FINAL REPORT

HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDY

PARACHUTE CREEK DAM AND RESERVOIR
FLIP BUCKET AND PLUNGE POOL STILLING BASIN

FOT

CHEVRON SHALE OIL COMPANY

AND
UNION OIL COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA

By
James F. Ruff
and
Steven R. Abt

Engineering Sciences
ColOTado State University JUN 121980
Engineering Research Center
Fort Collins, Colorado

UlalfDl DD?51f1f?
JanuaTY,' 1980 CER79-80JFR-SRA36
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES iii

LIST OF TABLES. iii

CHAPTER I . . .
Introduction 1
General Description of the Project. 1
Scope of the Model Study . 4
Model Criteria. 4

CHAPTER II . . . . 6

The Model. 6
Model Construction. 6
CHAPTER III 8

Model Tests and Results. . 8

Model Test Program. 8
Flip Bucket-Plunge Pool 8

CHAPTER IV . . . . . . 12

Conclusions and Recommendations. 12

APPENDIX A - Piezometer Readings. 17

APPENDIX B - Backwater Calculations in the Conduit. 20
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 - Plan of Parachute Creek Dam. . . . . . . . . . . . .2 & 3

Figure 2 - Design Inflow Flood HydrograT>h and Spillway Outflow Hydrograph. 4
Figure 3 - Schematic Drawing of Model . 6
Figure 4 - Photograph of Model . 7
Figure 5 - Piezometer Locations in Flip Bucket . 7
Figure 6 - Profile view of original basin during operation at 15,000 cfs 8
Figure 7 - Dispersion Flip Bucket (Modification 10) . . . . 10
Figure 8 - Plan View of Outflow Channel with Recommended Guide Vanes . . . . .11
Figure 9 - Recommended design for flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet channel entrance . 13
Figure lOa - Flow conditions in recommended flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet
channel entrance, 4,000 cfs. . . 14
Figure lOb - Flow conditions in recommended flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet
channel entrance, 8,000 cfs. . . . . . . . . . 14
Figure 10c - Flow conditions in recommended flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet
channel entrance, 12,000 cfs . 14
Figure 10d - Flow conditions in recommended flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet
channel entrance, 15,000 cfs . . . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 10e - Flow conditions in recommended flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet
channel entrance, 18,000 cfs . . . . 15
Figure 10f - Flow conditions in recommended flip bucket plunge pool stilling basin and outlet
channel entrance, 22,000 cfs . 15
Figure 11 - Waves near outlet channel entrance at a discharge of 22,000 cfs. 16

