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Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat

The document provides details of several experiments conducted in the Process Modulation and Simulation Lab at DeenBandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, including simulations of an isothermal and non-isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), a batch reactor, a gravity flow tank, and demonstrations of the Euler explicit and Runge-Kutta methods for solving differential equations numerically. Code is provided in MATLAB for each of the simulations and numerical solutions.

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deepika verma
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63 views10 pages

Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat

The document provides details of several experiments conducted in the Process Modulation and Simulation Lab at DeenBandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, including simulations of an isothermal and non-isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), a batch reactor, a gravity flow tank, and demonstrations of the Euler explicit and Runge-Kutta methods for solving differential equations numerically. Code is provided in MATLAB for each of the simulations and numerical solutions.

Uploaded by

deepika verma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DeenBandhu Chhotu Ram

University Of Science And


Technology, Murthal,
Sonepat

Process Modulation And Simulation Lab

By:
Shubham Mittal
14001005052
Chemical Engg.
8th Semester
Batch:2014-18
CONTENTS
EXPERIMENT NO-1

ISOTHERMAL CSTR
PROGRAMME
function Ca_dot = cstr(t,Ca,Ca_in)
q=1;
v=1;
k1=1;
Ca_dot = (q/v*(Ca_in-Ca))-k1*Ca;

clear all; close all; clc


Ca_in=1;
Ca=0.2;
[t,Ca] = ode15s(@(t,Ca)cstr(t,Ca,Ca_in),[0 5],Ca);
plot(t,Ca);
EXPERIMENT NO-

NON ISOTHERMAL CSTR

PROGRAMME

% Non isothermal cstr

function xdot=cstr1(t,x)
global u
% Input (1):
% Temperature of cooling jacket (K)
Tc = u;
% States (2):
% Concentration of A in CSTR (mol/m^3)
Ca = x(1,1);
% Temperature in CSTR (K)
T = x(2,1);
% Parameters:
% Volumetric Flowrate (m^3/sec)
q = 100;
% Volume of CSTR (m^3)
V = 100;
% Density of A-B Mixture (kg/m^3)
rho = 1000;
% Heat capacity of A-B Mixture (J/kg-K)
Cp = .239;
% Heat of reaction for A->B (J/mol)
mdelH = 5e4;
% E - Activation energy in the Arrhenius Equation (J/mol)
% R - Universal Gas Constant = 8.31451 J/mol-K
EoverR = 8750;
% Pre-exponential factor (1/sec)
k0 = 7.2e10;
% U - Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (W/m^2-K)
% A - Area - this value is specific for the U calculation (m^2)
UA = 5e4;
% Feed Concentration (mol/m^3)
Caf = 1;
% Feed Temperature (K)
Tf = 350;

% Compute xdot:
xdot(1,1) = (q/V*(Caf - Ca) - k0*exp(-EoverR/T)*Ca);
xdot(2,1) = (q/V*(Tf - T) + mdelH/(rho*Cp)*k0*exp(-EoverR/T)*Ca +
UA/V/rho/Cp*(Tc-T));
% Step test for Model 1 - CSTR

global u
% Steady State Initial Conditions for the States
Ca_ss = 0.87725294608097;
T_ss = 324.475443431599;
x_ss = [Ca_ss;T_ss];
% Steady State Initial Condition for the Control
u_ss = 300;
% Open Loop Step Change
u = 290;
% Final Time (sec)
tf = 5;
[t,x] = ode15s('cstr1',[0 tf],x_ss);
% Parse out the state values
Ca = x(:,1);
T = x(:,2);

% Plot the results


figure(1);
plot(t,Ca,'r');

figure(2)
plot(t,T,'g');
EXPERIMENT NO-
BATCH REACTOR
PROGRAM
function dC=Batch(t,C)
%%
k1 = 1.5;
k2 = 1;
k3=1;
k4=0.7;

dC=zeros(4,1);

dC(1) = -k1*C(1) -k4*C(1)*C(2);


dC(2) = k1*C(1) - k2*C(2)+k3*C(3) - k4*C(1)*C(2);
dC(3) = k2*C(2) - k3*C(3);
dC(4)=k4*C(1)*C(2);

[t,C]= ode45('Batch',[0 20],[1 0 0 0]);


plot(t,C);
EXPERIMENT NO-

Gravity Flow Tank


PROGRAMME
%gravity flow tank
f0=35.2; %initial system is at steady state value
f0=0.5*35.1; %changing the initial flow rate
f=@(t,y) [0.0107*y(2)-0.00205*y(1).^2;(f0/110)-0.0624*y(1)]
%5 steady state values are obtained from the curve for flow rate of 35.1
%initially which are [4.977]
[t,y]=ode45(f,[0 1000],[4.57 4.74])
plot(t,y(:,1),'r',t,y(:,2),'b')
EXPERIMENT NO-

Euler’s Explicit Method


PROGRAMME
%%solving differential equation using euler explicit method
x0=0;
y0=1;
xEnd=5;
h=0.01;
n=(xEnd-x0)/h;
%%Initial values for solving
x=[x0:h:xEnd]';
y=zeros(n+1,1);
y(1)=y0;
%% solving using euler explicit method
for i=1:n
fi=x(i)+y(i);
y(i+1)=y(i)+h*fi;
end
plot(x,y,'r')
ytrue=2*exp(x)-(x-1);
hold on
plot(x,ytrue,'g')
error=abs(ytrue-y);
EXPERIMENT NO-
RungaKuttaMethod

PROGRAMME
function RungaKuttaMethod
%example of Runga-Kutta method of order 4.
%y* = y - t^2 + 1.
a = 0;
b = 4;
h = 0.1;
N=(b-a)/h;
t = zeros(1, N);
y = zeros(1, N);
y(1) = 0.5;

t(1) = a;
F = @(t,y) y - t^2 +1;
for i = 1:(N-1)

K1 = h*(F(t(i), y(i)));
K2 = h*(F(t(i)+0.5*h, y(i)+0.5*K1));
K3 = h*(F(t(i)+ 0.5*h, y(i)+ 0.5*K2));
K4 = h*(F(t(i) + h, y(i)+K3));
y(i+1) = y(i) + (K1 + 2*K2 + 2*K3 +K4)/6;
t(i+1) = a + i*h;
end
plot(t,y, 'r')
EXPERIMENT NO-

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