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Parker O-Ring Handbook

Section III – O-Ring Applications

3.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3.9.14 Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
3.9.15 Energy, Oil and Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
3.1 Factors Applying to All O-Ring Types. . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

O-Ring Applications
3.9.16 Fungus-Resistant Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
3.1.1 Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.9.17 Hydraulic Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
3.1.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.9.17.1 Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids . . . . . . 3-15
3.1.3 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.9.17.1.1 HFA Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
3.1.4 Extrusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
3.9.17.2 Concentrates Containing
3.1.5 Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Mineral Oils (Oil-in-Water-Solutions) . . . . . 3-17
3.1.5.1 Parker O-Lube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.9.17.3 Micro-Emulsions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.1.5.2 Parker Super O-Lube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
3.9.17.4 Synthetic HFA
3.1.5.3 PTFE Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Concentrates (Solutions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.1.5.4 Other Friction Reduction Methods. . . . . . 3-5
3.9.17.5 HFC Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.1.5.5 Internal Lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3.9.17.6 HFD Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.1.6 Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.1.6.1 Extraction Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.10 Temperature Extremes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.1.6.2 O-Ring Sizing Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.10.1 High Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
3.1.6.3 O-Ring Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.10.2 Low Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
3.2 Cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.11 Vacuum Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
3.11.1 Vacuum Weight Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
3.3 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.11.2 Vacuum Seal Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
3.4 Selecting the Best Cross-Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.11.3 Vacuum Leak Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.5 Stretch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3.12 Gases-Permeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
3.6 Squeeze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.12.1 Leak Rate Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

3.7 Gland Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.13 Gases-High Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

3.8 O-Ring Compression Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.14 Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

3.14.1 Plastic Contact Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
3.9 Specific Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.14.2 Silicone Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
3.9.1 Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.14.3 Underwriters’ Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
3.9.2 Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.14.4 Water and Steam Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
3.9.3 Brake System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
3.9.4 Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10 3.15 Semiconductor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3.9.5 Fuels for Automobile Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.16 inPHorm Seal Design and
3.9.6 Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 Material Selection Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3.9.7 Cooling & Heating Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 3.17 Drive Belts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3.9.8 Air Conditioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3.17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3.9.9 Power Steering Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12 3.17.2 Drive Belt Compound Selection . . . . . . . . . 3-24
3.9.10 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning . . . . . . . 3-12 3.17.3 Available Drive Belt Compounds . . . . . . . . 3-24
3.9.11 Food, Beverage and Potable Water. . . . . . . . 3-12
3.18 Applications Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
3.9.12 Aerospace Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
3.9.12.1 Jet Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
3.9.12.2 Liquid Rocket Propellants . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
3.9.13 Nuclear Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-1

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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Parker O-Ring Handbook

O-Ring Applications
3.0 Introduction When two or more compounds are suitable for a given
O-Ring Applications

In designing an O-ring seal, it is best to determine the O-ring application, price and stock availability may become deter-
compound first, as the selected compound may have significant mining factors. Current piece-price and in-stock availability
influence on gland design parameters. can be obtained from your nearest Authorized Parker O-Ring
Distributor.
Essentially, the application determines the rubber compound;
the primary factor being the fluid to be sealed. The elasto- Following this introduction are discussions on a number of
mer however, must also resist extrusion when exposed to special applications that require additional attention. It is
the maximum anticipated system pressure and be capable recommended that the designer consult the applications listed
of maintaining good physical properties through the full and read carefully any of those paragraphs which apply to
temperature range expected. In dynamic applications, the his application.
selected material must also have the toughness and abrasion
resistance so important in reciprocating and rotary seals. 3.1 Factors Applying to All O-Ring Types
The Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section VII suggest For the majority of standard applications, the design of
potential Parker Compounds for over two thousand different the O-ring seal has generally already been accomplished.
gases, fluids and solids. Normally, the “Recommended Parker The necessary data for gland dimensions are simply se-
O-Ring Compound” indicated in the tables should be the one lected from the tables in the sections on Static and Dy-
specified for initial testing and evaluation. namic O-Ring Sealing, Sections IV and V, respectively. The
value of making a detailed comparison between previously
In some instances, where there are two or more fluids to be satisfactory installations and a new one cannot be over-empha-
sealed, it may be necessary to compromise on a seal material sized. Such comparison should disclose any weak points where
having the best overall resistance to all the fluids involved. modification may be desireable or required, thus simplifying
Whenever possible this should be a compound rated “1” for the process and facilitating the design effort.
all the fluids under consideration. For a static seal application,
a “2” rating is usually acceptable, but it should, in all cases, The following paragraphs discuss the more important
be tested. Where a “2” rated compound must be used, do not design factors that generally apply to all O-ring seals. Data
expect to re-use it after disassembly. It may have degraded and procedures enabling the designer to depart from the
enough that it cannot safely be reinstalled. standard designs in order to meet peculiar requirements, or
to obtain improved performance from the seal will also be
When a compound rated “3” is selected, be certain it is first found in this section.
thoroughly tested under the full range of anticipated operating
conditions. Some of these 3-rated compounds may prove to Specific design and dimensional data applicable to static seals
be satisfactory as static seals, but many will not. is provided in the Static O-Ring Sealing Section (IV), and
information on dynamic seals is contained in the Dynamic
Note the operating temperature range of the chosen compound. O-Ring Sealing Section (V).
The temperatures shown in Table 7-1 are general temperature
ranges, but the presence of a particular fluid may modify the
published limits. Remember, only appropriate testing can 3.1.1 Compatibility
safely determine an acceptable O-ring seal material. Compatibility between the O-ring and the fluid or fluids to be
sealed must be the first consideration in the design process.
If a compound designated “Static only” is the only compound
If the fluid will have an immediate adverse effect (chemical
recommended for the fluids, and the application is dynamic,
reaction resulting in surface destruction, loss of strength,
the compound may nevertheless be suitable in some unique
degradation, or other marked change in physical properties)
situations. Bear in mind that “Static only” compounds are not
resulting in shortened seal life, there is little advantage to be
as tough and abrasion resistant as other materials, and would
gained by proceeding further with the design until this basic
normally wear more rapidly in a dynamic environment.
problem is resolved.
If the anticipated seal motion is infrequent, or if the seal can
If more than one fluid is involved, both the sequence of expo-
be replaced often, a “Static only” compound will probably
sure and time of contact with the O-ring need be considered.
be satisfactory.
If compatibility cannot be determined from specific data in
If, for some reason a compound of different shore hardness this section or the Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section
from the one suggested in the Fluid Compatibility Table is VII, refer the problem to your Parker Field Engineer, Parker
needed, compounds of other hardnesses in the same polymer O-Ring Distributor or contact the Application Engineering
are available. Contact the O-Ring Division. Department of the Parker O-Ring Division at (859) 269-2351.

3-2 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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Parker O-Ring Handbook

3.1.2 Temperature 3.1.4 Extrusion

Operating temperature, or more properly, the range of sys- Extrusion of O-rings may also be prevented by the use of
tem temperature, may require some minor modification of anti-extrusion (back-up) devices. These are thin rings of much
the gland design. Gland dimensions given in the static and harder material fitted into the gland between the seal and the
dynamic seal design sections are calculated for the tempera- clearance gaps, which essentially provide zero clearance.
ture ranges listed for standard compounds. If the operation They are available in hard elastomer compounds, leather,

O-Ring Applications
is only to be at a high temperature, gland volume may need PTFE, Nylon and other similar materials. Parker Parbaks®
to be increased to compensate for thermal expansion of the are elastomer back-up rings and are generally recommended
O-ring. Conversely, for operation only at low temperature, a based on their proven functional superiority. The exact point
better seal may result by reducing the gland depth, thereby at which it becomes necessary to use anti-extrusion devices
obtaining the proper squeeze on the contracted O-ring. will depend on the pressure, type of elastomer being used, its
Table 2-4, which lists the approximate rate of linear thermal Shore hardness, the size of the clearance gap, and the degree
expansion for typical elastomers and other materials, may of “breathing” of the metal parts which will be encountered.
be utilized to calculate compensated gland dimensions. For Figure 3-2 may be used as a guide in determining whether
either high or low temperature seal designs, however, there or not anti-extrusion rings should be used. When using the
must normally be sufficient squeeze to prevent leakage at data, include in the diametral clearance any “breathing,” or
room temperature. Figure 3-1 illustrates another possible type expansion of the cylinder bore that may be anticipated due
of design to improve low temperature sealing capability by to pressure. Although based on data obtained from O-rings,
spring loading the O-ring. the ninety durometer curve can also be used as a guide to
back-up ring performance. The Parbak Back-Up Rings Sec-
Such special designs for high and low temperature environ- tion (VI), describes in greater detail Parker Parbak back-up
ments are seldom required. The minimum squeeze values rings, and provides size and part number data. Also see “Pat-
for the various O-ring cross-section diameters given in the terns of O-Ring Failure” in Section IX for more information
design charts of the static and dynamic seal design sections on extrusion.
are generally satisfactory.

