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PSAT/NMS
Timing The PSAT/NMSQT<Bl has five sections. You will have 25 minutes each
for Sections 1-4 and 30 minutes for Section 5.

Scoring For each correct answer, you receive one point. For questions you
>- WEDNESDAY, omit, you receive no points. For a wrong answer to a multiple-choice
question, you lose a quarter (1,4) of a pOint. For a wrong answer to a
October 18, math question that is not multiple choice, you do not lose any points.
2006
(This is the authorized
administration date of Guessing If you can eliminate one or more choices as wrong, you increase your
this test form for entry chances of choosing the correct answer and earning one point. If you
to scholarship and can't eliminate any choices, move on. You can return to the question
recognition programs.) later if there is time.

Marking You must mark all of your answers on your answer sheet to receive
Answers credit. Make sure each mark is dark and completely fills the oval. If you
/
erase, do so completely. You may write in the test book, but you won't
receive credit for anything you write there.

Checking You may check your work on a particular section if you finish it before
Answers time is called, but you may not turn to any other section.

DO NOT OPEN THE TEST BOOK UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SOl
Unauthorized reproduction or use of any part of this test is prohibited.

Preliminary SATINational Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test

cosponsored by
~ j ..... NATIONALMERIT
L CollegeBoard ..... SCHOLARSHIP CORPORATION

1111111111111111111
733060
4CPT1
1 1 1
SECTION 1
Time - 25 minutes
24 Questions
(1-24)

Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.

4. If good judgment involves both logic and intuitive

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank reasoning, then suppressing the intuition might actually
indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath
------- judgment.
the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when . (A) distort (B) manipulate (C) replace
inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the (D) complement (E) regulate
sentence as a whole.
5. Today some historians of technology are trying to
Example:
.------ the reputations of forgotten inventors in order
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed to rescue them from undeserved obscurity.
a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both
(A) expunge (B) renounce (C) disavow
labor and management.
(D) standardize (E) revive
(A) enforce .. useful
(B) end .. divisive 6. He always spoke with a ------- tone that invested
(C) overcome .. unattractive even the most ------- conversations with a faint
(D) extend .. satisfactory air of illicitness.
(E) resolve .. acceptable
(A) conspiratorial .. innocuous
i B) thoughtful .. virtuous
1. Eleanor had the right combination of ------- and ------- (C) gUilty .. nefarious
to become the magazine's copy editor: she was an (D) candid .. meandering
: E) menacing .. truculent
expert proofreader and had worked in publishing for
many years.
7. Already famous for becoming ------- at the slightest·
(A) taste .. zeal criticism, the director surpassed himself by the -------
(B) talent .. independence of his anger at the nearly unanimous panning of his
(C) foresight .. background latest film.
(D) skill .. experience
(A) remorseful .. ferocity
(E) ambition .. objectivity
(B) vengeful .. complacency
(C) incensed .. vehemence
2. Many plants possess some ------- qualities and as a
(D) obsequious .. malevolence
result have effectively been used as folk remedies.
(E) dejected .. alacrity
(A) extraneous (B) therapeutic (C) ornamental
(D) emergent (E) imaginative 8. Although the poet's status as a modernist master is
by now all but -------, her unsavory politics continue
Geologist John Spray found that a seemingly ------- to ------- many who studyher works today.
distribution of ancient meteorite craters, when adjusted
(A) canonical .. berate
to the configuration of the Earth's continents 215
(B) incontrovertible .. trouble
million years ago, actually formed a distinct -------.
(C) undeclared .. instigate
(A) scattered .. abyss (D) hypothetical .. polarize
(B) localized .. expansion (E) inconclusive .. provoke
(C) random .. pattern
(D) prehistoric .. impression
(E) systematic .. increment

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 1 1 1
The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also
be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the
passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.

Questions 9-10 are based on the following passage. Questions 11-12 are based on the following passage.

We were pitied for going to Dunamara instead of to At a dinner party some time ago, a smooth and
some sandy beach. But we loved Dunamara; the rocks hypersatisfied young man boasted to me that he had
themselves, the derelict lobster pots and fish crates, the just completed a round-the-world sightseeing tour in
Line long clefts filled with anemones and fish like darning Line' 79 days. In one jet-streamed breath, he scuttled from
5 needles charmed us. Other cousins coming to see us 5 St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, via the Egyptian pyramids,
thought that we were a melancholy crew prowling to a Cambodian jungle temple. "That's the way to
along this broken shore, with muddy legs and rusty travel," he said. "You see everything important." When
hands, dragging some piece of iron or old ship's timber I suggested that the way to see important things was to
along with us; but we would not have changed places walk, he almost dropped his club soda.
10 with them on their bathing beaches. For we set a special
value on our shore, as a place fit for explorers and hunters. 11. Tn line 1, "smooth" most nearly means
(A) crafty
9. The details in lines 2-5 ("the rocks ... needles") serve
(8) velvety
primarily to illustrate the
(C) gentle
(A) humorous exaggeration of the narrator's (f) dull
description of Dunamara (E) suave
(B) notable differences between adult and juvenile
views of Dunamara 12. The author's attitude toward the "young man" (line 2)
(C) characteristics of Dunamara that the narrator is best characterized as
valued more than might be expected
(A) irate
(D) features that Dunamara shared with more-
(B) envious
popular beaches
(C) critical
(E) narrator's dissatisfaction with typical family
(D) indifferent
vacations
(E) apprehensive
10. The passage as a whole suggests that the attitude
of the "crew" (line 6) is most nearly one of
(A) youthful adventurousness
(B) childish petulance
. (C) nervous anticipation
(D) weary indifference
(E) deliberate recklessness

