ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE[Code : CET - 401] Full Marks : 70 Time Answer any five questions Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks 1.(a) What is a "Deficient Frame'? Write down the equation, R (b) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whole span. Derive the expression for fixed end Hours ‘moments. [5 (©) Find forces in all the members of the girder by ‘method of joint only, 7 15kN 10kN 60 A60° Aso° —3 m—4—3 m—} 2.(a) Write down the equation for the maximum deflection of a simple supported beam of span ‘P with a central point load (W). R (b) Derive the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam with a point load at its free end by double integration method. [5 (©) A continuous beam ABCD is simply supported over three spans, such that AB = 6 m, BC = 8 m and CD = 5 m. It carries UDL of 4 kN/m in span ‘AB, 3 kN/m in span BC and 2 kN/m in span CD. Find the supported moments B and C and draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams. 7 3.(a) Write down the statement of second theorem of moment area method. 2 (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m and rise 10 m is carrying a UDL as shown in the Fig, Find the horizontal thrust at the springings. [5 we 4 0 — an of 4 contilever beam W UDL. 10 kins over kK — 40m (6) Find out the prop. « of span 6 m subjected to whole span. The beam-propped at free end : (7 10 kN/m 4 B k#— _ 6m 4.(a) State the stiffness factor for a beam fixed at one end and freely supported at the other 2 (b) Find out moment at supports and draw the Bending Moment diagram of the bear shown in the figure. [5 W Whanitrun 4 Q B lei 2 (6) Draw B.M.D. and S.F.D, for the regular purtal frame as shown in the fig, El-constant for all by moment distribution method (7 2KN/m 4 oF kK— 6m 4m aS:(8) Write down the expression for three moment uation with usual meaning e (©) Cateutate the (5 (©) A horizontal steot girder having uniform CIS is simply supported at its end, carries the load as shown in fig. Calculate the deflection of the beam under the oad by Macaulay's, Take E = 200 GPa and t= 160.8 10° mnt, v 12kN 8kN 3.m 4m 6.(a) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam, 2 (b) State ditterent end conditions of colu down the relation between equivalent ssctual length in each case. (c) By forces along member 1, 2, and 3 as shown in the fig. 0 ke 4m SVEN im Sy 7. (a) State slope deflection equation for a member.2 (b) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to a point load of 20 KN and 15 KN at a distance of 2 mand 4 m from. Calculate the fixing moments at Aand B. ; 8 (©) Find maximum slope and deflection for a simply supported beam with a UDL over the span by double Integration method. fed [ANSWERS TO 2017(S) 1.(a) What is a "Deficient Frame' ? Write down the equation. , ; + A deficient frame is an ‘Ans, Deficient Frame : A 0 imperfect frame, in which the number of members are less than (2)— 3). Eqn. n< (2j-3) where, n= number of members and = number of joints (b) A fixed beamis subjected t0 20 UDL over y, span, Derive the expression for freq gt moments. Ans. wrunit length m, = Fixing moment at B. Since the beam is symmetrical therefore m, sx! 1m, will also be equal, Now equating the areas of the two diagrams. we wh m= Similarly, m, = = ‘We know that maximum positive bending mot at the centre of the beam =!" 8 ‘Net positive bending moment at the centre of 8 beam 8 12 Shear force diagram Let, R, = Reaction at A, and R, = Reaction at B. 7" Equating the clockwise moments 3* anticlockwise moments about A. oe Ryxltm, =m, + weldRye g Similarly R, =! 2 Deflection of the beam, We know that bonding mom at a distance x thom A, mm at ry action men nel Sy ™) we ry 2 we 2 a Amtegrating the above equation, oy Ay WIN? wa wiy "I SX NX dw 4 6 Dt Whore C, is the first constant of integration, We Iknow that when x = 0, thon 2 = 0. Therefine ©, = 0 ai) Antegrating the equation (ii) onee again, . wx dx 4 6 2 Where C, is the second constant of integration. We know that when x = 0, then y= 0. soli We know that the maximum deflection oecurs at the centre of the beam, Therefore substituting ¥ = 1/2 in the above equation ow Aa Point of contra ones The ovine ob ever DOWD HRY NE RATE OE Dy aaqnating 0) RY 7H. “0 2 2 » (s wy) wl? rare ® xe 8 what 2 Ne OS 14 0.2897 0.789] and O20 7, (6) ind frees in all the members of the inter by method of faint ony, ASKN VORN oD g 3 m—A—3 mV USkN VORNSapport Reretions Taking invoment abe AY: Ry O= Ws as +1515 Rym M25 aN RER = Ise 10 R= 1375 4N JUD 60° +R,=0 ~ 12.99 KN (Compressive) + F,..c08 60°= 0 ‘pe 7 65 KN (Tension) n60°=0 ap =~ 15.88 KN (Compressive) SH= 0: Fy + Fy,cos 60°= 0 .94 KN (Tension) Fs 60% 60°. R F ): Fy si 60° + Fin 60°= 0 rv Fen = Frc SH = 0; Fy, + Fg 608 60° ~ Fey — Fyc 008 60° =0 Fy. —Fyg~2 Fre €08 600 AS Fay =-F EA 1 = 7.94-65-2* Ee * 5 0 or Bye = 14 KN (Tension) Frc B Joint 'BY Fye + Fy 608 60° + Fy, €08 60° = 0 1 1 Fyc= 15.88 * 7 +144 x > = 8.66 KN (Tensie 2 SI.No. | Member | Force(KN) | __Nature 1 AB 15.88 | Compressive 2 BC 8.66 | Tensile 3 cD 12.99 | Compressive 4 DE 65 Tensile 5 AE 7.94 | Tensile 6 BE 1.44 | Compressive 7 CE 1.44 | Tensile 2.(a) Write down the equation for the maximum deflection of a simple supported beam of span ‘7 with a central point load (W). Ans, Maximum deflection of a simple supported beam of span 7 with a central point loas (W) is given by dt wr a =+—— at the ends. (@ I... teers eens where E = Young's modulus I= Moment of inertia, (b) Derive the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam with a point load at its free end by double integration method, Ans, Deflection curves Cantilever with a load at the free end M.=-Wa-x) ety a Ele -F-w(l-x)] = WI-Wx Btw W 6) dx2 Ely = Wix- Vx? _ Wx? Pg PO RHC, wall) at x=0 Se oandy=0 x B Yo a Is (b) Substituting in a, C, Substituting in b, C, ; 2 BLS wig WE ax 2 we Bly = We Wx and Ely 6 At x=L p_WP) We (wr ~Q) 2Er 1 (WP _WP)_ we Deflection Ya=Er|—9 ~~ 6 |~ SET (© Acontinuous beam ABCD is simply supported over three spans, such that AB = 6 m, BC = 8 mand CD = 5m. It carries UDL of 4 kN/m in span AB, 3 kKN/m in span BC and 2 kN/m in span CD. Find the supported moments B and C and draw the S.F, and B.M. diagrams, Ans. 4kNim, 3 kNim_ B apodhannadann errr D Applying the theorem of three moments for the spans AB and BC. M, x6+2M, x(6+8)+M_.x8m 4x6 | 3x8? ae. 4 4 Since A is the simply supported end of the girden. M,=0 28M, + 8M, = 216 + 384 = 600 14M, + 4M, = 300 Consider the span BC and CD. Applying the theorem of three moments for these spans, (1) > 2059 Mx 8-+2M,(8-+5) +M, x 5 = aS + ee Since D is the simply supported end. M,=0 8M, + 26M, =384-+ 62.5 = 446.5 4M, + 13M, (2) 10M, —9M, = 76.75 10M, = 76.75 + 9M, My, = 2675+9M, 10 4x J6.I549M, 10 .= 307+36M, <+13M, = 223.25 = 307+36M, +130M, = U36M, + 130M = 223,25 10 307 +16 =O 323,25 = 307 + 166M, = 2232.5 = 1925.5 IM, =11.599 kN —ml 4M, + 13M, = 223.25 4M, + 13 * 11.599 = 293.25 4M, + 150.79 = 223,25 4M,= 72.45 M, = 18.11 kN =m Maximum free bending moment for span AB 4x6? s Maximum free bending moment for span BC _ 3x8? =18kKN-m =24KN-m Maximum free bending moment for span CD 2x5? 8 =6.25kN-m 4x BMatB=V,x6-—> = 18.11 18.11+72° Vv, =15.01 KN] BMate=15.01* 14+V, 8-4 «6x 11-3 8x 4= 11.599 V, = 11.599 ~210.14 + 264 +96 = 11,599 -210.14 + 360 (V, =161.459 KN 2x5? 2 BMatc= V,x5~ = 11.599 Vv =Total load-(V, + V, + V4) (4x 643% 8425) — (15.01 + 161.459 + 2.68) 4 +24 + 10) - 179.149 8 - 179.149 121.149 KN. 3.(a) Write down the statement of second theory of moment area method. ‘Ans, Second theorem of moment area method It states, “ The intercept taken on a vericy fererence line of tangents at any two points on an elie curve is equal to the moment the B.M. diagram betiex these points about the reference line divided by EP. (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 a and rise 10 m is carrying a UDL as shownis the Fig. Find the horizontal thrust at the 30 KN/m 5 4 2B K— 4m —_ Ans. Given data, Span (!) = 40m and central rise (y= 10m u = Horizontal thrust at the springings. Vertical reaction at A. i Vertical reaction at B. 30 kN/mVeatical tection Vy at tt AGN Vat TY cath he cata by taking wvneis abst Aad eagaling antbahacheiee ARE, WAH CROKE Hoel Vea 20S 20) 10= e000 6000 Vy= =1504N ayy THOUN Thre bean mmol at Cate Wh TVs a0 ~ 1808 30 A000 AN Rowtawtal thre, “ tet 2000 a) (0) Hout the prop, remetion afi contever ream ‘ot span 6 me subjected to an UDL 10 AN/in over Whole span, ‘The beamspropped at thee end LOKN/m a B k— ém ‘hy external loading, = WOKN. Ans, Given : lenght = 6mm, load = 10 KNim We know that proportion reaction, P=: 22.5KN 8 8 8 4.(a) State the stiffness factor for » beam fixed at fone end and freely supported at the other, 4EL Ans, Stiffness = >= Where B= Elastic modulus. T= Moment of inertia T= Length of the member {b) Find out moment at supports and draw the Bending Moment diagram of the beam shown in the figure. W Wionitran c rae HE 2 Ans. Suppose supported moments at A, and C are Imig mi, anid ny, respectively. Bending moment under load 'W' at AB, _Wab WO _ We x 2 Consider bean ‘BC’ as simply supported beam. Bending moment at the mid of span war)? we x (2 From the geometry of B.M, diagram, for span OA and AB, BCs ayxo=0 We 2x0) (1 we é eo ths(paga(eed] Using three moment equation for OA and AB 42m, +4)+ md, a [backs , bax fo qor Amg¢=2my¢=-3We or 4m, =2m, --3we ‘Using three moment equation for AB or BC we get 2nd equation and solving both m, and m, value will We be calculated as m, = 0 and M, naa . (c) Draw B.M.D. and S.F.D. for the regular purtal frame as shown in the fig. El-constant-for all by moment distribution method : 2KN/m Fixed End Moment lean = Mews Mine 0 WE _-2x6x6 AWE _=2X6*6 | 6a Mie "19-13 ™ =6kNm. Distribution Factor ¢ folnts Member actOF iI 3 B BA 4EV/4=El SEW/3 SES” 4El_ 2. 2/3EL_ 2.3 481 _ 2 2/381 23.04 BC 3h 5/381 4B _2 oy 2/3EL_2_ Cc CB 63 3/3EI 5 cD aoa SEIS EVS/3=3/5=0.6 ee BA|pc BCD. 0.6 [0.4 0.4] 0.6 -6 6 7s bs 244 236 “18 - PS “18 ve 04s, 9-48] -0.72 0.36 -024 *0.2 7036 0.062} 0,096 0.096] -0.144 0.031 = 0.048 0.048 0.072 0.028 }0.0192-0.0192} -0.028 din 441 | -4.492 -1.507/-4.436 2.232 Free moment diagram of BC parabola with maximum ordinate => 2 = 18kNm. Draw in compresion side of member. Difference of these two diagram is BM diagram. Positive and negative are marked upon whether cousing tension! compression on doted side. 4.492 B 1,507.5.(a) Write down the expression for three moment equation with usual meaning. Ans, Three moment equation: 1) +My 1 where 1, [, = Spans of AB and BC respectively My. My. Me = Moments (support) at A, B and C respectively. (b) Calculate the maximum slope and deflection in case of a simply supported beam of span 6 m subjected to a point load 10 KN at the mide of the span. El constan Ans. Given, W= LO KN, J 6m Simply supported beam with a central load W. £ M26 (As beam is loaded 2” dx At x symetrically) we Q=— 16 we ow C= 7 to ty Wal Wwe’ or HE ' cs + 16 Wai WEG or Blys=—-# HC, i te ALK =O y= 0, or Ely= Wx’ : we : 12 16 ALX =O,slope We 1086 Toul tbl AL = 1/2, Detection 0 aoene Se, (An) agel UL ( A horizontal stect girder having uniform C/S Is simply supported at its end, carries the load as shown In fig, Calculate the deflection of the Take = wei xe! 78 beam under the load by Macwulay 200 GPa and | = 160. 10" un, 12 kN 8kN 65m asm 3.m Ans. 12kN BAN tam = 200 GPa ~ 200 « 10° Nitin? 60 «10% mint M,* R, x 14 = (12 « 3) (8 9.5) = 2 2 or Ry == = BRN 4R.+ R= 12+ 8-20 or R\=20-8= 12KN Using Macallay’s method 2) When x=0,¥=0,C,=0 When x= I4,y=0 Putting this value in equation O=-2(14Y + C,(14) +2 (14-3) + 1.33 (14-9.5P° C, = 1932.2 G=0 Substituting this 'C,"and’C, values in equation (2) Ely =—2x’ + 193.2x + 2(x-3)' + 133(8-9.5)) Now for deflection under 12 KN load, x = 3m Ely, =-2G) + (1932 x 3)+[2G-3)] +133 6-9: 160.. 200% 10° x160x10° x10" = 5% 10*M=5 x 10°mm (Ans) Similarly for deflection under 8 KN load, x Sm Ely, =-2 (9.5) + 1932.2 x 9.5 +2(9.5-3) +0 = 669.9 669.9 or Yo= 200x10° x160x10° x10" €(2) Meation one advantages of xed Beat over sieph supported Beans, Aw Advantages of tived beam. > For the same buating ‘ Deane is less than that if the sit eat. (b) Seate different end conditions of colama and write down the relation beaween equivalent Tength ane actual length in each case, Ang In actual practice, there are a number of end conditions, for columns. But we shall study the Euler's column theory on the following four Qpes of end conditions, which sre important from the subject point Relation between equivalent] length (L, ) & actual length (¢) T. Both ends hinged One end fixed and the other free 3. Both ends fixed 4. One end fixed and the other hinged (©) By using method of section, find out the axial forces along member 1, 2, and 3 as shown in the fig. ‘Ans. Considering RHS of the section X — X =M, ‘ca XEC+6*4=0or Fy = “4ytan30 (-)6tan 30 = 3.46 kN (compress) 4 c0s30 IM, =0= F,, cos30x =6x4+6x8 or Fay =p = 18KN (Tension) EV=0= F,,sin30- F,,sin30~ 12=0 or 18% 0.5—-F,,*0.5-12=0 or 7.(a) State slope deflection equation for a member. ‘Ans. By Moment Area Method : 4 Md, Slope equation, ®= J a =(-)JMd, =F (x) pediccsion equaticn, Ely f(=}=F Ux): () A fixed beam AB of span 6 mis subjected to 2 point load of 20 RN and 15 kN ata distance of Mn and 4 m from A. Calculate the fixing moments at A and B. 20kN_15KN 2mj 2m ¥ 2mRy A Fixing moment at A wab? 20x2%4? | 15x42? M, = ywae = Re | aa a a = 17.77 + 6.66 = 24.43 KNm. wath — 20x2?x4 | 15x42 x2 M, = yah. Se pint. meet , ee = 8.88 + 13.33 = 22.21 KNm. (c) Find maximum slope and deflection for a simply supported beam with a UDL over the span by double Integration method. ‘Ans. Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load 1 dy . scleral oe sie osm tate ww[Sub Code : CET - 401] Full Marks : 70 Time : 3 Hours Answer any five questions. in the right-hand margin indicate marks. a ‘Deficient Frame’ ? Write down the R (b) Find out the propped reaction ofa cantilever beam of span 3 m subjected to an UDL 15 kN/m over whole span, The beam is propped at free end.[5 (©) Find out the force in members using method of section, 0 10 kN BA Ac Sm 2.(a) Give an example where slope is maximum and deflection is zero. R (b) Write down the assumption in slope deflection method. 5 (©) Calculate maximum slope and deflection in case of a cantilever of span 6 m subjected to a point load of 10 KN at free end and UDL of 15 kKN/m cover half span from fixed end. Take El constant. 0 3. (a) Write down the relationship between the slope, deflection and radius of curvature. 2 (b) State and explain three moment (equation) indicating the meaning of the terms used. What specific modification in the formula is needed at a fixed and free end? 6 (©) A continuous beam is simply supported over two spans, such that AB = 4 mand BC=6 m. Itcarries UDL of 4 kN/m over span BC and a point load of 6 KN at the centre of span AB. Determine the support moment over B by applying theorem of three moments. v 4.(a) Write down the equation of deflection at free end of a cantilever beam of span ‘/" subjected to a point load ‘w’ at free end. Q (b) A fixed beam AB of span 2.5 m is subjected toa point load of 20 KN at mid span. Draw the bending moment diagram. [5 (0) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whole span. Derive the expression for fixed end moments. v7 5.(a) Write down the statement of second theorem of moment area method. R (b) A simply supported beam of span 6 metres is subjected to a point load of 40 KN at the centre, Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method. Take EI = 10 x 10? N-mm?. 5 (©) A continuous beam ABC with fixed end at ‘A’ simply supported over support ‘B’ and ‘C’. The span AB = 6 m and BC = 5 m. Span AB is subjected to a point load 20 KN at 2 m from support ‘A’ and UDL 5 kN/m over whole span BC. Find out the reactions and moment at supports by using moment distribution mehod. 0 6.