Limits for Extrusion

690.0 10,000
552.0 8,000
414.0 6,000
276.0 4,000
Garter O-Ring
207.0 3,000
Spring
138.0 2,000
Fluid Pressure (Bar)

Fluid Pressure (psi )

Extrusion
69.0 1,000
Soft Metal Wedge 55.2 800
41.4 600
No Extrusion
Figure 3-1: Spring-Loading for Low Temperature 27.6 400
70 80 90
20.7 Hardness 300
Shore A

13.8 200
3.1.3 Pressure
Pressure has a bearing on O-ring seal design as it can af-
fect the choice of compound shore hardness. At very low 6.9 100
mm 0 .3 .5 .8 1.0
pressures, proper sealing may be more easily obtained with In. 0 .010 .020 .030 .040
lower durometer hardness (50-60 shore A). With higher
pressures, the combination of pressure and material shore Total Diametral Clearance*
(Radial Clearance if Concentricity Between
hardness determine the maximum clearance that may safely Piston and Cylinder is Rigidly Maintained)
be tolerated (see Figure 3-2). Cyclic fluctuation of pressure *Reduce the clearance shown by 60% when
can cause local extrusion of the O-ring resulting in “nib- using silicone or fluorosilicone elastomers.
bling” (see Section X, Failure Modes), particularly if peak Basis for Curves
system pressures are high enough to cause expansion of the 1. 100,000 pressure cycles at the rate of 60 per minute from zero
cylinder wall. One remedy may be to stiffen the cylinder to to the indicated pressure.
2. Maximum temperature (i.e. test temperature) 71°C (160°F).
limit the expansion so that the bore to piston clearance does 3. No back-up rings.
not exceed a safe value. 4. Total diametral clearance must include cylinder expansion due
to pressure.
5. Apply a reasonable safety factor in practical applications to allow
for excessively sharp edges and other imperfections and for
higher temperatures.

Figure 3-2: Limits for extrusion

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-3

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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Parker O-Ring Handbook

3.1.5 Lubrication Parker O-Ring Lubricants

Lubrication of O-ring seals is extremely important for installa- O-Lube Super-O-Lube
tion and operation of dynamic seals as well as proper seating Part Number Description Part Number Description
of static seals. The general rule for use of lubrication is: The OLUBE 2 gr. tube SLUBE 2 gr. tube
greatest benefit in using a lubricant is obtained during 884-2GRAMS 884-Grams
the initial installation of the O-ring. OLUBE .25OZ ¼ oz. tube SLUBE .25OZ ¼ oz. tube
O-Ring Applications

Lubricants are commonly used on O-rings and other elasto- OLUBE 884-.50 ½ oz. tube SLUBE 884-.5 ½ oz. tube
meric seals. Using a suitable grease or oil during assembly OLUBE 884-4 4 oz. tube SLUBE 884-2 2 oz. tube
helps protect the O-ring from damage by abrasion, pinching, OLUBE 884-35 35 lb. pail SLUBE 884-8 8 lb. can
or cutting. It also helps to seat the O-ring properly, speeds OLUBE 884-400 400 lb. drum SLUBE 884-40 40 lb pail
up assembly operations, and makes automated assembly line Note: MSDS are available at www.parkerorings.com
procedures possible. An additional benefit is the protection Table 3-2: O-Ring Lubricants
that the lubricant provides as a surface film. Proper lubrica-
tion also helps protect some polymers from degradation by 3.1.5.1 Parker O-Lube
atmospheric elements such as ozone and its presence helps
Parker O-Lube is an outstanding general-purpose grease
extend the service life of any O-ring. A lubricant is almost
intended for use with O-ring and other seals in hydrocarbon
essential in pneumatic applications requiring dynamic service.
service. It can also be used in pneumatic service. The useful
In vacuum applications, appropriate lubricants help reduce
temperature is from -29°C to 82°C (-20°F to 180°F).
the overall leak rate by filling the microfine inclusions of
the gland’s metal surfaces and lowering permeation rates of
the elastomer. 3.1.5.2 Parker Super-O-Lube
Parker Seal offers two lubricants that will satisfy most service Parker Super-O-Lube is an all-purpose O-ring lubricant. It
needs: Parker O-Lube and Parker Super-O-Lube. These two is not a grease, but rather a high-viscosity silicone oil. It is
lubricants are described in the following paragraphs. Table especially useful as a seal lubricant. The temperature range
3-1 lists their key properties along with others used in specific is -54°C to 204°C (-65°F to 400°F).
types of services. Table 3-2 provides part number information Parker Super-O-Lube can be used as an assembly lubricant
for O-Lube and Super O-Lube. on all rubber polymers, including silicones. (Note: Silicones
require special consideration.) In addition, Parker Super-

Lubricants
Type of Elastomer Type of Service Best Manufacturer Temp Range °F
O-Lube Parker -20 to 180
Hydraulic Oils & Fuels Petrolatum Many -20 to 180
Extreme Service Barium Grease Many -20 to 300
NBR, Nitrile
Pneumatic Super O-Lube Parker -65 to 400
Vacuum DC-55 Dow Corning Co. -65 to 275
Celvacene Consolidated Vacuum Corp. -40 to 200
O-Lube Parker -20 to 180
Hydraulic Oils & Freon®
CR, Neoprene Petrolatum Many -20 to 180
Vacuum
Celvacene Consolidated Vacuum Corp, -40 to 200
MCS-352 Aviation Fluid Service Co. -65 to 300
Skydrol®
EPDM Super O-Lube Parker -65 to 400
Steam & Hot Water
DC4, DC-7, DC55 Dow Corning Co. +32 to 350
General Petrolatum Many -20 to 300
Silicone
High Temperature FS1292 Dow Corning Co. -20 to 400
Mil P 37649 Many -20 to 180
Oil or Fuel Petrolatum Many -65 to 350
Fluorosilicone
High Temperature Super O-Lube Parker -65 to 400
DC 4 or DC-7 Dow Corning Co. +32 to 350
Petrolatum Many -20 to 180
Hydraulic
Fluorocarbon Super O-Lube Parker -65 to 400
Vacuum & High Temperature
DC-55 Dow Corning -65 to 400
Notes: Assembly lubricants should always be used sparingly during application. A light film is all that is required. This is doubly important in cases 1 and 2 below.
1. When only a thin film of O-Lube is used for assembly purposes, the assembly may be subject to higher temperatures, with limits determined by the fluid
and elastomer being used.
2. Use only a thin film of Super-O-Lube on silicone rubber if the temperature will exceed 149°C (300°F).
Table 3-1: Parker O-Ring Lubricants

Freon® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.

Skydrol® is a registered trademark of Solutia Inc.

3-4 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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O-Lube has some unique advantages. It clings tenaciously 3.1.5.4 Other Friction Reduction Methods
to rubber or metal surface helping to prevent it from being Besides O-Lube and Super-O-Lube, Parker Seal can supply
flushed away by action of the system fluid. It has one of the O-rings that have received various friction reducing treatments.
widest temperature ranges of any seal lubricant available. It These may include internal lubrication and Parker’s Propri-
can be used for high pressure systems or in hard vacuum etary Lube Treatment. Both are valuable aids for automated
environments. Super-O-Lube’s inert nature lends itself to assembly operations, and may also be used in many types of

O-Ring Applications
a wide variety of fluid systems. Since there are no organic applications to reduce friction in service.
fillers, there can be no clogging of microfilters.
Note: While it is always preferable to use a lubricant, keep
In addition to its outstanding performance in internal service, in mind that there are certain systems in which lubricants
Parker Super-O-Lube gives protection to rubber polymers that would introduce unacceptable contamination, such as
are normally age sensitive when exposed to the atmosphere. semiconductor fabrication and processing equipment or
This is a typical concern with ozone sensitive polymers that medical and food processing devices.
require age control.
There are special situations that may exist where one of the two 3.1.5.5 Internal Lubrication
Parker lubricants would not be the best recommendation. For Internal lubrication involves the incorporation of friction
instance, there may be a need for a special high vacuum grease, reducing ingredients into the elastomer formula. Since this
or a lubricant that would be especially suited to phosphate ester process alters the material’s chemistry, Parker’s internally
service. For guidance in handling these unique situations consult lubricated materials are assigned unique compound numbers to
a Parker O-Ring Division Application Engineer. differentiate them from their non-lubricated counterparts.
Before selecting a lubricant (other than the primary fluid Internal lubricants consist of organic materials such as graphite,
being sealed) for use with O-rings, determine that it meets molybdenum disulfide, powdered PTFE or, more commonly,
the following requirements: a proprietary Parker organic lubricant. Because the lubricant
1. It or any additives that it contains, should not cause shrinkage is dispersed throughout the body of an O-ring, this method of
or excessive swelling of the O-ring compound being used. friction reduction generally functions longer in service than
external lubrication, but to a somewhat lesser degree.
2. It should not excessively soften or solidify over the an-
ticipated service temperature range. Graphite-impregnated compounds are commonly used to
3. It should not break-down and leave gummy or gritty seal rotary shafts. It should not however, be used in contact
deposits after cycling, or show any adverse chemical with stainless steel surfaces because graphite tends to cause
reaction with the primary fluid being sealed. corrosive pitting of stainless materials. For such applications,
compounds containing molybdenum disulfide are often a
4. It should be capable of forming a thin, strong (high sur- successful alternative.
face tension) film over the metal being lubricated that the
O-ring’s dynamic motion cannot wipe away. Compound V0848-75 contains powdered PTFE to reduce
5. It should pass through any filters used in the system. friction.
Compounds containing this organic lubricant have become
3.1.5.3 PTFE Coatings quite popular. PTFE migrates through the O-ring and gradually
PTFE coatings of O-rings is an ideal low-friction coating blooms to the surface, prolonging its lubricating effectiveness.
where operational flexibility is a major consideration. PTFE It takes a long time to degrade a significant portion of the
also offers additional benefits such as: coating when it is lost only through the mechanical action of
the mating surface. Fluids, however, tend to dissolve it, and
• Positive identification at the assembly line some solvents can leach out much of the internal lubricant
• Ease of installation in a short time.
• Lower break-in torques Internally lubricated compounds, where applicable, are avail-
• Reduces costly “hang-ups” on automatic systems able from the O-Ring Division.
• Lower initial running friction
• Eliminates sticking of components after long storage
• Reduces twisting of rings during installation
The following colors are available: standard blue, medium
blue, light blue, white, purple, red, yellow, medium green,
dark green, grey, clear, black, orange, brown umber, pink
and green/gold.