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 1 1 1
Questions 13-24 are based on the following passages. calls it. In the absence of knowledge of the physical nature
of consciousness, the question of whether it will ever be
These passages discuss artificial intelligence, the simula- possible to simulate it with a machine cannot be answered.
tion of mental activities by computers. Passage 1 is adapted
from a 1985 book review by a Nobel Prize-winning
Passage 2
chemist. Passage 2, written by a science journalist, is
adaptedfrom a 1996 book. There is an odd little subculture within science whose
50 members speculate about how intelligence might evolve
Passage 1 when or if it sheds its human component. Participants
are not practicing science, of course, but wishful thinking.
Artificial intelligence has attracted some of the world's
They are concerned not with what the world is, but with
best mathematicians and scientists. They have found it
what it might be centuries or millennia hence. Their sup-
possible to simulate sophisticated activities like playing
55 positions may nonetheless provide fresh perspectives on
Line chess but hard to imitate the simple ability of seeing in
some age-old philosophical questions: What would we do
5 three dimensions, as if it took more intelligence for a frog
if we could do anything? What are the ultimate limits of
to catch a fly than for a chess player to formulate winning
knowledge? One modern practitioner who addresses these
strategies.
questions is robotics engineer Hans Moravec. Moravec is
Common sense dictates that there is more to the human
60 a cheerful man who seems to be literally intoxicated by his
brain than problem solving and information processing,
own ideas. As he unveiled his visions of the future during
10 because with consciousness goes individuality, imagina-
my conversation with him, his intensity seemed propor-
tion, love of beauty, tears and laughter, heroism and
tional to the preposterousness of what he said.
cowardice, and occasionally artistic talent. Greatness in
Moravec asserted that science desperately needs new
art and poetry carries with it an idiosyncratic, evocative,
65 goals. "Most of the things that have been accomplished
often irrational way of looking at the world and expressing
in this century were really nineteenth-century ideas," he
15 its image, as in Paul Gauguin's paintings-which incorpo-
said. "It's time for fresh ideas now." What goal could be
rate nonnaturalistic colors and abstract figures-or Samuel
more thrilling than creating "mind children," intelligent
Taylor Coleridge's dreamlike ballad, "The Rime of the
machines capable of feats we cannot even imagine? In
Ancient Mariner." Irish writer George Moore expressed
70 his 1988 book Mind Children, Moravec discussed the
the distinction best when he said that art is not mathe-
possibility of creating such intelligent machines. He
20 matics, it's individuality. Even so, artificial intelligence
assured me that engineers will soon create robots that
experts are brilliant at confounding any specific distinction
can do household chores. And by the next century,
between humans and computers that a layperson raises. For
Moravec said, robots will be as intelligent as humans
example, A. M. Turing* devised a question-and-answer
75 and will essentially take over the economy. "We're really
game between A and B, who are in one room, and C, who
out of work at that point," Moravec claimed. Humans
25 is in another, and can communicate with A and B only
might still pursue "some quirky stuff like poetry" that
by typed messages. C tries to discover whether A or B
springs from psychological vagaries ~eyond the .grasp
is a person or a computer, but the computer defeats C's
of robots but robots will have all the Important Jobs.
interrogation. When C asks A to write a sonnet, the
80 But what, I asked, will these machines do with their
computer answers quite reasonably, "I never could write
newfound power? Will they be interested in pursuing
30. poetry." .
science for its own sake? "Absolutely," Moravec replied.
Will computers ever acquire consciousness? "That's the core of my fantasy: that our nonbiological
Physiologists have discovered how the eye processes
descendants without most of our limitations, could pursue
images, and they have mapped areas of the brain where 85 basic knowl~dge of things." In fact, science will be the only
speech and hearing are centered, but the physical nature
worthy motive of intelligent machines: "I'~ sure the ~asic
35 . of consciousness has eluded them. As a schoolboy, 1 was
labels and subdivisions of the nature of realIty are gOIng
mystified by gravity, and when 1 reached college 1 eagerly to change," Moravec added. "Machines may view human
attended physics lectures in hopes of learning what it really attitudes toward consciousness, for example, as hopelessly
is. I was disappointed when I was merely taught that 90 primitive, akin to the primitivepbysicsconcepts of the
gravity is what it does, that it is an attractive force between ancient Greeks."· ..
bodies that makes the apple fall with an acceleration of
10 meters per second. Perhaps consciousness is like that, *Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954) wall a pioneer in computer theory.
and we may get no further than stating that it is what it
does: a property of the brain that makes us aware ?f
ourselves and of the world around us, "a beam of hght
45 directed outward," as the fictional character Dr. Zhivago

.4-
1 1 1
13. In lines 12-18, the author of Passage 1 describes 18. The author of Passage 2 indicates that "Participants
'a certain type of "greatness" as are not practicing science" (lines 51-52) primarily
because they
(AI a misunderstood accomplishment
iB) an unreasonable expectation (A) bolster their beliefs with outmoded theories
(C) an achievement sought after but rarely attained (8) adhere to a philosophy that reveres machines
(D) the end result of intelligent decisions instead of human beings
(E) the product of a subjective and personal vision (C) exhibit an intensity that is uncharacteristic of
more levelheaded scholars
14. In George Moore's observation (lines 19-20), (D) ~re more concerned with gaining public attention
"mathematics" most likely refers to the than with making important discoveries
(E) speCUlate about what might happen instead of
(A) predictability of natural law
explaining observable phenomena
\ B \ ability of humans to think creatively
(C) workings of pure logic
19. Based on the second paragraph 'of Passage 2, the term
CD) simulation of human thought
"mind children" (line 68) is appropriate because it
(E) manipulation of data by machines
describes machines that will
15. In line 22, "raises" most nearly means (A) be the intellectual product of humans and have
the capacity to surpass them
(A) cultivates (B) be a constant source of worry as well as delight
(B) incites
for their human parents
(C) increases
(C) be capable of artistic creativity beyond that of
(D) brings up for consideration
their inventors
(E) places in a higher position
(D) create new generations of computers with even
greater intellectual sophistication
16. In lines 35-41 ("As a ... second"), the anecdote (E) lack the intellectual maturity of adult human
about physics serves to beings
(A) express frustration with the inflexibility of
scientific principles 20. In lines 75-76, Hans Moravec's pronouncement
(B) contrast a complex subject with one that is ("We're ... point") most directly reflects his
elementary con\)iction that
(C) suggest that certain phenomena can be
(A) robots will expand the boundaries of science
understood only partially
(B) people will lose their motivation to work
(D) illustrate how science helps people make
(C) society will be irreparably damaged
sense of the world (D) machines will undermine creativity
(E) criticize those who insist that everything
(E) robots will in most ways supplant humans
must have a purpose
21. In the last sentence of Passage 2 (lines 88-91), "the
17. The quote in lines 44-45 ("a beam ... outward") ancient Greeks" are referred to as people who
refers to the
(A) held some notions that today seem quaint and
(A) explanatory power of science outdated
(B) nature of human perception (B) believed they understood physics better than
_ (C) limits of artificial intelligence
other realms of knowledge
(D) social nature of human beings
(C) laid the foundations for many of the great
(E) physical structure of the brain
discoveries of science
(D) relied more on philosophical speculation than
on empirical observation
(E) made the most of the limited knowledge
available to them

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IGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGY
1 1 1
22. How does the reference to "poetry" in Passage 1 23. Given his prediction in lines 88-91 ("Machines ...
(line 13) relate to the reference to "poetry" in Greeks"), Moravec would most likely characterize
Passage 2 (line 77) ? the ideas about consciousness in Passage 1 as
(A) The first celebrates poetry's ability to capture (A) claims that eventually may be substantiated
human emotion; the second criticizes the by scientific research
banality of poetic sentiment. (g, solutions to age-old philosophical questions
(B) The first portrays poetry as a mark of human (L': axioms that have withstood the test of time
intelligence; the second suggests that robots ! U) views that are destined to become outmoded
are potentially capable of artistic endeavor. (') examples of self-destructive thinking
(C) The first points to the mysteries of the human
mind; the second suggests how readily the 24. The attitudes toward artificial intelligence expressed
mind's processes can be understood. by the author of Passage I and by Hans Moravec in
iD) The first presents poetry as an embodiment Passage 2, respectively, are best described as
of uniquely human creativity; the second
dismisses it as a superfluous enterprise. (A) reasoned concern and overwhelming anxiety
(E) The first suggests that few people can create (B) thoughtful skepticism and eager anticipation
(C) personal indignation and troubled indecision
poetry; the second implies that poetry can
be created by any intelligent entity. (D) moral reproach and unbridled enthusiasm
(E) knowledgeable assurance and cautious interest

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-6-
 2 D D 2 []
SECTION 2
Time - 25 minutes
20 Questions
(1-20)

Directions: For this section, solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet. You may use any available space for scratch work.

1. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All numbers used are real numbers.
ell 3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
B They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
o
Z
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
4. Unless otherwise specified, the domain of any function l is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
lex) is a real number.

-
c:
0
.~

E
~
G
..sc:
()
A=nr2
Ow ~Uh
e

A=tw
1
b

A= "2bh
(

V=twh
w E} b~ ~X'~
V=nr 2h ("2
a
= a 2 + b2
30°
x{3
h
s
45°

Special Right Triangles

c: C=2nr
e
~ The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
~ The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

1. If x = 1.38, what is 2x rounded to the nearest tenth? 2. If calendars cost k dollars each and notebooks cost
p dollars each, which of the following expressions
(A) 1.4 gives the total cost, in dollars, of 6 calendars and
(B) 2.6 3 notebooks?
(C) 2.7
(D) 2.8 (A) 3(2k + p)
(E) 3.0 (B) 3(2k + 3p)
(C) 6(k + p)
(D) 6(k + 3p)
(E) 9(k + p)

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

-9-
 2 D D 2 D D 2
m

---A(-4. "\

3. If the figure above is reflected about line m, which of

the following will be the resulting figure? 5. In the xy-plane above, the distance between points A
and B is 7. What are the coordinates of point B ?
(A) In (B) In
(A) (3, -2)
(3,0)

)
(B)

T (C) (3,2)
(D) (7,0)
(E) (7,2)
(C) In (D) In

(
(E) m

~
6. Which of the following expressions is greater than 1
if n is an integer greater than 2 ?

(A) n
n+I
n
(B)
2n +I
4. If x = 2 + Y and 3y = x, what is the value of y ? 2n
(C)
(A) 2 n +I
3 2n
(D)
(B) n2 +I
2
(C) 3 (E)
n
2 n2 +1
(D) 5

(E) 6

I GO ON lO THE NEXT PAGE;

-10-
 2 D D 2 D D 2
7. If July 1 falls on a Monday, then August 3 of the same THE NUMBER OF CARS
year falls on what day of the week? (July has 31 days.) SOLD BY MONICA EACH MONTH
(A) Tuesday 18
(B) Wednesday 17
(C) Thursday
16
(D) Friday
(E) Saturday 15
14
13
12
11
10

"'~ ~~ .I ~ I""'~~"~ ~
Month

9. According to the graph above, for how many months

from February to August was the number of cars
Monica sold greater than the number she sold the
previous month?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Four
(E) Five

8. For all positive values of a and b, let a I:::, b be

defined by a I:::, b = ~. How much larger is
81:::,8 than 61:::,6 ?
a+b
,
10. When a positive integer n is divided by 5, which of
(A) 1 the following CANNOT be the remainder?
(B) 2 (A) 1
(C) 4 (B) 2
(D) 7 (C) 3
, , (E) 28 (D) 4
(E) 5

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-11-
 2 D D 2 D D 2
B
NUMBER OF TELEPHONES
IN ONE RESIDENTIAL AREA
A~---""""'C
Telephones Number
per Home of Homes
0 2
1 9
2 18
EL...------'D
3 4
4 2
11. In the figure above, if ACDE is a square, what is the 5 1
area of polygon ABCDE ?
(A) 22 13. A survey revealed the data shown in the table above.
(B) 27 What fraction of the homes in the survey had exactly
(C) 31 1 telephone?
(D) 37 1
(E) 45 (A) 36

(B) 1
9

(C) 6

(D) 4

1
(E)
3

12. If 3 is subtracted from the square root of x, the result

is 8. What is the value of x-I ?
. n n+1
14. The number 0.123 between -
IS and - - for some
(A) 10 100 100
(B) 24 positive integer n. What is the value of n ?
(C) 60
(A) 1
(D) 66
(B) 12
(E) 120
(C) 13
(D) 120
(E) 130

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 2 D D 2 D D 2
15. The various averages (arithmetic means) of three of the 17. In the xy-plane, the line with equation
four numbers c, d, e, and f are calculated, and are
arranged from greatest to least as follows.
2x +y = 3 is perpendicular to the line
with equation y = mx + b, where m and.
The average of c. (r and e b are constants. What is the value of m?
The average of ;/. e . .U1~.I
(A) -2
The average of 1', J and.'
The average of f c. and ,j
(B)
2
Which of the following correclly orders c, d, e, and f
from greatest to least? (C) o
(A) c > d > f > e I
(D)
(B) d > f >e > c 2
(C) d > e >c > f
(E) 2
(D) e > c > f > d
(E) e > d > c > .f

18. The areas of the bottom, the side, and the front of a
rectangular box are r, s, and t square inches, respec-
tively. What is the volume of the box, in cubic inches?
(A) (rst)3
(B) (rst)2
(C) rst
(D) ..[iii
16. Which of the following could be the lengths of the (E) Viii
sides of a triangle?
(A) 2, 3, and 1
(B) 3, 6, and 9
(C) 3, 10, and 6
CD) 4, 7, and 2
(E) 7,8, and 9

IGO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE>

-13-
 2 D D D D 2
19. A train 200 meters long was traveling at a constant y
rate of 20 meters per second through a tunnel. It took
1 minute and 10 seconds from the time that the front B (3,2)
of the train entered the tunnel until the time that the
back of the train left the tunnel. What is the length of
the tunnel, in meters?
(A) 1,000 C(I,O)
(B) 1,200
(C) 1,400
20. In the figure above, what is the area of quadrilateral
(D) 1,600
OABC?
(E) 2,000
(A) 3

(B) 3 1
2
(C) 4

(D) 4 1
2
(E) 5

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-14-
3 3 3 3 3 333 3
SECTION 3
Time - 25 miDutes
24 Questions
(25-48)

Direct.ODs: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.

