List of Organic Reagents
Nucleophilic substitution, converts haloalkanes to
Aqueous NaOH Reflux
alcohols.
Mg in dry ether Reflex Used to make grignard reagents with haloalkanes.
Chlorinating agent, reacts with OH group in alcohols and
PCI5 Room temperature
carboxylic acids
HNO3 and H2SO4 55C Adds NO2 group onto benzene ring.
CI3 and AICI3 Warm gently Adds CI group onto benzene ring.
CH3CH2CI and AICI3 Warm gently Adds CH3CH2 group onto benzene ring.
HCI and NaNO2 Below 5C Forms diazonium salts with phenylamine.
Name of Reagent Conditions Example of its Use
Oxidising agent, used commonly
K2Cr2O7 with conc. H2SO4 Warm gently for oxidising secondary alcohols to
ketones.
Dehydrating agent, used to
Excess conc. H2SO4 Heat to 170 C
dehydrate alcohols to alkenes.
Free radical reaction, used to
Cl2(g) Ultra Violet light
convert alkanes to haloalkanes.
Electrophilic addition, converts
Br2 in CCI4 Room temperature, in the dark
alkenes to dihaloalkanes.
Nickel catalyst, 300 C and 30 Hydrogenating agent, used to
H2(g)
atmospheres pressure convert benzene to cylcohexane.
Reducing agent, used to convert
H2(g) Nickel catalyst, 150 C
alkenes to alkanes
Reducing agent for converting
Tin in hydrochloric acid Reflux
nitrobenzene to phenylamine.
Oxidising agent, converts alkenes
Acidified KMNO4 Room temperature
to diols.
Elimination reaction, converts
NaOH in ethanol Reflux
haloalkanes to alkenes.
Intramolecular Cannizaro
i) Aluminium isobutoxide Reverse of MPV oxidises alcohol to carbonyl
ii) Acetone (Oppenaur Oxidation)
RO- (Claisen Schmidt Reaction)
i) Acetic anhydride
ii) Sodium acetate (Perkin’s reaction)
i) Aluminium isobutoxide Reduces ketone to alcohol
ii) Propan-2 ol (MPV Reduction)
This is reaction of compounds which don’t have alpha
Cannizaro Reaction hydrogen
Cross Cannizaro
Anhydrous H contains no water
i) CHCH3 - Alc KOH
ii) H3O+ (Riemann Tiemann)
(i) CO2
High Pressure
(ii) H3O+ (Kolbe’s reaction)
AlCl3 (Fries rearrangement) Heat
(i) K2S2O8
(ii) H3O+ (Elb’s persulphate
oxidation)
(i) Fused NaOH
High Pressure
(ii) H3O+ (Dow’s process)
KMnO4, H+ (or) K2Cr2O7, H+ (or)
Oxidises alcohol to acid
H2CrO4
PCC (Pyrindinium) chloro
Solvent CS2 Restricted oxidation of alcohol. Forms aldehyde.
chromate
MnO2 special oxidising agent for
alcohol
HI
For 1 degree carbon
For 3 degree carbon
Conc HI contains very less water
(i) Alc KOH
(ii) NaNH2
Adds both X on compound having double or
X2 CCI4
triple bond
Cold Dil KMnO4
Hot KMnO4
CF3SO3- Super Leaving Group
LiAH4 –ether Reduces ester to alcohol
NaBH4- ROH (protic solvent) Reduces to alcohol but cannot act on ester
Causes cleavage and reduction of ester
Cr2O2-Cu2O Heat, High Pressure
OSO4 + H2O-NaHSO3 or Cold Gives syn vicinal dihalide from alkene
Dilute KMnO4 (Hydroxylation)
Per-formic acid (Anti Gives anti vicinal diol
Hydroxylation)
HBr in presence of H2O2 (Only for Anti Marknokov’s
HBr)
Replaces “=” with either C = O or COOH
Hot Alkaline KMnO4
Adds methyl in cyclic manner
CH2-I2, ZnCu
Removes HX from compound and adds double
Alcoholic KOH
bond
Zn dust Removes all HX
H2 PdBaSO4 or S-Quinoline
Reduces alkyne to alkene
(Lindhar’s catalyst) or BH3-THF
Ph3P = CH2 Replaces O of Carbonyl with methyl
NOX
ONDM (Oxymercuration
demercuration)
(i) Hg (OAC)2 + THF-H2O
(ii) NaBH4-OH-
Substitutes allyic carbon with aldehyde
NBS
(i) NH2-NH2
heat Reduces carbonyl group to ketone or aldehyde
(ii) RO-
Removes diazo group
H3PO2 Heat
LiAH4 or NaBH4 or Ph3 SnH Reduction
R2 CuL (Lithium dialkylcuprate) Removes halogen from RX and adds R
Mg-ether Adds Mg between R & X
Red P + HI Reduces all to corresponding alkanes
Name Condition Example
Br2 + CS2 Causes Br to go on ring
Compound should be more
Br2 + H2O
activated than benzene
Reduces group
Sn + HCI
Removes Diazo group
CuCI + HCI
Special regents which reduce only 1
NH4H or NaS or Na2S
NO2 group
CrO2CI2 + H3O+ Converts toluene to benzaidehyde
ntramolecular Cannizaro