LIST OF TABLES

Table I - Model-Prototype Scale Ratios, Scale Ratio-l:19.75 5

Table II- Modification to' Plunge Pool Basin, Flip Bucket and Channel 9

iii
 INTRODUCTION

General Description of the Project through the spillway to the channel downstream. The
The Parachute Creek Dam and Reservoir proposed design inflow flood hydrograph and spillway outflow
for construction is a major feature of a system to hydrograph are shown in Figure 2. The inflow design
provide water to develop the oil shale resources of hydrograph has a peak discharge of 35,000 cfs and a
western Colorado. The dam and reservoir will store total volume of water of 17,000 acre-ft. The outflow
water originating in the headwaters of the Parachute design hydrograph results from routing the inflow
Creek Basin and also water pumped from the Colorado design hydro graph through the reservoir with the
River. The dam is to be located on Parachute Creek proposed spillway. The outflow hydro graph has a peak
in Garfield county in western Colorado. A plan of the discharge of 22,000 cfs which is the required design
dam and appurtenant works is shown in Figure 1. The capacity of the spillway, conduit, flip bucket and
dam consists of an earth embankment across Parachute plunge pool.
Creek. The embankment will rise to a maximum height
of 193 ft. The crest of the dam will have a length of The design discharge will reach the spillway
about 2463 ft. The reservoir will have an ultimate conduit exit portal under a velocity head of more than
storage capacity of approximately 33,773 acre-ft. 100 ft. This results in a velocity of about 85 fps
at the flip bucket. The energy in the flowing water
The spillway for the dam is located near the must be substantially dissipated before being allowed
right (west) abutment. It consists of a vertical free into the outlet channel. The outlet channel conveys
fall morning glory spillway, emptying into a horizon- the water from the plunge pool basin to the Parachute
tal conduit. There are six streamline guide vanes Creek streambed. The outlet connecting the stilling
located on the crest of the morning glory spillway basin to Parachute Creek has been located well down-
which extend radially across the spillway crest. stream from the toe of the dam as shown on Figure 1.
These guide vanes prevent vortex action from drawing The outlet channel has a 100 ft bottom width which is
too much air into the spillway shaft. The shaft necessary to accommodate the design discharge of
empties into a ninety degree elbow and circular conduit 22,000 cfs. The channel bottom and side slope will be
which have been designed to flow partially full over protected by riprap to a depth of 4 ft corresponding
the entire length of the conduit. Near the downstream to the water level resulting from a flood with a
end of the conduit the lower half of the circular recurrence interval exceeding 100 years. The calcu-
tunnel is changed to a rectangular shape through a lated Parachute Creek tailwater depth at a discharge
transition. The resulting horseshoe' shaped conduit of 22,000 cfs is approximately 14 ft in the valley
extends for approximately 175 ft to the portal. A downstream of the poi~t of return to Parachute Creek.
flip bucket is located downstream from the portal of The water surface elevation at this point will be
the tunnel. A flip bucket,is constructed with a sixty approximately 5617. The maximum tailwater surface at
foot vertical curve starting at the portal and term- the entrance to the outlet channel is expected to be
inating 5.6 ft above the invert elevation of the greater than 5623. Therefore, the valley tailwater
portal. Th.e angle at the lip of the flip bucket was will not interfere with the operation of the stilling
initially set at twenty five degrees above horizontal. basin and outlet channel.
The flip bucket discharges into a plunge pool which
utilizes an overflow side weir arrangement to discharge The plunge pool combined with the flip bucket is
into the outlet channel shown in Figure 1. expected to substantially dissipate the energy in the
spillway outflow before it enters the discharge chan-
The spillway for Parachute Creek Dam has been nel. Since this plunge pool discharges through aside
designed to pass the design flood resulting from a overflow weir arrangement and is specifically tailored
probable maximum precipitation occurrence. The design to fit the specific location, it is not certain that a
criteria corresponds to a Category One level of preliminary engineering layout of the plunge pool will
protection. This criteria assures that the inflow perform satisfactorily. For this reason a hydraulic
hydrograph due to the probable maximum precipitation model testing program was conducted to establish a
occurrence does not overtop the dam but is passed recommended design and configuration of the flip

1
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CHA~ SECTIONS
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 35

30

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00 5 10 15
TIME FROM BEGINNING OF RAINFAL,-, HOURS

Figure 2 - Design Inflow Flood Hydrograph

and Spillway Outflow Hydrograph

bucket and plunge pool. The st~dy was initiated using Model Criteria
a plunge pool based upon United States Bureau of The purpose of the model study is to predict pro-
Reclamation design criteria. totype behavior. The principles of similitude are
applied to determine in so far as possible an indi-
Scope of the Model Study cation of full scale phenomena based upon model tests.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate hydrau- The Froude number V/1:iO is the significant parameter
lic characteristics of flow in the plunge pool stilling for this model study. The Froude number represents
basin. The specific objectives of the model study are: the ratio of the inertial forces to the gravitational
force. The plunge pool is used to reduce the kinetic
1) to insure that energy is satisfactorily energy of the flowing water entering the pool through
dissipated within the plunge pool; dissipation of the energy and through conversion to
2) to observe flow patterns in the plunge potential energy before it leaves the pool. Therefore,
pool stilling basin; the Froude criterion was selected to determine the
3) to observe the flow in the flip bucket; geometric scale of the model. A geometric scale ratio
4) to modify the basin geometry, flip bucket of 1:19.75 (model-prototype) was selected based upon a
geometry, and channel geometry, if needed, model size that would give an accurate representation
to provide satisfactory energy dissipation of the flow conditions. Since it was anticipated that
and flow conditions for the final design there would be some modifications to the plunge pool
of the stilling basin. basin the scale ratio was determined primarily based
upon the ease of construction, construction tolerances,
available space and facilities, and economy. A list of
some characteristic model-prototype ratios based upon
the selected scale is given in Table I.