(a) What do you mean by three hinged arch? [2 (b) Show that the bending moment at any section of a three hinged parabolic arch of span ‘and rise h carrying UDL w/unit run over entire span is zero. ‘ (©) A three hinged arch of span 10 m and rise 4 m carries a UDL of 100 KN/m on the right half of the span. Find the position and magnitude of maximum bending moment in the arch. {7 7.(a) What do you mean by a portal frame? 2 (b) A steel rod 5 m long and 40 mm diameter is used as a column, with one end fixed and other free. Determine the Crippling load by Euler’s formula. Take E as 200 GPa, 5 (©) Analyse the plane frame shown in figure using slope deflection method and draw BMD. {7Sm mhD-# ANSWERS TO 2016(5) 1.(a) What is a ‘Deficient Frame’ ? Write down the equation. Ans. Deficient Frame : A deficient frame is an imperfect frame, in which the number of members are less than (2j ~ 3). Eqn. n < (2) -3) where, n= number of members and j= number of joints. (b) Find out the propped reaction of a cantilever beam of span 3 m subjected to an UDL 15 kN/ m over whole span. The beam is propped at free end. Ans. 15 «N/m A B 3m: Given length (f) = 3m, Load (wt) = 15 KN/m. 3at ‘We know that propped reaction P = === 3x5x3 =1687KN. (Ans) Calculations of Reactions : R, x 5 = 10 * AB cos 60° = 10 x (5 cos 60°) x c0s60° or R,=2.5KN Also, R, +R, = 10 or R,=10-25=75KN. (© Find out the force in members using method of section, ‘Sm Taking moments of the forces acting in the left part of the truss only about point “C’ and equating the same, we have, P,, 5 sin 60°=R, x 5 5x5 ISS _8.664N(0). nO" (6) ot, Pay = (Ans) Now taking moments of the forces acting in the left part of the truss only about the joint ‘A’ and equating the same. £ Pye x Stan 60°= nc tan 60" 433kN(T). (Ans) Taking moments of the force acting in the right part of the truss only about joint ‘B’ and equating the same. Pc [sin 30°=R, x1 R, Pye =e =2.5x2=5KN(c). of Pye = =2.5x2=5kN(e). (Ans) 2.(a) Give an example where slope is maximum and deflection is zero. ‘Ans. Cantilever beam of fixed and super is an example where slope is maximum and deflection is zero.(©) Write down the assumption in slope deflection 1 method. sinie AC. + Ans. Consider a bam AB subjected to a bending 7 Moment. As a result of loading, et the beam deflect from Since the angle iis very small, therefore sin i may for to ADB into a circular arc, as shown in figure _be taken equal to low, pe i=— radians Again substituting the value of R in equation (ji) 2 cadians 2EI um slope and deflection in case of a cantilever of span 6 m subjected to a point load of 10 kN at free end and UDL of 15 Let L= Length of the beam AB. kiN/m over half span from fixed end. Take El Bending moment. constant. R=Radius of curvature ofthe bent up beam. Ans. I= Moment of inertia of the beatn section. 10kN E = Modulus of elasticity of beam material 10kN/m Y = Deflection of the beam. P= Slope of the beam. A From the geometry of a circle, we know that AC x CB=EC x CD saree 6m ——— i i =(2R-y)xy . Given : Load at fre end (W) = 10 KN = 10 x 10° N. I P lapy-y?=2Ry Length = AB (I) = 6m=6 10° mm, Udl AC (w) 4 = 10 kN/m = 10 N/mm length AC (1,) = 3m = 3 * 10° mmm, E= 200 GPa=200 x 10° Nimm?, T= 100 x 10mm‘, y & af Slope at the free end : , [Wed] (we) (wey M_E =| /+]]/ |-| We know that “== a (sa) (33) ( 6El EI = (10%10°)x(6x10°)" =| Now substituting this value of R in equation (i) 2x(200x 10°)(10010°) P__ mi > Y= "sH - 10(6x10?) _{ 10x[(6x10")-(310°)] 8x 6%(200%10°)(100x10°) || ~6(200%10°)(100%10") From the geometry of the figure, we find that the = 0.009 + (0.018 + 1.75) = 1.777 slope of the beam i at A.or Bis also equal to angle AOC. Deflection at the free end :_[ We] fw Yo=| sey [ser | (10x10*)x(6x10°)’ 3(200%10°)(100x10%) |* 8(20010°)(100x10%) { 10(6%10°)-(310°)' 10 (6x10") -(3x10°)] (6x10")} 6(200x10°)(100%10°) = 36 + 81 —(75.93 + 94500) = 117 — (94575.93) = - 94458.93. 3.(a) Write down the relationship between the slope, deflection and radius of curvature. ‘Ans. The relation between the slope deflection 2 and radius of curvature is M=ED SY (®) State and explain three moment (equation) indicating the meaning of the terms used. What specific modification in the formula is needed at a fixed and free end ? ‘Ans. Theorem of three moments: It states, if a beam n supports, the end ones being fined, then the same no. of equations required to determine the support ‘moments may be obteined from the consecetife pairs of spans, i.e. AB-BC, BC-CD,CD-DE & so on consider a continuous beam ABC, fined at A & C @ supported at B. Let, = Span AB of beam 1, = moment of inertia of the beam in spam AB. 1, , 1, = Corresponding values for the spom Be. M, = Support moment at A. ‘Support moment at B. ‘Support moment at C. If the moment of inortia of the beam is constat then M,l, + 2m, (I, + 1) + ml, = (s3 si) (S2+ (©) A continuous beam is simply supported over ‘two spans, such that AB = 4 m and BC = 6 m. It carries UDL of 4 kN/m over span BC and a point load of 6 KN at the centre of span AB. Determine the support moment over B by applying theorem of three moments. 4kNim ‘Given length AB, (/,) = 4m; Length BC (1, Point load at *D’, (W) = 6 KN, . Length AD (a) = 2 m; DB (b) = 2m. UDL in BC (@) = 4 kN/m. Let M,, My, M. are the fixing moments at A, B, C respectively. Let us consider the beam ‘AB’ as simply supported. So bonding moment of D, 6x2x2 ONEX? = 6KN/ 7 m.SAMPLE Using three moments equation, Mh h2My 11) EM. 4.(a) Welte down the equation of def end of a cantilever pan “ subjected {oa point lond *w" at free end. . WL Ans, Equation of deflection y= 5 where, W = Point load {= Span of beam E.= Modulus of elasticity T= Moment of inertia of the beam, (b) A fixed beam AB of span 2.5 m is subjected to a point load of 20 KN at mid sp Draw the bending moment diagram, Ans, B 2.5m 1,25—k— 1.25 .25m _Wab? _ 20x1,25° Loe Fg 76.25 KN—m mo We 228 gosto (©) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whole span, Derive the expression for fixed end moments, Ans. swhinit length xing moment at A and ;xing moment at B. the beam is symmetrical therefore m, and im, will also be equal ; Now equating the areas of the two diagrams, Similarly, m, =-~— ‘We know that maximum positive bending moment 2 at the centre of the beam = = Net positive bending moment at the centre of the beam =P wP wet 8 120 24 Shear force diagram Let, R, = Reaction at A, and R,,= Reaction at B. Equating the clockwise anticlockwise moments about A. moments and Ry Xl-+m, =m, + wee we R= a: i Similarly, R, =~ a) Deflection of the beam. We know that bending moment at any section X, ata distance x from A, 1 _ (wl m, =H, -Hy =| a w-(¥ BY (whe we? ax? (2 i 46 ODWhere C, d now that when x= 0, then 5 =0. Therefore C, = 0 " j wl?x pr dy Whe? wee +C. AEC nE 2 ies Where C, is the second constant of integration. We know that when x = 0, then y=0. Therefore C, = 0 4 3 25.2 Bl. wix? _ wx* _ wi?x’ (ii) We know that the maximum deflection occurs at the centre of the beam. Therefore substituting x = //2 in the above equation, may = (2) wes} Ely, =—| =| -—|=] -—|= 12\2) ~24\2) ~ 242 12 24 24 Point of contraflexures. The points of contraflexuures may be found out by equating (i) to zero. wix wx?) _ wi? 22) 2 2 xa 6 Solving this quadratic equation for x, the first constant of integration. We 0.5 1+ 0.289 1 = 0.789 / and 0.211 1 5.(a) Write down the statement of second theorem of moment area method. ‘Ans. Second theorem of moment area method It states, “ The intercept taken on a vertical fererence line of tangents at any two points on an elastic curve is equal to the moment the B.M. diagram between these points about the reference line divided by EI”. (b) A simply supported beam of span 6 metres is subjected to a point load of 40 KN at the centre. Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method, Take EI = 10 x 10 N-mm'. Ans. Given data, Span (J) = 6m=6 x 10°mm Point load (W) = 40 kN = 40 x 10° N Flexural Rigidity (EI) = 10 « 10 N/mm? Maximum deflection of the beam at its centre, _ WE _40x10°x(6x10)) ¥ H=15.625 kN At any section distance ‘x’ from A or B. or y=0.16 x (10x) Maximm Bending moment in AB At any section distance ‘x’ from A, the B.M. is given, M, BY xx= (10x) 15.625y = 37.5x — 5x? — 15,625 * 0.16x (10 ~ x) = 37.5x — 5x? 25x4+2.5.2 =12.5x-250 For maximum bending moment —*=0 or 12.5-5x=0 or x =12.5/5=25m (M) guy = 12.5x-2.5 x2 = 12.5 2.5 2.5 * 2.5? = 15.625 kN-m. (Ans) 7.(a) What do you mean by a portal frame ? ‘Ans. The portal frame is an example for a statically indeterminate structure. This frame can be analysed by strain energy method, moment distribution method, slope defiection method ete. « Sane or suo (b) A steel rod 5 m long and 40 mm diameter used as a column, with one end fixed and other free. Determine the Crippling load by Euler’s formula. Take E as 200 GPa. Ans, Given length (2) = Sm= 5 * 10'mm Diameter (d) = 40 mm Modulus of elasticity (E) = 200 GP, = 200 * 10° Nimm, ‘We know that moment of inertia of the column a section, “a x(40)' =40,000xmm* a Since the column is fixed at one end and free at other, therefore equivalent length of the column, L=21=2 x (5 * 10°) = 10 « 10° mm. Crippling load, BI _ 7? x(200%10?) x(40,0002) L (10x10) = 2480 N = 2.48 KN. (Ans) (©) Analyse the plane frame shown in figure using slope deflection method and draw BMD. 20KN 2kN/m Bom 2m—o 1 Sm A, dot‘Vertical reaction at A and D V,=V_= 14 kN ; Since the frame is uniform flexural rigidity H is M given fu mtax=0 iven by the condition © [ a ‘The B.M., ‘M’ at any section and the correspond for various components of the frame area, a 2f Hytdy -4 ['(-6x—x2 ~ 4H) dx =0 3 g 8 a dox£ 2 ated) 0 => 83.33 H+ 192 + 85.33 +644 =0 > 882 KN. BM, Calculation : Column AB or DC, M = -Hy = Aty=Oie,atAorD => M Aty=Sie.,atBorC = M =-9.41 kN. Beam BC : =~ 6x-x?- 4H = ~6x ~x?— 7.528 Atx=Oie,atB | M=-7.528 kNm. 1.882 y 1.882 «5 Atx=4ie, at ‘e, M=—6 x 4—4?— 7,528 =-47.528 kNm. Point of Contraflexture : ~6x =x? 7.25528 =0 or x?+6x+7.528= 2 642.43 1 == 4.215 or — 1.785. 7.528 [CET - 401] Full Marks : 70 Time : 3 Hours “Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks, 1. (a) What is a deficient frame ? 2 (b) Find the forces in various member of the truss as shown in figure and tabulate the results. [5 c B 60° 607 pad Ay k——_3m (©) Derive an expression for slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a central point load. 0 2. (a) State the difference between a perfect frame and in imperfect frame. 2 (b) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to two point load of 20 KN and 30 KN at a distance of 2 mand 4 m from A. Calculate fixing moment at A and B, ‘5 (©) Acontinuous beam ABC 10 metre long rests on three support A, B and C at the same level and is loaded as shown in figure. ra 1am B 2m—k—4m 4m Determine the moments over the beam and draw the bending moment diagram. Also calculate the Teactions at the support and draw shear force diagram using theorem of three moment, 0 3.(@) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam. 2 (b) Find the reaction at the Propped end of the cantilever as shown in figure, 5ind out forces in all the members with their natureas tensile or compressive as sl figure pressive y pr as shown in figu 2kN 4,(a) In case of a column whose both ends are hinged, what will be its equivalent length. ie (b) A three hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m and rise 10 mis carrying a uniformly distributed load as shown in figure, Find the horizontal thrust at the support. (5 (c) Draw the bending moment and shear force diagram of the beam shown in figure and find out what are the reactions at the support ? 0 2KN/m 12KN ve B 3m 4 6m 6m c 5,(a) Explain theorem of three ‘moment. R (b) A cantilever beam 2 m long is subjected 0 @ unifomly distributed Joad of 5 KN/m over its entire length. Find out the slope and deflection of the cantilever beam at its free end. ‘Take El = 2. “ 102 Nimm*. (© Caleulate the deflection of the simply supported beam under the loads as shown in figure. Take F200 GPa and I = 160 x 10° mm a D 14m 6.(a) State slope deflection equation for a member (2 (b) State different end conditions of column and write down the relation between equivalent length and actual length in each case. 5 (©) Find out the reaction at A and B and draw the bending moment diagram for the parabolic arch as shown in figure. 7 7.(a) When do you prefer method of sections over ‘method of joint in truss analysis ? e (b) Derive expression for slope and deflection of a cantilever carrying point load at its free end using, moment area method. [5 (6) Analyse the portal frame shown in figure using moment distribution method and draw the bending. moment diagram. v 2kN/im B c O6m 7 0 0 4m A D ANSWERS TO 2015(S) 1.(a) What is a deficient frame ? Jeficient frame is an ‘Ans, Deficient Frame : A ¢ imperfect frame, in which the nuiber ‘of members are Jess than (2) - 3). Eqn. n f—4 m: 4m Determine the moments over the beam and draw the bending moment diagram. Also calculate the reactions at the support and draw shear force diagram using theorem of three moment. ‘Ans. Applying the theorem of three moments for the span AB and BC. 2m 4m am Length of AB = Length of BC M, - Fixing moment of A. M, ~ Fixing moment of B. Let us consider the beam AB as simply supported. So bending moment at D. Wab _3x2x4 oar 6 M, =4kN-m. Bending moment at the mid of the span BC. WL, 3x4 8 Using three moment equation, 6kN-m, 6x1 M,}, +2M, (I, +1,)+Mcly + B, $x6xd=12m x,= 942 -8-2.67m, 303 2,2 bh = Fee =~ 0.55 (compression) Joint B Fac Fo Foe ZH=0 Fyc * Fyy 608 60 + Fy_ COS 60 = 0. 1 1 Fyc = 2.89 x 5 —0.55 x 5 = 117 (Tensile) 4.(a) In case of a column whose both ends are hinged, what will be its equivalent length. ‘Ans. In case of a column whose both ends are hinged, then its equivalent length will be sam as its actual length. Mathematically, Le=/. (b) A three hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m and rise 10 m is carrying a uniformly distributed load as shown in figure. Find the horizontal thrust at the support. Ans. Given data, Span (I) = 40m and central rise (y,) = 10 m. H_ = Horizontal thrust at the springings V, = Vertical reaction at A. V,, = Vertical reaction at B. 30 KN/m Va Vs Vertical reaction V, at B can be calculated by taking moments about A ‘and equating anti-clockwise moments with clockwise moments V,, «40 = (30 x 20) x 10 = 6000 V, = 0008 = 150 kN. 40 The beam moment at C due to external loading H, =V,*20 30 x 20 = 3000 kN-m. Horizontal thrust, r= Hs = 3000 _ 599 4N, Ye (©) Draw the bending moment and shear force diagram of the beam shown in figure and find ‘out what are the reactions at the support ? 2. KNim 12 KN £ B 3m 4 6m 6m ic ‘Ans. Consider section at a distance x from A.SERS m, -erY ay 2 R,xx-12(x—3)- 2029) = Ely=R (Z)-$ x-3/ “he -6)" e -M.—+ Ly ter te @) ¢, and c, are integrating constant. dy Since A and C ends are fixed $*=0 when x= 0 54 (1) forx=0,¢,= also 0 when x= 12. =72R, -6(9)' -M,x12+6, 2x6 6 =T2R,-414-M, «12 +6, => -12M,+72R,-414=0 => -2M,+12R,-69=0. onl) Deflection ‘at y is 0 when x is 0 hence equation (3) on neglecting negative results c, is 0. Deflection y is 0 when x is 12, -3M_+R,- 65.25 =0. (8) From equation (4) and (5) we have, R,=2.251N, M,=-21 EN Put x= 12 in equation (1), substitute R, and M, > My=-12KN For bending moment at D put <= > M,~ 82.125 kNm Put x > 6 in equation (1) > M125 kNm Maximum bending moment from equation (1) at x= 1125 m 3 mequation (1) Substitute x in equation (1) we have, M, = 42.568 kNm. 12kN 5.(a) Explain theorem of three moment. Ans. Theorem of Three Moments : If a beam hhas a support, the end ones being fixed, then the same ‘number of equations required to determine the support moments may be obtained from the consecutive pairs of spans. Theorem of three moments states that Where M,, My, M. = Support moments at A,B and C. AA = loading (s/s) Area of B.M. diagram for the given“1 SAMPLE PAPERS: as A, and A, Xi, Xa © Distance of centroid of a from A and C respectively. 