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-5

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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3.1.6 Accessories AS568 Kit #1 Sizes

3.1.6.1 Extraction Tools Size Dimensions Quantity
2-006 0.114 x .070 20
These unique double-ended tools make life easier for those who
2-007 0.145 x .070 20
have to frequently install or remove O-rings from hydraulic
2-008 0.176 x .070 20
or pneumatic cylinders and equipment. They are available in 2-009 0.208 x .070 20
O-Ring Applications

brass or plastic with or without a convenient carrying case. 2-010 0.239 x .070 20
2-011 0.239 x .070 20
3.1.6.2 O-Ring Sizing Cone 2-012 0.364 x .070 20
2-110 0.362 x .103 13
A unique measuring cone and circumference “Pi” tape pro- 2-111 0.424 x .103 13
vide quick and easy o-ring sizing information to determine 2-112 0.487 x .103 13
the nearest standard Parker o-ring size. Please note: the cone 2-113 0.549 x .103 13
and tape do not measure actual dimensions of a part and can- 2-114 0.612 x .103 13
not be used for pass/fail inspections. See table 3-3 for part 2-115 0.674 x .103 13
number information. 2-116 0.737 x .103 13
2-210 0.734 x .139 10
2-211 0.796 x .139 10
3.1.6.3 O-Ring Kits 2-212 0.859 x .139 10
When part numbers are missing, seal dimensions are unknown, 2-213 0.921 x .139 10
and the parts themselves are unavailable from the equipment 2-214 0.984 x .139 10
OEM, these o-ring kits can save the day, not to mention 2-215 1.046 x .139 10
hours of downtime. More than eight different standard kits 2-216 1.109 x .139 10
give you a choice of compounds and o-ring sizes for a wide 2-217 1.171 x .139 10
range of sealing applications. The end result? Multiple seal- 2-218 1.234 x .139 10
ing solutions for the same cost as a single OEM replacement 2-219 1.296 x .139 10
2-220 1.359 x .139 10
part. We’ll even build custom kits using any of our 200-plus
2-221 1.421 x .139 10
compounds. Please see table 3-4 through table 3-7 for detailed
2-222 1.484 x .139 10
kit information. 2-225 1.475 x .210 7
2-226 1.600 x .210 7
O-Ring Extraction Tools and Cone Part Numbers 2-227 1.725 x .210 7
Part Number Description Table 3-5: AS568 Kit #1 Sizes
Brass extraction pick and
Brass Extraction Kit
spat in plastic pouch
Plastic O-ring Pick Plastic extraction pick Parker Metric Kit #1 Sizes
Plastic Sizing Cone O-ring sizing kit
Dimensions Quantity Dimensions Quantity
Notes: Private labeling is available.
3.00 x 2.00 20 22.00 x 2.50 14
Table 3-3: Extraction Tools and Cone Part Numbers
5.00 x 2.00 20 22.00 x 3.50 10
6.00 x 2.00 18 23.00 x 3.50 10
O-Ring Kits 8.00 x 2.00 18 25.00 x 3.50 10
Part Number Description 10.00 x 2.00 18 27.00 x 3.50 10
Compound E0515-80 EPR 80 durometer O-rings 10.00 x 2.50 14 28.00 x 3.50 10
Plastic
per NAS 1613 rev. 2 in 37 popular AS568 sizes / 12.00 x 2.50 14 30.00 x 3.50 10
Std. Kit E0515
513 O-rings
Plastic Compound N0552-90 NBR 90 durometer 13.00 x 2.00 18 31.00 x 3.50 10
Std. Kit N0552 O-rings in 37 popular AS568 sizes / 513 O-rings 14.00 x 2.50 14 32.00 x 3.50 10
Plastic Compound N0674-70 NBR 70 durometer 15.00 x 2.50 14 34.00 x 3.50 10
Std. Kit N0674 O-rings in 37 popular AS568 sizes / 513 O-rings
16.00 x 2.50 14 36.00 x 3.50 10
Plastic Compound V0747-75 FKM 75 durometer O-rings
Std. Kit V0747 in 37 popular AS568 sizes / 513 O-rings 18.00 x 2.50 14 38.00 x 3.50 10
Plastic Compound V0884-75 FKM (brown) 75 durometer 18.00 x 3.50 10 41.00 x 3.50 10
Std. Kit V0884 O-rings in 37 popular AS568 sizes / 513 O-rings 20.00 x 2.50 14 44.00 x 3.50 10
N1470 Compound N1470-70 NBR 70 durometer in 30
20.00 x 3.50 10 46.00 x 3.50 10
AS568 Kit #1 popular sizes / 382 O-rings
N1470 Metric Compound N1470-70 NBR 70 durometer in 32 21.00 x 2.50 14 50.00 x 3.50 10
Kit #1 popular metric sizes / 372 O-rings Table 3-6: Parker Metric Kit #1 Sizes
Compound N1490-90 NBR 90 durometer in 20
N1490 Boss Kit
standard tube fitting sizes
Note: Boxes and plugs are available as separate items.
Table 3-4: O-Ring Kits

3-6 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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Parker Boss Kit Sizes 4. O-rings should never be forced over unprotected sharp corners,
threads, keyways, slots, splines, ports, or other sharp edges.
Size Dimensions Tube OD Quantity
If impossible to avoid by proper design, then thimbles, sup-
3
3-901 0.185 x .056 ⁄32 10 ports, or other shielding arrangements must be used during
1
3-902 0.239 x .064 ⁄8 10 assembly to prevent damage to the seal. See Figure 3-4.
3
3-903 0.301 x .064 ⁄16 10
5. Closure of the gland assembly must not pinch the O-ring

O-Ring Applications
3-904 0.351 x .072 ¼ 10
3-905 0.414 x .072 5
⁄16 12 at the groove corners.
3
3-906 0.468 x .078 ⁄8 12 6. Gland closure should be accomplished by straight lon-
7
3-907 0.530 x .082 ⁄16 12 gitudinal movement. Rotary or oscillatory motion is
3-908 0.644 x .087 ½ 12 undesirable since it may cause bunching, misalignment
9
3-909 0.706 x .097 ⁄16 12
5
and pinching or cutting of the seal.
3-910 0.755 x .097 ⁄8 12
11
3-911 0.863 x .116 ⁄16 10
3-912 0.924 x .116 ¾ 10 3.4 Selecting the Best Cross-Section
13
3-913 0.986 x .116 ⁄16 10 In designing an O-ring seal, there are usually several standard
7
3-914 1.047 x .116 ⁄8 10
cross-section diameters available. There are a number of
3-916 1.171 x .116 1 10
3-918 1.355 x .116 11⁄8 10
factors to consider in deciding which one to use, and some
3-920 1.475 x .118 1¼ 10
of these factors are somewhat contradictory.
3-924 1.720 x .118 1½ 10 In a dynamic, reciprocating application, the choice is auto-
3-928 2.090 x .118 1¾ 10 matically narrowed because the design charts and tables do
3-932 2.337 x .118 2 10
not include all the standard O-ring sizes. For any given piston
Table 3-7: Parker Boss Kit Sizes or rod diameter, O-rings with smaller cross-section diameters
are inherently less stable than larger cross-sections, tending
3.2 Cleanliness to twist in the groove when reciprocating motion occurs. This
Cleanliness is vitally important to assure proper sealing ac- leads to early O-ring spiral failure and leakage. The smaller
tion and long O-ring life. Every precaution must be taken to cross-sections for each O-ring I.D. dimension are therefore
insure that all component parts are clean at time of assembly. omitted in the reciprocating seal design tables.
Foreign particles — dust, dirt, metal chips, grit, etc.— in Nevertheless, for many dynamic applications, there is still
the gland may cause leakage and can damage the O-ring, some choice as to cross-section, and the larger cross-sections
reducing its life. will prove to be the more stable. Counterweighing this factor,
It is equally important to maintain clean hydraulic fluids is the reduced breakaway and running friction obtainable with
during the normal operation of dynamic seal systems. Costly a smaller cross-section O-ring. These and other factors to be
shut downs necessitated by excessive seal wear and requir- considered are tabulated on Table 3-8.
ing early seal replacement may be prevented by the use of
effective filters in the fluid power system as well as installing Effects of Cross Section
wiper rings on actuating rods exposed to external dust, dirt
Larger Section Smaller Section
and other contaminants.
Dynamic Reciprocating Seals
More stable Less stable
3.3 Assembly More friction Less friction
Assembly must be done with great care so that the O-ring All Seals
is properly placed in the groove and is not damaged as the Requires larger supporting Requires less space —
gland assembly is closed. Some of the more important design structure reduces weight
features to insure this are: Better compression set (1) Poorer compression set (1)
1. The I.D. stretch, as installed in the groove, should not be Less volume swell in fluid More volume swell in fluid
more than 5%. Excessive stretch will shorten the life of Less resistant to explosive More resistant to explosive
most O-ring materials. Also, see Figure 3-3 for data on decompression decompression
the flattening effect produced by installation stretch. Allows use of larger tolerances Requires closer tolerances to
2. The I.D. expansion needed to reach the groove during while still controlling squeeze control squeeze. More likely to leak
adequately due to dirt, lint, scratches, etc.
assembly ordinarily does not exceed 25-50% and should
not exceed 50% of the ultimate elongation of the chosen Less sensitive to dirt, lint,
Better physical properties(2)
scratches, etc.
compound. However, for small diameter O-rings, it may
be necessary to exceed this rule of thumb. If so, sufficient Poorer physical properties (2)
time should be allowed for the O-ring to return to its Cost and availability are other factors to consider, and these would
need to be determined for the particular sizes being considered.
normal diameter before closing the gland assembly.
(1) Particularly true for nitrile and fluorocarbon elastomers. Doubtful for
3. The O-ring should not be twisted. Twisting during instal- ethylene propylenes and silicones.
lation will most readily occur with O-rings having a large (2) Applies to tensile and elongation of nitriles, elongation of fluorocarbons.
ratio of I.D. to cross-section diameter. Table 3-8: Effects of Cross Section

