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End Block Design
Introduction
How prestressing force transmitted to concrete?
- Pretensioned : transmitted by an internal force system through
bond between steel and concrete
- Post-tensioned : through external anchorage system
The zone within which the applied prestressing force on steel
is fully dissipated in to concrete and made to act as a
distributed force is known as transmission zone in
pretensioned element and anchor zone in post-tensioned
elements.
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Introduction
In post-tensioned construction, the prestressing force is
transferred to the concrete through relatively small anchorage
plates behind the anchorage by bearing. This results in a very
high concrete bearing stress behind the anchorage plate.
Failure of anchorage zone is perhaps the most common cause
of problems arising during construction
Such failures are difficult and expensive to repair and might
require replacement of the entire member.
Introduction
Anchorage zones failure due to uncontrolled cracking or
splitting of the concrete from insufficient transverse
reinforcement.
Bearing failures immediately behind the anchorage plate
are also common and may be caused by inadequate
dimensions of bearing plates or poor quality of concrete.
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End Block
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End Block
End Block
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Stress Distribution
The prestressing force in a tendon is applied through the
anchorages as a concentrated force.
By St Venants principle, the stress distribution in a member is
reasonably uniform away from the anchorage, but in the
region of the anchorage itself the stress distribution within the
concrete is complex.
The most significant effect for design is that the tensile stresses
are set up transverse to the axis of the member, tending to
split this concrete apart. This tensile force also known as
b i force.
bursting f
Reinforcement must be provided to resist these tensile
stresses.
Stress Distribution
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Stress distribution
Design for Bursting Force
It is sufficiently accurate to consider the resultant of these stresses,
Fbst
At SLS, Fbst is assumed to act in a region extending from 0.2yo to
2yo.
The value of Fbst as a proportion of Pi may be found from Table 4.7
BS8110.
The values in Table can be defined byy the followingg equation
q :
With ypo/yo 0.3, Fbst/Pi = 0.23
ypo/yo 0.7, Fbst/Pi = 0.11
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Design for Bursting Force
For post-tensioned members which are grouted after
tensioning, the maximum force applied to the member is
the initial jacking force, Pi and the design is based on SLS.
The bursting force is resisted by reinforcement in the form
of spirals or closed links, uniformly distributed throughout
the end block (from 0.2yo to 2.0yo) and with a stress of
200 N/mm2.
Design for Bursting Force
For post-tensioned members with unbonded tendons,
area of reinforcement is design at ULS given by
Fb t/0 87f where
Fbst/0.87fy, h Fbst
Fb t is
i obtained
bt i d from
f Table
T bl 4.7
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BS8110.
Where an end block contains several anchorages, it should
be divided into a series of symmetrically loaded prisms
and then each prism treated as a separate end block.
Additional reinforcement should be provided around the
whole group of anchorages to maintain overall
equilibrium.
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Example 1
End block of a T-beam is made solid rectangular in cross-section
and the tendons are grouped in three bundles with a parabolic
profile. Three plates are provided for the three bundles of
tendon Design and detail stirrups placement in the end block
tendon.
according to BS8110. Each bundle of tendons has a jacking force
1000 kN. A plate of 150mm x 150mm can be used for each
bundle.
500
150
150 400
400
400
Solution
In the vertical direction
Use formula
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Solution
In the horizontal direction
< 0.3
From Table 4.7,
Max Fbst = 0.23Pi
Solution
use T10 2 leg, Asv = 157 mm2
No of links = 1150/157 = 7.3, use 8 bars
Provide 8T10 through a distance of 500mm (2yo)
For checking: Force provided by bar =
= 251.36 kN >230 kN ..ok
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Example 2
Design the end block reinforcement for the following bonded
post-tensioned beam. A prestressing force of 1055 kN is applied
by a single tendon using a bearing plate of 200 x 300mm. Take e
= 0 att supports.
t
Solution
In the vertical direction,
From Table 4.7 or equation
In horizontal direction,
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Solution
Fbst = 0.17 (1055) = 179.35 kN
Use T12 2leg, As = 113 mm2
No of links = 896.75/113 = 7.9, use 8
Provide 8T12 through a distance of 600mm (2yo)
Example 3
The beam end shown below has six anchorages with 75mm x
75mm bearing plates and a jacking force of 500 kN applied to
each anchorages. Determine the reinforcement required to
contain the burstingg forces if fy = 460 N/mm2.
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Solution
Individual Prism (150mm x 250mm)
In the vertical direction,
In the horizontal direction,
Solution
Max Fbst = 115 kN
Use T10 2 leg, As = 157 mm2
No of links = 575/157 = 3.7, use 4
Provide 4T10 through a distance of 250mm (2yo)
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Solution
Overall Prism (350mm x 750mm)
Equivalent 2ypo = (6 x 75 x 75)0.5 = 184mm
In the vertical direction
In the horizontal direction
Solution
Max Fbst = 690 kN
Use T16 2 leg, As = 402 mm2
No of links = 3450/402 = 8.5, use 9
Provide 9T16 through a distance of 750mm (2yo)
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Detailing Reinforcement
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