4.
TABLE 1. Model-Prototype Scale Ratios, Scale Ratio - 1:19.75

Scale Ratio Absolute Magnitude

Parameters Function of Numerical Prototype Model
Length Ratio Ratio

LengtJl 1:19.75 19.75 ft 1 ft

Area 1:390 390 ft 2 1 ft 2
Velocity !z 1 :4.4 4.4 fps 1 cfs
LT
Discharge L 5/2 1:1733 1733 efs 1 cfs
r
Time 1:4.4 4.4 min. 1 min.

5
 Chapter II

THE MODEL

Model Construction Water was supplied to the model from an IS-inch turbine
The model consisted of a portion of the 22 ft pump. The discharge measurements were made with an
diameter conduit, a horseshoe shaped conduit near the orifice in the IS-inch supply line. The discharge was
outlet, the flip bucket. the plunge pool and about 150 regulated by a bypass valve at the pump and by a valve
ft of the downstream channel. A schematic representa- located upstream from the 22 ft diameter conduit model.
tion of the basin is shown in Figure 3 and a photograph The second valve also regulated the depth of flow in
of the completed model is shown in Figure 4. The 22 ft the conduit. Provisions were made to adjust the tail-
diameter conduit is represented by a l3.34-inch diam- water depths in the channel with stop logs. Piezo-
eter pipe. The flip bucket floor and walls were con- meters were used to measure pressures along the
structed from plexiglass. The plunge pool and down- centerline of the flip bucket and the downstream wall
stream channel were fabricated from lumber and plywood. on which the jet entering the pool impacted. The
locations of the piezometers are shown in Figure 5.

MOIlEI.

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If

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II I,
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Figure 3 - Schematic Drawing of Model

6
 Figure 4 - Photograph of Model

PIezometer Elevation
No. .!!Lf!!!
I 5614.4
2 15615.1
3 15616.3
4 ell6.5
5 el15~
e 15614.2
7 15613.3
8 15612.5
9 elII.9
10 ell I A
II 15611.2

ELEV. 5618.8' ------..'&SO

-
FLOW

II

SlOE VIEW - FLIP BUClCET

Figure 5 - Piezometer Locations in Flip Bucket

7
 Chapter III

MODEL TESTS AND RESULTS

Model Test Program At all discharges of 8,000 cfs or greater there was
The model test program was designed to provide considerable turbulence near the back wall of the
sufficient information to predict prototype behavior plunge pool with little energy dissipation being
for a wide range of discharges. The model was operated accomplished within the plunge pool itself. the jet
at 6 simulated discharges; 4,00~ 8,000, 12,000, 15,000, exiting from the flip bucket impacted on the back wall
18,000 and 22,000 cfs. All the discharges represented and was deflected upward beyond the top of the pro-
a condition when the flow water was flipped from the posed wall of the basin. In most cases this elevation
bucket into the plunge pool. The point where this extended approximately 15 to 20 ft above the proposed
sweeping out of the flow and flipping from the bucket wall. However, it would occasionally splash and spray
occurs is at a discharge estimated somewhere between to elevations as great as 30 to 40 ft above the wall
2,000 and 4,000 cfs. At discharges less than this a as can be seen at a discharge of 15,000 cfs in Figure
jump will form in the conduit and the water will flow 6. The water falling back into the basin caused waves
over the lip and spill onto the sloping apron of the along the right wall of the basin that surged back to
plunge pool. No problems are anticipated for these the flip bucket lip and partially submerged the jet.
flow conditions and therefore the model did not attempt The impact of the waves and the jet caused the jet
to evaluate flow under these conditions. trajectory to be deflected upward several degrees
resulting in almost an oscillating condition. These
Each test consisted of the following sequence of flow conditions were not satisfactory. Figure 6 shows
events. The discharge and depth of flow at the portal the adverse flow conditions within the basin and
of the conduit were adjusted by manipulation of the demonstrates the need for some modification to the
bypass valve at the pump and the valve located upstream basin.
from the conduit. Flow patterns in the flip bucket
and the stilling basin were observed visually and
recorded photographically. The tailwater depth was
adjusted to correspond to tailwater depths determined
from backwater calculations in the conduit. (see
Appendix B for calculations). Piezometers readings
were taken in the flip bucket for the initial sequence
of runs with the twenty five degree flip bucket lip.
Piezometer readings in the downstream wall were taken
only when the final dimensions of the plunge pool were
established. Peizometer readings on the flip bucket
were not taken when the modifications installed in the
flip bucket did not provide satisfactory performance
of the flip bucket plunge pool structures. Piezometer
i_
readings for the twenty five degree flip bucket without Figure 6 - Profile View of Orginal Basin During
modifications are presented in Appendix A Table A-I. Operation at 15,000 cfs.

