s
Hydrant tanks are usually separate from other water storage tanks but may be combined
with other fire fighting system water tanks. So, tanks capacity is the sum total of all tanks.
Tank material: pressed steel, fibreglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete.
The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator must be provided
External tank should be painted red OR at least red band of minimum 200 mm should be
painted.
10.3 INSPECTION
Nearest external hydrant should not exceeding 91.5 m or 300 feet from the new building
Type of new external hydrant
Position of the false spindle
Hydrant chamber base had been concrete
The flow and pressure of the water come out from the hydrant
Colour of the external hydrant
The pits
The frames
The covers
Surface paving round edges of frames
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10.4 TESTING
10.4.1 FLOW TEST
Locate personnel at the test hydrant and at all flow hydrants to be used.
Remove the hydrant cap from the test hydrant and attach your WFR Cap Gauge with
the petcock in the open position. After checking the other caps for tightness, open the
hydrant slowly using several turns. Once the air has escaped and a steady stream of
water is flowing, the petcock should be closed and they hydrant opened fully.
Read and record the static pressure as shown on the Cap Gauge.
The individuals at the flow hydrants should remove the caps from the outlets to be
flowed.
10.4.2 STATIC PRESSURE TEST
Measured placing a pressure gauge on a hydrant port and opening the hydrant valve.
Water cannot flow of the hydrant when static pressure is measured.
The static pressure reading assumes that there is no water flow in the system.
Figure 4: External Hydrant System
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11.0 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water
supply system, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping
system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected.
Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler
heads fitted each year. In buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96%
of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.
11.1 TYPE OF SPRINKLERS
Four types of sprinkler system as follows;
(i) Wet pipe installation
Pipeworks always filled with water & ready to discharge once the sprinkler bulb breaks
(ii) Dry pipe installation
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. Air released once the sprinkler bulb breaks
and water filled the pipeworks and discharge at the sprinkler head
(iii) Pre-action installation
Pipeworks always filled with air under pressure. A valves release air and pipeworks filled
with water when fire is detected by smoke or heat detectors. Water is discharged through the
sprinkler head only when the sprinkler bulb breaks
(iv) Deluge Installation
Sprinkler head has no bulb and water is discharge simultaneously from all heads when fire is
detected and the deluge valve is opened
11.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN STANDARDS
MUST COMPLY WITH FOLLOWING STANDARDS;
Under the uniform building by-laws 226 and 228 refer to the requirements for sprinkler
systems
BS EN 12845 : 2003
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11.3 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
A. Light Hazard
Non-industrial occupancies
Low quantity of combustibility contents
Example: apartments, flat, schools, hostel UTM & hospital
B. Ordinary Hazard
Group I: Offices, restaurants & hotels
Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Group IV: Match factories, film & television studios
C. High Hazard
Group I: Process risk .e.g. clothing, rubber, wood wool & paint factories
Group II: High piled storage risk which divided into 4 categories
i) Category I: Carpets and textile storage exceeding 4 m in height
ii) Category II: Furniture factory storage exceeding 3 m in height
iii) Category III: Rubber, wax coated paper storage exceeding 2 m in height
iv) Category IV: foam & plastics storage exceeding 1.2 m in height
11.4.1 SPRINKLER PUMPS
Require to feed sprinkler network
Two sets of pumps: one on duty & the other on standby
A jockey pump provided to maintain system pressure
Pumps capacity as describe in B.S. 5306 Part 2 as follows;
i) Light Hazard
Head =15 m; Q = 300 dm3 /min at P = 1.5 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 340 dm3 /min at P = 1.8 bars
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Head =45 m; Q = 375 dm3 /min at P = 2.3 bars
ii) Ordinary Hazard
Group I: Offices, restaurants & hotels
Head =15 m; Q = 900 dm3 /min at P = 1.2 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 1150 dm3 /min at P = 1.9 bars
Head =45 m; Q = 1360 dm3 /min at P = 2.7 bars
Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Head =15 m; Q = 1750 dm3 /min at P = 1.4 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 2050 dm3 /min at P = 2.0 bars
Head =45 m; Q = 2350 dm3 /min at P = 2.6 bars
Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing & paint factories.
Head =15 m; Q = 2250 dm3 /min at P = 1.4 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 2700 dm3 /min at P = 2.0 bars
Head =45 m; Q = 3100 dm3 /min at P = 2.5 bars
Group IV: Match factories, film & television studios
Head =15 m; Q = 2650 dm3 /min at P = 1.9 bars
Head =30 m; Q = 3050 dm3 /min at P = 2.4 bars
iii) High Hazard
Refer to B.S. 5306: Part 2
11.4.2 WATER TANKS
iv) Light Hazard
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 9 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 10 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 11 m3
v) Ordinary Hazard
Group I : Offices, restaurants & hotels
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 55 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 70 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 80 m3
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Group II: Laundries, bakeries & tobacco factories
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 105 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 125 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 140 m3
Group III: Car parks, department stores, hypermarket, cinema, clothing &
paint factories.