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-7

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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3.5 Stretch Note: Figure 3-3 is valid for approximation purposes and
When an O-ring is stretched, its cross-section is reduced and flat- even the majority of O-ring applications. However, more
tened. When the centerline diameter is stretched more than two recent research has been done for the low stretch cases
or three percent, the gland depth must be reduced to retain the (i.e., 0 – 5%) where the observed values conform to a more
necessary squeeze on the reduced and flattened cross-section. complex hyperbolic function. For more information, refer
The “observed” curve shown in Figure 3-3 indicates how much to inPHorm seal design and material selection software.
O-Ring Applications

the compression diameter is reduced. The necessary percentage Extra stretch may be necessary when a non-standard bore
of squeeze should be applied to this corrected compression or rod diameter is encountered. In male gland (piston type)
diameter, reducing the gland depth below the recommended assemblies of large diameter, the recommended stretch is
dimensions shown in the standard design charts. so slight that the O-ring may simply sag out of the groove.
There is then the danger of pinching if the O-ring enters
the bore “blind,” i.e. in a location where the seal cannot be
watched and manually guided into the bore. For large diam-
eter assemblies of this kind, it is well to use an O-ring one
size smaller than indicated, but then the gland depth must
Compression Diameter
Free Diameter be reduced as indicated above because the stretch may ap-
Free O-ring Stretched O-ring
proach five percent.
Loss of Compression Diameter (W) Due to Stretch
Percent Reduction in Cross Section Diameter (Flattening)

13
12 Proper Designs for Installation of O-rings
11
(X Greater Than Y)
10
X Free Y
9 O-ring
8
Observed Calculated
7
6

5 Chamfer
Angle
4 10° to 20° Chamfer to Serve Cylinder Bore 10° to 20°
as Shoe Horn
3
2 Direction of
Installation
1 10° to 20°
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Percent of Diametral Stretch on O-ring
Inside Diameter at Time of Assembly

The “observed” curve is reproduced by courtesy of the Research

Laboratories of General Motors Corporation at the General Motors
Technical Center in Warren, Michigan. This curve is based on a statis-
tical analysis of a much larger volume of experimental data than has Piston Rod Bore See View "A"
to Eliminate
been available previously. Cross Drilled Sharp Edge
Port
In the stretched condition, an O-ring cross section is no longer circu-
lar. It is often necessary to compensate for the loss in squeeze result- Pinched O-ring
ing from the reduced “compression diameter.” Dimensional changes
in the “free diameter” do not affect the seal. Chamfer or
Empirical formulas for observed curve: Hole Junction Undercut Bore
0 to 3% Inside Dia. Stretch:
Y = -0.005 + 1.19X - 0.19X2 - 0.001X3 + 0.008X4
3 to 25% Inside Dia. Stretch:
Y = .56 + .59X - .0046X2
Where X = percent stretch on inside diameter
(i.e. for 5% stretch, X = 5) (Preferred)
Y = percent reduction in cross section diameter.
View A Enlarged
The calculated curve is based on the assumption that the O-ring sec-
tion remains round and the volume does not change after stretching.
Figure 3-4: Proper Designs for Installation of O-rings
(
Formula: Y = 100 1 -
10
100 + X
(
Figure 3-3: Loss of Compression Diameter (W) Due to Stretch

3-8 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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recovery when the squeeze is less than .1 mm (.005 inch).

Compression Recovery of Three O-Ring The three curves, representing three nitrile compounds, show
Compounds When Light Squeeze is Applied very clearly that a good compression set resistant compound
100
Recovery After can be distinguished from a poor one only when the applied
Compression of squeeze exceeds .1 mm (.005 inches).
Percent of Original Delection

70 Hours at
100°C (212°F)

O-Ring Applications
75 Most seal applications cannot tolerate a “no” or zero squeeze
Recovery is
Essentially condition. Exceptions include low-pressure air valves, for which
Recovery

Independent of the floating pneumatic piston ring design is commonly used,

50 Sample Thickness
and some rotary O-ring seal applications. See the Dynamic O-
Ring Sealing, Section V, and Tables A6-6 and A6-7 for more
information on pneumatic and rotary O-ring seal design.
25

3.7 Gland Fill

0 The percentage of gland volume that an O-ring cross-section
mm 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5
displaces in its confining gland is called “gland fill”. Most
In. 0 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020
Compression O-ring seal applications call for a gland fill of between 60%
to 85% of the available volume with the optimum fill being
Figure 3-5: Compression Recovery of Three O-ring 75% (or 25% void). The reason for the 60% to 85% range is
Compounds When Light Squeeze is Applied because of potential tolerance stacking, O-ring volume swell
and possible thermal expansion of the seal. It is essential to
An assembled stretch greater than five percent is not recom- allow at least a 10% void in any elastomer sealing gland.
mended because the internal stress on the O-ring causes more
rapid aging. Over five percent stretch may sometimes be used,
however, if a shorter useful life is acceptable. 3.8 O-Ring Compression Force
The force required to compress each linear inch of an O-ring
Of the commonly used O-ring seal elastomers, the reduc- seal depends principally on the shore hardness of the O-ring,
tion in useful life is probably greatest with nitrile materials. its cross-section, and the amount of compression desired.
Therefore, where high stretch is necessary, it is best to use Even if all these factors are the same, the compressive force
ethylene propylene, fluorocarbon, polyurethane or neoprene, per linear inch for two rings will still vary if the rings are
whichever material has the necessary resistance to the tem- made from different compounds or if their inside diameters
peratures and fluids involved. are different. The anticipated load for a given installation is
not fixed, but is a range of values. The values obtained from a
3.6 Squeeze large number of tests are expressed in the bar charts of Figures
The tendency of an O-ring to attempt to return to its original 2-4 through 2-8 in Section II. If the hardness of the compound
uncompressed shape when the cross-section is deflected is the is known quite accurately, the table for O-ring compression
basic reason why O-rings make such excellent seals. Obviously force, Table 2-3 may be used to determine which portion of
then, squeeze is a major consideration in O-ring seal design. the bar is most likely to apply.