27. Rona's ------- manner during drama club meetings dif-

Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank fered noticeably from that of the other club members,
indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath who were ------- about theater and wanted to produce
the sentence are five words or sets of words labeled A professional-quality plays.
through E. Choose the word or set of words that, when
inserted in the sentence, best fits the meaning of the (Al disaffected .. lethargic
sentence as a whole. ( B) affable .. indiscrimi nate
(C) scornful .. disgruntled
Example: (D) enthusiastic .. avid
Hoping to ------- the dispute, negotiators proposed ( f: J nonchalant .. ardent
a compromise that they felt would be ------- to both
labor and management. 28. The company's self-serving executives ------- the latest
earnings report, boasting that the stellar performance
(A) enforce .. useful resulted entirely from their masterful leadership.
(B) end .. divisive
(C) overcome .. unattractive (A) vaunted (S) begui./ed (C) enervated
(D) extend .. satisfactory (D) castigated (E) exonerated
(E) resolve .. acceptable
29. Though the conferees did not voice support for the
resolution explicitly, they conveyed ------- approval
25. Dr. Mae C. Jemison, whose interests include dance, by applauding.
theater, politics, and science, noted that many people
do not see the ------- science and dance, but that the (A) d~mog(aphic (B) temporal (C) filial
two are ------- because both are expressions of (D) tacit (E) prescient
boundless creativity.
(A) meaning of .. predicated
(B) connection between .. linked
(C) relationship of .. opposed
(D) beauty of .. segmeqted
(E) controversy about .. joined

26. The new plastic is highly -------, able to withstand

great stress without suffering permanent damage.
(A) opaque (B) circuitous (C) extrinsic
(D) definitive .(E) resilient

; GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE>

-16-
 3 3 3 3 3 333 3
The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of re1!lted passages may also
be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the
passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.

Questions 30-33 are based on the following passages. 30. The primary purpose of Passage 1 is to
(A) detail the nature of the risks involved
Passage 1 in growing GMOs
(B) warn against the use of GMOs
If we had a sensible global strategy for producing (C) define what constitutes a GMO
food for humanity, then genetically modified organisms (D) discuss the importance of preserving
(GMOs) might have a place. But present-day food existing ecosystems
Line strategies are ineffective, and using GMOs at this time (E) propose a strategy for producing more
5 means taking risks. While even the perpetrators of GMOs food globally
acknowledge theoretical dangers-that modified crops
could be toxic to people and wildlife-the risks, we 31. The primary purpose of Passage 2 is to
are told, are small. But the risks are not known to be
small: they are not known at all, and in principle they (A) provide support for the use of genetically
10 are unknowable. The consequences of dropping exotic modified crops
transformed plants into ecosystems can hardly begin to be (B) explain natural genetic engineering
anticipated. To quote Oliver Cromwell in the seventeenth (e) discuss how genetically modified crops
century: "I beseech you Gentlemen ... think it possible are developed
you may be mistaken." (D) analyze the financial benefits of genetically
modified crops
Passage 2 (E) evaluate different methods of growing crops
15 Critics of genetically modified crops cannot escape
the fact that in 2002 nearly six million farmers worldwide, 32. The discussion in Passage 2 suggests that its
more than 75 percent of them in developing countries, author would most likely view the "risks"
grew these crops. Why have farmers made this choice? (Passage 1, line 7) as
Quite simply, genetically modified crops deliver real, (A) prohibitive, because not enough is known
20 'sustainable benefits for agriculture, human health, and
about modified crops
the environment by reducing pesticide use and increasing (B) moderate, given the possible impact on the
yields. environment
A frequent objection to genetically modified crops (C) slight, since e~nsive research reveals no ill
is that they pose immeasurable risks. Yet we all have effects of genetically modified crops
25 eaten genetically modified food. Conventional plant
(D) acceptable, given the potential for beneficial
breeding uses many natural mutants; this is natural outcomes
genetic engineering. If we replicate what nature has (E) unknown, because genetically altered crops
already done, are we really doing anything different? represent a recent develop~ent

33. Unlike Passage 1, Passage 2 makes use of

(A) literary reference
(B) personal anecdote
(C) long-range prediction
(D) statistical information
(E) emotional appeal
I

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 3 3 3 3 3 333 3
Questions 34-39 are based on the following passage. language, brought into existence by my parents in a
language that had not been theirs at their birth. Spanish was
In this passage, the author discusses the role of Spanish in 45 able to catch me as I fell because it had many years before
his life. The son of Eastern European immigrants to caught my mother and my father just as gently and with
Argentina, he was born in Argentina, spent most of his many of the same promises.
childhood years in the United States, and moved to Chile at
age 12. He now divides his time between Chile and the * peninsula in southwestern Europe on which Spain and Portugal are
located
United States.
When I was born, I was falling. Like every child who
was ever born, I was falling into solitude and nothingness, 34. In lines 1-14 ("Like ... family"), the author suggests
and my mother, by the very first words I heard her speak, that the Spanish that surrounded him as all infant must
Line inadvertently stopped my descent by introducing me to have given him a sense of
5 Spanfsh, by sending Spanish out to catch me, cradle me,
pull me back from the abyss. (A) anxiety
I was a baby: a pad on which any stranger could scrawl (B) disillusionment
his signature. A passive little baby, shipwrecked, no ticket (C) security
back, not even sure that a smile, a scream, my only (D) excitement
10 weapons, could help me to surface. And then Spanish slid (E) triumph.
to the rescue, in my mother's words and soon in her
murmurs and lullabies and in my father's deep voice of 35. The author uses the word "hum" (line 13) to convey a
protection and in his jokes and in all the hum of love that sense of
would soon envelop me from an extended family. Maybe (A) monotonous activity
15 that was my first exile: I had not asked to be born, had not (B) understated musiC
chosen anything, not my face, not the face of my parents, (C) well-oiled machinery
not my nearby country, not my unpronounceable name. But (D) raucous commotion
Spanish was there at the beginning, convincing me slowly, (E) constant presence
sound by sound, that life was worth living, that everything
20 can be named and that, therefore, in theory, the world 36. In lines 11-22 ("But Spanish ... promise"), the author
belongs to us. It promised, my Spanish, that it would take characterizes Spanish as a
care of me. And for a while, it delivered on its promise.
My Spanish did not report that on its boundaries other (A) sibling
languages roamed, waiting for me, greedy languages, eager (B) prankster
25 to penetrate my territory and establish a foothold, ready to (C) mediator
take over at the slightest hint of weakness. It did not (D) guardian
whisper a word to me of its own history, how it had (EY' textbook
absorbed so many people born into other linguistic systems,
first during the centuries of its triumphant ascendancy in 37 •. Which statement about the author's parents can be
30 the Iberian Peninsula* and then in the Americas. It did not inferred from the passage?
hinnhat English was to the North, smiling to itself, certain (A) They feared that Spanish would undermine their
that I would have to surrender to its charms eventually. It , sense of connection to Eastern Europe.
did not suggest that English was ready to do to me what (B) They wanted the author to adopt the language of
Spanish itself had done to others so many times during its their country of origin.
35 evolution, what it had done, in fact, to my own parents: (C) They did not speak in their original language to
wrenched them from the arms of their original language. the author in his early childhood.
And yet I am being unfair to Spanish-and also, (D) They encouraged their children to speak Ellglish.
therefore, to English. Languages do not expand only (E) They spoke English at work and in social settings.
through conquest: they also grow by offering a safe haven
40 to those who come to them in danger, those who, like my
own parents, were forced to flee their native land. I was
born in Spanish, literally imagined into being in that