4,1, > Span AB and BC respectively. 1.1, = ML of span AB and BC respectively. (b) A cantilever heam 2 m long is subjected to a unifomly distributed lond of S kN/m over Its entire length, Find out the slope and deflection. of the cantilever beam at its free en 2.5 10" N/mm®, SkN/m 2m ——————} Maximum slope at free end is given as = e EL 5x2 = 5X2%22%(1000)" _ 9 6, 6%2.5%10" os 384 EL Maximum deplecion = 5x10" x(2%1000)" 384% 2.510 (©) Calculate the deflection of the simply supported beam under the loads as shown in figure. Take E = 200 GPa and I = 160 x 10¢ mm, 12kN 8KN kK3m 65 45—| 4m = 83.33 mm. A Ans. Given data, E = 200 GPa = 200 x 10 N/m”. T= 160 x 10° mm‘ = 160 x 10° m* 12kN fa Considering reactions at A and B, ZE=0, Ry +R, = 1248 = 20kN Al) EM, =0°R,¥ 14=8 49541273, 112 Ry, == =8kN 14 (2) a Ryo I2KN. “The BM at any section distant x fromA is given by x : ©°Y - Rax|-R, (x-3)I-R, (x-9.5) By intigrating we get p19 2642 +6,|-6(x-3)' |-4(x-9.5)° dx. By intigrating again we get, 4 Bly= 2x? + ex +6, |-2(x-3) |-5(x-93) At- en) x=0,y=0, . C,=0 (4) At x= 14, y= 0, equation (2) becomes 0=2(14)' +140, -2(14-3) -$(1495) 5488 + 14 c, - 2662 - 121.5=0. ¢,=- 193.17 (5) By applying the value of equation (4) and (5) into equation (3). Ely = 2x? -193.17x|-2(x-3)° \-$x-95) Now to find the deflection at C (3m from A) x 3m, * 3) 193.17 x3 525.5 160 x 10° x 200 10° =(-0.164 mm downward deflection). To find deplectioin at D Put x= 9.5 m. Ely, 2 (95) - 193.17 * 9,5 - (9.5 - 3) 1714.75 ~ 1835.15 ~ 274.625 = 669.69 669.69 x10° 200%160%10~ 0.199 mm, (downward deplection), Maximum deflection, let us assume that the deflection will be maximum at a section between C and D. Equating the slope to zero, we have. 193.17-6(x-3) X= 6.87 m, Substituting the value of x = 6.87 into equation. EL You, = 2 (6.87) ~ 193.17 x 6.87-2(687.-3). 795.69 200160 Yous =~ 0.248 mm (downward deplection). State slope deflection equation for a member. Ans. By Moment Area Method : Yous = 647.3 — 6.(a) Slope equation, 9= Deflection equation, 2= Again by double integrat method : dy: Slope equation, EL= =(-)JMd, =F(x) Deflection equation, Ely = F"(x)=F(x) (b) State different end conditions of column and write down the relation between equivalent length and actual length in each case. Ans. In actual practice, there are a number of end conditions, for columns. But we shall study the Euler’s column theory on the following four types of end conditions, which are important from the subject point of veiw. Types of End Relation between equivalent Conditions length (L, ) & actual length (¢) T. Both ends hinged Tae 2. One end fixed and L.=20 the other free. 3. Both ends fixed 4 One end fixed and the other hinged (©) Find out the reaction at A and B and draw the bending moment diagram for the parabolic arch as shown in figure. Ans. =M,=0 = V,* 20-200 (20-6) =0. = V,*20=2800=0 =v, = 7800 V,+V_=200 kN => V,=200~140=60 kN. Bending moment diagram is a triangle with ‘maximum ordinate at load point. = 200%6(20-6) _ 200x6x14 20 20 At mid-span the net bending moment is zero. Ordinate of the beam moment diagram is zero, Ordinate of bending moment diagram at mid span is =84kNm.Parabola drawn with central ordinate equal to 60 kNm, 4hx(L- ayant 1010 14m 7.(a) When do you prefer method of sections over method of joint in truss analysis ? ‘Ans, We prefer method of sections over method or joints in truss analysis in following cases. — When it is required to calculate the forces or stresses in limited members of a truss instead of all members. — When number of unknown limited to 3, since there are 3 equilibrium equation.~ (b) Der expression for slope and deflection of a cantilever carrying point load at its free end using moment area method. Ans. Let / be the length of cantilever. Let the point load W applied at B. Let the slopeat B be 6, ‘Area of bending moment diagram between A & B 36 Area of bending moment diagram oC _we "QE Let the deflection of B with respect to A be y,, = 6, Ye" 3Er°3) SET” (©) Analyse the portal frame shown in figure using moment distribution method and draw the bending moment diagram. 2kN/m CcDistribution Factor Joints Member _K EVS/3 =3/5 =0.6 2036 -0.072 2232 Free moment diagram of BC parabola with maximum ordinate => ne = 18kNm Draw in compresion side of member. Difference of these two diagram is BM diagram. Positive and negative are marked upon whether cousing tension/ ‘compression on doted side.Full Marks — 80 Time : 3 Hours Answer alll questions Figures in the right hand margin indicate marks. 1.(a) Define statically determinate and statically indeterminate structure. ed (b) A cantilever beam of 3 m long carries a point load of 40 KN at its free end. Find the slope and deflection of the cantilever under the load. Take ity for the cantilever beam as 25 x iG (©) The girder is loaded at *B’ and *C’ as shown in the (Fig-1). Find the forces in all members of the girder and indicate the nature of forces. [8 GkN 4kN Fig. 1 2. (a) State the slope and deflection equation for a member by (i) Moment area method (ii) Double integration method. 2 (b) A simply supported beam of span 8 meters is subjected to a point load of 60 kN at the centre. Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method. Take EI of the beam section as 10 x 10? N-mnz. [6 (©) Derive an expression for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a UDL of w/unit length. 8 3.(@) Define a portal frame with an example. [2 (b) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to a UDL of 2 N/m. Determine the SF and BM and draw its diagram. [6 (©) Acontinuous beam ABC 10 m long rests on three supports A, Band C at the same level ands loaded as shown in (Fig.-2). 2m: Am 4a Fig. 2 Calculate the bending moment and reactions, the draw the bending moment and shear force diagram. 8 4,(a) State the stiffness factor for a beam fixed at one end and freely supported at the other. [2 (b) A continuous beam is simply supported over two spans, such that AB = 8 mand BC= 6m. It carries uniformly distributed load of 3 kN/m over span BC and a point load of 10 kN at the centre of span AB, Determine the support moment over ‘B? by applying theorem of three moment. [6 () A continuous beam ABCD is simply supported over three spans, such that AB = 6 m. BC = 8 m and CD = 5 m. It carries UDL of 4 kN/m in span AB, 3 KN/m in span BC and 2 kN/m in span CD. Find the suport moments B and C and draw the SF and BM diagrams. 8 5.(a) State and explain the theorem of three moment. 2 (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m. and rise 10 mis carrying a UDL as shown in the (Fig- 3). Find the horizontal thrust at the springings, {6 30kN/m Fig. 3 (©) A rectangular portal frame of uniform flexural rigidity El, carries a UDL of 20 kN/m as shown in (Fig-4). Draw the bending moment diagram and sketch the deflected curve, If L = 4 m and El,, = Elyc= Eley, [8| _— | 4 mT, Fig. 4 6. (a) Define about the propped cantilever beam ? [2 (b) A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 160 mmdeep is 2 m long. Determine the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam. When it carries a point load of 30 KN at its free end. Take E for the cantilever beam as 200 GPa. (6 (c) Derive the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam with a point load at its free end by double integration method. (8 7.(a) Explain how method of joint differs over the method of section in plane truss, R (b) Derive the slope and deflection of simply supported beam with a central point load ‘W" with span length ‘L’ by double integration method. (6 (©) By using method of section, find out the axial forces along member 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the (Fig-5). [8 (Theory - 1) Full Marks - 80 Answer Q, No. 1 and 2 and any three questions from the set Figures in the right hand margin indicate marks. (2*10 ? Write down the 1. Answer the following : (b) How a truss differs from a beam ? (c) Write down tie equation for deflection at free end of a cantilever beam of span ‘/” subjected to a point loas *W" at free end. (a) What do you mean by three hinged arch ? (©) Write down the relationship between the slope, deflection and radius of curvature, (f) Write down the expression for fixed end moment for a fixed beam of span ‘/" subjected to a point load ‘w" at distance ‘a’ and *b* from both ends. (g) Write down the statement of second theorem of moment area method. (h) Give an example where slope is maximum and deflection is zero. (i) Write down the expression for three moment equation with usual meaning. (i) Define carry over factor and stiffness factor. 2. Answer any six questions : [5x6 (@) Find out the force in member BD where ABCD isa square frame subjected to axis pull forces *P* along BD. (b) Calculate maximum slope and deflection in ease of a cantilever of span 6m subjected to a point ond of 10 KN at free end and UDL of 10 KN/m over half span from fixed end. Take El constant. (©) Find out the prop. reactional of a cantilever beam of span 6m subjected to an UDL 10 kN/m* over whole span. The beam is propped at free end. (d) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whole span, Derive the expression for fixed end ‘moments. (©) Acontinuous beam ABC is simply supported over support ‘A’, ‘B® and ‘C’. The span AB is Sm and BC is 6m. It is subjected to a point load 30 KN at mid span of AB and an UDL 10 kN/m over whole span of BC. Find out the moment at support ‘B". The beam is of uniform cross-section.SAMPLE (f) A three hinged symmetrical arch of span 7m is subjected an UDL of w over whole span. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams for the arch. (g) Write down the assumptions in slope deflection method. 3. Find out the force in members using method of section. {10 4, Derive the expression for maximum slope and ‘maximum deflection in case of a simply supported beam of span 6m subjected to an eccetrically placed point load 30 KN at distance 2m and 4m respectively from supports, Take EI constant. [10 5. Acontinuous beam ABC with fixed end at ‘A simply supported over support *B* and ‘C”, The spanAB = 6mand BC = 5m. Span ABs subjected toa point load 20 kN at 2m from support ‘A’ and UDL 5 kn/m over whole span BC. Find out the reactions and moment at supports. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the same. 10 6. Solve the Q. No. 5 using moment distribution method. flo 7. Analyze a symmetrical reactangular portal frame using slope deflection method of horrizontal span $m subjected to an UDL 10 KN/m over whole span and height of 3.5m. uo (Theory — 1) Full Marks — 80 Time : 3 Hours Answer five questions including Q.Nos.1 & 2 Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks Rx10 (a) Distinguish between external and internal indeterminacy of a truss. 1, Answer all questions : (b) When do you prefer method of sections over method of joints in truss analysis ? (c) What do you mean by elastic curve and the point of inflection? (@) State moment area theorems. (©) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam. (®) What is the value of radius of curvature at the point of contraflexure of a beam ? (g) What do you mean by a portal fram (h) What is meant by distribution factor in mote distribution method ? (i) Mention any two practical applications of archs, () Define space diagram in the graphical analysis g¢ a truss. 2. Answer any six of the following: [5*6 (a) Using method of sections, find axial forces in the members marked 1,2 and 3 of the plane truss shown is the Fig.(I). 2a £ tak (Fig. 1) (b) Find the reaction at the propped of the cantilever shown in the Fig.(Il). im o/unit run #e— 1} a (Fig. I) (©) Find the fixed end moments for the beam loaded as shown in the Fig, (111), PD) My MiG AWA E14 E114 ae 4 (Fig. 1D) () Show that the bending moment at any section of a three hinged parabolic arch of span / and rise carrying uniformly distributed load e/unit ru over the entire span is zero.SS{ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE (¢) State and explain three moment theorem (equation) indicating the meaning of the terms used. What specific modification in the formuls is needed at a fixed and free end? (®) What do you mena by stiftness of a member ? Explain stiffness factor and carry over factor in (g) Explain the importance of ow's notation in the graphical analysis of trusses and distinguish between polar diagram and Maxwell's diagram, Find the expression for slope and deflection of the simply supported beam shown in the Fig,(IV) {10 WY _ e/unitrun 12 12- (Fig. IV) 4, Acontinuous beam ABC is simply supported at Aand C. Spans AB and BC are of lengths 1, and |, respectively. The span AB is loaded with an uniformly distributed load of magnitude c/unit run and a concentrated load w acts at the centre of the span BC. Find the support moment at B. Also draw S.F, and B.M. diagrams, If, = 5m. I, = 3m, w= 20 KN and o = 4kN/m. 10 5. Analyes the portal frame shown in the Fig. (V) by slope deflection method and draw SFD and BMD. fo 12kN 6. Analyse the continuous beam shown in the Figure (V1) by moment distribution method. [10 £ 2kN/m 10 kN Sm 3m 2m# J= Constant (Fig. VD 7. A three hinged parabolic arch of span 15 m and rise 5 m carries « uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m on the right half of the span, jon and magnitude of maximum bending snt in the arch, 10 IV/SEM/CIVIL/2011 (S) (NEW) (Theory — 1) ‘Time -3 Hours ull Marks ~ 80 Answer five Questions including No.1 and 2 Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks 1. Answer all questions [2% 10 (a) State clearly the difference between a perfect frame and an imperfect frame. (b) Name the methods, which are employed for finding out the forces in a frame. (©) A simply supported beam of span (/) is subjected toa ud! of (w) per unit length over the whole span, State the deflections at the centre of the beam, (A) State the position and magnitude of mximum, slope of a cantilever beam of span (I) carries a udl of (1) over the entire span, (©) What do you understand by the term ‘prop’ ? (f) State any (two) advantages of fixed beam, (g) A fixed beam AB of span 3m is subjected to a point load of 15 KN at a distance of Im from A. Determine the fixing moments at A and B. (h) Explain theorem of three moments, (H) State the stiffhess factor for a beam fixed at one end and freely supported at the other. (G) State slope deflection equation for a member, 2. Answer any five questions 56 (@) A cantilever 2.4m long carries a point load of 30 KN at its free end. Find the slope and deflection of the cantilever under the load. Take flexural rigidity for th e contilever beam as 25 = 10! N- mn(b)_A simply supported beam of span 6 meters is subjected to a point load of 40 KN at the centre. Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method, Take £7 of the beam scetin as 10 S10! N-mane: (©) A fixed beam AB of span 3 m is subjected t0 a point load of 1S KN at a distance of I'm from A moment diagram, Draw the beni (d) A fixed beam AB of supn 6 m is subjected to two point loads of 20 KN and 15 KN ata distances of 2 mand 4 m trom A, Calculate the fixing moments at Aand B, (e) A continuous beam is simply supported over two spans, such that AB = 6 mand BC=4 mt carri uniformly distributed load of 2 kN/m over BC and a point load of 5 KN at the centre of span AB, Determine the support moment over B by applying theorem of three moments. (0 Determine the forces in all the members of the truss shown, 5 c 3 a mm 3. Using the method of sections, analyse the truss shown in figure below regarding forces in members ED, DF and FC. [10 4 alyse the prismati m and draw the bending three moment theor: moment diagram., Take El = 36 * 10° kN/m? as constant for the beam. [10 Skim ‘OKN 8 c baa} at Tal Derive an expression for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load of w/unit length.