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Chaper 2

This document defines key terms related to matter, properties of matter, states of matter, the scientific method, mixtures, elements, chemical reactions, and the law of conservation of mass. It provides definitions for terms like matter, mass, physical and chemical properties, the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), the steps of the scientific method, types of mixtures, elements and compounds, reactants and products in chemical reactions, and the law of conservation of mass.

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100 views3 pages

Chaper 2

This document defines key terms related to matter, properties of matter, states of matter, the scientific method, mixtures, elements, chemical reactions, and the law of conservation of mass. It provides definitions for terms like matter, mass, physical and chemical properties, the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas), the steps of the scientific method, types of mixtures, elements and compounds, reactants and products in chemical reactions, and the law of conservation of mass.

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api-373649599
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2

Vocabulary
Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space
Mass: The amount of matter the object contains
Substance: Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
Pure Substance: Contains only one kind of matter
Physical Property: A quality or a condition of a substance that can be measured or observed
without changing the substances composition. Chemical composition of a substance.
Ex. Color ~ Odor ~ Solubility ~ Hardness ~ Density ~ Melting Point
Physical Change: Alteration of a substance with no effect on its only chemical, chemical
composition of substance.
Ex. Boil ~ Freeze ~ Dissolve ~ Melt ~ Condense ~ Break ~ Bend
Chemical Property: Ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction; changing from one
state to another.
Ex. Ability of wood to burn and form carbon dioxide
Chemical Change: The changing of one substance to another.
Ex. Iron turning into rust

States of Matter
Solid: Have a definite shape and volume and cannot be compressed
Liquid: Takes on shape of its container and has a definite volume
Gasses: Takes on shape and volume of its container. Particles are far apart and can be easily
compressed. (Refers to a substance that is a gas a room temperature)
Ex. Nitrogen, Oxygen
Vapor: Gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
Ex. Steam, water vapor

Scientific Method
Scientific Method: a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a problem.
Hypothesis: A proposed explanation or reason for what is observed.
Experiment: A means of testing a hypothesis.
Independent Variable: Variable that can be manipulated
Dependent Variable: Responding variable dependent on the independent.
Constant: Factor/variable that is not allowed to change
Control: Serves as a standard for competitions
Theory: generalization that explains a body or facts about a body
Scientific Law: Constance statements Constance statement that summaries to get results.

Mixtures
Mixture: Physical blend of two or more substances. Remember that the composition of
mixtures may vary.
Heterogeneous Mix: Not uniform in composition.
Ex. Dinner salad
Homogeneous Mix: Components are equally distributed throughout the mixture.
Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.
Ex. Salt water
Phase: Any part of a system with uniform composition and properties. Homogeneous mixtures
only have 1 phase. Vinegar and oil create two phases.

Elements
Element: Simplest form of matter that can exist under normal laboratory conditions. Cannot be
separated.
Ex. Carbon, Hydrogen
Compound: Substance that can be separated into simpler substances only by chemical means.
Ex: Heating a substance

Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reaction: One or more substances change into different substances.
Reactants: The starting substances in a chemical reaction
Products: The substance formed in a chemical reaction

Law of Conservation of Mass: In a physical or chemical reaction mass is neither created nor
destroyed. That is, the mass of the reactants.

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