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 3 3 3 3 3 333 3
38. In what way does the author think he has been "unfair" 39. In line 38, "expand" most nearly means
(line 37) ? '
(A) spread -...,
(A) He had overemphasized one historical process (B) inflate
that led people to adopt Spanish. (C) unfold
(B) Though he became fluent in both Spanish and (D) express in detail
English, he had preferred English. (E) convey optimism
~) He had used his facility in languages to gain an
advantage over other people.
(D) He had'enjoyed Spanish but had not mastered
, important nuances.
(E) He had not given his parents credit for the courage
they had shown in fleeing Eastern Europe.

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 I
I
3 3 3 3 3 333 3
Questions 40-48 are based on the following passage. in spite of her contempt for such toying; yes, she suffered
from self-contempt in spite of her mighty legitimate self-
The following passage, adapted from a memoir, is about confidence and pride. She was a paradox, outside of any
Danish writer Karen Blixen (1885-1962), who wrote under 50 moral category."
the name 1sak Dinesen. Yet downstairs I have a photograph taken in Denmark
by Cecil Beaton three days before she died. She sits with
Now that I have finished reading the biography of Isak sunlight streaming in, an old-fashioned posy in her emaci-
Dinesen, I miss it and wish I still had it before me. When ated hands, one of her famous turtleneck sweaters high on
the huge book of her letters came out last year, I devoured 55 her throat, and the extraordinary face, the eyes closed,
Line it, and when I ordered the biography, I wondered whether suffused in an ineffable smile, the smile of one who has
5 it might not seem redundant. Not at all. This is partly suffered everything and accepted everything. It is that
because the letters give us the woman as she saw herself. image -I keep, and perhaps now I shall be able to write the
She was of course a great mythmaker, not only as a writer poem about it that I have had in the back of my mind and
but in that other creation at which she worked as hard and 60 in my heart to write for years.
imagined as deeply as in her stories, the creation of a myth-
10 ical personage, not made into myth after her death by others *A mythical bird that burned itself to ashes and then arose to live again
but made into myth while she was still alive, by herself. So
part of the fascination of this biography lies in the discrep-
ancies between art and life, or the fabrications that went 40. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the
into her life as well as her art. The Karen Blixen who .'"'- author regards the portraits of Dinesen that emerge
15 became Isak Dinesen is an astounding creation, and it from the biography and from her letters as
is this that the biography makes clear. The biographer
succeeds in fusing the life (the myth) and the work and (A) virtually identical
making Dinesen herself understandable. (B) revealingly dissimilar
Far from diminishing her greatness, the biography (C) totally irleconcilable
20 brings into focus and makes me see again what a master- (D) predictably redundant
piece her memoir Out of Africa is, the perfect example of (E) equally enigmatic
what makes a work of art, experience distilled, sometimes
distorted, so that truth transcends fact. ... 41. Which of the following best expresses the claim that
Dinesen's stories were laid for good reason either in Dinesen was a "great mythmaker" (line 7) ?
25 eighteenth-century Denmark or in Kenya. Her African farm (A) Dinesen ,undermined her credibility by fostering
was a failure and her whole great work as a writer began fictions about herself.
as a phoenix* arising from the ashes. But without the expe- (B) Dinesen was a great writer who deserved to be
rience of Africa, it's clear that she would never have found immortalized for her achievements.
the material she had in hand, so whatever the tragedy, her (C) Dinesen fully lived up to the myth she created
30 final triumph had its roots in the African farm. There she about herself.
was actually a legend: "Lioness" the local people on the , (D) Dinesen mythologized herself to counteract the
farm called her because she shot the lions that marauded myths created by others.
and preyed on their animals. There she could exercise her (E) Dinesen constructed a public identity as carefully
genius for understanding people of different cultures, her aslshe constructed her stories.
35 courage, and her sense of honor. As one of her Danish
admirers said, "She knows everything about the sublima- 42. The parenthetical phrase in line 17 serves to
tion of loss, about suffering as the nourishment of genius,
about pain's resonance and harmony in a work of art." (A) point out that the biography often confuses
But when she lost the farm and had to go back to fictitious events with real ones
40 Denmark, she had lost herself for a time as legend. The last (B) emphasize that Dinesen's life is not easily
years brought her triumph and fame as a writer of genius, distinguished from the myth
but as she re-created herself as legend and succeeded (C) suggest that this biography transforms Dinesen's
grandly in that creation, she did it partly by less than noble life into a legend
means. The same admirer I quoted above goes on to say (D) imply that the myths about Dinesen were actually
45 about Dinesen in old age, "She suffered from a craving for quite accurate
power in spite of her generosity; she toyed with human fates (E) demonstrate the narrator's own mistrust of the
Dinesen myth

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·20·
3 3 3 3 333 3
43. The allusion to the phoenix in line 27 suggests that 46. The fourth paragraph (lines 39-50) is unique in the
passage in that it
(A) Dinesen needed to repudiate her African past to
succeed as an author ; A) uses an unattributed quotation
(B) Dinesen's return to Denmark signified a rebirth (13) offers an unsupported opinion about Dinesen
of her public life (C; is critical of Dinesen' s character
(C) Dinesen mismanaged her African farm and almost (D) acknowledges that Dinesen's literary
destroyed her life achievements were uneyen
(D) Dinesen was regenerated after a profound disap- (E) provides concrete evidence of Dinesen's
pointment and became a successful artist legendary status
(E) Dinesen wrote stories set in Denmark to mark
a new beginning in her career ' 47. The comment in lines 49-50 ("She ... category")
, implies that
44. In line 33, "exercise" most nearly means
I (A) Dinesen's friends largely tolerated her conduct
(A) rehearse (B) Dinesen did not think of her behavior as immoral
(B) train (e) Dinesen's behavior cannot be evaluated in abso-
(C) repeat lute moral terms
(D) use (D) Dinesen deserved condemnation for her behavior
(E) manipulate (E) Dinesen's morality was not as questionable as her
detractors claimed
45. The comments of the Danish admirer in lines 36-38
("She knows ... art") make which assumption about 48. Which of the following best contrasts the descriptions
the nature of art? of Dinesen in Kenya (lines 30-33) and in Denmark
(lines 39-50), respeJ;:tively?
(A) Art frees the individual from the tyranny of
culture. (A) A courageous protector versus an irresponsible
(B) Art endows the commonplace with the sublime. mentor
(C) Art always supports the cause of the oppressed. (B) A self-sufficient pioneer versus a world-weary
(0) The artist transmutes pain and suffering into art. urbanite
(E) The artist conceives life on a grand scale. (C) An awe-inspiring figure versus a contradictory I

i
individual
(D) A self-doubting prodigy versus a narcissistic j
genius 1
(E) An anonymous apprentice versus a reclusive
celebrity

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

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 4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
SECTION 4
Time - 25 minutes
18 Questions
(21-38)

Directions: This section contains two types of questions. You have 25 minutes to complete both types. For questions 21-28,
solve each problem and decide which is the best of the choices given. Fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. You
may use any available space for scratchwork.