(10 6. Analyse the plane frame shown in figure using slope deflection method and draw B.M.D. [10 154N 1 7. A continuous beam ABCD is simply supported over three spans, such that AB = 8 m, BC = 12 m, and CD = 5 m. It carries uniformly distributed load of 4 KN/m in span AB, 3 KN/m in span BC and 6 KN/m in span CD, Find the support moments Band C and draw the SF and BM diagrams. [10 (Theory - 1) Full Marks : 80 Time : 3 Hours Answer any five questions, including Q. No. 1 & 2 The figures in the right hand margin indicate marks 1. Answer all questions. [2x10 (a) Wha is a redundant Frame ? (b) Define elastic curve. Write the equation for it (©) Explain Roller support with a diagram.sant by determinat (c) Differentiate between sy ructures 3. Draw the Ding Portal Fra ind approximate BM. tion) of the following wgram and vector (List out the various forces acting on a gravity dam, " (g) What are advantaged of seetion method over jo method ? (h) How Active earth pressure does differe from Passive earth pressure ? 7 () State the ‘middle third’ rule pertaining to the me Fig. . - stability of a Dam Structurs, Show alos the position of main reinforcement of @) Write down the equation for the maximum Uso frame: Le deflection of a simple supported beam with a 4, A simple supported beam having span of 9.0 metre central point load (W). si subjected to two point loads one is 10 kN at 2. Answer all the questions. [6x5 distance of 4.5 m from left hand support and other -ver beam 120 mm wide and 150 mm deep is 1.8 mong. Determine the slope when it carries point load of 20N at its free end. Take E = 210 is 12 kN at a distance of 3.5 m from right hand support. Find out the maximum deflection of the GPa. beam and show its position. (b) Find out the prop reaction of the propped (Take E = 210 GPa and 1 = 150 * 10° mm‘). [10 cantilever subjected to loading system as shown 5, below. 7 B 1 Udl ofS Nim (Not to scale) ig Draw alos the elastic curve of the beam. (©) Draw the deflected shape and bending moment (Approximate) diagram of the following portal ‘— Sm frame. f (Not to scale) . Find both magnitude and nature of forces of all members of the Frame as shown above. [10 uw" 6. A masonary dam 4,90 m high, 1 m wide at top and 3.65 m wide at the base retains water to the TMT cero scatey MITT? full height. The water face of the dam is vertical. Fi. 2 Determine the extreme pressure intensities at the (@) Explain two conditions for the stability of a Dam base, Water and masonry weigh 9810 Nim? and Section. Derive the required parametre in each 22600 Nin respectively. Find also the extreme © (A rectangular strut is 150 mm and 120 mm thick. Pressure intensities at the base when the dam is It carries a load at 80 KN at an eccentricity of 10 empty. [10 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Find 7.4 masonry chimney 18 metre high is of circular t bisecting the th Hi " ; fe a ne temas ot oe section, the external and internal diameter of thesection being 7 metre and 4 metre respectively. ‘The chimney is subjected to a horizontal wind pressure of 1530 N/m? on projected arca. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities at the base, Take weight of masonary as 22 kN/m*, (10 IV/SEM/CIVIL/2009 (Theory ~ 1) Full Marks : 80 ‘Time : 3 Hours Answer any five question, including Q. No.1 & 2 The figures in right-hand margin indicate marks, 1. Answer the following, (4x5 (a) Explain the principle adopted in finding out the forces in the members of a frame by method of sections. When this method is found most suitable. (b) What do you mean by eccentricity of loading ? What are its effects on a column section ? (c) Mention the conditions of stability of a dam (or a retaining wall). (d) Define an elastic curve. Derive the basic differential equation of the elastic curve. (€) What do you mean by fixed beam ? How the B.M. diagram of such a beam can be drawn ? 2. Answer all questions, (a) Find out the end moments of a fixed beam of length 4m carrying a point load 30kN at mid span. (b) Find the source in the member BC. SKN | Ae”, OA 5 <—— in —> (c) Find out the maximum slope and deflection of . cantilever of length L and uniform EI carrying a.u.d.l, of intensity w per unit run for a length of a from the fixed end to (d) Sketch the deflected shape and nature of BM. i a symmetrical rectangular portal frame due tp symmetric uniformly distributed load. [5 () Draw the B.M. diagram of a portal frame subjected to a horizontal load at anode and a vertical load at the middle of horizontal member, 5 A concrete dam of trapezoidal section is 30m high with water face vertical. The width at the top is 3m. The height of water in reservoir is 28m, Caleulate the minimum base width of the dam to avoid tension and also draw the pressure diagram at the base of the dam. Take unit weight of conerete 24000 N/m? fo A simply supported beam of span 4m and circular cross-section having diameter 200 mm loaded with uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m from left end to the midpoint. Find the maximum deflection of the beam. Take E = 2 x 10* N/mm’, to Determine graphically the forces in the members of the truss, [10 1000N 1000N 2m 2m.(CET - 401) Full Marks : 71 Time : 3 hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks, 1.(a) Explain how method of joint differs over the method of scetion in plane truss. R (b) Derive the slope and deflection of simply supported beam with a central point load *W’ with span length ‘L’ by double integration method.[5 (©) By using method of section, find out the axial forces along member 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the (Fig-5) : 0 4kN Fig. 1 3. (a) Define a portal frame with an example. [2 (b) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to a UDL of 2 kN/m, Determine the SF and BM and draw its diagram. Is (©) Acontinuous beam ABC 10 m long rests on three supports A, Band C at the same level and is loaded as shown in (Fig.-2). 0 4KN 2kN/m Fig. 5 2.(a) Define statically determinate and statically indeterminate structure, R (b) A cantilever beam of 3m long carries a point load of 40 KN at its free end. Find the slope and deflection of the cantilever under the load. Take flexural rigidity for the cantilever beam as 25 * 10” N-mm?. [5 (©) The girder is loaded at ‘B’ and ‘C’ as shown in the (Fig-1). Find the forces in all members of the girder and indicate the nature of forces. [7 Fig. 2 Calculate the bending moment and reactions, the draw the bending moment and shear force diagram, 4.(a) State the slope and deflection equation for a member by (i) Moment area method (ii) Double integration method. 2 (b) A simply supported beam of span 8 meters is subjected to a point load of 60 KN at the centre. Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method. Take EI of the beam section as 10 x 10? N-mm. (5 (c) Derive an expression for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a UDL. of w/unit length. 0‘SAMPLE PAPERS, 5.(a) Define about the propped cantilever beam ? [2 (b) A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 160 mm deep is 2 m long. Determine the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam. When it carries a point load of 30 KN at its free end. Take E for the cantilever beam as 200 GPa. 65 (©) Derive the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam with a point load at its free end by double integration method. a 6.(a) State and explain the theorem of three moment. RB (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m. and rise 10 mis carrying a UDL as shown in the (Fig- 3), Find the horizontal thrust at the springings.[5 30KN/m 10m. A B — 40m——— Fig. 3 (© A rectangular portal frame of uniform flexural rigidity EI, carries a UDL of 20 kN/m as shown in (Fig-4). Draw the bending moment diagram and sketch the deflected curve. If L= 4 m and El,, = Elge= Eley: 0 20kN/m, B = aL | A D Fig. 4 7.(a) State the stiffness factor for a beam fixed at one end and freely supported at the other. R (b) A continuous beam is simply supported over two , such that AB = 8 mand BC=6 m. Itcarries uniformly distributed load of 3 kN/m over span BC and a point load of 10 KN at the centre of H span AB, Determine the support moment over +p by applying theorem of three moment, [5 (©) A continuous beam ABCD is simply suppor over three spans, such that AB = 6 m. BC = 8m and CD =5 m. It carries UDL of 4 kN/m in spay ‘AB, 3 KN/m in span BC and 2 KN/m in span Cp Find the suport moments B and C and draw the SF and BM diagrams. 0 ANSWER TO MODEL - 1 1.(a) Explain how method of joint differs over the method of section in plane truss. ‘Ans. Only two unknown forces can be found by method of joints where as three unknown forces can be found by method of sections. (b) Derive the slope and deflection of simply supported beam with a central point load ‘W’ with span length ‘L? by double integration method. ‘Ans. Simply supported beam with a central load 1d ALX==,—==0 2° dx (As beam is loaded symmetrically) WP eo, 16© Deflection Yyo= aa eflection age By using method of section, find out the axial forces along member 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the (Fig-5). ON oN Fig. 5 ‘Ans. Considering RHS of the section X - X = Fg *EC+6x4=0 (-)ox4 = =(-)6tan30 = 3.46 kN o Fea atang0 (compress) =0=> F,, cos30x. 6x446x8 EM, = 0=> Fy, 00830x— or Fey =22=18KN(Tension) EV =0=F,,sin30—F,ysin30-12=0 or 18% 0.5~Fyy x 0.5-12=0 or 9~12=E,, x05 —)6KN (compress) 2.(a) Define statically determinate and statically indeterminate structure. Ans, Statically Determinate Structure : If the forces in the members of a structure as well as its reactions can be found by the conditions of equilibrium (ie., ZH = 0, EV = 0, EM = 0) or the principle of static alone, it is known as statically determinate structure. Statically Interminate Structure : If the forces in the members of a structure as well as its reactions cannot be found out by the conditions of equilibrium or the principle of static alone, it is known as statically interminate structure or redundant structure. (b) A cantilever beam of 3 m long carries a point load of 40 KN at its free end. Find the slope and deflection of the cantilever under the load. Take flexural rigidity for the cantilever beam as 25 x 10" N-mm®, Ams. Given data, Length, L = 3m = 3000 mm. Point load, W = 40 kN = 40,000 N. Flexural rigidity EI = 25 * 10! N-mm. , We (i) Slope at the free end is, 4s =r _ 40,000x30007 _ 3.6x10"" 2x25x10" 5x10" 0.0072 rad. (ii) Deflection at the free end is WL _ 40,000%3000? BEI 3x25x10" (©) The girder is londed at ‘B’ and ‘C’ as shown in the (Fig-1). Find the forces in all members of the girder and indicate the nature of forces. Ye =14.4mm/(Ans.)Support reactions Rx 8=bx2+4x6=36 36 or Rosa 4.5 kN R= (6+4)-4.5=5.5 kN. Member forces Joint D EV=0=F., sin60+R,=0 OF Fey * 0.866 =—4.5 ~4.5 or Rp= oan (-)5.2kN (compression) ZH = F,,cos60° + F, or -5.2x0.5+F,, or Fey = 2.6 KN (Tension) Joint A ZV=0=>F,,sin60°+R, =0 OF Fyy 0.866 +5.5=0 =f =5.5 ot Fas = gag ~ (-)635KN (compression) ZH = 0 = F,,c0560" + F,. = or ~6.35*0.5+F,,=0 or F,,=3.18 KN (Tension) 60" + F,F yy < Fy + Fy C0860" ~ F,cos6oe st e 3,18 2.6 — 2Fp.c0360° = 258. = 0,58 kN (Tension) cen tes 205) Joint B ZH =.= Pye + FygC0860° — F,yc0s60= 0 OF Fye+ (0.58) * 0.5 + 6.35 *0.5=0 of Fyc = ()2.89 KN (compression) 3.(a) Define a portal frame with an example, Ans. Portal Frame : A simple portal frame consists of a beam resting over two columns, The junction of the beams and columns behaves like a rigid joint, and the relative angle between the members remains unchanged. or, w/m length A O77 2 ‘77 Fig. Portal frame (©) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to 2 UDL of 2 KN/m. Determine the SF and BM and draw its diagram, Ans, Ry =Ry = T= 5 = ON. x 2KN/m ea A B ‘6m: y Consider any section *X’ at a distance x from t he left end ‘A’. The shear force at the section ie £=R,-wx = 2x.GEN(+) hence F, = +R, — wx -2*6=-6k ‘Simply supported ben at a distance ‘x’ from left end ‘A’ is given by, M,=4R, -wat 2 2x? 36x = 6x—x? ‘The value of B.M. at different points are : AtA, x= 0, hence My Se 2 2 ALB, x=L=6 Hence My =~, 22 =6x6-2x6'=0 2 62 (J =6x5-=x| =| =18-9=9kN-m(+). 22°23 Fixed end BM at A and B 2 2 = (RE 2 — 6am 2 12 26Nm 1g moment at the section (©) A continuous beam ABC 10 m long rests on three supports A, B and C at the same level and is loaded as shown in (Fig.-2). 4kN 2kN/m 2m: 4m dm: Fig. 2 Calculate the bending moment and reactions, the draw the bending moment and shear force iagram, Ans. KN 2kN/m D. B 2m 4m: 4m Let M, = Fixing moment of A M, = Fixing moment of B. M. = Fixing moment of C. M8? kvm, oa 4 Bending moment at the mid of the span BC. We find that= 2.67 + 5.33 = 8.00 ak = Sx dvd 2221.38 By using three moments equation. 6a,x, , 6a;X) SR 1h M,l, + 2M,(1, +1) + Mel, = { vam (64) r= {88-2213 j= 1.99 KN-m. Shear force diagram Let R, = Reaction at A R, = Reaction at B R, = Reaction at C Taking moment about B. Ry=R,* 6-(4 * 2) *4—-(2*2)=-1.99 *4=1,99+4=5,99 1.497| R,+R,+R.=44+2%4=12 R, =12-R,-R,=12-1-1.497 R, = 9.503 4,(a) State the slope and deflection equation for a member by (i) Moment area method Double integration method. Ans. (i) Moment area method Slope equation 9 = i ) Deflection equation z= phe (i) Double integration method ody 7 , Slope equation BIg )JMa, £"(x) Deflection equation Ely = f f"(x)dx = £(x) (b) A simply supported beam of span 8 meters , subjected to a point load of 60 KN at the centr Determine the maximum deflection at 4); centre by using moment area method. Take py of the beam section as 10 x 10? N-mm’. ‘Ans. Given data, Span (1) 8m = 8 x 10° mm. Point load (v) = 60 KN = 60 x 10°N Flexural rigidity (EI) = 10 10! N-mnv, Maximum deflection of the beam at its centr _ WD (60x10?) x(8x10°) _ <“Qgpl” a8x1ox10® (©) Derive an expression for the slope ani deflection of a simply supported bean subjected to a UDL of w/unit length. Ans, Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load =l X= 30g, 70 As beam is loaded symmetri™ wh wh ee 16" 48 +C,wh a dy 24 x Oandy=0 dy wx’ wh Ha - wae dx 6 24 x4 5.(a) Define about the propped cantilever beam ? A 7 Ans. If a beam is fixed at one end and simply supported at the other end, it is called a propped 1—+ cantiliever beam. (a) (b) A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 160 mm deep is 2 m long. Determine the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam. When it B carries a point load of 30 KN at its free end, A Take E for the cantilever beam as 200 GPa. Yo Ans. Width, b = 120 mm Depth, d= 160 mm ™, Span, 1= 2m = 2000 mm 7 Point load, w = 30 kN = 30 x 10°N o) E = 200 GPa = 200% 10° N/m? Sol. Substituting ina, C, ‘Slope at the free end Substituting in b, C, = 0 ‘We know that moment of inertia of the beam > section . ae =Wk “= ix > 120x160? \ y= bd 120%160" — 49 96%:10°mm Wk? We 3 3 and Ely=—* and slope at the free end A ' 2 6 tx 2 20008 wit ___30*10°%2000" 9.0073 rad 2EI 2x200x10"x40.96%10 {we Deflection of the free end we ___30x10"%2000" ___ 9 76mm __L (we _WP)_ we Ye ZBI” 3x200x10 x 40.96%10° Deflection Yu = Fr|—>-——E- |= ae 6. State and explain the theorem of three (©) Derive the slope and deflection ofa cantilever Sea eaeneee beam with a point load st ‘Ans. Theorem of Three Moments : If a beam integration method. has a support, the end ones being fixed, then the same aa enn EE number of equations required to determine the support Cantilever with a load at the moments may be obtained from the consecutive pairs M,=-w(-x) of spans. Theorem of three moments states that -[-w(I-x)]= Wi-Wx ; ! 1 ; u,(t}am,( 2 om(4] Le WEG, lt ; ee ax 7 =f B4 2) we Lh Bly = Wh - EE gx +...) i Wy 6EET SAMPLE PAPERS) a Horizont Where My, My, Me = Support moments at A. B "A, A, = Area of B.M. diagram for the given yy Ay loading (s/s) (c) A rectany istance of centroid of areas A, and A, Oi dity EL, carries a UDI, of 20 KN/m as show a Draw the bending moment diagran i - neDe ent dlagra from A and C respectively. in (Fig-4). Draw the | n mt 4, pan AB and BC respectively. and sketch the deflected curve. If L = 4 m ang 1,, I, = ML. of span AB and BC respectively. Eley (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m. 20kNim and rise 10 m is carrying a UDL as shown wv the (Fig-3). Find the horizontal thrust at the B springings. 