Flip Bucket-Plunge Pool

Tests were performed starting with a plunge pool
basin 209.5 ft long by 117 ft wide. The floor was set Numerous modifications were installed and tested.
at an elevation of 17.4 ft below the invert at the A description of the modifications to the basin, flip
conduit portal or 22 ft below the lip of the flip bucket and downstream channel are presented in Table
bucket. II. From the initial tests it appeared that the plunge
pool would have to be lengthened and the depth of the
At a flow of 4,000 cfs, the jet trajectory caused pool increased. This was done in stages as indicated
the water to impact upon the back wall of the basin. by the change described in Table II. The proposed
Some spray and splash occasionally exceeded the propos- length and depth were suggested by observations of the
ed elevation of the top of the wall at elevation 5637.2. model and calculations based on ideal conditions.

8
TABLE II. Modifications to Plunge Pool Basin, Flip Bucket and Channel

Modification No. Description

1 Removed the 2:1 section of impact wall
2 Increased basin length to 232.5 ft measured
from flip bucket lip to intersection of back
wall and floor
3 232.5 ft basin - inserted 35 degree flip bucket
4 232.5 ft basin - 35 degree flip bucket -
lowered basin floor 11.5 ft
5 232.5 ft basin - 25 degree flip bucket -
lowered basin floor
6 Extended basin to 255 ft - 35 degree flip
bucket with lowered floor
7 255 ft basin - 25 degree flip bucket
with lowered floor at elevation 5582.3
8 255 ft basin - 35 degree flip bucket -
lowered floor with seawall and 5.75 ft high vane
in outflow channel
9 Extended basin 275 ft - 35 degree flip bucket
with lowered floor with seawall at elevation 5637.2, 5.75
ft high vane in outflow channel
10 Dispersion flip bucket extended 23 ft beyond
original flip bucket with 275 ft basin
11 Conical lip section - 10 ft elevation with 275 ft
basin
12 Conical lip section - 6.5 ft elevation with 275
ft basin
13 Conical lip section - 3.3 ft elevation with
275 ft basin
14 Extended 35 degree bucket outside original
flip bucket structure - 275 ft basin
15 35 degree bucket, 255 ft basin, angled channel
corner - double seawall - 9 ft high vane in
outflow channel
16 Lower seawall on impact wall with extended
255 ft basin - 35 degree bucket - angle channel
corner - 9 ft vane in outflow channel
17 Vertical wall - angle corner - lower single
seawall on impact wall - 35 degree bucket, 255 ft
basin - 9 ft vane in outflow
18 Angle corner 35 degree bucket - 255 ft basin
vertical wall - double seawall (upper seawall
2.5 x 2.5 ft; lower seawall extended horizontally
5.75 ft, vertically 2.5 ft; vane in outflow)
19 9 ft high vane in outflow - 35 degree bucket -
vertical wall - double seawall ~ angle corner -
255 ft basin
20 Two 5.75 ft high vanes in outflow channel.
vertical back wall - 35 degree bucket - 255
ft basin - double seawall

9
 In addition to the changes in the basin, it was less than about 18,000 cfs. Overall energy dissipa-
felt that the trajectory of the jet could be improved tion and flow conditions were not as satisfactory as
by increasing the angle of the flip bucket from 25 the flow conditions in the 255 ft plunge pool basin.
degrees to 35 degrees. At 25 degrees the jet did not Before reinstalling the 255 ft basin, modifications
appear to penetrate the water surface satisfactorily to the flip bucket were attempted.
and was deflected almost horizontally along the water
surface or impacted on the wall and was deflected Several different types of deflectors were in-
upward without sufficient energy dissipation to keep stalled in the flip bucket and were tested in addition
the water within the basin. With a 35 degree deflector, to the 35 degree lip. The dispersion flip bucket
the jet entered the water at a greater angle and was CModification 10) was the only additional deflector
able to penetrate to the floor of the basin and impact that performed satisfactorily other than the 35 degree
where expected. This plunging jet provided greater lip. The photograph of the dispersion flip bucket as
energy dissipation within the pool and on the flow and it was installed is shown in Figure 7. The dispersion
walls of the basin rather than surging upward beyond bucket extended approximately 23 ft beyond the proposed
the top of the walls. bucket and the elevation of the lip was raised approx-
imately 8 ft above the proposed elevation of the lip.
The distance to the back wall of the plunge pool
extended by stages to determine the best location.
Three modified baSin lengths were tested: 232.5 ft,
255 ft, and 275 ft. The length of the basin is
measured from the flip bucket lip to the intersection
of the basin floor and back wall. The depth of the
i
pool was increased by 11.5 ft which placed the floor
at elevation 5582.3 after the 232.5 ft basin was
tested.