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 135 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 160 m3
Head =45 m; Tank capacity 185 m3
Group IV: Match factories, film & television studios
Head =15 m; Tank capacity 160 m3
Head =30 m; Tank capacity 185 m3
vi) High Hazard
Refer to B.S. 5306: Part 2
11.4.3 SPRINKLER HEAD
Generally of the conventional pendant or upright type
Temperature rating: minimum = (T+30) C where T=maximum ambient temperature of the
protected space in degree C.
Nominal temperature rating = 68C
In kitchen nominal temperature rating = 79C
11.4.4 INSTALLATION CONTROL VALVE
Each sprinkler installation should have installation control valves which consist of main
stop valves, alarm valves, drain line with stop valve, flow rate & pressure gauges
Maximum number of sprinklers to be fed from one set of installation control valve shall be;
i) Light Hazard: 500 sprinklers
ii) Ordinary Hazard: 1000 sprinklers
iii) High Hazard: 1000 sprinklers
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11.4.5 SPRINKLER PIPEWORK
Black steel or galvanised iron BS.1387 (medium grade ) Class B minimum
Underground pipe: heavy gauge Class C
For Pipes of size 80 mm and below use screw joints
For Pipes of size above 100 mm may be welded OR grooved coupling up to 250 mm
Sprinkler pipes should not be concealed in the floor or ceiling concrete slabs.
Pipe should be coated with primer and finished with red gloss paint alternatively the pipe
can be colour coded by red band of 100 mm width with elbows and tees painted red.
11.5 INSPECTION
Type of the sprinkler either that was used the ordinary hazards or extra high hazard
Design density according to M&E plan.
Location of the breeching inlet, rather that was 80feet from the nearest Bomba main
pipe.
Glass fronted cabinet at the inlet of the pipe- condition of the sprinkler head was in
the good condition.
Connection between the flow switch and the main fire alarm panel
Flow switch had installed at every floor of the building
Isolation valve for each zone- signage at the pump room and the red colour of the
water tank
11.6 TESTING
11.6.1 MANUALLY PUMP TEST
Tested the pump starter panel
Selector switch point to user
Press the starter button one by one according to type of pump
11.6.2 AUTOMATIC PUMP TEST
There are 3 type automatic pump test are:
Jockey pump
Selector switch on automatic position-
Open the valve slowly, so that the jockey pump field work, observe and record
pressure
Close the valve and make sure the test is the original pressure
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11.6.3 DUTY PUMP
Change the duty pump selector switch on the automatic position and the position of
the jockey pump manual.
Open the test valve slowly, watch the fall of pressure, record the pressure when the
duty pump works
Close the test valve
Press the stop button on the pump panel to stop the pump duty.
Make sure the pressure readings in the original position.
11.6.4 STANDBY PUMP
Change standby pump selector switch on the automatic position and the position of
the duty pump manual
Open the test valve slowly, watch the fall of pressure, record the pressure
When the pump Standby function
Close the test valve
Press the stop button on the pump panel to stop the standby pump
Make sure the pressure readings in the original position
Figure 5: Automatic Sprinkler System
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12.0 CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEM
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colourless, odourless, electrically non-conductive gas that
is highly efficient. Extinguishing agent CO2 was the first gaseous agent used for fire
suppression.
It can be used for local application and total flooding systems and is suited to a wide
range of applications and hazards, CO2 has a high rate of expansion enabling rapid fire
suppression and provides a heavy blanket of gas that reduces the oxygen level to a point
where combustion cannot occur.
12.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Design Standards
The relevant clause in the Uniform Building By-laws 1984, relating to Carbon Dioxide
extinguishing systems is By-law 235 and the applicable standard is :
MS 1590 : 2003
12.2.1 SYSTEM OPERATION
The protected area should be flooded with carbon dioxide gas with flame extinguishing
concentration of 50% at 21C based on total flooding principle with a time delay period of 30
seconds, adjustable up to 60 seconds maximum.
Duration of total discharge shall not exceed 7 minutes or 30% discharge within 2 minutes.
Local application using high pressure shortage, design quantity of carbon dioxide should be
increased by 40% as only liquid portion of the discharge is effective.