30kN/m | 1 2L ————} mam A B 2 — — Fig. 4 ‘Ans. Given data, Fig.3 Length of AB = 4m. ‘Ans. Given data, Length of BC=2L=2%4=8 mi 40m and central rise (y,) = 10 m. Length of CD = 4 m. H_ = Horizontal thrust at the springings. Load on BC (A) = 20 kN/m, V, = Vertical reaction at A. Ely = Elgc = Eley: V, = Vertical reaction at B. 20 kN/m 30 N/m. B Cc 21 Vertical reaction V, at B can be calculated by taking moments about A ‘and equating anti-clockwise a D moments with clockwise moments. Support Reactions : V, * 40 = (30 * 20) x 10 = 6000 Let M,,= Moment at A, vy, = 6000 = 50 ay M,,, = Moment at B in span BA. ag Myc = Moment at B in span BC. ‘The beam moment at C due to external loading. Mcy = Moment at C in span CB. aa Moy = Moment at C in span CD. 50 x 20 = 3000 KN-m. Mpc = Moment at D.(@ Fixed end moment Let usass AB, BC and CD from the geometry of the figure, we find that, fixed end moment Min =Miy =0 » WE 0x8 ie =p = = 106.67 kN =m. 106.67 KN-m, Mea = Myc = 0. (ii) Slope Deflection Equations : Since the frame is fixed at A and D. Therefore the slopes will be equal to zero. Moment at ‘A’ in the span AB, Mu Bl (2i, +i,)+M ny a. Mya = i (2i, +i, )+My, Foi, +i,)# Mi, - Bei, +0)+0 =EIXiy. Moment at ‘B in span BC, Mi, =2Exlne 5 (iy +ic) + Mc _ 2x1 “63 _ El(2ip tic) _ eee (2ig +ic)- 106.67 106.67 Mey = Elon ¥ (Zig +ip)+Mey = 2El (25, +ig)+106.67 @p (ie tie vi) 1106.07 Moment at °C" in span CD, (E12 i.) - 100.67] =0 EL i.) — 106.67 106.67, let Mey = 0. +i.) 4-106,67] + (E 0 EI x i) + 106.67 + (ELS i.) xi) + 106.67 = 0 0= CB) Ete 196.67 106.67 +(-53.335) 46 65 = 106. =— 88.89 KN- Mey = Et ic is) 5 106,67 co x _2Elig+Elig 2 +106.67 = 10680 +53.335 19667 0.00 kN-m. EI xi, = 53.335 KN-m. _Elxig 2 53,335 2 M co Mpc = 26.667 KN-m. The bending moment at the mid of the span BC, by considering it as a simply supported beam. 20x8? 8 =160kN-m. a “A 7.(a) State the stiffness factor for a beam fixed at one end and freely supported at the other. Ans. Stiffness Where E = Elastic modulus 1= Moment of inertia 1 = Length of the member (b) A continuous beam is simply supported over two spans, such that AB = 8 m and BC = 6 m. It carries uniformly distributed load of 3 KN/ m over span BC and a point load of 10 yy the centre of span AB, Determine the sup)" moment over “BY by applying theorem of tr” moment. Ans. Applying the theorem of three moments the spans AB and BC. 10 KN Length AB /, = 8m. Length BC (/,) = 6m Point load at *D’ = w= 10 KN. Distance AD = 4m (As loaded centrally) Also DB = 4m UDL in BC =3 KN/m. M, = fixing moment of A. M, = fixing moment of B. M, = fixing moment of C. Let us consider the beam AB as a simpl supported. So bending moment at D. M, = Nab _ T0x4x4 1, 8 Bending moment at the mid of the span BC. wh 3x6? 8 Using three moments equation. =20kN-m =13.5kN-m Myl,+2M, (1, +1)+M¢l, = a 10 KN 3 kN/m “ D 0 ‘6mSE avacvave or ermvcrone =_(l 4x2) (1 20 Applying the theorem of three moments for these aXi=[ptost +(praxzo (a2 spans, 3x8? 2x5? + (40 x 10,67), x a ’ + 426.67 M,x 8+ 2M,(8 +5) +M, * 5 = a wee Since D is the simply supported end. ess[5 6x3} = 161.94 M=0 8M, + 26M, = 384 + 62.5 = 446.5 Using three moments, O+2M, (8+6)+0 28M, = 359.99 + 161.99 = 521.98 (c) Acontinuous beam ABCD i over three spans, such that AB mand CD t carries UDL of 4 kKN/m in span AB, 3 span BC and 2 kN/m in span CD. Find the suport moments B and C and draw the SF and BM diagrams. 916.7549M Ans, 4x £+13M, = 223.25 4kN/m | 3. kN/m 2kN/im a 10 <—6m—e— 8m —e— Sm —9 i 625} _307+36M, +130M, ~ 10 _307+166M, ~ 10 = 307 + 166M, = 2232.5 = 1925.5 IM, My 13M, = 223.25 = 223.25 = 323.25 1.599 KN=m| 4M, + 13M, = 223.25 4M, + 13 x 11,599 = 223.25 Applying the theorem of three moments for the 4M, + 150.79 = 223.25 spans AB and BC. 4M,= 72.45 M, x6+2M, x(6+8)+M, x8m M, =18.11KN 4x6? 3x8? Maximum free bending moment for span AB ye 4 4 4x6 I8kN Since A is the simply supported end of the girden. pa aa a M,=0 Maximum free bending moment for span BC 28M, + 8M, = 216 + 384 = 600 > 14M, + 4M, = 300 a) 3x8 =24kN- Consider the span BC and CD. ayMaximum free bending moment for span CD 2x5? 8 .25kKN-m 4x6 BMatB=V, x 6-—>— = 18.11 y, -18.1472 6 LV, =15.01 kN B.Matc= 15.01 x 14+V, x8-4x 6 11-3 8x 4= 11,599 V, = 11.599 - 210.14 + 264 + 96 = 11.599 — 210.14 + 360 V, = 161.459 kN V, x $= -11.599 + 25 V, = 2.68 KN V, = Total load (V, + V, + V,) =(4x6+3x8+2x5) ~ (15.01 + 161.459 + 2.68) (24+ 24 + 10)— 179,149 8— 179,149 =-121.149 (CET - 401) Full Marks : 70 Time : 3 hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks. 1. (@) What is a “Deficient Frame” ? Write down the equation. R (b) Find out the force in member BD where ABCD is a square frame subjected to axis pull forces ‘P* along BD. 5 (©) Analyse the continuous beam shown in the Figure (VI) by moment distribution method, 0 Fo 2kNim L0ky 5m 3m 2mx J= Constant 2.(a) How a truss differs from a beam ? b (b) Calculate maximum slope and deflection ing of a cantilever of span 6m subjected to a Poi load of 10 KN at free end and UDL of 10 ky; over half span from fixed end. i Take El constant. (©) Analyes the portal frame shown in the Fig. ( by slope deflection method and draw SFD BMD. t 12kN 3. (a) Write down the equation for deflection at freee of a cantilever beam of span ‘I’ subjected to Point loas ‘W” at free end. p (b) Find out the prop. reactional of a cantilever bes of span 6m subjected to an UDL 10 kN/m? 0\ whole span. The beam is propped at free end: (©) A continuous beam ABC is simply supported Aand C. Spans AB and BC are of lengths I, am! Tespectively. The span AB is loaded with ! uniformly distributed load of magnitude ot! Tun and a concentrated load w acts at the cett of the span BC. Find the support moment st Also draw S.F, and BM. diagrams, If, = 5 = 3m, w= 20 KN and @ = 4kN/m. 4-(@) What do you mean by three hinged arch? 2 (b) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over "™ span. Derive the expression for fixed © moments, 6Symmetrical reactangular portal frame w slope deflection method of horrizontal span subjected to an UDL. 10 kKN/im over whole span and height of 3.5m v 5.2) Write down the relationship between the slope, deflection and radius of curvature, QR (b) Acontinuous beam ABC Support *A’, “B® and *C: The span AB is Sm and BC is 6m. It is subjected to a point load 30 kN at ‘mid span of AB and an UDL 10 kN/m over whole span of BC, The beam. (c) A continuou: is simply supported over ind out the moment at support *B’, of uniform cross-section. ig beam ABC with fixed end at ‘A’ simply supported over support “B’ and ‘C’. The span AB = 6m and BC = 5m, Span AB is subjected toa point load 20 kN at 2m from support ‘A’ and UDL 5 knm over whole span BC. Find out the reactions and moment at supports. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the same. fa 6.(a) Write down the expression for fixed end moment for a fixed beam of span ‘I’ subjected to a point load ‘w’ at distance ‘a’ and ‘b’ from both ends. [2 (b) A three hinged symmetrical arch of span 7m is subjected an UDL of w over whole span. Draw the S.F, and B.M. diagrams for the arch. (5 (©) Derive the expression for maximum slope and maximum deflection in case of a simply supported beam of span 6m subjected to an eccetrically placed point load 30 KN at distance 2m and 4m respectively from supports. Take EI constant.[7 7.(a) Write down the statement of second theorem of moment area method. 2 (b) Write down the assumptions in slope deflection method. 5 (c) Find out the force in members using method of section. a ANSWER TO MODEL - 2 1.(a) What is a “Deficient Frame” ? Write down the equation. Ans, Deficient Frame : A deficient frame is an imperfect frame, in which the number of members are less than (2j ~ 3). Eqn. n < (2j -3) where, 1 = number of members and j= number of joints. (b) Find out the force in member BD where ABCD is a square frame subjected to axis pull forces “P* along BD. Ans, Let P= Pull forcess acting on the body. L = Length of the body. A= Cross-sectional area of the body. = Stress induced in the body. E= Modulus of elasticity for the material of the body. = Strain and 81 = Deformation of the body. We know that the stress, (©) Analyse the continuous beam shown in the Figure (VI) by moment distribution method. £ 2kN/m 10kN 5m 3m SE 2m 1= Constant Ans. 2kN/m 10kN A fn 8 ¢ D Sm 3m e 2m Fixed end moments Mab = WP 25° 12 12 =—4.1kNm‘MBe = meb = 0kNm Med = 10x2=20kNm 2.(a) How a truss differs from a beam ? ‘Ans. Truss : A truss may be defined asa structure made up of several bars, riveted or welded together. ‘Simple truss is the truss in which consists of only one triangular shape. The desing uses vertical members for compression and horizontal members to respond to tension. Beam : A beam is a long thick bar of wood, metal or concrete, especially one used to support the roof of a building in vertically. (b) Calculate maximum slope and deflection in case of a cantilever of span 6m subjected to a point load of 10 KN at free end and UDL of 10 KN/m over half span from fixed end, Take E1 constant. Ans, 10kN 10kN/n. Cc 3m —— o— Given : Load at free end (W)= 10 KN= 10 x 10° N. Length = AB (1) = 6m = 6 « 10? mm, Udl AC (w) = 10 KN/m = 10 Nimm length AC (J,) = 3m =3 * 103 mm. E=200 GPa=200 x 10° Nimm?, I= 100 x 10mm, Slope at the free end : wee eee] { (10%10°)x(6x10° i} 2x (200%10°)(100x10° ( 10(610)? = 0.009 + (0.018 + 1.75) = 1.777 10x[(6x10")-(310°) 7 6(200%10°)(10010°) SAMPLE PI ERS ee Deflection at the free enc (eee 8EI emt) (10)x(6x10°)* '8(200%10°)(100x10*) : [ees }. 1o[ (6x10) -(3x10°)T (6%10)} 6(200%10* )(100x 10°) 6 + 81 — (75.93 + 94500) 17 — (94575.93) = — 94458.93. (©) Analyes the portal frame shown in the Fig. (V) by slope deflection method and draw SED and BMD. 12kNch wertical reaction aty=4, et H be the ho The B.M. at any section of the be Let Ie the horton haus teach support The isonces fomB is given by. * 1 sle 0 the corresponding volue M=6x-4H _oM | of Sa forthe various components are tabulated M=6x~ 4x2=6x-3.6 below. iy atx=0,m=-3.6 kNm. ember am]. at x=2, m=6 x 2-3.6 = 8.4 kNm. Member} M_—_ | <7 | Limits of Integration Similarly for the part CE. as woe atx= 0, frome m=0 & at x=2m from, m= 8.4 ; “HY | -Y Ow4 kNm -Hy |-y 0104 Point of contra fienere in the beam Equating the 6x-4H | -4 on general expression for B.M. to zero, we have 6x-4H | 4 0102 nce the frame is of uniformly fiexural ri ven by the condition. 2 ‘There are thus two points of contraflexure at 0.6m fm ™ yoy from each end, =)" oH 0.6m 0.6m 2 2fHy'dy+2(-4)[[(6x—4H)ax=0 a Hal 6x——-4Hx2]=0 3 2 3 y-2?x6+(2))H=0 - Eu-2%6+0) \ 5 (BMD) 8 3.(a) Write down the equation for deflection at free > 5H-6 +4H=0 end of a cantilever beam of span ‘P’ subjected toa point loas ‘W” at free end. + 20H=18 89 ans. Equation of deflection ty = Ha 29710 3EI BM. Diagram where, W = Point load tion of the column AB, pan of beam The B.M. at any sect Distance y from A is given by- Modulus of elasticity -9 Moment of inertia of the beam. M=7¥ (b) Find out the prop. reactional of a cantilever aty=0,m=0 beam of span 6m subjected to an UDL 10 KN! ona fe ove whole span. The beam is propped at aty=4m= 907 3.6kNm. free end. Similarly for the column pe.euy ERS 10kN/m 6m ————* Given : lenght = 6m, load = 10 KN/m We know that proportion reaction. Bw _3x10%6 _180 99 5 8 8 8 (©) A continuous beam ABC is simply supported at Aand C. Spans AB and BC are of lengths I, and |, respectively. The span AB is loaded with an uniformly distributed load of magnitude o/ unit run and a concentrated load w acts at the centre of the span BC. Find the support moment at B. Also draw S.F. and B.M. diagrams, If |, = 5m. 1, = 3m, w= 20 KN and @ = 4kN/m. Ans. Wiunit run W=20kN ZL Ts ce =M, =0 Rex 8-20*6.5-5*5%25=0 a Rew ROE 1925 gy R, +R, =(5x5)+20=45 5 — 24 = 21KN Shear force f.=-24 kN +20=-4 KN f=-4KN f, =21 KN , . Let a point “E’ at a distance ‘x’ m from the poy A where s.f, change it’s sign. 2x 4 5-x — 105 -21x = 4x 105 =P =4.2m x25 Bending moment M,=M,=0kNm 4x 1.5 = 36 KNm M,=24 «3-20 x 1.5=42kNm 42 Mg =21 4.25% 4.2% = 88.2- 44.1 = 44.1 kNm 4.(a) What do you mean by three hinged arch? Ans, Vector diagram : Diagram showing te magnitude of forces along with direction is called vecw diagram. Polar diagram : Diagram showing magnitudedt forces is called polar diagram. (b) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whok span. Derive the expression for fixed el moments. Ans. wunit length Let _m, = Fixing moment at A and m, = Fixing moment at B.Since the be im, Will also be equal. Now equating the areas of the two diagrams, 2, 9P owe mf=-2 EL wl +5 3°58 12 2 Similarly, m, =-¥" 12 ‘We know that maximum positive bending moment atthe centre of the beam = ¥/* 8 Net positive bending moment at the centre of the beam = EWP _ WP 8 12 24 Shear force diagram Let, R, ‘eaction at A, and. R, = Reaction at B. Equating the clockwise moments and anticlockwise moments about A. Ry xl4m, =m tweet we R, em l Similarly, Ry = ae Deflection of the beam. We know that bending moment at any section X, ata distance x from A, fil) Integrating the equation (ii) once again, et wht_we!_wh, 6 2 Where C, is the second constant of integration. We know that when x = 0, then y= 0. ‘Therefore C, = 0 wik! _ w: Px’ 12 24 (24 We know that the maximum deflection occurs at the centre of the beam. Therefore substituting x = 1/2 in the above equation. Ely= wii) oH 50-80) 12\2. 24\2 24\2 96 384 96 =| -384 wit 384 El wit 384 EL Point of contraflexures, The points of contraflexuures may be found out by equating (i) to zero. Solving this quadratic equation for x,“OB = 0.5 1+ 0.289 1= 0.789 / and 0.211 1. (©) Analyze a symmetrical reactangular portal frame using slope deflection method of horrizontal span Sm subjected to an UDL 10 kN/m over whole span and height of 3.5m. Ans. 10 kN/m 0,=0,=0 AS the portal frame is summertical and loaded symmetrically rotation 8, =-0, and there will be no way, ie 8=0. The fixed moments are 10x55 ———— = -20.83 kN 2 = Mcs = +20.83 KNm The slope deflection equations in terms of unknowness are 2E1 2E16, =——(6+6, -0)=——2 Ma 35 +9) 3.5 Moc gos 5 E10, + 20.83 3 For equilibrium the sum of the moments at joint Bis zero. Myy + Myc = (-20, +, ) 20.83 2 2E10, , 2 = ZEW += E10, - 20.83 =0 e355 5° => 2610, (s5+4)-2088 =0 => 2E10, x 0.48 = 20.83 _ 21.69 oo EL 2EI0, _2EI, 21.69 Mg = ZENO = 2EL 21-69 19 39 ka Ma=35 35° EI " 4E10, _ 2EI, 21.69 “My, = 4EIGa. — ZBL, 24-69 _ 94 78 kN Mos ="35° 3.5 EI ™ 2 Myge = 2810, —20.83 2 21.69 =| =xEL —20.83 = —12.15KN1 ( Hr ) ™ Me == Bp, +2085 =(ZxEt2- 2 ) 2085 3 3 EI = 12.15 kNm 24.78 24.78 | 1239 5.(a) Write down the relationship between the slop® deflection and radius of curvature. Ans. The relation between the slope deflectio" and radius of curvature is M= Elx 2 a(b) A continuous beam ABC Is simply supported over support “A, “1 and “C*, ‘The span AB Is Sm and BC is 6m. 11 is subjected to point load 30 KN at mid span of AB and an UDL 10 KN/m over whole span of BC. moment at support “8 cross-section, Ans. Find out the The heam Is of uniform 30kN bending moment at the mid of the span BC wl} _10x6? _ 10x36 _ 360 8 8 8 8 We find that 5.00 KNm. ax [Goss ei 5 )s 3 (J22sears](25+25) 2 3 = 78.12 + (46.87 * 3.33) = 78.12 + 156.07 = 234.19 0%: =(Fesx6ns) san Now using three moments equation. 