Rules of Inference
Elementary Valid Argument p.q
Forms 8. Material Equivalence
1. Modus Ponens
p⊃q 9. Addition
p p
q p˅q
2. Modus Tollens 9. Exportation
Replacement Rules
p⊃q
1. De Morgan’s Theorem
~q
~p
10. Tautology
3. Hypothetical Syllogism
p⊃q
2. Commutation
q⊃r
p⊃r
4. Disjunctive Syllogism
p˅q
3. Association
~p
q
5. Constructive Dilemma
(p ⊃ q) . (r ⊃ s) 4. Distribution
p˅r
q˅s
6. Absorption
p⊃q 5. Double Negation
p ⊃ (p . q)
7. Simplification
6. Transposition
p.q
P
8. Conjunction
7. Material Implication
p
q
Rules of Inference