The system shall operate from a supply voltage of 240 volts A.C, 50 Hz to the power
charger module within the control panel. The voltage is transformed and rectified within the
panel to 24 volt D.C. A 24 volt D.C standby battery of the maintenance free type shall be
provided in case of mains voltage failure.
The space should be protected by two or more heat or smoke detectors.
In order to discharge the extinguishing agent automatically, at least two detector zones must
be activated.
Provide the independent facility for emergency operation by manually discharging the agent
via a break glass handle type manual pull box which should be mounted outside the exit
door to the protected space.
The detectors circuit wiring shall be supervised continuously for line fault.
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12.2.2 CARBON DIOXIDE CYLINDERS
Carbon Dioxide gas stored in cylinders designed to hold the gas in liquefied form at
ambient temperatures. Gas can be stored at low pressure of 2068 kPa with refrigeration or
under high pressure at 5171 kPa at ambient temperatures.
Most systems use high pressure storage due to cost considerations. Cylinders should be
suitable for a working pressure of 59 bars at 21C and pressure tested at 228 bars.
A reliable means of indication by weighing should be provided to determine the amount of
gas in the cylinders. Each system should have a permanent name plate specifying the number,
filing weight and the pressurization level of cylinders.
All cylinders supplying the same manifold outlet for distribution agent should be
interchargeable and of one selected size. More than three cylinders are required, a pilot
cylinder should be provided to activate the discharge valve from each cylinder.
Each container should be equipped with a discharge valve of the solenoid operated type to
discharge, liquid agent at the required rate. Containers with top-mounted valves should have
an internal dip tube extending to the bottom of the cylinder to permit discharge of liquid
phase agent.
Gas cylinders should be located outside of the hazard which it protects wherever possible.
However, the risk of vandalism should also be taken into consideration.
12.2.3 CARBON DIOXIDE CONTROL PANEL
The system control panel should indicate the operation of the system, hazards to personnel,
or failure of any supervised device and complying with M.S.1404 and B.S.7273. A positive
alarm and indicator should be provided to show that the system has operated.
A device should be incorporated into the system to shut down any exhaust fans and activate
solenoid operated curtains across louvres before discharge.
Since a remote manual control should be a manual pull box type, a pressure switch in the
discharge pipe may be required to provide the signal back to the control panel that the carbon
dioxide gas has been discharged.
12.2.4 DISCHARGE NOZZLE
Discharge nozzles should be selected for use wish carbon dioxide and for their discharge
characteristics. For low pressure storage, nozzle pressure should be 1034 kPa minimum and
for high pressure storage, the nozzle should be 2068 kPa.
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Discharge nozzle should be permanently marked to identified the nozzle and to show the
equivalent single orifice diameter regardless of shape and number of orifice.
12.2.5 AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTORS AND AUDIO/VISUAL ALARM UNITS
The detectors should be resistant to corrosion.
The audio unit should produce an audible warning at least 65dB noise level or 5dB above
the ambient noise level. The audio alarm unit of alarm bell type should be of the trembling
and shall operate from the fire alarm panel battery supply.
12.2.6 PIPEWORK AND FITTINGS
The material of piping and fittings, etc. for the installation of the system must be of non-
combustible heat resisting and must have capacity to maintain its own shape in room
temperature during the outbreak of the fire.
All piping should be of API Schedule 40 steel pipe for low pressure storage systems. For
high pressure storage system, piping should be of Schedule 40 for 20 mm diameter pipes and
Schedule 80 for 25mm diameter and above.
12.3 INSPECTION
Quantity of the system
The capacity of the CO2
The installation of the manual key switch at the system
Connection between the system to the main fire alarm panel
Warning lamp at the top of the exit door (red and green)
Installation of the curtain wall
12.4 TESTING
Using smoke bombs, local heaters, or other methods to test operation of the detectors and
sensors.
Discharge of CO2 is not required during this test.
Operation of the discharge valve or pneumatic/electrical discharge devices should be
verified.
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Figure 6 : Carbon Dioxide System
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REFERENCES
1) Mark Jaya Sdn. Bhd. (1998), Book of Fire Fighting Maintenance and Procedure.
2) https://www.scribd.com/doc/112841279/Bomba
3)https://www.protec.co.uk/product-page/sprinklers-and-water-mist/product/product/wet-dry-
riser-systems/
4)http://www.fire-protection.com.au/product-menu/gaseous-suppression/carbon-dioxide-
(1)/carbon-dioxide
5)http://www.mfs.sa.gov.au/site/community_safety/commercial/building_fire_safety/fire_fig
hting_systems_and_equipment_in_buildings.jsp#top
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APPENDIX
35