6a,x1 4 Oak 4 4 ml, +2m, (1, +/,)+mely = 04214 (546) 40% =| © (67234.19 67540 5 6) 22m, = — Q#LO2 + 540) ~~ 421.02 m, = ~225-82 37.31 22 Shear force diagrar Let Re,» React Ree ke Rel» Reaction at C Taking moments about B. RoR, 75 (3072.5) S73l 75-75 Ry75=- 3731475 R 1475 37.69 9 s3 KN ’ 5 5 Similarly R, 7 6~ (60 7 3)=—37.31 Ri 7 6= 3731 +(60 73) Ry = 231 (60%3) _ a3 ag 6 R,, = 0+ 10 + 6) ~ (7.53 + 23.78) 9-31.31 = 58.69. A continuous beam ABC with fixed end at *A* simply supported over support *B’ and *C*. The span AB = 6m and BC = Sm. S subjected to a point load 20 KN at 2m from support ‘A’ and UDL 5 kn/m over whole span BC. Find out the reactions and moment at supports. Draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for th Ans. same, 20kN SkinSupport moments at A, B and C Let 11, = Support moment at A m, = Support moment at B m,, = Support moment at C Bending moment under the 20 KN load at AB _wab _20x2x4 1, 6 Consider the beam BC as a simply supported beam. Therefore bending moment at the mid of span 6.66 KN.m 5x5? =15.63KNm Geometry of the above bending moment diagram. We find that for the span OA and AB. ayXo =0 axi= ($x26.66x0 24) 2 3 4($2266652)(4+2) 2 3 = [142.19 + (26.66) (4.67)\ 142.19 + 124.50) = 266.69 Similarly for the spans AB and BC. ayn =| ( 4x26.66x4x axe 2 3 +(J<266602)(s +3) 2 3 = 266.69 ag = 5.63512. Now using three moments equation for the spans OA and AB. ae sgl + 2mm, (lo +4 )+ 5h [2S] bo 6x 266. 042m, (0+6)+imy x6 [282 AB and BC. 12m, +6m, Ai) Now using three moments equation for the span 2m, +My, = fax ml +2mg (J, +/)+ Mel = aa m, x6+2m, (6+5)+0=— 26.09 , 613025) 6 5 6m, +22m, = —[266.69 + 156.30] 6m, + 22m, = 422.99 sosee(ii) m, Solving equation (i) and (ii) Equation (i)x3=6m, +3mg = 133.35 Equation (ii)x1= 6m, +22m, =—422.99 © © =19 my = 556.34 556.34 =-29.28 ad Put the value of m, in equation (i) 44.45 2m, + (-29.28) =— 2m, - 29.28 =~ 44.453 2m, =—44.45 + 29.28 '=-15.17 m. Shear force diagram Let R, Ry eaction at B Ro = Reaction at C Taking moment about B =29.28=R, x 5—(25 x 2.5) = 29.28 = SR. ~ 62.5 5 R,=-29.28 + 62.5 = 33.22 Ro= B22 Now taking moment about A ~ 7.58 =R, x 6—(25 * 8.5) — (20x 2)+6.65 x11 ~7:58 = 6R, ~ 212.5 -40 + 73.15 = 6.65 KN.58 +212.5+40-73.15 — 80.73 + 252.50 =171.77 177 Ry = 5 = 28.62 KN R,=20 x 2~ 28.62 = 40 - 28.62 = 11.38 KN. 6.(a) Write down the expression for fixed end moment for a fixed beam of span ‘? subjected toa point load ‘w’ at distance ‘a’ and *b’ from both ends. Ans. The expressions are —Wab? Me —Wa’d My, = rE (b) A three hinged symmetrical arch of span 7m is subjected an UDL of o over whole span. Draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams for the arch. Ans. wfonit length panneenmaarncs Let the rise of the arch = hm. Due to symmetry Vy=Ve= petal load ahewL= 2 =3.50 ‘Taking moment about c, we get LL Lig we O=VyG-Hh-w 9G © ‘At any section distance x from A 2 M=V,x-Hy- 2 2 4hx(L. But in parabolic arch Y=——73— Hh k-— 7 Derive the expression for maximum slope and maximum deflection in case of a simply supported beam of span 6m subjected to an eccetrically placed point load 30 kN at distance 2m and 4m respectively from supports. Take EI constant. Ans. 30 kN 2m +— 4m 6m Given : Span = 6m = 6 * 10° mm. Point load (wt) = 30 KN = 30 x 10°N a=2m=2 10 mm, b= 4x10 mm EI = 26 * 10? N-mm? Slope at A —w_ (7-02) GEIL(30410')-(4-10!) * 6% (20% 10" )(ox 10)” [(6-10)' -(410")'] 12 = x{(36x10" 10° 6%(26%10") x6 [(26x10") (16% ) 12 = 0x10" wwu(26-108)(? sla) 122 = 0.0 36 (260) "0025 rad Slope at B . wa , n= Sa? -*’) _ (30%10") (210°) [(6-40") -(2«10")'] Sepamsiryze’[(06%10")-(4ra04)] 6 Yo * 36x (26n10ry “(02710 ) 6x2 192 = = = 0.00; 36%26%10? 93600 ae ion y,, = N80 ( 92 pr Deflection y¢ = = -(1 a? —b?) (30x10")x(2%10°)(4x10") eG x(26%10")(6x107) * [(6«10")'-(2x107 ~(4x10)] 3x2x4 * Gx(26%10)x6 [(36%10°) -(4%10°) (16199) my 6) - ser(oent0%) [(32«10°) (20x19 i] -——74 ___x(1610°) 36(26x10") 24%160 _ 3840 36x26 936 7.(a) Write down the statement of second theorey of moment area method. = 4,102 mm. ‘Ans. Second theorem of moment area method It states, “ The intercept taken on a vertca fererence line of tangents at any two points on an elas curve is equal to the moment the B.M. diagram betwem these points about the reference line divided by EI” (b) Write down the assumptions in slope deflection method. Ans. Consider a bam AB subjected to a bending moment. As a result of loading, let the beam deflect fron ACB to ADB into a circular arc. as shown in figue below. oor ' R= Radius of curvature of the bent up bel ~ Moment of inertia of the beam sectot E= Modulus of elasticity of beam materi! Y = Deflection of the beam. P= Slope of the beam From the of a circle, we know that AC *CB=ECx CD ful 2*2=QR-y)xy“a 5 EES i) Tear r=Fl M | ‘Now substituting this value of R in equation () Pome yee gxEl SEI From the geome ‘rom the geometry of the figure, we fi slope ofthe beam iat Aor B is also equal to ance nce AGHA Sin i=——=—_ 2R OA Since the angle iis very small, therefore si epee very erefore sin i may (© Find out the force in members using method of section. Lee Taking moments of the forces acting in the left Part of the truss only about the joint C and equating the same, P,, * [sin 60°=R, «1 Rx! __ Ri a= = =1.16R,KNI Tsin 60° ~ Tsin 60° KN (compn) Now taking moments of the forces acting in the left part of the truss only about the joint A and equating the same. L ! Pye tan 60"= Ry x7 —— 4 - 0.57 8, KN( Tension) T tan 60° Taking moments of the force acting in the right part of the truss only about the joint B and equating the same. Pye sin 30° = R, * J _ Ri _R Tsin 30° Mc 2.R,KN(compn) sin 30° Now taking moments of the forces acting in the left part of the truss only about the joint A and equating the same. Pye x Eta 30°= R, x22 4 4 31 Rx 4 Rs_ 1.57 R,KN(Tension). Poo = 37 tan 39° STANHate 9 $ lc) Azabyve the place: frase therm we shore dehiection method and draw BMD. {7 119m 2.(a) When do you prefer method of sections over method of joints in truss analysis ? (2 (b) Find the reaction at the propped of the cantilever shown in the Fig). (5 o/unit run #— 1 —h a (c) Derive an expression for the slope and deflection of # simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load of w/unit length, (7 4. (a) State manent area theres. (b) Shorw thas the bending moment at a three hi carrying uniformly distributed lead ur over the entire span is zero. (c) Using the method of sections, ana shown in figure below regarding members ED, DF and F 15m + | wom 5 tm ° 1m A of 5.(a) What is the value of radius of curvature at the Point of contraflexure of a beam ? 2 (©) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam. 5 (©) Determine the forces in all the members of the truss shown, v7| Cc 3 | \, 3 70 m0 6. (a) What do you mean by a portal frame? [2 (b) State and explain three moment theorem (equation) indicating the meaning of the terms used, What specific modification in the formuls is needed at a fixed and free end ? 5 (©) A three hinged parabolic arch of span 15 m and rise 5 m carries a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m on the right half of the span. Find the position and magnitude of maximum bending ‘moment in the arch. v 7.(a) What is meant by distribution factor in moment distribution method ? R (b) Explain the importance of ow’s notation in the graphical analysis of trusses and distinguish between polar diagram and Maxwell’s diagram [5 (©) Find the expression for slope and deflection of the simply supported beam shown in the Fig. (IV) uv W _ ofunitrun 2 2 ANSWER TO MODEL - 3 1.(a) Distinguish between external and internal indeterminacy of a truss. — és vans, In an externally inderminate structure are rede tant enteral reactions offered by the suPPoms wee nod beam, contincous beam, portal Hane the The fined py enamples of externally indeterminate structure. sisne's ‘he Ta: an internally inderminate structat, reduntants are entirely internal rations, Such strucives may be trusses or rigid frames. (b) Using method of sections, find axial forces in the members marked 1,2 and 3 of the truss shown is the Fig (1). ‘Taking moment about joint *B” ap X Basin 30° eaee 7 le T5a 2.66p Taking moment about joint *C° Px 2a + Py, 2-3a sin30° 50, = 2.3asin 30 Taking moment about ‘Dp > PX 2at Py, 2a sin30"=0 =Px2a 2asin30° =-1.73a (comp) > Poo 2p (comp)(ec) Analyse the lane frame shown in figure using ope deflection method and draw B.M.D. Ans. SKN kN/m - xX 2m— re 2m —$9 El = constant Ahas 4stD Vertical reaction at A & D V,7V, "4.5 KN Since the frame is uniform flexural rigidity H is given by the condition. xj a dx= 0 The B.M. M at any section and the corresponding OM values of =~ for various components of the frame are oH @M | limits of M oe [me as AB ~Hy -y| 00 5 pc -Hy -y| 0s CB | 4.5x-0.5x?-5x-4H | ~4 | 0 to 4 . 2f Hy"dy -4f;(-0. 5x ~0.5x ~4H) dx = 9 # =4| 0.5 -0.5%—-4Hx4 |= {05-4 -05,4 6 = 2H 3 J => 83.33 + 16+ 10.66~ 16H=0 => 67.33 + 26.66 = 0. 226-66 _ 0.42 KN 63.33 B.M Calculation Column AB or DC, M= —~HY=~0.42y. Aty = Sie, at Bor C > M=~0.42 x $=~2 KNm. Beam BC M=~0.5x?-0.5 x - 4H = 0.5x? - 0.5 x - 1.68 ATx=0, ie, at B M =~ 1.68 KNm. sAtx=4, ie. atC M=~0.5 x (4P -(0.5 * 4 )- 1.68 =-8-2-1.68 =~ 11.68 Knm. Point of contraflexure ~0.5x? - 0.5x- 1.68 =0 = X+x4+336=0 2.(a) When do you prefer method of sections over method of joints in truss analysis ? Ans, Section method is particularly convenient when the force in a few members of a frame are required to be foundout. In this method a s/c line is passed through the member or members. in which the forces are required to be foundout.a fee Dad im quuildoum ang the unknown forces are hen detorminad by aquilitrrum ays ie. B= (80H =0. (b) Find the reaction at the propped of the cancitever shown in the Fig.(ID. [unit run A c e— if a ‘Let P = Reation at the end c. Jet us findout the defiection of cantilaor at ¢ due tw load on AB. ~ we Et) SEI 6EI Let us findout the defiection of the cantilever at ¢ duc to the reaction on the prop. we knowthat defiection at the prop. 35 SE ince both the defiections are equal therefore vation (i) & (ii) Pilea) 4-5 (©) Derive an expression for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a uniformly distributed load of wiunit length. Ans, Simply supported beam with a u.d.l. w/unit length Ry Consider a s/c X at a distance x from B. whe wx? oy when x =1/2, % =0 en x wi ow ¥ wi? = 0-2 (Y) (4) Hate te ve dy _ wh? _ wx? _ wi? 7 & 4 6 4 When x=0 Eli, in Integratingwhe! wxt Bye When x=0,y=0,C, =0. 1224 (4 When n=//2 wit Ely, = % = 96 3.(a) What do you mean by elastic curve and the polnt of inflection ? Ans, Elastic curve is the curvature of beam in which the beam should be strong enough to resist bending moment and shear force. (b) Find the fixed end moments for the beam loaded as shown in the Fig, (II). M @ BM a UA EU 1 oe Ans. wow ow c, E. MaAagen FART B\MB t ' ‘3/ewi| 1 3/8wl | t 1 1 1 ! pt a a May ' ' ! !Mb=Ma ‘ = i pg (Fixed B.M, Diagrafn) 1 it ' ' (BM. Diagram) Due to symmetry of loading, the fined moments ‘at A& B are equal ic. M,=M,, Equating the areas of the fined & free bending moment diagrams. MJ=2xbebadwtednhed| Ewts Ml 2 By superimposing the free & fined bending moment diagrams the actual bending moment diagram is obtained. (©) Analyse the prismatic beam shown below using three moment theorem and draw the bending moment diagram. Take El = 36 * 10° kN/ot as constant for the beam. 0m A EB t— 2-2 62mm —$2m—"h BI ee WY FP OS4 LrSince the beam is fixed at A, therefore let us assume a zero span to the left of A. a 4 ra 45-2M, re 8.57 KN. 30x4 “ 7 = qo 30 KNm. La ae 18.21 KNm. a Meo Bc 4.(a) State moment area theorems. i ‘Ans. There are two theorems of moment Area 2 method M,=5x2x 2 = en ‘Theorems - I M,=0KNm. It states, “The change of slope between any two ed points, onan elastic curve is equal to the net Area “ of B.M. dia. between these points divided by EI”. = fl 2).1 2 Theorems - Il ax, = (4x2%30%2%2 }4bx2x30x{242 . ny = [2x 2%30%2 2) aan (2+ 2) It states, “The intercept taken on a vertical reference line of targents at any two points on an clastic curve is equal to the moment the B.M. dia. between these points about the reference line divided by El (b) Show that the bending moment at any section of a three hinged parabolic arch of span / and rise h carrying uniformly distributed load unit run over the entire span is zero. Ans. = 40 +80 =120 6120 6x20 wo 4M, 42M, (48) 4Me4 = -[ noe let the horitontal thrust at each support be H. ‘The B.M. at the crown hinge C is tero. => 4M, + 16M, + 4M, = ~ (180 + 30) 210 => M,+4M,= Hence taking moment about C, of the forces on aM, 525 (i) the left hand side of C, we have = M+4M,=—- ; ‘On solving equation (i) and equation (2) Ml ML piper eenr er! 22 24 M, 44M, = ~52.5 we (-) H=—— Qo oO oh TM, = ~ 127.5 KNm M, = ~ 18.21 KNmwi The horitontal thrust at each support = —— The 8h eq" to the aech with the end A as origin is y= Bx(I-x) Benching moment at any section x having coordinates (x,y) w.rt A as origin is given by (©) Using the method of sections, analyse the truss shown in figure below regarding forces in members ED, DF and FC. Findout reaction ‘Taking moment about A. =M, =9 == 2KN(T > Rig (7) -20KN(t) H,= 10 KN(<) By section method Foe Fo For pix c 104 B v R,=20 } R, =20 ‘Taking moment about A. =M, =0 => RX 1S +F,* 15—F,, cos 45 x 1=0. => 20% 15415 F,,-0.7 Fy, =0. => 30+15F,-07F,=0. Taking moment about F. M, =0 => Fy X 15+20*1.5+10x2=0, Foe = “SS 33.33KN (Compression) Taking moment about D. =M, =0 = F,X15+20* 15-10% 1=0, =30+10 te = [5 =713.33KN(Compression) Putting the value of Fe, in equation (1). => 30+15F,-07*F,,=0. 30+ (1.5% 13.33) = —T 7 = 71.42 KN(Tension) 5.(a) What is the value of radius of curvature at the point of contraflexure of a beam ? F, Ans. The value of radias of curvatare at the point of contraflexure of a beam is zero.(b) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam, Ans. Aqueduct ~ The aqueduct is just like a bridge where a canal is taken over the deck supported by piers instead of a road or railway. Generally, the canal is in the shape of a rectangular trough which is constructed with reinforced cement concrete sometimes, the trough may be of trapezoidal section. An inspection road is provided along the side ofthe trough. The bed and banks of the drainage below the trough is protected by boulderpitching with cement grouting. the section of the trough is designed according to the full supply discharge of the canal. A free board of about 0.50m should be provided. The height and section of piers are designed according to the highest flood level and velocity of flow of the drainage. The piers may be of brick masonry stone masonry or reinforced cement concrete. Here deep foundation (like well foundation) is not necessary for the piers. The concrete foundation may be done by providing the depth of foundation according to the availability of hard soil. Inspectionroad gc Rectangular trough Bank of stream jeduct. (©) Determine the forces in all the members of the truss shown. 2000N 2000 k-— 3-94 3m 1 Findout reaction Taking moment about A =" R,x3=(2*3)+(2*6) 6+12 _18 = === v R=-3-*3 6 KN(7) EV =0 R,+R,=0 R,=-6KN() EH=0 H,=4KN(-) Methods of Joints First of all considered joint C. Joint C Fac 45) =v =0 Fyc sin 45=2 2 , = 2.82 (Tensim| sin 45 (Tensim) ZH =0 Foc + Fy £28 45 = 0 Fe. = ~2.82 * cas 45 = ~2 (compression). Joint B =H =0F,q= 2.82 sin 45. = 1,99 ( Tension), EV =0 F yp + 2.82 cas 45=0 => Fy) =~2.82 cas 45 = ~2 ( compression). Joint E [P= = Fo 3H =0 Fem EV =0 Fy) +6=0 Fp = — 6 KN (compression). Joint A 4 _k 2 Nas EA =0 = 4-F,,sin45-0 4 sin45 6.