I. The use of a calculator is permitted.

2. All numbers used are real numbers.
3. Figures that accompany problems in this test are intended to provide information useful in solving the problems.
They are drawn as accurately as possible EXCEPT when it is stated in a specific problem that the figure is not
drawn to scale. All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
4. Unless otherwise specified. the domain of any function f is assumed to be the set of all real numbers x for which
f(x) is a real number.

=
E
-
c::
0

.£G
.::;

c::
~
Co)
A=1l"r2
Dw ~~h
£

A= fw
b

A=4 bh
(

V=ewh
E} b~ ~X'~
V=1l"r 2h
a

c 2 =a 2 +b 2
30°
x...J3
h
s
45°

Special Right Triangles

c:: C=21l"r
e
.!:! The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
~
p::
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

m 22. Which of the following values of w satisfies the

n
inequality Iwi > 9 ?

p (A) -10
(B) -4
(C) 0
(D) 4
(E) 9

21. In the figure above. n.m. What is the value of x ?

(A) 20
(B) 35
(C) 40
(D) 45
~, (E) 50

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-23-
 4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
3 2 5 25. In a bowl there are 14 slips of paper each containing
a different integer from 1 to 14. If one of the slips of
A BCD E
paper is to be picked at random, what is the probability
that the integer on the slip of paper will be a multiple
23., A student wants to use the scale above to measure of3 ?
distances. The student is allowed to measure a distance
with a single measurement using just two points on the (A) 4
scale. For example, a distance of 7 can be measured 7
between C and E. Which of the following distances
CANNOT be measured in this way? (B) 2

(A)'-A,
(C) 3
(B)"_h~
7
(C~
(0) 9 (0) 2
iBW.L 7
(E) 1
7

5,9, 1,2,2,3,5,9, 1, 2, 2, 3, ...

x f(x) g(x) 26. In the sequence above, the first number is 5. The
0 2 4 sequence consists of repetitions of the six numbers
1 5,9, 1,2,2, and 3. What is the 620th number in the
1 3
sequence?
2 0 3
(A) 1
3 4 0 (B) 2
4 1 2 (C) 3
(0) 5
24. The functions f and g are defined for only the five (E) 9

values of x shown in the table above. If g(k) = 3,

what is the value of f (k) ?
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(0) 3
(E) 4

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-24-
 4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
28. If 6t + 7a = t. then what is 4t in tenns of a ?
4
(A) -14a

14
(B) - - a
5
~2r+4--l
7
(C) --a
27. The equilateral triangle and the square shown above 5
have equal perimeters. What is the length of a side of 22
(D) -a
the square? 3
(A) 4 (E) 7a +6
(B) 8
(C) 9
(D) 12
(E) 17

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-25-
 4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
Directions for Student-Produced Response Questions
Each of the remaining 10 questions requires you to solve the problem and enter your answer by marking the ovals
in the special grid, as shown in the examples below. You may use any available space for scratchwork.
7 Answer: 201
Answer: -12 Answer: 2.5 E'11her position
. . .IS correct.

Write answer ~
in boxes.
2 . 5
'~••.~ -- Decimal
••. £,·,"""-Fraction
line
®®® >;/J @ ® @ point
<D<De<D <D<D<D<D
®®®e ®e®®
Grid in ~
®®®® ®®®®
result. CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD
®®®® ®®®e
®®®® ®®®® Note: You may start your answers
eCDCDCD CD CD CD CD in any column, space permitting.
®®®® ®®®® Columns not needed should be left
®®®® ®®®® blank .
• Mark no more than one oval in any column. • Decimal Answers: If you obtain a decimal answer
with more digits than the grid can accommodate,
• Because the answer sheet will be machine- it may be either rounded or truncated, but it must
scored, you will receive credit only if the ovals fill the entire gIid. For example, if you obtain
are tilled in correctly. an answer such as 0.6666 ... , you should record
your result as .666 or .667. A less accurate value
• Although not required, it is suggested that you
such as .66 or .67 will be scored as incorrect.
write your answer in the boxes at the top of the
columns to help you fill in the ovals accurately. Acceptable ways to grid ~ are:

• Some problems may have more than one conect

answer. In such cases, grid only one answer.
2/3 . bbb
• No question has a negative answer.
• Mixed numbers such as 3 ~ must be gridded as
.••.. . •. •.••• (2)... '
Q.c::t>'QQ
.>@®®
<D<D<D<D
®e®®
•
<D
®
<D
®
<Z>. (2)
Q Q Q
® ® ®
<D
®
<D
®
®®®
<D<D<D<D
®®<D®
3.5 or 7/2. (If 131~1'1~1 is gridded, it will be ®®®e ® ® ® ® ®®®®
CD CD CD CD CDCD CD CD CD CD CD CD
. d 31 3J)
mterprete as 2' not - 2"' ®®®® ® ® ® ® ®®®®
®®®® ® e e e ®ee®
~

•
29. The total cost to send a package with Eagle Express is 30. The value of the expression ax + 7 is 25 when x = 3.
$0.30 for the first ounce and $0.10 for each additional What is the value of ax + 7 when x = 1000?
ounce. What is the total cost, in dollars, to send a pack-
age that weighs 23 ounces? (Disregard the $ sign when
gridding your answer. If, for example, your answer is
$1.37, grid 1.37)

I GO ON ro THE NEXT PAGV

I

-26-
4 D D D o 4 D D D D 4
31. If a, c, g, and k are integers such that 33. In a biology class of s students, there are m micro-
o < a < c < 6 < g < k, what is the least scopes available. If the instructor assigns one micro-
possible value of a + k ? scope to each student, 6 more microscopes will be
needed. If the instructor had twice as many micro-
scopes available and assigned one microscope to each
student, 6 microscopes would be left over. What is the
value of s?

34. What is one possible value of x for which

RL-~------------~ T (x - 2.73)(x - 3.45) is negative?
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

32. In the figure above, RS = ST and x = 30. What is

the value of y ?