Flow conditions in the 232.5 ft long basin were

similar to those for the original basin. A portion
of the jet still impacted high on the back wall.
Lowering the basin floor by 11.5 ft, showed some
improvement but conditions were still not satisfactory.

The basin was extended to 255 ft in length with Figure 7 - Dispersion Flip Bucket
the floor elevation remaining at 5582.3. Flow con- (Modification No. 10)
ditions were substantially improved with these basin
dimensions. Flow conditions were further improved by
installing the 35 degree flip bucket lip. Some spray
and splash over the back wall were still evident. The improvement of the performance with this lip resul-
Therefore, the basin wall was extended to 275 ft. ed from the jet not being influenced by the tailwater
and from the spreading of the jet to force more flow
Flow conditions in the 275 ft basin were less into the right side of the outlet channel. The im-
satisfactory Lhan those in the 255 ft basin. This was provement did not warrant final consideration because
due to the energy of the jet not being dissipated by of the massiveness of the structure that would be
impact with the back wall. The jet entered the pool required in the prototype and because of later results
and was deflected horizontally with little energy achieved in the testing program.
dissipation. When the jet encountered the back wall
it was again deflected upward with little energy The 255 ft plunge pool basin was reinstalled in
dissipation. The flow emerged from the pool and the an effort to optimize the flow conditions within the
water was carried above the height of the proposed basin. A back wall was installed at a slope of 1:2
top of the wall. The addition of a seawall assisted horizontal to vertical. Seawalls were tested at dif-
in containing the water within the basin for the flows ferent elevations and in combinations in an effort to

10
reduce the occasional splash and spray from overtopping Guide vanes were installed in the entrance to the
the back wall. The most improvement was noted with a outlet channel in an effort to direct the flow down-
seawall located about 14 ft from the proposed top of stream and to prevent the cross flow from surging over
the wall. the left wall of the outlet channel. Near the entrance
to the outlet channel small standing waves were ob-
The back wall of the plunge pool basin was rotated served. The guide vanes reduced the magnitude of these
to the vertical position and tested. This wall per- standing waves and reduced the surges in the channel.
formed satisfactorily with the seawalls installed onit. However, the elevation of the channel walls should be
increased by approximately 3 ft to elevation 5627 to
The tailwater to the right of the flip bucket in contain the flow entirely within the channel.
the plunge pool was about elevation 5632 at 22,000 cfs.
This tailwater depth still influenced the trajectory Two different guide vane arrangements were tested
of the jet and resulted in considerable cross flow at in the outlet channel. The configuration of the vanes
the entrance to the outlet channel. Some improvement are shown in Figure 8. One consisted of a 9 ft high
of the flow conditions in the outlet channel resulted wall extending from the beginning of the channel down-
from the installation of a guide vane in the center of stream approximately 107 ft. This guide vane was
the channel. Improvement in the basin flow conditions located along the centerline of the outlet channel.
and the outlet channel flow conditions was accomplished
by removing the corner between the stilling basin and The second guide vane arrangement consisted of two
the right side of the channel. This increased the flow guide vanes located along lines approximately 18 ft
cross section and allowed the flow to enter the channel from the centerline of the channel. These guide vanes
with less restriction. This modification also reduced were 5.75 ft high and approximately 59 ft long. The
the tailwater depth about 1 ft. end of the left guide vane was placed 29.58 ft u;>stream
from the outlet channel. The end of the right guide
Some of the turbulence and waves generated within vane was located 9.83 ft from the channel outlet.
the plunge pool were carried into the outlet channel. Both guide vane configurations performed satisfactorily.