In dynamic applications, the maximum recommended squeeze Increased service temperatures generally tend to soften
is approximately 16%, due to friction and wear consider- elastomeric materials (at least at first). Yet the compression
ations, though smaller cross-sections may be squeezed as force decreases very little except for the hardest compounds.
much as 25%. For instance, the compression force for O-rings in compound
N0674-70 decreased only 10% as the temperature was in-
When used as a static seal, the maximum recommended creased from 24°C (75°F) to 126°C (258°F). In compound
squeeze for most elastomers is 30%, though this amount may N0552-90 the compression force decrease was 22% through
cause assembly problems in a radial squeeze seal design. In a the same temperature range.
face seal situation, however, a 30% squeeze is often beneficial
because recovery is more complete in this range, and the seal Refer to Figure 3-6 for the following information:
may function at a somewhat lower temperature. There is a The dotted line indicates the approximate linear change
danger in squeezing much more than 30% since the extra in the cross section (W) of an O-ring when the gland
stress induced may contribute to early seal deterioration. prevents any change in the I.D. with shrinkage, or the
Somewhat higher squeeze may be used if the seal will not be O.D., with swell. Hence this curve indicates the change
exposed to high temperatures nor to fluids that tend to attack in the effective squeeze on an O-ring due to shrinkage
the elastomer and cause additional swell. or swell. Note that volumetric change may not be such
a disadvantage as it appears at first glance. A volumetric
The minimum squeeze for all seals, regardless of cross-sec- shrinkage of six percent results in only three percent
tion should be about .2 mm (.007 inches). The reason is that
with a very light squeeze almost all elastomers quickly take
100% compression set. Figure 3-5 illustrates this lack of

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-9

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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Parker O-Ring Handbook

linear shrinkage when the O-ring is confined in a gland. 3.9.2 Engine

This represents a reduction of only .003" of squeeze on See Table 3-9.
an O-ring having a .103" cross-section (W) dimension. General requirements:
The solid lines indicate linear change in both I.D. and
cross-section for a free-state (unconfined) O-ring. Temperature: -40°C to 125°C (-40°F to 250°F)
(sometimes higher)
O-Ring Applications

Medium: Engine oil, cooling water, fuel, hot air and

O-Ring Linear vs. Volume Change Relationship mixtures of these media
100
Engine Applications
90
Compounds
80 Temperature ASTM
Application Medium Range °C (°F) D1418 Parker
Volume Swell — Percent

70 -35°C to 110°C
NBR N0674-70
(-31°F to 230°F)
60 -30°C to 120°C
NBR N0951-75
Free O-Ring Fixed O.D. Motor oil SAE- (-22°F to 248°F)
50 Oil filter Oils -25°C to 200°C
FKM V1164-75
(-13°F to 392°F)
40 -25°C to 150°C
ACM AA150-70
(-13°F to 392 °F)
30
-30°C to 100°C
NBR N0951-75
Wet cylinders Water/ (-22°F to 212°F)
20 (Diesel) Oil -25°C to 120°C
Linear FKM V1164-70
(-13°F to 248°F)
Shrinkage 10
Percent -35°C to 90°C
NBR N0674-70
15 10 5 (-31°F to 194°F)
Air-filter Air/Fuel
Fixed I.D. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 -60°C to 210°C
VMQ S1224-70
Linear Expansion — Percent (-76°F to 410°F)
10
Table 3-9: Engine Applications
Volume
20 Shrinkage
Percent
3.9.3 Brake System
Figure 3-6: O-ring Linear vs. Volume Change Relationship General requirements:
Temperature: -40°C to 150°C (-40°F to 302°F)
Medium: Synthetic brake fluid (Dot3, Dot4, Dot5)
3.9 Specific Applications
with glycol or glycol-ether base to
3.9.1 Automotive Department of Transportion and
The types of elastomer compound required by this industry SAE recommendations
are numerous and the variety of applications quite extensive. Compound: E0667-70, E1022-70
The following examples can be viewed as a brief analysis of
the problems found in the automotive industry.
3.9.4 Fuel System
The demands made on an elastomer at high and low tempera- Gasoline and diesel fuels are used in normal commercial
tures are even greater than normal while compatibility with vehicles. Fuels are more aggressive than mineral oils and
new chemical additives which improve the physical properties cause higher swelling of the elastomer which increases with
of automotive fuels and oils, require continuous improvement temperature. Swelling of an elastomer in fuel is, however,
in elastomeric compounds for automotive service. generally reversible when the absorbed fuel vaporizes com-
The selection of the proper O-ring compound depends on pletely. When parts of a compound are dissolved or leached
the temperature at the sealing interface and of the contact out of the elastomer however, shrinkage takes place which is
medium. Each group of elastomers have a working range permanent. If a nitrile-based compound is required, a com-
of temperatures. pound must be selected which contains minimum amounts
of plasticisers, anti-aging or anti-ozone additives. By careful
The low temperature requirements for many automotive ap- selection of the seal compound, the tendency to shrinkage or
plications are often below the brittleness point for elastomers cold brittleness is avoided.
like FKM, ACM and NBR. However, static applications,
leakage at low temperatures may not occur because of O-ring
deformation and the high viscosity of the sealed medium. The
critical temperature often is bridged when the seal warms
quickly in service.

3-10 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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3.9.5 Fuels for Automobile Engines is observed in a full immersion test. If the free state swell
There are several automotive fuels on the market; gasoline exceeds 50 percent, however, a radial squeeze assembly may
(which can contain 10-20% ethanol), ethanol/E85, diesel and be almost impossible to take apart because of the osmotic
biodeisel are the most common. Parker is at the forefront forces generated.
in testing elastomer materials for use in traditional and alter- In dynamic applications, volume swell up to 15 or 20 percent is
native fuels. For the latest information and test data regard-

O-Ring Applications
usually acceptable, but higher values are likely to increase fric-
ing this rapidly changing industry, please contact Parker’s tion and reduce toughness and abrasion resistance to the point
O-Ring Division. that use of the particular compound is no longer feasible.
The best rubber compound to use depends not only on the With these factors in mind, the data in Table 3-10 can be
fuel itself, but also on the temperature range anticipated helpful in finding a suitable compound to use in a given
and the type of usage; i.e. whether in a static or a dynamic automotive fuel application.
application. In automotive fuel applications, extremely high
temperatures are not anticipated, but in northern climates,
temperatures as low as -40°C (-40°F) or even -54°C (-65°F) 3.9.6 Transmission
are sometimes encountered. General requirements:
Most of the compounds recommended for use in fuel have Temperature: 90°C (158°F)
rather poor low temperature capability in air, but in a fluid (short periods up to 150°C) (302°F)
that swells them the low temperature capability improves. In Medium: Gear oil (reference oil SAE 90)
studying the effects of volume swell on low temperature, it
was found that for each percent of volume swell in a fuel, the For automatic transmission:
low temperature capability (TR-10) was improved between Medium: ATF oil (Automatic Transmission Fluid)
0.5°C and 1°C (1°F and 2°F). Compound: N0674-70, N0552-90, AA150-70,
The TR-10 value is a good indicator of the low temperature AE152-70 (Vamac), V1164-75,
limit of a dynamic seal or a static seal exposed to pulsating V0884-75 (brown)
pressure. In a static steady pressure application, an O-ring
will generally function to a temperature approximately 3.9.7 Cooling and Heating Systems
8°C (15°F) lower than the TR-10 temperature. General requirements:
The volume swell chart that follows, therefore, can be used Temperature: -40°C to 100°C (-40°F to 212°F)
to approximate the low temperature capability of a given (short periods up to 120°C (257°F))
compound in a given automotive fuel. The results will not Medium: a) Water-glycol mixture 1:1 (with 1 to
be precise because the effect of volume swell on the TR-10 2% corrosion retarding additives)
value is not precise, and also because the composition of the
Medium: b) Water-ethylene glycol mixture 1:1
fuels themselves is not uniform.
(Prestone® antifreeze)
In static applications, even in most extreme volume cases, Compound: E0803-70
swell can sometimes be tolerated. An O-ring can swell only
until it completely fills the cavity. Further increase in vol-
ume is not possible, regardless of how much volume swell

Volume Swell of Compounds

Compound No. 47-071(2) N0497-70 N0674-70(2) V0747-75(2) V0834-70
TR-10 in air -40°F -23°F -15°F +5°F +5°F
FUEL
Unleaded gasoline 12% 14% 36% 1% 1%
Unleaded +10% ethanol (3) 26% 24% 53% 5% 2%
Unleaded +20% ethanol 24% 24% 56% 4% 5%
Unleaded +10% methanol 35% 33% 66% 14% 16%
Unleaded +20% methanol 32% 30% 67% 26% 36%
(1) Volume swell of 2-214 O-ring immersed in the fuel for 70 hours at room temperature.
(2) Stock standard compounds. Generally available off-the-shelf.
(3) The “gasohol” mixture most commonly used in the United States consists of unleaded gasoline plus 10% ethanol (ethyl alcohol).

Table 3-10: Volume Swell of Compounds

Prestone® is a registered trademark of Prestone Products Corporation.

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-11

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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3.9.8 Air Conditioning Oils are preferred which tend to have a constant viscosity
Automotive A/C units are almost exclusively charged with over a wide temperature range. These highly developed oils
refrigerant R134a, whereas existing units are generally can be very aggressive.
filled with the older (and now banned in US) R12 Freon FKM or ACM based materials are often are preferred when
refrigerant. high operating temperatures are involved.
O-Ring Applications