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4 D D D D 4 D D D D 4
35. The average (arithmetic mean) of t, u, v, w, and x is 37. How many 3.digit positive integers have only odd
120. Ifthe average of t, u, v, and w is 80, what is the integers as digits?
value of x?

36. In the equation above, k, x, and a are positive

integers greater than 1. What is the value of k - x ?

38. A wheel made 3,000 revolutions while traveling

45,OOO1l' inches in a straight line along the ground.
What is the radius, in inches, of the wheel?

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

-28-
 5 5 5, 5 5
SECTION 5
Time - 30 minutes
39 Questions
(1-39)

Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from among the choices given and fill in the corresponding
oval on the answer sheet.

2. Isaac Newton developed his revolutionary theories at a

The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness
time in history where ideas about science were rapidly
of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence
changing.
is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of
phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the (A) where ideas about science were rapidly changing
original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If (B) where ideas about science rapidly change
you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence (C) where ideas about science had rapidly changed
than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select (D) when ideas about science were rapidly changing
one of the other choices. (E) when ideas about science will be rapidly changing
In making your selection, follow the requirements of
standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar,
3. The American novelist Edith Wharton designed
choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation.
gardens and home interiors that was directly
Your selection should result in the most effective
influenced by the aesthetic charms of many
sentence-clear and precise, without awkwardness or
European cities.
ambiguity.
(A) was directly influenced by
EXAMPLE: (B) was a direct influence of
(C) were directly influenced by
Laura Ingalls Wilder published her first book
(D) were a direct influence by
and she was sixty-five years old then.
(E) were directly an influence of
(A) and she was sixty-five years old then
(B) when she was sixty-five 4. Inoperative satellites and discarded objects now
(C) at age sixty-five years old orbiting the Earth may threaten the safety of future
(D) upon the reaching of sixty-five years space missions.
(E) at the time when she was sixty-five
(A) now orbiting the Earth may threaten
®e©®® (B) now orbiting the Earth, they may pose a threat to
(C) now orbiting the Earth, and so may threaten
1. To satisfy her high school's community service (D) that now orbit the Earth and threaten
requirement, patients at a hospital were visited (E) now orbiting the Earth and threatening
by Jan three afternoons a week.
(A) patients at a hospital were visited by Jan
s. In his "American Scholar" address in the summer of
1837, Ralph Waldo Emerson urged his listeners to free
(B) Jan visited patients at a hospital
themselves from European culture and looking instead
(C) hospital patients were visited by Jan
to the culture of their own country.
(D) Jan's visit to hospital patients was made
(E) visits by Jan to patients at a hospital were (A) culture and looking
(B) culture, that they should look
(C) culture and to look
(D) culture, but they must look
(E) culture, but looking

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5 5 5 I 5 5
6. In a poignant account. the documentary describing the 9. Shakespeare was an actor and a producer, and this
arduous trek that hundreds of Mormon families made resulted in his intimate understanding of the theater.
over the Rocky Mountains in the nineteenth century.
(A) Shakespeare was an actor and a producer, and this
(A) In a poignant account, the documentary describing resulted in his
(B) A poignant account, the documentary that (B) Because he was both an actor and a producer,
described Shakespeare had an
(C) The documentary, a poignant account describing (C) That Shakespeare was both actor and producer was
(D) In a poignant account, the documentary described why he had an
(E) While a poignant account, the documentary (D) The result of his acting and producing was for
described Shakespeare to have an
(E) Acting and producing, both of which he did,
7. Things Fall Apart, Chinua Achebe's novel of village means that Shakespeare had an
life in nineteenth-century Nigeria, is studied frequently
in both high school and college literature courses. 10. Prior to closing an airplane's outer door, federal
regulations require that all passengers be seated and
(A) is studied frequently in both high
have their seat belts fastened.
school and
(B) is a frequent studied novel in both high (A) Prior to closing an airplane's outer door, federal
school and regulations require that all passengers be seated
(C) studied frequently both in high and have their seat belts fastened.
school as well as in (B) Prior to closing an airplane's outer door by federal
(D) frequently is studied by both high school regulations, all passengers must be seated and
and also in have their seat belts fastened.
(E) are frequently studied in high school as (C) Federal regulations require that all passengers
well as be seated and have their seat belts fastened
before an airplane's outer door can be closed.
8. In the preface to the book. it explains why the study of (D) Federal regulations require that passengers must
economics is indispensable for anyone interested in a be seated and also fasten their seat belt before
career in politics. they close an airplane's outer door.
(E) Federal regulations require, before they close
(A) In the preface to the book, it explains
an airplane's outer door, that passengers are
(B) It explains in the preface to the book
seated and have their seat belt fastened.
(C) The preface to the book explains
(D) It explains, the preface to the book,
(E) There is an explanation in the preface
\
of the book to

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 5 5 5 5, -1-- 5
11. The contrastin~ wealth of the business owners 14. Early in her career, Diane Arbus photographed high-
compared with the poverty of the factory workers fashion models. however. she later found the subjects
provoked a flood of scathing condemnations from who were to make her famous-rebels and social
journalists and politicians. outcasts.
(A) The contrasting wealth of the business owners (A) models, however, she later found
compared with (B) models; however, she later found
(B) The contrast to the wealth of the business owners (C) models; however, later finding
with (D) models, but later, however, to find
(C) The contrast between the wealth of the business (E) models, but, when she later found
owners and
. (D) In contrast from the wealth of the business 15. A beautifully written narrative of the author's boyhood
owners, in South America, his descriptions of animal life in the
(E) Contrasting the wealth of the business owners, plains re~ion are fascinating.
(A) his descriptions of animal life in the plains region
12. Although the members of the wildlife biolQ~Y team
are fascinating
plan to study elephants in their natural habitat, they
(B) his description of animal life in the plains region
also want to observe the social behavior of elephants
is fascinating
in zoos.
(C) he fascinatingly describes animal life in the plains
(A) Although the members of the wildlife biology region
team plan to study elephants in their natural (D) the book contains fascinating descriptions of
habitat animal life in the plains region
(B) Although planning as the team of wildlife (E) the book contains descriptions of animal life in
biologists to study elephants in their natural the plains region and they are fascinating
habitat
(C) The wildlife biology team, planning to 'study the 16. John G. Neihardt felt an obligation to bring the
elephant in its natural habitat message of the Sioux holy man Black Elk to the larger
(D) Members of the wildlife biology team has planned world. having accomplished this in his book Black Elk
to study the elephant in its natural habitat Speaks.
(E) Wildlife biologists on a team have planned to
(A) world, having accomplished this
study the elephant in its natural habitat, however
(B) world and also to accomplish this
(C) world, that accomplishment is what he did
13. The mathematician felt honored to receive the
(D) world and eventually did it
MacArthur Prize, not only because the prize was
(E) world, and he eventually did so
prestigious and the financial award substantial but also
he was. at ei~hteen. the youngest recipient.
(A) but also he was, at eighteen,
(B) but also because he was, at eighteen,
(C) moreover he was, at eighteen
(D) and he, at eighteen, was
(E) as well as being, at eighteen,

