Taxonomy & Classification
TAXONOMY &
CLASSIFICATION
Taxonomy, science of classifying organisms.
Classification, in biology, identification, naming, grouping of
organisms into a formal system based on similarities such as
internal and external anatomy, physiological functions,
genetic makeup and evolutionary history.
The major categories in classification are Domain,
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and
Species.
In addition to classifying the organisms also
scientists give it a scientific name.
The scientific name composed of two parts
(genus and species ) separated by normal
space. Always the genus begins with capital
letter and species with small letter .
When it written by hand you have to underline it,
and make it italic if typed .
Such as Drosophila melanogaster (when it
write by hand).
Drosophila melanogaster (when it typed).
OLD CLASSIFICATION
The major categories in the old classification were
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus
and Species.
The major kingdoms were: Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, and Animalia.
NEW CLASSIFICATION
The major categories in new classification are
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
Genus and Species.
How to write these categories
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Domains
Living organisms are divided into three major
Domains including Bacteria, Archaea,
and Eukarya.
Each domin further subdivided into separate
Kingdoms.
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom : Archaea (Archaeabacteria)
Unicellular.
Prokaryotes.
Living in extreme environment (high temperature,
acidic or deep areas).
Examples :-
Halobacteria sp.
Archaebacteria
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Bacteria (Eubacteria).
Unicellular.
Prokaryotes.
Found in wide range of habitats on earth.
Examples :-
Bacteria.
Cyanobacteria.
Eubacteria
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom :Protista.
Kingdom :Fungi.
Kingdom :Plantae.
Kingdom :Animalia.
Kingdom: Protista
Eukaryotes.
Unicellular.
Heterotrophic (animal like protista), autotrophic
(plant like protista).
Examples:-
protozoa (Euglena sp., Paramecium sp., Ameoba
sp. and algae).
Ameoba sp Paramecium sp. Algae
Trypanosome sp. Euglena
sp
Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotes.
Heterotrophic nutrition.
Rigid cell walls made of chitin.
Multicellular .
Examples:-
Bread mould ,Penicillium ,yeast and mushroom.
Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotes.
Multicellular.
Autotrophic.
e.g. all higher plants.
Classification of kingdom Plantae:
Classified into two major groups:
1- Non- vascular plants:
have no system for transporting water or nutrients (e.g. mosses) .
2- Vascular plants:
have a system through which they can transport water and
nutrient throughout the plant. This allowed the plants to be
taller and live further from water.
Plants
Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotes.
Multicellular.
Heterotrophic nutrition.
e.g. all animal groups.
Classification of Kingdom Animalia
The two major groups within the animal kingdom are
invertebrates and vertebrates.
1- The invertebrates:
The invertebrates include animals that have no backbone.
Examples: sponges, worms, starfish, jellyfish, clams, and
lobsters.
2- The vertebrates:
These are animals that do possess a backbone. Examples:
fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Animalia