(a) What do you mean by a portal frame ? Ans, The portal frame is an example for a statically indeterminate structure. This frame can be analysed by strain energy method, moment distribution method, slope defiection method etc. (b) State and explain three moment theorem (equation) indicating the meaning of the terms used. What specific modification in the formuls is needed at a fixed and free end ? ‘Ans. Theorem of three moments: It states, if a beam n supports, the end ones being fined, then the same no. of equations required to determine the support ‘moments may be obteined from the consecetife pairs of spans, i.e. AB-BC, BC-CD,CD-DE & so on consider a ‘continuous beam ABC, fined at A & C © supported at B. Let |, = Span AB of beam Fp = 5.65 KN (Tension) 1, = moment of inertia of the beam in spam AB, LL Corresponding values for the spom Be, M, = Support moment at A. M, = Support moment at B Mc = Support moment at C. If the moment of inortia of the beam is constat then M,l, + 2m, (, + 1) + m, 6a,x, _ 6a,x, {S. (©) A three hinged parabolic arch of span 15 m and rise 5 m carries a uniformly distributed load of 10 kN/m on the right half of the span. Find the position and magnitude of maximum bending moment in the arch. Ans. 19 kNim ae RH = 28.125 Wv,= 1875 KN Wy. Taking moment about A Vex 15 = 107.5 x 11.25 1+ Ve = 56.25 KN. V,= 10x 7.5 ~ 56,25 = 18.75 Taking moment about B of the forces on the left side of B, 25kN => Hx 5=18.75 «7.5 H= 28.125 kN At any section distance x from A or B.by .08 x(15 ~ x) Maximum bending moment in AB Atany section distance x from A, the B.M is given M, = 56.25 * x = 10x2/2 ~ 28.125 * 0.08x(15 ~ x) = 96.25x ~ 5x? — 33.75x + 2.25x? = 22.5x -2.75x? For the condition of maximum bending moment MA 99. 5x-2.75x7 dx => x(22.5 -2.75x) =0 x=8.18 M,,, = 22.5 * 8.18 ~ 2.75 * (8.18? = 0.04 kNm Atany section distance x from C, the B.M is given M,= 18.75x — 28.125 * 0.08x (15—x) 18.75x — 33.75x + 2.25x? = 2.25x?- 15x x(2.25x — 15) For the condition of maximum bending moment aM, ™=0 x= 12.750 J Mg, = 12.75(2.25 12.5 - 15) = 167.34 kN. 7.(a) What is meant by distribution factor in moment distribution method ? ‘Ans. The distribution factor for a member at a joint is the ratio of the stiffness of the member to the total stiffness of all the members meeting at the joint. V, Ve (b) Explain the importance of ow’s notation in the graphical analysis of trusses and distinguish between polar diagram and Maxwell’s diagram, Ans. (Space diagram) (Vector diagram) ‘The construction of a diagram of the given frame toa suitable linear scale, alongwith the loads it carries. The magnitude of support reactions is also found out & shown in the space diagrame. Now name the various ‘members & forces according to Bow’s notation as shown in space diagrame In the spare diagram of the truss ABC shown in fig., the members AB, BC & CA are represeated by SR (or RS), SQ (or QS) Q PS (or SP) respectively similarly, load at c PQ, RP & QR respectively. (©) Find the expression for slope and deflection of the simply supported beam shown in the Fig-(IV) w o/unit run 12 E12W tehunit run x—> A 7 B W2— Wa From the geometry of the fig RA= Rp=% 4% Consider a s/c x at a distance x from B. We know that the B.M. at this section. ; ome e 2 2 2 wow) we? eet. - = -(§ r } 2 "0 Ingegrating the above equation ES -E W g ii for maximum slope, substitating x = 0 in equation iil) Full Marks : 70 a(S =) ELy When x = 0, then y = 0 Substitating these values in eq? (iv) We get C, = 0 wx? whx | wix? wx! wi'x = eee ee 12 16 12 24 24 For maximum defiection, substitating x = |,, we? wh we wit we Fy= 0632 96 384 48 1f-wr, Swi" > YET] ae 384. (CET - 401) Time : 3 hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks. 1. (a) Wha is a redundant Frame ? R (b) A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 150 mm deep is 1.8 mong. Determine the slope when it carries a point load of 20N at its free end. Take E = 210 GPa, ie (©) Draw the Elastic curve and approximate B.M. Diagram (without calculation) of the following Portal Frame. 0 wunit run AQQOAKAM 5 (Not to scale) se Tig. 2 Hinged Base Show alos the position of main reinforcement of the frame.2. (a) Define elastic curve. Write the equation for it.[2 (0) Find out the prop reaction of the propped cantilever subjected to loading system as shown below. (5s Udl of $ Nim 6.5m: (ot to scale) Fig.1 Draw alos the elastic curve of the beam. (©) A simple supported beam having span of 9.0 mere si subjected to two point loads one is 10 KN at distance of 4.5 m from left hand support and other is 12 KN at a distance of 3.5 m from right hand support. Find out the maximum deflection of the beam and show its position. v (Take E = 210 GPa and I= 150 x 10° mm’). 3.(a) Explain Roller support with a diagram. [2 (b) Draw the deflected shape and bending moment (Approximate) diagram of the following portal frame. [5 (Not to scale) Fig.2 m high, 1 m wide at top base retains water to the of the dam is vertical. (¢) A masonary dam 4.90 and 3.65 m wide at the fall beight. The water face Determine the extreme intensities at the pase, Water and masonry weigh 9810 Nim’ and 22600 N/m? respectively. Find also the extreme presgure intensities at the base when the dam is 0 exapty. 4.(a) ‘What is meant by determinate structures ? [2 (b) Explain two conditions for the stability of a Dam Section. Derive the required parametre an case. t (c) A masonry chimney 18 metre high is of circular section, the external and internal diameter of the section being 7 metre and 4 metre respectively. The chimney is subjected to a horizontal wind pressure of 1530 N/m? on projected area. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities at the base. Take weight of masonary as 22 kN/m’.[7 5,(a) Differentiate between space diagram and vector diagram, 2 (b) A rectangular strut is 150 mm and 120 mm thick It carries a load at 80 kN at an eccentricity of 10 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Find maximum and minimum intensities of stress in the section. (5 (©) A 20 metre high masonry chimney having the shape of a frustum of a square pyramid. The side of the square at the bottom is 2.0 mt and that at the top is 1.0 mt. The central flue is 1.0 mt dia at the base. Ifthe total weight of the brickwork above the base is 1300 KN. Find for what uniform wind pressure intensity on one face of the chimney the stress distribution across of the base just ceases to be wholly compressiv 0 List out the various forces acting on a gravity dam. 2 6.(a) (b) A short masonry pillar is 600 mm * 600 mm in section. The pillar carries a point load of 1000 KN acting of the centroidal axis of the section at an eccentricity of 80 mm from the longitudinai axis. Find the maximum and minimum stresses on the section. (5 (c) Calculate the forces in the members of the pin- joited truss shown: below in fig.5 Each unit of the truss is equilateral triangle with side 03 mtr. [7 R x 20kN A ‘ G 40KN #S0KN 7.(a) What are advantaged of section method over joint method ? R (b) sA masonry retaining wall of trapezoidal cross- section is 6 mt high and 1 mt wide at the top retaining soil level with its top. Find the minimum width of the wall in order to avoid tension at the bese of the retaining allSaas Data g'ven : specific weight Masonry = 23 kN/cum. Specific we of soil = 16.5 kN/cum, Back face of the wall is vertical The angle of repose of soil is 30°. (5 (c) Find maximum deflection for the Fig. 6. Draw the SFD and BMD with salient point on it. [7 10kN 0.75 m ANSWER TO MODEL - 4 1, (a) Wha is redundant Frame ? ‘Ans. A redurdant frame is an imperfect frame in which the no. of members are more than 2j ~ 3. ie. n> 2j-3 Here n= no. of members. no. of joints. (b) A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 150 mm deep is 1.8 m long. Determine the slope when it carries a point load of 20N at its free end. Take E = 210 GPa. Ans. Given, width (b) = 120 mm, Depth (d) = 150 mm. Span (/) = 1.8 m= 1.8 x 10’ mm Point load (w) = 20 N E = 210 GPa = 210 * 10° Némm* Slope of free end Slope at free end, 20x(1.8x10°)’ i, ee -———__*_— ‘y= DBT 2x210x10° x33.75%10 wh we 20x(1.8%10°) ae Yo = 3B] ~ 3x 210%10" «33.75%10" = 0.008 mm. (c) Draw the Elastic curve and approximate B.M, Diagram (without calculation) of the following Portal Frame. swiunit run B cc (Not to scale) L Fixed Base “Fig 3 Hinged Base D Show alos the position of main reinforcement of the frame. syfunit run Ans, mm mm D c Due to symmetry there is no way in the frame. Fixed end moments Myon = Map Mea = Myc = 0 Slope-deflection Mp, =0+7El(20, +0,-0) _ 2610, 1 2EI Myy =0+=F(05 +20, -0) (8, =0) _4EI0, 1 Low? | 261 May =—-+ =F (20, +5 -0)261 : Myc =0+==(20, +0, -0) = Eu 1 2E1 ql Mcp = 0+—=(20, +0, -0)= 2 ee Equilibrium equation =M, =0 May u Myy= 0 2 = 4EIO, wi? , 4810, | 210, _ 5 1 2 1 1 SEO, wh : 2E 16, _9 1 2 1 => 96EI0, —wl’ + 24E10, =0 =M,=0 Moa +Moe WE , 2218 , 4E10, , 4EIQ, _ 9 2 1 1 1 => wi? +72EI0, + 48EI6, =0 Now solving equation (1) and (2) (2) 96E10, +24E10, - wl’ =0 2x48EI0, +72E10, + wl =0 3 El0, “0” = 0.025 wP Putting this value in equation (1) 96E10, + 0.6w! — wP =O E10, = 0.004w? +0.016wl +0.05wl 0.083wF + 0.016 wh + 0.05wF 0.01 7WP wn = 0.083wE? + 0.05 wl? + 0.016 we = 0,149 wP Bending moment dia. r Maximum moment = “-kNm ‘Ans. Elastic curve is the curvature of beam in which the beam should be strong enough to resist bending moment and shear force. “The equation is based on the bending moment is M=e1ed dx? (b) Find out the prop reaction of the propped cantilever subjected to loading system as shown below. 65a (Not to scale) Fig.Udl of S Nita Fr u.d. prop reaction. Bwl _3x5x65 8 =12.18N For point load, prop reaction 3w _3x10x10° 2 +. Total reaction = 15000 + 12.18 = 15.012 kN. (©) A simple supported beam having span of 9.0 ‘metre si subjected to two point loads one is 10 kN at distance of 4.5 m from left hand support and other is 12 KN at a distance of 3.5 m from right hand support. Find out the maximum deflection of the beam and show its position. (Take E = 210 GPa and I = 150 x 10° mm‘). =15000N 10KN 12kN Im Cc D 3 9m 10 GPa = 210 x 10° N/mm? 1= 150 x 10° mm. M,=0 R, x 9=(10 x 4.5) + (12 x 5.5)= 111 1 > T1233 KN R,= 10+ 12-1233 =9.77 IN, Using macallay’s method @y : EL Ga 7 10x x(x-4.5)+12x(x-5.5) Integrating 10x? ad. +c, +10 =5x? +0, /+5(x-4.5) +6x(x-5.5 Integrating again 5x? wg (x45) Bly = + ex 46, +15x +6x =-1,66x) +¢,x+0, +/1.66(x—4.5)° +2(x-5.5)° When x = 0, Putting this value in above equation. 0 = 1.66 « (9) + ¢, + 9 + 1.66(9 - 4.5)! +29-5.5) = 1210.14 + 9¢, + 151.26 + 85.75 ¢, = 160.79 ©,=0. Substituting this c, and c, values in quation (2) Ely =-1.66x? +160.79x +!1.66(x —45)’ +2(x-5.5)' Now for deflection under 10 kN load, x = 4.5 m. °. Ely, = ~1.66 x (4.5)' + (160.79 x 4.5) = -151.26 + 723.55 = $72.29 S72.29x10) 210x10" x150x10° 1.8x10%mm Similarly for deflection under the 12 kN load. x=5.5 ++ Elyy =~ 1.66 x (5.5) + 160.79 x 5.5 + 1.66(5.5 ~ 4.5)" = -166.375 + 8840.345 + 1.66 = 719.63 yp = 219.6310 = 219.6310 : 210% 150x107 = 7810 "mm3.(a) Explain Roller support with a diagram, Ans. Roller support is a take vertical load, it can’t resi ipport which can only horizontal load. (b) Draw the deflected shape and bending moment (Approximate) diagram of the fc (appr following portal Lac “TMM euro eae) MT? Fig.2 w > | on. Ans, A D mm mim AL The height of this dia = ~-kNm © ‘A masonary dam 4.90 m high, 1 m wide at top and 3.65 m wide at the base retains water f0 the full height. The water face of the dam Is vertical. Determine the extreme pressure intensities at the base. Water and masonry weigh 9810 N/m and 22600 Nim’ respectively. Find also the extreme pressure intensities at the base when the dam is empty. Ans. Hi A 3.654 (When reservoir is full) (When reservoir is empty) Height of dam (H) = 4.9m. Top width of dam (a) = 1 m. Bottom width of dam (b) = 3.65 m Weight of water (w) = 9.81 KN/m*. t of masonary (p) = 22.6 kN/m’. (i) Maximum and minimum stresses at the base when the reservoir is full wh? _9.81x(4.9)" 2 2 wt of corerete per metre length wt 143.65 P =117.77 KN =22.6r{ )49=25747 KN. Let us findout the position of C.G of dam s/c taking moment about A 142, (44 (soate2225)aie(sonned) [122288 2 2 => 11.39Aj = 2.45 + 12.22 = 14.67 14.67 aja 82 a1 i= T1397 178m 117.77 4: U17 49 075m S747 3 ©. Horizontal distan AK d= Aj + x= 1.28 + 0.75 = 2.02 m. b ph w 0-35 0.20m eccentricity (e) =6x0. ) 422 = 3.65 = 70.53 * 1.32 = 93.71 KN/m?, Minimum stress at the base «. -4(1-8) b ’ 257.47 (1 _ 6x 02) 3.65 3.65 = 70.53 0.68 = 47.96 kN/m*. (ii) Maximum and minimum stresses at the base when the reservoir is empty. e=d-Pa1.28-35-0.545m 2 2 Minus sign indicates that the stress at A will be more than that at B. -. Maximum stress at base (A) -¥(1€) me Bb ( oss) = 1+ 3.65 3.65 = 70.53 « 1.88 = 132.62 KN/m’. Minimum stress at base (B) 8) =25141(_ 2.054) 3.65 = 70.53 x 0.12 = 8.46 KN/m. 4.(a) What is meant by determinate structures ? Ans. A structure is determinant if the no. of unknown forces in members is just sufficient no. of equilibrium conditions. (b) Explain two conditions for the stability of a Dam Section. Derive the required parametre im each case. Ans. Condition for stability of Dam SAMPLE PAPERS es + To avoid tension in the masonary at the base of dam. ; > To safeguard the dam from overturning. > To prevent the sliding of dam. + To prevent the crushing of masonary at the base of the dam. — Condition to avoid tension at the base of dam. + Condition to prevent overturning of the dam Overturning moment = Restoring moment M,=M, h fewxJk pxgawx Jk= pe w3 Balancing moment (M,) = w < JB Safe against overturning. Balancing moment > overturning moment. W* JB> Wx Jk .IB> JK (©) Amasonry chimney 18 metre high is of circular section, the external and internal diameter of the section being 7 metre and 4 metre respectively. The chimney is subjected to 4 horizontal wind pressure of 1530 N/m? on Projected area. Find the maximum and minimum stress intensities at the base. Take weight of masonary as 22 kN/m*. Ans. Direct stress due to wt. of chimney. P, = WH = 18 x 22 = 396 kN/m? Section modulous (z) = (D*~a*) 32DMaximum bending moment due to wind pressure PxDxh? _1.53x7x18" M= 2 =1735kNm Extreme stress due to bending (Pb) M_1735 pe 2 2 306 4.38 KN/m’ <. Maximum stress at the base = P, +P, = 396 - 4.38 = 391.62 KN/m’*, 5.(a) Differentiate between space diagram and vector diagram. Ans. Space diagram — It means the construction of a diagram of the given frame to a suitable linear scale along with the loads, it carries and the magnitude of support reaction is called space diagram. Vector diagram — Diagram showing the magnitude of forces along with direction is called vector diagram. (b) A rectangular strut is 150 mm and 120 mm thick. It carries a load at 80 kN at an eccentricity of 10 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Find maximum and minimum intensities of stress in the section. ‘Ans, Load on the s/c(w) = 80 x 1000N Section Area = A= 150 x 120 mm? Moment due to eccentricity = M = wx € = 80000 x 10 = 800000 Num Section modulus we pa bd? _ 1502120" _ 360000 mm’ 6 6 Ww Stress due to direct load (p,) = “4” ANALY: OF STRUCTURE s Maximum stress = 4.44 + 2.22 = 6.66 N/mn? Minimum stress ~ 4.44 ~ 2.22 = 2.22 N/mm? (©) A 20 metre high masonry chimney having the shape of a frustum of a square pyramid. The side of the square at the bottom is 2.0 mt and that at the top is 1.0 mt. The central flue is 1.0 mt dia at the base. If the total weight of the brickwork above the base is 1300 kN. Find for what uniform wind pressure intensity on one face of the chimney the stress distribution across of the base just ceases to be wholly compressive. ‘Ans, Area of base section =A = 2 2p =3.215M? 4 1300%1000 2 3.215 Projected are exposed to wind = Area of trapezium Stress due to direct load P, = =4x20%(1+2)m =30m? Let the intensity of wind pressure be PN/m?. +. Total wind pressure P = 30 PN This pressure acts at the level of the centroid of the trapezium ie. at a height of 22%" x20 above 241 3 base. Moment due to wind pressure = M = 30P 8.89 Nm = 268.70 PN.m Moment of inertia of base section 1=2.— 52! = 1.334 - 0.049 = 1.2849 m* Stress due to moment 266.7P (3) = IN/ 2667 by? 2849 P. 1.284P9 *( 2 If tension is to be just avoided P, ° => 2687 p - 404355 1.2849 => P= 1948.1 N/m?Corresponding to this condition, max compressive strength base = P, + P, = 2P, = 2 x 404355 = 808710 N/ mm. 6.