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-32-
 5 5 5 5 5
17. The best photographs in the exhibit tease. they catch 19. One of the services whose cost has increased greatly in
the viewer between the strange and the familiar. recent years is that of hospital care. which is more
expensive than formerly.
(A) tease, they catch
(B) tease, but they catch (A) that of hospital care, which is more expensive
(C) tease which catches than formerly
(D) tease: they catch (B) hospital care, which is more expensive than
(E) tease; it catches before
(C) the price of hospital care
18. According to no lesser of an authority than Parkman, (D) that of hospital care
the most momentous event in the history of colonial (E) hospital care
North America was the expulsion of the French.
20. An iceberg is produced when a glacier meets the ~
(A) lesser of an authority than
the thickness of the iceberg. which is dependent,
(B) lesser an authority such as
initially at least, on the thickness of the part of the
(C) less an authority as
glacier from which it broke off.
(D) less of an authority than was
(E) less an authority than (A) sea; the thickness of the iceberg, which is
dependent
(B) sea, the thickness of the iceberg depends
(C) sea, the thickness of the iceberg depending
(D) sea; with the thickness of the iceberg that depends
(E) sea, with the thickness the iceberg has that
depends

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The following sentences test your ability to recognize 23. Although the disputes about ownership of
grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either
a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more
than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined offshore oil sites subsided for a while, but the
and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the A B
one underlined part that must be changed to make the disputes are occurring again as we search for
sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E.
In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard C D
written English. new sources of oil. No error
E
EXAMPLE:

The other delegates and him immediately 24. After they identified and eliminate potential sources
ABC A B
accepted the resolution drafted by the of toxins, the renovators plan to restore the historic
D C
neutral states. No error
home with environmentally safe materials. No error
E
D E

25. The traffic was so heavy and the crowd so dense as

21. When the Women's Trade Union League was A B
A the worried mother would not let go of the child's
founded atthe turn of the century, it announces C
B hand for even an instant. No error
twin goals: to organize working women and D E

26. Although some of the victories of the civil rights

to publicize their concerns. No error
A
C D E
movement of the 1960s were only token gains,
22. Marsha has read every book Jorge Luis Borges B
many others were definite steps toward social
has written, and she considers no other novels C D

B
and political equality. No error
A C
as interesting as he is. No error E

D E

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27. Although the conference is over, the Mexican repre- 31. Many of Claude Monet's paintings were
A B A
sentative, like the other delegates, have declined inspired from the elaborate gardens the painter began
C B C
to comment on the new trade agreement. No error constructing when he was forty-two years old.
D E D
No error
28. With its 13,677 islands displayed like jewels on an E
A
exquisite necklace suspending between Asia and 32. The entire city, along with several nearby towns, ~

B A B
Australia, the Republic of Indonesia remains one of visual to anyone willing to climb the 1,256 steps to
C C D
the most beautiful and diverse nations on Earth. the top of the tower. No error
D E
No error
E 33. When the teacher selected John and I to present
A B
29. Masks made by the Kwakiutl Indian tribe of Canada our research project at the science fair, we were
A C
have interchangeable parts that enable the wearers surprised and elated. No error
B D E
to change its expression during dramatic dance
C D 34. Having studied hard for the podiatry examination,
presentations. No error A
E Charles felt capable to make distinctions among the
B C
30. The results of the investigation belongs less to the various problems associated with the joints in the foot.
A D
realm of knowledge than to that of speculation; the No error
B E
writer has given us more fancy than fact. No error
(
C D E

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35. In context, which of the following best replaces the
Directions: The following passage is an early draft of an word "It" in sentence 3 ?
essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.
(A) Such disproportion
Read the passage and select the best answers for the (B) Such invisibility
questions that follow. Some questions are about pmticular (C) Such a level
sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve (D) Such a company
sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you (E) Such an advancement
to consider organization and development. In choosing
answers, follow the requirements of standard written
36. To improve the transition, which of the following
English. should be inserted at the beginning of sentence 6 ?
(A) It should be noted that
Questions 35-39 are based on the following passage.
(B) Nevertheless,
(C) In a case like this,
(1) Most women in corporate America have looked (D) Whereas in most cases,
for ways to deal with a "glass ceiling," the invisible (E) Whatever the reason,
barrier that keeps them from advancing to the highest
professional levels. (2) Women may be well represented 37. Which is the best sentence to insert before sentence 7
in middle management, but at the top they are greatly to begin the second paragraph?
outnumbered by men. (3) It may be intentional or the result
of unconscious attitudes and expectations. (4) The male (A) Although lawsuits charging gender discrim-
directors of one large corporation admitted, after many ination are a familiar solution, many women
lawsuits, that they had an unwritten policy of excluding have explored other methods of overcoming
women from upper-management positions. (5) At other discrimination.
companies, top executives were not used to having women (B) For an industrialized nation, the United States has
as their equals or superiors. (6) The glass ceiling prevents far to go.
fully capable women from realizing their potential. (C) Consider the disadvantages when companies
(7) Some leave their jobs to work in other companies allow such a situation to exist.
which they see hiring and promoting more women, (D) Why does such pervasive discrimination exist?
companies where the glass ceiling has been raised but (E) Although comparisons with other nations are hard
not shattered. (8) Such companies may have women as to make, one wonders what the results of such
top-level managers, vice presidents, even members of comparisons would be.
their governing boards, but not as presidents. (9) Another
tactic has been for a woman to quit her job and start her
own business. (10) To sidestep the issue by creating her
own environment. (11) A third way has been for women
within a corporation to try to increase awareness of the
problem in an attempt to change it.

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38. Which is the best way to revise the underlined portions 39. Which of the following would best follow sentence 11 ?
of sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced below) ?
(A) The corporate world is vicious, and, as in the
Another tactic has been for a woman to quit her job jungle, only the fittest survive.
and start her own business. To sidestep the issue by (B) Female presidents of companies usually have a lot
creating her own environment. of influence.
(e) Women are just as capable as men, even ifthere
(A) start her own business, to sidestep the issue by
are still some doubts in the corporate world.
creating her
eD) Remaining in an inhospitable environment
(B) start her own business. Sidestepping the issue by
creating her is risky but may help other women in the
(C) start their own business, and to sidestep the issue
company.
by creating their (E) Most people agree that women are just as capable
as men.
(D) start her own business. They sidestep the glass
ceiling and create their
(E) 'starting their own business, to sidestep the glass
ceiling and create their

STOP
If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this section only.
Do not turn to any other section in the test.

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