ME 3420 Instrumentation and Measurement
Two-Tailed Gaussian Distribution Table
τ τ2
X −μ 1 −
τ= Prob Two (τ ) = ∫τ e 2
dτ
σ tailed 2π −
τ Prob(τ) τ Prob(τ) τ Prob(τ) τ Prob(τ) τ Prob(τ)
0.00 0.00000000 1.00 0.68268949 2.00 0.95449974 3.00 0.99730020 4.00 0.99993666
0.02 0.01595663 1.02 0.69227154 2.02 0.95661661 3.02 0.99747225 4.02 0.99994180
0.04 0.03190687 1.04 0.70166010 2.04 0.95864967 3.04 0.99763422 4.04 0.99994655
0.06 0.04784437 1.06 0.71085540 2.06 0.96060146 3.06 0.99778663 4.06 0.99995093
0.08 0.06376274 1.08 0.71985782 2.08 0.96247447 3.08 0.99792999 4.08 0.99995496
0.10 0.07965567 1.10 0.72866788 2.10 0.96427116 3.10 0.99806479 4.10 0.99995868
0.12 0.09551685 1.12 0.73728624 2.12 0.96599395 3.12 0.99819149 4.12 0.99996211
0.14 0.11134001 1.14 0.74571370 2.14 0.96764523 3.14 0.99831052 4.14 0.99996527
0.16 0.12711893 1.16 0.75395119 2.16 0.96922733 3.16 0.99842231 4.16 0.99996818
0.18 0.14284743 1.18 0.76199979 2.18 0.97074254 3.18 0.99852725 4.18 0.99997085
0.20 0.15851942 1.20 0.76986066 2.20 0.97219310 3.20 0.99862572 4.20 0.99997331
0.22 0.17412885 1.22 0.77753513 2.22 0.97358123 3.22 0.99871809 4.22 0.99997557
0.24 0.18966974 1.24 0.78502461 2.24 0.97490908 3.24 0.99880470 4.24 0.99997765
0.26 0.20513623 1.26 0.79233064 2.26 0.97617875 3.26 0.99888588 4.26 0.99997956
0.28 0.22052250 1.28 0.79945486 2.28 0.97739231 3.28 0.99896193 4.28 0.99998131
0.30 0.23582284 1.30 0.80639903 2.30 0.97855178 3.30 0.99903315 4.30 0.99998292
0.32 0.25103167 1.32 0.81316498 2.32 0.97965912 3.32 0.99909983 4.32 0.99998440
0.34 0.26614347 1.34 0.81975466 2.34 0.98071626 3.34 0.99916222 4.34 0.99998575
0.36 0.28115287 1.36 0.82617008 2.36 0.98172506 3.36 0.99922058 4.36 0.99998699
0.38 0.29605458 1.38 0.83241336 2.38 0.98268736 3.38 0.99927514 4.38 0.99998813
0.40 0.31084348 1.40 0.83848668 2.40 0.98360493 3.40 0.99932614 4.40 0.99998917
0.42 0.32551455 1.42 0.84439232 2.42 0.98447949 3.42 0.99937379 4.42 0.99999013
0.44 0.34006289 1.44 0.85013260 2.44 0.98531274 3.44 0.99941829 4.44 0.99999100
0.46 0.35448378 1.46 0.85570993 2.46 0.98610630 3.46 0.99945982 4.46 0.99999180
0.48 0.36877261 1.48 0.86112675 2.48 0.98686176 3.48 0.99949859 4.48 0.99999254
0.50 0.38292492 1.50 0.86638560 2.50 0.98758067 3.50 0.99953474 4.50 0.99999320
0.52 0.39693642 1.52 0.87148902 2.52 0.98826452 3.52 0.99956845 4.52 0.99999382
0.54 0.41080297 1.54 0.87643965 2.54 0.98891475 3.54 0.99959987 4.54 0.99999437
0.56 0.42452056 1.56 0.88124012 2.56 0.98953278 3.56 0.99962915 4.56 0.99999488
0.58 0.43808538 1.58 0.88589313 2.58 0.99011997 3.58 0.99965641 4.58 0.99999535
0.60 0.45149376 1.60 0.89040142 2.60 0.99067762 3.60 0.99968178 4.60 0.99999578
0.62 0.46474221 1.62 0.89476772 2.62 0.99120702 3.62 0.99970540 4.62 0.99999616
0.64 0.47782740 1.64 0.89899483 2.64 0.99170940 3.64 0.99972736 4.64 0.99999652
0.66 0.49074617 1.66 0.90308555 2.66 0.99218593 3.66 0.99974778 4.66 0.99999684