(a) List out the various forces acting on a gravity dam. Ans. The various forces acting on a gravity dam Self pressure on the dam Wind pressure Uplift pressure Seismic pressure Silt pressure Wave pressure Ice pressure (®) A short masonry pillar is 600 mm x 600 mm in section. The pillar carries a point load of 1000 KN acting of the centroidal axis of the section at an eccentricity of 80 mm from the longitudinal axis. Find the maximum and minimum stresses on the section, Ans. Load on the section = W = 1000 x 1000N Section area = A= 600 = 600 mm. Moment due to eccentricity = M = 1000000 x 80 Nmm Section modulus dba? 6 4 600% 600" =36x10°mm* Stress due to direct load 1000%1000 on? 600x600 = 2.78 Nim? M Stress due to moment P, = +—~ 4 00011000580 9 99 nn? 36%10' .. Maximum stress = 2.78 + 2.22 = 5 N/mm? Minimum stress = 2.78 — 2.22 = 0.5 Nimm’. (©) Calculate the forces in the members of the pin- joited truss shown below in fig.5 Each unit of ‘the truss is equilateral triangle with side 03 mtr. -20KN D E iC 40kN + 50KN Ans, Vv, 40kN SOKN V, Let the reaction at G be V, Length of each memebr = 3M Height of truss = 3sin 60°= 3x For the equillibrium of the truss about the end A V, x9 =40 3 +50 6+20% 2.6 = V,= 52.44 Total vertical external load vertical reaction at A V, = 90 - 52.44 = 37.56 Horizontal reaction at A, H, = 30 KN. Joint A 2.6M P, 60" 3 P, 37.56 Resolving vertically P,,sin60° = 37.56 = P,, = 43.37 (compressive) Resolving horizontally 30+P,, cos 60°= P., 1 = Py =30-43, 3Ix5 =8.32 KN(Tensile) Joint ‘BYResolving vertically P,,cos 30° = P.jcos30° = Phd = Pab = 43.37 (Tensile) Resolving horizontally P,sin30° + P.sin30°= P = P= 43.37 N (compressive) Resolving vertically P,sin60° + P, sin 60° = 40 2.44KN (Tensile) Resolving horizontally Py + Py, cos 60° =P, +P, cos 60° = P,, = 28.785 KN (Tensile) Joint ‘C’ Ps 5 P. or Yor PB P. Resolving vertically P_sin 60° + P,, sin 60° = 0 Resolving horizontally, P,q008 60°= Po, + Pey~ P,, C08 60° => P,,=-40.93 2. P.g= 40.93 KN (comprressive) Joint E (248) Pe Px 8.785) 30 Resolving Vertically P, sin 60° + 50 = P,sin 60° => P= 60.17 (Tensile) Resolving horizontally P.,cos 60° + P,, cos 60°- Py, => P= 2.52 KN (Tensile) Joint F p09) oo Jerr P. (60.17) Resolving Vertically P,, sin 60° + P, sin 60° = 0 = P,, = -60.17 kN (Compressive) 7.(a) What are advantaged of section method over joint method ? ‘Ans, Section method is particularly convenient. ‘When the force in a few members of a frame are required to be foundout. In this method, a s/c line is passed through the member or members, in which the forces are required to be foundout. (b) sA masonry retaining wall of trapezoidal cross- section is 6 mt high and 1 mt wide at the top retaining soil level with its top. Find the minimum width of the wall in order to avoid tension at the bese of the retaining all. Data given : specific weight Masonry = 23 kN/cum. Specific we of soil = 16.5 kN/cum Back face of the wall is vertical The angle of repose of soil is 30°. ‘Ans, Let the minimum width of the wall at bottom beb. Consider one meter run of wall a+b Weight of wall = W= w, ——h (b+1) 2 =23x x6=69(b+1)KN Distance of the line of action W from the vertical face of wall.SITIES Sey _y_atabtb? 1+b+b? 3(a+b) 3(b+1) 1-sino) 4. pa wh? (1-sind) Lateral thrust of soil 2D (ising) 16.56? = en) 99kN Acting at G, = 2 m above bass h P bi+b+l 6 99 3(b+1) © 3° 69(b+1) If tension at the base is just avoided oZex+s p+b+l 2x99 =24 3(b+1) © 69(b+1) = b'+b+1+8.61=2b6 +1) = 0? +b+9.61 = 2b? +2b =b+b=9.61 => b+b+0.25 = 9.61 + 0.25 => b=2.64M. (c) Find maximum deflection for the Fig. 6. Draw the SFD and BMD with salient point on it. 10 kN 0.75 m 1s A ‘Ans. 10kN ag 15M + 075m iit: Let the prop reaction be,. Since the deflection at B is zero. Downward deflection of B due to load 10 kn = Upward deflection of B due to R. 10x1.5° 10x1.5? R(1.5+0.757 se" oer SE => 11.25 + 8.44 =R(3.80) => R=5.18KN « Reaction at A, V, = 10 - 5.18 = 4.82 kN. S.F. diagram SF at any section between A and C = + 4.82 i) SF at any section between C and B = -5.18 kN BM diagram BMatB=0 BM at C=+5,18 * 0.75 = 3.885 KN BM at A=+5,18 2.25 — 101.5 = -3.345 KN. There will be a point of contraflexure between and C. Let BM be zero at distance x from B Equating the BM to zero 5.18 x = 10(x-0.75)=0 => -4.82x+7.5=0 => x= 156M 10kN 1.5m 0.75m R=5.18kN t. 4.82KN 10kN_ got Iv, 4.82kN R=5.18kN B 5.18[Code : CET - 401] Full Marks : 70 Time : 3 Hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks. 1.(a) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam. R (b) State different end conditions of column and write down the relation between equivalent length and actual length in each case. 6 (©) By using method of section, find out the axial forces along member 1, 2, and 3 as shown in the fig. 0 2.(a) State slope deflection equation for a member.[2 (b) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to a point load of 20 KN and 15 KN ata distance of 2 mand 4m from A. Calculate the fixing moments at Aand B. 6 (©) Find maximum slope and deflection for a simply supported beam with a UDL over the span by double Integration method. v7 3.(a) What is a "Deficient Frame! ? Write down the equation. B (b) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whole span. Derive the expression for fixed end moments. (5s (©) Find forces in all the members of the girder by method of joint only. 7 4,(a) Write down the equation for the maximum deflection of a simple supported beam of span‘? with a central point load (W). R (b) Derive the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam with a point load at its free end by double integration method, is (©) A continuous beam ABCD is simply supported over three spans, such that AB = 6 m, BC = 8 m and CD =5 m. It carries UDL of 4 KN/m in span AB, 3 KN/m in span BC and 2 KN/m in span CD. Find the supported moments B and C and draw the S.F. and B.M. diagrams, 0 (©) Draw B.M.D. and S.F.D. for the regular purtal frame as shown in the fig. El-constant for all by moment distribution method v7 2kN/m 6m 4m D Cc 5.(a) Write down the expression for three moment equation with usual meaning. 2(b) Calculate the maximum slope and deflection in case of a simply supported beam of span 6 m subjected to a point load 10 KN at the middle of the span. E1 constant 5 (©) A horizontal steel girder having uniform C/S is simply supported at its end, carries the load as shown in fig. Calculate the deflection of the beam under the load by Macaulay's. Take E = 200 GPa and I = 160 = 10° mm‘. v 12kN 8kN 3. 65 45m 4g = B 14m 6.(a) Write down the statement of second theorem of moment area method. B (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m and rise 10 m is carrying a UDL as shown in the Fig. Find the horizontal thrust at the springings. [5 — (©) Find out the prop. reaction of a contilever beam ‘of span 6 m subjected to an UDL 10 KN/m over whole span. The beam-propped at free end : (7 10 KN/m. ‘40m 4 B }——-_ 6m 7. (a) State the stiffness factor for a beam fixed at one tend and freely supported at the other. 2 (b) Find out moment at supports and draw the Bending Moment diagram of the beam shown in the figure. 5 ww Whoitron 7 c tet a eee ees SAMPLE PAPERS} ss Full Marks : 70 [Code : CET - 401] Time : 3 Hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks L@) (b) © 2a) (b) © 3.(a) (b) Write down the statement of second theorem of ‘moment area method R A simply supported beam of span 6 metres is subjected to a point load of 40 kN at the centre Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method. Take EI = 10 » 10" N-mm*. is A continuous beam ABC with fixed end at ‘A’ simply supported over support “B" and ‘C’. The span AB = 6 m and BC = 5 m. Span AB is subjected to a point load 20 KN at 2 m from support ‘A’ and UDL 5 kN/m over whole span BC. Find out the reactions and moment at supports by using moment distribution mehod. 7 What is a ‘Deficient Frame’? Write down the equation. R Find out the propped reaction of a cantilever beam of span 3 m subjected to an UDL 15 kN/m over whole span. The beam is propped at free end.[5 Find out the force in members using method of section 0 1okN BA Me 3m What do you mean by three hinged arch? [2 Show that the bending moment at any section of a three hinged parabolic arch of span / and rise + carrying UDL entire span is 2ere. 6(e) A three hinged arch of span 10 m and rise 4 m carries a UDL of 100 kN/m on the right half of the span. Find the position and magnitude of maximum bending moment in the arch. {7 4.(a) Write down the relationship between the slope, deflection and radius of curvature. 5 R (b) State and expl: three moment (equa quation) indicating the meaning of the terms used. What specific modification in the formula is needed at a fixed and free end ? 5 (c) A continuous beam is simply supported over two ‘spans, such that AB = 4 m and BC = 6 m. It carries UDL of 4 kN/m over span BC and a point load of 6 KN at the centre of span AB. Determine the support moment over B by applying theorem of three moments 0 5.(a) Write down the equation of deflection at free end of a cantilever beam of span ‘!’ subjected to a point load *w" at free end. pe (b) A fixed beam AB of span 2.5 mis subjected to a point load of 20 kN at mid span. Draw the bending moment diagram. is (©) A fixed beam is subjected to an UDL over whole span. Derive the expression for fixed end moments. 0 6.(a) What do you mean by a portal frame? [2 (b) A steel rod 5 m long and 40 mm diameter is used as a column, with one end fixed and dther free Determine the Crippling load by Euler’s formula. Take E as 200 GPa. 5 (©) Analyse the plane frame shown in figure using slope deflection method and draw BMD. [7 20KN 2kN/m B ic Im—f-2m . $m ; of 7.(a) Give an example where slope is maximum and deflection is zero. (2 (b) Write down the assumption in slope deflection method. (5 (c) Calculate maximum slope and deflection in case of a cantilever of span 6 m subjected to a point load of 10 KN at free end and UDI. of 15 KN/m over half span from fixed end. Take £1 constant 7 [Code : CET - 401] Full Marks : 70 Time : 3 Hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks 1.(a) State slope deflection equation for a member. 2 (b) State different end conditions of column and write down the relation between equivalent length and actual length in each case, (5 (c) Find out the reaction at A and B and draw the bending moment diagram for the parabolic arch as shown in figure 7 2.(a) What is a deficient frame? RQ (b) Find the forces in various member of the truss as shown in figure and tabulate the results. {5 Cc B D A" k——3m 60" 4 (©) Derive an expression for slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a central point load. 03.(a) Mention two advantages of fixed beam over simply supported beam. R (b) Find the reaction at the propped end of the cantilever as shown in figure. 6 (o) Find out forces in all the members with their nature as tensile or compressive as shown in figure below. (7 2KN 4kN 6m 4.(a) State the difference between a perfect frame and in imperfect frame. R (©) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to two point load of 20 kN and 36 kN at a distance of 2 mand 4m from A. Calculate fixing moment at A and B. 5 (©) A continuous beam ABC 10 metre long rests on three support A, B and C at the same level and is loaded as shown in figure. 3 KN 1kNim “rete Determine the moments over the beam and draw the bending moment diagram. Also calculate the eactions at the support and draw shear force diagram using theorem of three moment. [7 $.(@) Explain theorem of three moment, R (b) A cantilever beam 2 m long is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 5 kIN/m over its entire length. Find out the slope and deflection of the cantilever beam at its free end. Take El = 2.5 10? Nim, ia (©) Calculate the deflection of the simply supported beam under the loads as shown in figure. Take E= 200 GPa and1= 160 10mm‘, [7 12kN 8kN k3m 65 45s—l A 7 4m 6.(a) When do you prefer method of sections over method of joint in truss analysis ? R (b) Derive expression for slope and deflection of a cantilever carrying point load at its free end using ‘moment area method. ig (c) Analyse the portal frame shown in figure using ‘moment distribution method and draw the bending moment diagram. 0 7.(a) Incase of a column whose both ends are hinged, what will be its equivalent length. (2 (b) A three hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m and rise 10 mis carrying a uniformly distributed load as shown in figure. Find the horizontal thrust at the support. 5 £30kN/m (©) Draw the bending moment and shear force diagram of the beam shown in figure and find out what are the reactions at the support ? 0 12kN 3m a 6m 6m io[Code : CET - 401] Full Marks : 70 Time : 3 Hours Answer any five questions. Figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks. 1.(a) Define statically determi i Define statically determinate and statically (b) A cantilever beam of 3 m long carries a point load of 40 KN at its free end. Find the slope and deflection of the cantilever under the load. Take flexural rigidity for the cantilever beam as 25 10" N-mm*, [s (c) The girder is loaded at ‘B’ and *C” as shown in the (Fig-1). Find the forces in all members of the girder and indicate the nature of forces. [7 6kN 4kN . tc Fig. 1 2.(a) Explain how method of joint differs over the method of section in plane truss. R (b) Derive the slope and deflection of simply supported beam with a central point load “W" with span length ‘L’ by double integration method.[5 (© By using method of section, find out the axial forces along member 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the (Fig-5). 7 ee 3.(a) Define a portal frame with an example. (2 (b) A fixed beam AB of span 6 m is subjected to a UDL of 2 kN/m. Determine the SF and BM and draw its diagram. (s (©) Acontinuous beam ABC 10m long rests on three supports A, Band C at the same level andis loaded as shown in (Fig.-2). 0 4KN 2kNim A D B 2m: 4m 4m Fig.2 Calculate the bending moment and reactions, the draw the bending moment and shear force diagram. 4.(@) State and explain the theorem of three moment. 2 (b) A three-hinged parabolic arch of span 40 m. and rise 10 mis carrying a UDL as shown in the (Fig- 3), Find the horizontal thrust at the springings.[5 30kN/m Fig.3 (©) A rectangular portal frame of uniform flexural rigidity EI, carries a UDL of 20 kN/m as shown: in (Fig-4). Draw the bending moment diagram and sketch the deflected curve. If L = 4 mand El, = Elyc= Elen ld 20kN/m B c Fig. 4SNESRBI 5 eee 5. (a) State the stiffness factor for a beam fixed at one end and freely supported at the other. 2 (b) A continuous beam is simply supported over two spans, such that AB = 8 mand BC = 6 m. Itcarries uniformly distributed load of 3 KN/m over span BC and a point load of 10 kN at the centre of span AB. Determine the support moment over ‘B” by applying theorem of three moment. [5 (©) A continuous beam ABCD is simply supported over three spans, such that AB = 6 m. BC = 8 m and CD = 5 m It carries UDL of 4 KN/m in span AB, 3 kN/m in span BC and 2 KN/m in span CD. Find the suport moments B and C and draw the SF and BM diagrams. 0 6.(a) State the slope and deflection equation for a member by (i) Moment area method (ii) Double integration method. R SAMPLE PAPERS (b) A simply supported beam of span 8 meters ig subjected to a point load of 60 KN at the centre Determine the maximum deflection at the centre by using moment area method. Take EI of the beam section as 10 x 10? N-mm?. [5 (c) Derive an expression for the slope and deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a UDL of w/unit length. 0 7.(a) Define about the propped cantilever beam ? [2 (b) A cantilever beam 120 mm wide and 160 mm deep is 2 m long. Determine the slope and deflection at the free end of the beam. When it carries a point load of 30 KN at its free end. Take E for the cantilever beam as 200 GPa. [5 Derive the slope and deflection of a cantilever beam with a point load at its free end by double integration method. 0 )