Channel
Stilling Basin En. nee

Single 9 ft. high

guide vone

" r
Flow
Pr~
ehOl)ne'-
guide
ntS
Flow

I
'9" high

Channel Outlet

Figure 8 - Plan View of Outflow Channel with Recommended Guide Vanes

11
 Chapter IV

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The recommended design for the flip bucket plunge results in a drawdown of the water surface as can be
pool stilling basin and outlet channel entrance based seen in the views of Figure 10 which show the right
upon the hydraulic model study test results is shown wall. The guide vanes installed in the outlet channel
in Figure 9. These designs provide satisfactory energy perform well by directing the flow downstream. At
dissipation and flow conditions with the expectation 22,000 cfs there are standing waves observed at the
that some maintenance may be necessary in the channel transition to the entrance of the outlet channel.
and plunge pool basin when the extremely rare flow There are some waves on the surface of the water in
events greater than about 12,000 cfs pass through this the outlet channel as shown in Figure 11 but these
structure. should be contained within the channel with the walls
extended to the recommended elevation of 5627 near
The model was tested with vertical walls in the the entrance. At 18,000 cfs flow conditions in the
lower portion of the basin between elevation 5582.3 basin are still satisfactory, there is an occasional
and 5593.8. This was required because of an unantici- splash over the back wall of the basin and standing
pated structural change made in the model. Performance waves are noted at the entrance to the outlet channel.
of the basin will be similar if the walls of the basin At 22,000 cfs there is some dispersion of the jet due
parallel to the centerline of the conduit sloped at to the high tailwater and there is an occasional
1:1 (horizontal to vertical) and the upstream side is splash over the back wall of the basin. There are
extended at the present slope of 3:1 to the basin floor. standing waves observed near the entrance to the out-
The downstream or impact wall should remain vertical. let channel along the left and right walls and an
These recommended changes should alleviate ice problems occasional wave will reach the top of the left channel
and improve construction techniques in the prototype wall.
basin. These improvements have been reflected in
Figure 9. The top of the back impact wall of the plunge
pool should be set at elevation 5637.2 as originally
Figure 10 gives a pictorial representation of the established. Some splash over the top may be expected
flow conditions for the discharges tested. Flow con- at the discharges greater than 15,000 cfs. A single
ditions at 4,000 cfs are excellent within the basin. seawall should be located at elevation 5623.2 and
A small hydraulic jump forms near the right guide vane extend around to the side walls as shown in Figure 9.
but is not detrimental to flow in the channel. At The seawall should extend horizontally outward from
8,000 cfs the tailwater in the plunge pool basin is the wall a minimum distance of 5.75 ft.
high enough that it just touches the lower edge of the
jet, causing some dispersion of the lower portion of Two guide vanes are recow~ended for installation
the jet. Flow conditions are satisfactory within the in the outlet channel. These vanes should be a
basin with energy being dissipated by the turbulence minimum of 5.75 ft high. The recommended locations of
and impact of the jet. Flow conditions within the the vanes are shown in Figure 9. These vanes will
outlet channel are satisfactory. At 12,000 cfs there assist in directing the flow into the outlet channel
is slightly more dispersion of the jet due to the and provide satisfactory flow conditions in the
effect of the tailwater. However, the flow conditions entrance to the outlet channel.
within the basin are still satisfactory. There is some
acceleration of the flow along the right wall and near All of the above flow conditions are considered
the entrance to the outlet channel. This acceleration satisfactory. Some maintenance may be required if
the extreme flood flow event occur.

12
 31"'____
_---- '6<1'2' - - - - - - - r - 2 9 ' 1 '

62'1'

29"" 29'1"
"1 71

34'S'--I-----15.'Z'-------l

Figure 9 - Recommended Design for Flip Bucket Plunge Pool

Stilling Basin and Outlet Channel Entrance

13
Figure 11 - Waves near outlet channel entrance
at a discharge of 22,000 cfs

16
APPENDIX A

17
 Table A-I - Piezometer Readings

ModificaLion No. 20
35 degree lip
vertical wall

Piezometer 4,000 8,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 22,000

No, cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs

1 5617.2 5619.7 5621.2 5623.3 5624.6 5625.9

2 5617.5 5619.7 5621.3 5623.8 5624.9 5626.1
3 5617.5 5620.0 5621.6 5623.8 5624.9 5626.1
4 5617.2 5618.4 5619.7 5620.7 5618.0 5622.6
5 5618.4 5617.7 5618.4 5618.8 5620.0 5620.7
6 5668.4 5682.5 5688.3 5681.7 5693.2 5696.7
7 5635.8 5650.4 5660.3 5661.1 5671.0 5676.0
8 5627.9 5641.4 5649.6 5653.7 5662.0 5666.9
9 5626.7 5638.1 5646.3 5652.9 5661.1 5667.7
10
11 5620.0 5627.4 5634.8 5641.4 5649.6 5657.0
TWE 5618 5622 5624 5627 5629 5632
at lip