0.68 0.50349554 1.68 0.90704268 2.68 0.99263778 3.68 0.99976677 4.68 0.99999713
0.70 0.51607270 1.70 0.91086907 2.70 0.99306605 3.70 0.99978440 4.70 0.99999740
0.72 0.52847500 1.72 0.91456756 2.72 0.99347181 3.72 0.99980078 4.72 0.99999764
0.74 0.54070001 1.74 0.91814098 2.74 0.99385608 3.74 0.99981598 4.74 0.99999786
0.76 0.55274542 1.76 0.92159219 2.76 0.99421986 3.76 0.99983009 4.76 0.99999806
0.78 0.56460912 1.78 0.92492404 2.78 0.99456411 3.78 0.99984317 4.78 0.99999825
0.80 0.57628920 1.80 0.92813936 2.80 0.99488974 3.80 0.99985530 4.80 0.99999841
0.82 0.58778389 1.82 0.93124100 2.82 0.99519764 3.82 0.99986655 4.82 0.99999856
0.84 0.59909161 1.84 0.93423176 2.84 0.99548865 3.84 0.99987697 4.84 0.99999870
0.86 0.61021096 1.86 0.93711447 2.86 0.99576359 3.86 0.99988661 4.86 0.99999883
0.88 0.62114069 1.88 0.93989192 2.88 0.99602325 3.88 0.99989554 4.88 0.99999894
0.90 0.63187975 1.90 0.94256688 2.90 0.99626837 3.90 0.99990381 4.90 0.99999904
0.92 0.64242724 1.92 0.94514210 2.92 0.99649969 3.92 0.99991145 4.92 0.99999913
0.94 0.65278244 1.94 0.94762031 2.94 0.99671788 3.94 0.99991852 4.94 0.99999922
0.96 0.66294479 1.96 0.95000421 2.96 0.99692361 3.96 0.99992505 4.96 0.99999930
0.98 0.67291388 1.98 0.95229647 2.98 0.99711752 3.98 0.99993108 4.98 0.99999936
ME 3420 Instrumentation and Measurement
Student’s-t Distribution Table
Level of Confidence (LOC)
ν = N-1 90% 95% 99% 99.5% 99.9%
1 6.31375 12.70620 63.65674 127.32130 636.61930
2 2.91999 4.30265 9.92484 14.08905 31.59905
3 2.35336 3.18245 5.84091 7.45332 12.92398
4 2.13185 2.77645 4.60409 5.59757 8.61030
5 2.01505 2.57058 4.03214 4.77334 6.86883
6 1.94318 2.44691 3.70743 4.31683 5.95882
7 1.89458 2.36462 3.49948 4.02934 5.40788
8 1.85955 2.30600 3.35539 3.83252 5.04131
9 1.83311 2.26216 3.24984 3.68966 4.78091
10 1.81246 2.22814 3.16927 3.58141 4.58689
11 1.79588 2.20099 3.10581 3.49661 4.43698
12 1.78229 2.17881 3.05454 3.42844 4.31779
13 1.77093 2.16037 3.01228 3.37247 4.22083
14 1.76131 2.14479 2.97684 3.32570 4.14045
15 1.75305 2.13145 2.94671 3.28604 4.07277
16 1.74588 2.11991 2.92078 3.25199 4.01500
17 1.73961 2.10982 2.89823 3.22245 3.96513
18 1.73406 2.10092 2.87844 3.19657 3.92165
19 1.72913 2.09302 2.86093 3.17372 3.88341
20 1.72472 2.08596 2.84534 3.15340 3.84952
21 1.72074 2.07961 2.83136 3.13521 3.81928
22 1.71714 2.07387 2.81876 3.11882 3.79213
23 1.71387 2.06866 2.80734 3.10400 3.76763
24 1.71088 2.06390 2.79694 3.09051 3.74540
25 1.70814 2.05954 2.78744 3.07820 3.72514
26 1.70562 2.05553 2.77871 3.06691 3.70661
27 1.70329 2.05183 2.77068 3.05652 3.68959
28 1.70113 2.04841 2.76326 3.04693 3.67391
29 1.69913 2.04523 2.75639 3.03805 3.65941
30 1.69726 2.04227 2.75000 3.02980 3.64596
60 1.67065 2.00030 2.66028 2.91455 3.46020
90 1.66196 1.98667 2.63157 2.87788 3.40194
120 1.65765 1.97993 2.61742 2.85986 3.37345
250 1.65097 1.96950 2.59564 2.83217 3.32987
500 1.64791 1.96472 2.58570 2.81955 3.31009
∞ 1.64476 1.95997 2.57583 2.80704 3.29054