Special oils are added to the refrigerant in order to lubricate the

compressor: R134a systems use mostly polyalkylene glycol 3.9.10 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
oils, whereas R12 systems employ mostly mineral oils.
Seals used in cooling systems should be fully compatible with
General requirements: the refrigerant. Refrigerants often are coded “R” and consist of
Temperature: -40°C to 80°C (-40°F to 175°F) fluids based on fluorinated and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Medium: refrigerant R134a Trade names, e.g. Freon, Frigen®, Kaltron® are used together
refrigerant R12 with the type number.
polyalkylene glycol oil Examples:
mineral oil
• R13 corresponds to Freon 13 and Kaltron 13
Compound: C0873-70, N1173-70
• R13 B1 corresponds to Freon 13 B1, Frigen 13 B1 and
Kaltron 13 B1
3.9.9 Power Steering Systems
Fire extinguishers are propelled with Halon R1301 corres-
General requirements: ponding to Freon 13 B1.
Temperature: Up to 120°C (-40°F to 257°F)
(short periods up to 150°C (302°F)) Several of these refrigerants also are used as propellants in
aerosol containers. Further information on compounds can
Medium: Power steering fluid be found in the Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section VII.
Compound: N0674-70, N0552-90, AA150-70, See Table 3-11.
AE152-70 (Vamac), V1164-75,
V0884-75 (brown) 3.9.11 Food, Beverage and Potable Water
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established
a list of rubber compounding ingredients which tests
Compound Recommendation for Refrigerants have indicated are neither toxic nor carcinogenic (cancer
Fluorinated Hydrocarbons ASTM Parker producing). Rubber compounds produced entirely from these
Refrigerant (R) D1418
ingredients and which also pass the FDA extraction tests are
11 NBR N0674-70
12 CR C0873-70
said to “meet the FDA requirements” per 21 CFR177.2600.
12 and ASTM oil no. 2 (mixed 50:50) FKM V1164-75 The FDA does not approve rubber compounds. It is the respon-
12 and Suniso 4G (mixed 50:50) FKM V1164-75 sibility of the manufacturer to compound food grade materials
13 CR C0873-70 from the FDA list of ingredients and establish whether they
13 B1 CR C0873-70 pass the necessary extraction requirements.
14 CR C0873-70
21 CR C0873-70
3-A Sanitary Standards have been formulated by the United
22 CR C0873-70
States Public Health Service, the International Association
22 and ASTM oil no. 2 (mixed 50:50) CR C0873-70 of Milk Food and Environmental Standards, and the Dairy
31 CR C0873-70 and Food Industries Supply Association. A similar document,
32 CR C0873-70 E-3A Sanitary Standards, was later formulated by this same
112 FKM V1164-75 group plus the United States Department of Agriculture
113 CR C0873-70 and the Institute of American Poultry Industries. The 3-A
114 CR C0873-70 standards are intended for elastomers to be used as product
114 B2 CR C0873-70 contact surfaces in dairy equipment, while the E-3A standards
115 CR C0873-70 are intended for elastomers used as product contact surfaces
502 CR C0873-70 in egg processing equipment. The requirements of the two
134a CR C0873-70 specifications are essentially identical, the intent in each case
BF (R112) FKM V1164-75
being to determine whether rubber materials are capable of
C318 CR C0873-70
K-152a CR C0873-70
being cleaned and receiving an effective bactericidal treatment
K-142b CR C0873-70 while still maintaining their physical properties after repeated
MF (R11) NBR N0674-70 applications of the cleaning process chemicals.
PCA (R113) CR C0873-70
TF (R113) CR C0873-70
Table 3-11: Compound Recommendation for Refrigerants
Frigen® is a registered trademark of Canadian Hoechst Limited Corporation.
Kaltron® is a registered trademark of Joh A. Benckiser GMBH Joint Stock Company.

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Parker Seal produces a number of compounds that meet 3.9.12 Aerospace Technology
FDA requirements, and the most popular of these have been The aerospace industry demands the most from elastomeric
tested to the 3-A and E-3A standards. Information on some compounds. Special materials often must be developed to meet
of these and other Parker food grade compounds is contained specification requirements. Additionally many special require-
in Table 3-12 to assist the user in selecting the most suitable ments must be met during the production of finished parts,
compound for their particular food application. not least to meet safety, technical and quality requirements.

O-Ring Applications
Our experience in aerospace sealing has been gained by
Parker Compounds that Meet FDA Requirements working with a variety of global airframe and jet engine
FDA customers and as well as being represented on a number of
Compound 3A and E3A Color/Other standardization committees.
Polymer Number Classes Features
Ethylene E1028-70 NT(1) Black
Propylene 3.9.12.1 Jet Fuels
Fluorocarbon V0680-70 1,2,3,4 Red/USDA In static applications, jet fuels can generally be sealed with
Nitrile N1069-70 NT(1) Black nitrile O-ring materials such as Parker’s N0602-70. In the
N1219-60 NT(1) Black older jet fuels, such as JP-3, JP-4, and JP-5, and the later JP-8
N1220-70 NT(1) Black and RJ-4, the swell seldom exceeds 20%. In JP-9 and JP-10,
N0508-75 1,2,3,4 Black, USDA(2) the normal volume swell is 24 to 40%. In a standard O-ring
Silicone S0802-40 2,3,4 White cavity, the rubber is confined, and cannot swell to this extent.
S0317-60 1,2,3,4 Rust/ZZ-R-765,
Classes 1A, 1B,
The standard cavities have at least 10% excess void, allowing
2A, 2B/USDA the O-rings to swell this amount before they are contained.
S1138-70 NT(1) Rust This extra space greatly reduces the pressures that can be
S0355-75 1,2,3,4 Rust/USDA(2) generated by a confined elastomer and avoids damaging any
(1) NT = Not tested but the very lightest type of structure.
(2) USDA = Declared “chemically acceptable” by United States Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Meat In dynamic applications, Parker’s V1164-75 fluorocarbon
and Poultry Inspection Program. “They may be used in processing or elastomer may be used because it swells less than 2% in these
storage areas for contact with meat or poultry food product prepared
under Federal inspection...” fluids, but its low temperature capability does not normally
Table 3-12: Parker Compounds That Meet FDA Requirements
extend below -29°C (-20°F).

3.9.12.2 Liquid Rocket Propellants

National Sanitation Foundation
(Nitrogen Tetroxide/Aerozine 50) Rocket propulsion sys-
Additional requirements have been imposed upon seal manu- tems utilizing oxidizer and fuel combinations such as nitrogen
facturers regarding food, beverage and potable water service. tetroxide (N2O4) and Aerozine 50 (50/50 mixture of UDMH
NSF 51, Food and Beverage, and NSF 61, Potable Water, and hydrazine) prompted development of an elastomeric
deal with indirect additives that may arise by migration into compound to seal against these fluids. The fuel system (i.e.
food, beverage and potable water from rubber, plastic, metal Aerozine 50) does not pose as difficult a sealing problem
or other materials. Parker Seal has developed a number of as does the oxidizer. Most currently available elastomeric
compounds, which meet NSF 51 and NSF 61 requirements. compounds are degraded by the extremely vigorous N2O4
Some of these are listed below. oxidizer. However, Parker developed a number of compounds
NSF 51 NSF 61 which demonstrate markedly improved resistance to N2O4 in
Certified Materials Certified Materials both liquid and vapor phases.
N1219-60 N0757-70
N1220-70 E3609-70 The expected life of a seal of conventional design immersed in
V0680-70 E1244-70 N2O4 is limited. Considerable useful seal life with the material
E3609-70 E1512-70 however, has been realized through special design practices.
E1549-70 In the Gask-O-Seal rubber/metal configuration, where only a
E1561-60
E1571-70
minute portion of the sealing element is exposed to the fluid,
E1570-70 Parker compounds have sealed nitrogen tetroxide at room
E1583-70 temperature for more than a year.
EJ273-70
EJ274-70

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3.9.13 Nuclear Technology vidual effects, and it is therefore important to test a seal in condi-
Elastomers which are compounded for exposure to radiation tions similar to those it will encounter in service. Because effects
must satisfy stringent quality and material qualification tests. vary with the individual compound, it is important that the exact
In addition to resisting radiation, the elastomer also must compound be specified, and not merely the type of polymer.
be compatible with the contact medium under the working Table 3-13 gives data to aid in selecting the most promising
environment (temperature, pressure, etc).
O-Ring Applications

compounds to test for many combinations of conditions.

In the majority of these applications, the radiation dosage
level remains below 106 rad, a level normally attained 3.9.15 Energy, Oil and Gas
after years of operation. Practically all elastomers suffer no
Applications in the offshore industry pose new and unique
change of their physical properties at radiation levels up to
problems for seal manufacturers. Working conditions are
1 M rad (= 106 rad = 104 J/kg). Parker has developed com-
very difficult involving:
pounds with resistance to radiation levels of 107 rad.
• Aggressive contact media
Water and steam are common media in nuclear applications.
• High pressures
Typical nuclear operating conditions are:
• Wide range of temperatures
Temperature: 180°C (350°F)
Irradiation: 107 rad Critical conditions occur in connection with:
• Oil additives causing chemical attack
3.9.14 Radiation • Explosive decompression
One of the most important properties if an elastomer used • Clearance gap extrusion at high pressure
as an O-ring seal is its resistance to compression set. On • High and low temperatures
exposure to gamma radiation, it is compression set that is
most severely affected. After experiencing 1 x 108 rads, all Contact media are gas, oil, water (sea water, ground water),
elastomers tested had taken over 85% set, enough loss of drilling mud, sour gas, CO2, steam, rinsing water, lubricants
“memory” that leakage would be expected. At 1 x107 rads, (additives in lubricants as rust inhibitors), etc.
there were big differences between compounds, while at 1 x Working conditions vary greatly to location and function.
106 rads, the effects on all compounds were minor. It is there-
fore in the range of 1 x 107, that an O-ring compound must Temperatures: up to 225°C (450°F) plus peaks
be selected with care, while at higher levels they should not Working pressures: 100 to 1000 Bar and higher
be considered, and at lower levels factors other than radiation (1450 psi to 14500 psi and higher)
will be more significant. Contact our Application Engineering Department regarding
In a reactor, seals are often exposed to hot water, steam, hot air, the above and more difficult conditions.
silicone fluids or other influences in addition to the radiation. The
total effect is probably greater than a simple addition of the indi-