Modification No, 20
25 degree lip

Piezometer 4,000 8,000 12,000 15.000 18,000 22,000

No. cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs cfs

1 5617.0 5618.8 5621.0 5622.3 5624.8 5627.9

2 5617.2 5619.3 5621.2 5622.6 5625.3 5628.1
3 5617.2 5620.0 5621.6 5623.3 5625.4 5629.4
4 5617.4 5620.5 5623.5 5625.4 5627.6 5630.9
5 5625.8 5632.7 5641.2 5642.1 5644.4 5648.5
6 5627.6 5636.5 5646.7 5648.3 5650.9 5655.2
7 5626.7 5636.6 5648.1 5650.8 5653.7 5658.2
8 5625.6 5635.6 5645.7 5648.1 5652.8 5655.4
9 5625.9 5636.5 5648.5 5650.9 5654.6 5659.3
10
11 5619.0 5627.4 5636.3 5640.4 5645.5 5650.0
TWE 5620.0 5625.0 5627.0 5628.0 5629.0 5630.0
at lip

18
Modification No. 15 Modification No. 20
35 degree lip 35 degree lip
Sloped Impact Wall Vertical wall

Elevation Piezometer Piezometer Piezometer Elevation Piezometer Piezometer Piezometer

#1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3
Discharge 5602.0 5612.0 5592.0 Discharge 5602.0 5612.0 5592.0

4,000 5622.5 5620.8 5619.2 4,000 5619.2 5622.5 5615.9

8,000 5628.2 5625.8 5620.8 8,000 5626.2 5638.9 5616.3
12,000 5643.9 5629.1 5621. 7 12,000 5638.1 5634.8 5623.7
15,000 5645.5 5630.7 5621.7 15,000 5643.0 5640.2 5627.4
18,000 56.50.5 5643.9 5630.7 18,000 5645.5 5636.5 5643.0
22,000 5649.6 5649.6 5638.9 22,000 5651. 3 5644.3 5644.7

Modification No. 20
25 degree lip
Vertical Wall

Elevation Piezometer Piezometer Pi~zometer

#1 #2, #3
Discharge 5602.0 5612.0 5592.0

4,000
8,000 5623.6 5630.0 5620.3
12,000 5634.3 5643.7 5621.3
15.000 5638.8 5643.0 5625.3
18,000 5650.0 5647.7 5631.9
22,000 5652,8 5648.6 5638.6

19
APPENDIX B

20
 WATER DEPTH - DISCHARGE CURVE
15 AT OUTLET PORTAL

-
.::.

25000

Discharge, Q (efa)

U/S Station 17+00 = 22.0 ft 1.0. Concrete Conduit

D/S Station 17+30 = 22.0 ft Concrete Horseshoe Conduit
Between stations 17+00 and 17+30 = Smooth warp transition
Ref. (1) = Design Calculations, J. E. Halcomb, 2/26/75

21
 WATER SURFACE PROFILE COMPlrrATIONS

D = 22 ft, n = 0.014, Q = 7,000 cfs

Station II!. Trail d a v hv r r2/3 s 51 + 52 d 2 + hV2 Invert Datum

--2- llhL ElIhL Remarks
+miL E1ev. Gradient
ft d/O ft ft 2 fps ft ft ft 2/ 3 ft/ft ft/ft ft ft; ft ft

9 + 50 0 164. B1 5640.49 5B05.30

10 + 00 7B.54 0.231B 5.10 66.BO 104.79 170.52 3.02 2.09 0.22313 17.52 17.52 193.14 5617.71 5B10.S8 Circular Conduit
0.2341 5.15 67.73 103.35 165.B5 3.05 2.10 0.2149B 16.BB 16.BB 1Bl. BB 5617.71 5B05.62

13 + 50 350 0.2727 6.00 B3.98 B3.36 107.90 3.47 2.29 0.11762 0.16630 58.20 75.08 188.98 5615.20 5804.1B
0.2736 6.02 84.36 82.97 106.91 3.48 2.30 0.11551 0.16524 57.84 74.72 187.65 5615.20 5802.B5
0.2718 5.98 83.59 83.74 108.90 3.46 2.29 0.11869 0.16683 515.39 75 .. 27 190.15 5615.20 5805.35