Data on Radiation Resistant Compounds

Comp. Set at Steam & Water Silicone Fluid
Compound Polymer 107 Rads(1) Max. Temp.(2) Resistance Resistance
S0604-70 Silicone 20.0% 204°C (400°F) Poor Poor
N0674-70 Nitrile 24.3% 149°C (300°F) OK to 49°C (120°F) Good
N0741-75 Nitrile 24.3% 149°C (300°F) OK to 49°C (120°F) Good
E0740-75 Ethylene Propylene 28.6% 177°C (350°F) Good Good
S0455-70 Silicone (Hi Temp) 31.4% 177°C (350°F) Poor Poor
E0515-80 Ethylene Propylene 46.6% 149°C (300°F) Good Good
P0642-70 Polyurethane 55.2% 82°C (180°F) Poor Good
A0607-70(3) Polyacrylate 61.5% 149°C (300°F) Poor Good
V0747-75 Fluorocarbon 66.7% 204°C (400°F) Poor Good
L0677-70(3) Fluorosilicone 67.6% 204°C (400°F) Poor Good
(1) Compression set after exposure to 107 rads of gamma radiation at room temperature. The lower values are preferred. If over 40%, use only at lower dosage level.
(2) Temperature at which .139 cross section ring takes a 90% compression set after 1000 hours when not exposed to radiation or fluids.
(3) Material is obsolete, data presented represents family of materials.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.
Table 3-13: Data on Radiation Resistant Compounds

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3.9.16 Fungus-Resistant Compounds 3.9.17.1 Fire-Resistant Hydraulic Fluids

Both the extreme environmental conditions experienced by When mineral oils represent a high fire risk, fire-resistant
the military and efforts in space have focused attention on hydraulic fluids are used. Three groups of such fluids are:
many previously overlooked facets of hardware. Among • Water emulsions (HFA and HFB groups)
these is the ability of materials to resist degradation caused
by fungus. Fungus is a problem in tropical regions such as • Water solutions (HFC)

O-Ring Applications
southeast Asia. A number of Parker compounds have been • Water-free synthetic fluids (HFD)
submitted to an independent laboratory for fungus resistance The types of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids are presented in
exposure tests. The results of this study document that the Table 3-16.
Parker compounds shown in Table 3-14 are non-nutrient to
fungus as defined by MIL-STD-810F, Method 508.5. Fluids containing water rely on their water content to pre-
vent fire. To remain effective, such fluids must be regularly
With the possible exceptions of natural rubber and polyurethane, checked and their water concentration maintained. Working
the base polymers for elastomers are normally non-nutrient temperatures are limited to between 50°C and 65°C (120°F
to fungi. Nevertheless, there are compounds that will support to 150°F) because water easily evaporates at higher tempera-
fungus growth because they contain nutrient type ingredients. tures. All fluids containing water have one common feature:
The plasticizer used is of particular importance in this respect. they have a negative effect upon bearings.
By studying all the ingredients of a particular compound, a
chemist can predict quite accurately whether it will support According to ISO Specification 6071, HFA, HFB and HFC
fungus growth, without conducting a test. Therefore, if it is hydraulic fluids are differentiated further by the suffix letters
desirable to use some compound not listed below in an ap- C, M, E and S:
plication that requires a non-nutrient material, contact Parker’s • C indicates that no wear inhibitor is present
Application Engineering Department to determine whether the • M indicates that a wear inhibitor is present
compound is a good candidate for the application.
• E indicates a mineral oil based HFA fluid
• S indicates a synthetic HFA fluid
Fungus Tests on Compounds
Table 3-17 shows a comparison of the most important proper-
Fungus testing per MIL-STD-810F, Method 508.5(1)
ties of the four groups of non-flammable fluids together with
Non-Nutrient Supports the recommended type of elastomer.
to Fungus Growth Fungus Growth
(Rating = 0) (Rating >0)
Butyl Nitrile Silicone Neoprene 3.9.17.1.1 HFA Fluids
B0612-70 N0545-40 S0595-50 C0267-50 HFA fluids contain more than 80% water. In practice 95% to
N0299-50 S0317-60 98% water is more common, the balance being “concentrates”
Neoprene
N0406-60 S0613-60 Ethylene
C0873-70 which improve wear and corrosion resistance.
N0525-60 S0455-70 Propylene
C1124-70
N0506-65 S0604-70 E0603-70
Ethylene 47-071 S0355-75 E0652-90 The relationship between water content and concentrate offers
Propylene N0103-70 S0614-80
Nitrile
the greatest threat to the proper function of HFA fluids. The
E0692-75 N0497-70 local water supply is not only different from one area to the
Fluorocarbon N1069-70
E0740-75 N0602-70
E0515-80 N0674-70
V0680-70 N0756-75 next, but its various constituents may cause the hardness to
V0747-75 vary. The operating solution is mixed by the user and not by
E0540-80 N0818-70 Polyurethane
V1164-75
N0304-75 P0642-70 the manufacturer. HFA concentrates can have mineral oil or
V0709-90
N0951-75 synthetic oil bases.
N0507-90 Fluorosilicone
N0552-90 L1120-70
(1) Testing performed on U.S. fungal species only.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available
Types of Non-Flammable Hydraulic Fluids
Table 3-14: Fungus Tests on Compounds
Type of
Hydraulic Fluid Content Application
Oil in water Hydraulic fluid e.g.
3.9.17 Hydraulic Fluids Hydraulic fluid HFA
emulsion for hydraulic presses
There are so many types of hydraulic fluids that only the highest Hydraulic fluid HFB
Water in oil Hydraulic fluid e.g.
performance O-ring compounds can be used to seal all of them. emulsion for hydraulic presses
If a specific fluid is not listed in Section VII, a good candidate Water polymer Fire risk systems to max.
Hydraulic fluid HFC
solutions 60°C at low pressure
O-ring material can be selected from Table 3-15 if the type of For fire risk systems at
the hydraulic fluid is known. Of course, it is important to select Waterless
Hydraulic fluid HFD high temperatures and
a seal compound having a temperature range that is suitable for synthetic fluid
pressures
the application. Table 3-17: Types of Non-Flammable Hydraulic Fluids

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Compounds for Hydraulic Fluids

Temp. Range O-Ring Compounds
High-Water-Base Fluids 4°C to 49°C N0674-70, nitrile
(95-5 Fluids) (40°F to 120°F) E0540-80, ethylene propylene
-34°C to 121°C (-30°F to 250°F), N0674-70, nitrile
-29°C to 135°C (-20°F to 275°F), N0951-75, nitrile
O-Ring Applications

Hydrocarbon Base Hydraulic Fluids -54°C to 149°C

-54°C to 135°C (-65°F to 275°F), N0756-75, nitrile
(including petroleum base) (-65°F to 300°F)
-26°C to 204°C (-15°F to 400°F), V1164-75, fluorocarbon
-26°C to 204°C (-15°F to 400°F), V1226-75, fluorocarbon
Phosphate Esters -54°C to 149°C E1267-80, ethylene propylene
Aircraft types (alkyl phosphate esters) (-65°F to 300°F) (NAS1613)
E0540-80, ethylene propylene
Phosphate Esters -34°C to 93°C
V1164-75, fluorocarbon
Industrial types (aryl phosphate esters) (-30°F to 200°F)
V1226-75, fluorocarbon
Phosphate Ester-Petroleum -1°C to 100°C V1164-75, fluorocarbon
Oil Blends (30°F to 212°F) V1226-75, fluorocarbon
-26°C to 204°C (-15°F to 400°F), V1164-75, fluorocarbon
-54°C to 288°C
Silicate Esters -26°C to 204°C (-15°F to 400°F), V0884-75, fluorocarbon
(-65°F to 550°F)
-54°C to 149°C (-65°F to 300°F), C0873-70, neoprene
-73°C to 177°C (-100°F to 350°F), LM159-70 fluorosilicone (static only)
-73°C to 288°C -54°C to 149°C (-65°F to 300°F), E0540-80, ethylene propylene
Silicone Hydraulic Fluids
(-100°F to 550°F) -26°C to 204°C (-15°F to 400°F), V1164-75, fluorocarbon
-26°C to 204°C (-15°F to 400°F), V1226-75, fluorocarbon (brown Chromassure)
E0540-80, ethylene propylene
-18°C to 60°C N0674-70, nitrile (limited life as dynamic (But wider range seal anticipated
Water-Glycol
(0°F to 140°F) above 43°C (110°F)) as a coolant)
N0951-75, nitrile (for higher temperature coolant use)
Water-in-Oil Emulsions -12°C to 49°C
N0674-70, nitrile
(“Invert” emulsions) (10°F to 120°F)
Note: Due to variations in each type of fluid, and the many variables possible in the application of O-rings, these compound listings are intended only as gen-
eral guides. Users must test under their own operating conditions to determine the suitability of any compound in a particular application.
Table 3-15: Compounds for Hydraulic Fluids