17 + 00 350 0.3045 6.70 97.93 71.48 79.33 3.81 2.44 0.07617 0.09743 34.10 109.37 195.40 5612.66 5808.06
0.3073 6.76 99.1B 70.5B 77.35 3.83 2.45 0.07366 0.0961S 33.66 108.93 193.04 5612.66 5805.70

19 + 00 200 0.2227 4.90 107.80 64.94 65.47 3.30 2.22 0.07595 0.074131 14.96 123.89 194.26 5611. 21 5805.41 Horseshoe Condui t

o '" 22 ft, n = 0.014, Q = 14,000 cfs

9 + 50 0 168.21 5640.49 580B.70

10 + 00 78.54 0.3773 B.30 131. 30 106.63 176.54 4.51 2.73 0.13541 10.64 10.64 195.48 5617.74 5B13.22 Circular Conduit
0.381B 8.40 133.41 104.94 170.99 4.55 2.75 0.12925 10.15 10.15 189.54 5617.74 5807.28
0.3805 B.37 132.80 105.42 172.57 4.54 2.74 0.13139 10.32 10.32 191.26 5617.74 5809.00

13 + SO 350 0.4182 9.20 150.72 92.89 133.98 4.87 2.87 0.09298 0.11219 39.26 49.58 192.76 5615.20 5B07.96

17 + 00 350 0.4545 10.00 168.07 83.30 107.74 5.16 2.99 0.06889 0.08094 28.33 77.91 195.65 5612.66 5808.31

19 + 00 200 0.3659 8.05 177.10 79.05 97.04 4.62 2.77 0.07229 0.970S,:) 14.12 92.03 197.12 5611.21 580B .33 Horseshoe Condui t

D '" 22 ft, n = 0.014, Q = 22,000 cfs

9 + SO 0 172.01 5640.49 5812.58

10 + 00 78.54 0.5455 12.00 212.06 103.74 167.12 5.80 3.23 0.09156 7.19 7.19 186.31 5617.74 5804.05 Circular Conduit
0.5364 11.80 207.68 105.93 174.24 5.74 3.21 0.09666 7.59 7.59 193.63 5617.74 5811.37
0.5341 11.75 206.57 106.50 176.12 5.73 3.20 0.098;U 7.72 7.72 195.59 5617.74 5813.33
0.5350 11.77 207.01 106.28 175.38 5.73 3.20 0.09791 7.69 7.69 194.84 5617.74 5812.58

13 + SO 350 0.5818 12.80 229.46 95.88 142.75 6.01 3.31 0.07448 0.08619 30.17 37.86 193.41 5615.20 5808.61
0.5773 12.70 227.31 96.78 145.45 5.99 3.30 0.07634 0.08713 30.49 38.18 196.33 5615.20 5811.53
0.5764 12.68 226.89 96.97 146.00 5.9B 3.30 0.07664 0.08728 30.77 38.24 196.92 5615.20 5812.12

17 + 00 350 0.6227 13.70 248.83 88.41 121.38 6.32 3.42 0.05932 0.06798 23.79 62.03 197.11 5612.66 5809.77
0.6205 13.65 247.80 88.78 122.39 6.20 3.38 0.06124 0.06894 24.13 62.37 198.41 5612.66 5811.07
0.6195 13.63 247.33 88.95 122.86 6.20 3.37 0.06184 0.06924 24.23 62.47 198.96 5612.66 5B11.62
0.6182 13.60 246.72 89.17 123.47 6.19 3.37 0.06214 0.06939 24.29 62.53 199.60 5612.66 5B12.26

19 + 00 200 0.5318 11. 70 257.39 85.47 113.44 5.67 3.18 0.06412 0.06313 12.63 75.16 200.30 5611. 21 5811.51 Horseshoe Condui t
0.5305 11.67 256.76 85.68 114.00 5.66 3.17 0.06484 0.06349 12.70 75.23 200.90 5611.21 5812.11

lIL = Length of condui t a = Area of flow hv = Velocity head 5 = Friction slope

v2 vn 2
d = Depth of Flow v = Mean velocity r = Hydraulic radius n = Manning's coeficient
hv =2g" s = (1.4B6 r 2 n)

22