Properties of the Four Groups of Non-Flammable Fluids

Reference
Properties HFA/HFB HFC HFD
kinematic viscosity (mm2/s)
0.3 to 2 20 to 70 12 to 50
to 50°C (122°F)
viscosity/temperature relationship good very good bad
density at 15°C (59°F) ca. 0.99 1.04 to 1.09 1.15 to 1.45
3°C to 55°C -25°C to 60°C -20°C to 150°C
temperature range
(37°F to 131°F) (-13°F to 140°F) (-4°F to 302°F)
water content (weight %) 80 to 98 35 to 55 none
emulsion poor solution
stability very good very good
very good
life of bearings 5 to 10% 6 to 15% 50 to 100%
heat transfer excellent good poor
lubrication acceptable good excellent
corrosion resistance poor to acceptable good excellent
after vaporizing of water
combustion temperature not possible ca. 600°C (1112°F)
under 1000°C (1832°F)
emulsion: used oil
environmental risk special waste special waste
synth.: dilution
pH-level concentration water viscosity water content viscosity neutral
regular inspection
hardness micro-organisms pH-level pH spec. gravity
seal material NBR, FKM NBR FKM, EPDM(1)
(1) only for pure (mineral oil free) phosphate-ester (HFD-R)
Table 3-16: Properties of the Four Groups of Non-Flammable Fluids

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3.9.17.2 Concentrates Containing Mineral Oils 3.9.17.5 HFC Fluids

(Oil-in-Water-Solutions) HFC hydraulic fluids consist of a solution of polyethylene
Oil is not soluble in water. Only by employing emulsifiers it is and polypropylene glycols in a proportion of between 35%
possible to bring about a stable oil-in-water-solution. The level and 55%. The two glycols behave differently, bringing about
of concentrates is limited by the stability of the emulsion. a wide variation in the fluid’s properties.

O-Ring Applications
Mineral oil concentrates can contain practically all types of While polyethylene glycols exhibit relatively high resistance
chemical additives that have thus far been developed. When to shear, tests have shown that they suffer damage by shearing
the water evaporates, mineral oil remains behind, containing of the chains after only 2000 to 3000 working hours. Most
all required anti-corrosion additives. The concentrates are elastomer compounds that are compatible with mineral oils
mostly based on naphthenic oils and can cause problems with also can be used in HFC fluids (NBR for example). Certain
certain O-ring compounds. Such emulsions have been used FKM compounds are not compatible with HFC fluids.
as hydraulic press fluids for decades. In general, emulsions
The wear resistant properties and viscosity of HFC fluids
take longer to filter.
is good and corrosion may be controlled by additives. The
With these kinds of fluids there is a great risk of micro-bac- temperature range is an improvement over mineral oil based
teriological growth which can lead to problems. Such growth fluids. Exposed bearings however, still remain very susceptible
however, can be brought under control without difficulty by to corrosion due to high water content and the working life of
adding a biocide to the mixture. equipment is thereby shortened. This is especially true with
working pressures over 200 Bar (2900 psi).
3.9.17.3 Micro-Emulsions HFC fluids are regarded as special refuse and should be
Recently, new synthetic concentrates, which are similar to handled accordingly. Working temperature ranges from -25°C
oils, have been developed which form micro-emulsions when to 60°C (-14°F to 140°F).
mixed by 5% with water. This is neither a true solution nor
an emulsion, but can be better described as a highly stable 3.9.17.6 HFD Fluids
colloidal suspension of high viscosity oil drops in water.
This group of hydraulic fluids consists of pure synthetic, wa-
The concentrate contains both water and oil soluble, wear ter-free fluid and does not suffer from most of the previously
resistant additives which form a high-pressure resistant film mentioned difficulties. On the down side however, compat-
with good lubricating properties. They are not prone to the ibility with most seal materials is rather limited.
micro-biological attack, and have a useful life of more than
The earliest developments in HFD fluids have disappeared
one year. from the market because they were extremely poisonous. Their
Concentrates currently available at this time are limited to place has been taken by pure phosphate esters, both synthetic
100 Bar (1450 psi) working pressure and are mostly used in and natural, which are essentially non-toxic. Although much
automated production lines, industrial robots, etc. easier to handle, these materials have a very steep viscos-
ity/temperature relationship curve which makes the working
range of temperature very narrow; this means that more cooling
3.9.17.4 Synthetic HFA Concentrates (Solutions) capacity is necessary to avoid overheating the system.
Recently a number of synthetic HFA concentrates have been
developed which form a stable solution in water and are also The fluid can be used at pressures in the range of 300 to 350
suitable carriers of semi-soluble additives whose purpose is Bar (4350 to 5075 psi) and represents the most expensive
to protect metal components such as brass and copper. hydraulic fluid on the market. Disposal is problem-free but
must still be classified as special refuse.
These fluids can be filtered finely as required because they are in
complete solution. Should the water evaporate however, the re- HFD fluids can be used at temperatures between -20°C and
sidual fluid has a high pH value, which may cause corrosion. 150°C (-5°F and 300°F).
The most important physical properties of HFA fluids depend
on their water proportion and vary greatly from mineral oils. 3.10 Temperature Extremes
As described above, wear and lubricating properties can be 3.10.1 High Temperature
greatly improved by the addition of suitable concentrates. The fluorocarbons are the most useful for high temperature seal-
In spite of this, the working life of a hydraulic system using ing applications. In a 1000 hour air age test at 204°C (400°F),
HFA fluid is significantly shorter than of a system using Parker’s fluorocarbon compound V0747-75 took a 66% set,
conventional hydraulic oils. leaving enough recovery to continue sealing for many additional
Oil based hydraulic systems are increasingly being replaced hours at that temperature. At 232°C (450°F), however, the an-
by HFA fluids. The tendency to leakage of these low-viscosity ticipated useful life is reduced to approximately 336 hours.
fluids has caused a search for additives that would increase The effect of the environment must be carefully assessed. In
the fluid’s viscosity. The working temperature ranges from the presence of hot water or steam, the fluorocarbons tend
5°C to 55°C (42°F to 130°F). to harden and take a premature set. Under these conditions,
ethylene propylene is generally superior to fluorocarbon.

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Compression Set Resistance of Compound N0951-75 Comparison of Elastomers in a Compatible

100 Contact Medium and Maximum Allowable
90 Temperatures in °C (°F)
Conventional Nitrile Compound Compound Lubrication
80 DIN/ISO with mineral
1629 oil base Water Air
% of Original Deflection
O-Ring Applications

70
NBR 110°C (230°F) 70°C (158°F) 90°C (194°F)
60 High
temperature 120°C (248°F) 100°C (212°F) 100°C (212°F)
50 NBR
FKM 200°C (392°F)(1) 120°C (248°F)(2) 200°C (392°F)
40
150°C (302°F)
Compound N0951-75 EPDM not compatible 150°C (302°F)
30 200°C (392°F)(5)
VMQ not compatible 100°C (212°F) 210°C (410°F)
20 FVMQ 175°C (347°F)(1) 100°C (212°F) 175°C (347°F)
10 ACM 150°C (302°F)(1) —–––(3) 150°C (302°F)
CR 100°C (212°F) 80°C (176°F)(4) 90°C (194°F)
0 (1) At these temperatures lubricants degrade after a short time.
100°C 125°C 150°C
(212°F) (257°F) (302°F) (2) Special compound.
ASTM D395 Method B .139 Cross-Section O-ring (3) High swelling at room temperature, hydrolysis at high temperatures.
25% Deflection 70 Hours @ Temperature (4) Medium to high swelling according to temperature.
(5) In water/steam.
Figure 3-7: Compression Set Resistance of Compound N0951-75 Table 3-18: Comparison of Elastomers in a Compatible
Contact Medium and Maximum Allowable Temperatures

High temperature silicones, such as Parker’s S0455-70, appear The Fluid Compatibility Tables can be used only as a guide-
superior to the fluorocarbons in air aging tests, but this is true line. The actual lifetime of a seal at low temperature depends
only when the test specimen is exposed to circulating air. on the application and on the medium to be sealed.
Among the nitrile compounds that provide good resistance to Temperature at the TR-10 point should be taken for all elas-
petroleum fluids, adequate low temperature properties, good tomers to determine a minimum functional temperature.
tensile strength, and good abrasion resistance for dynamic ap-
plications, compound N0951-75 has the best high temperature In practice, a static seal may have a minimum functional
properties. It is recommended for temperatures up to 135°C temperature of about 15°C (-8°F) lower than the TR-10 point,
(275°F) in air or petroleum oil. Its recommended low tempera- assuming a correctly designed gland.
ture limit is -32°C (-25°F). Figure 3-7, showing compression When air or other gases must be contained at temperatures
set values of this compound at various temperatures, demonstrates below -54°C (-65°F) (the low temperature limit recommended
its fine high temperature capabilities. for most silicones) compound S0383-70 may be used to reach
Where media compatibility is not optimum, elevated tem- temperatures to -115°C (-175°F) or lower.
peratures are additionally dangerous. As a direct comparison, If the permeability rate of silicones is thought to be too
Table 3-18 shows the maximum long-term temperature limits high for the application, bear in mind that the rate decreases
in a compatible contact medium. as the temperature goes down. For applications requiring
moderately high temperatures as well as low, it is sometimes
3.10.2 Low Temperature feasible to use two O-rings, S0383-70 to maintain the seal at
the extreme low temperature plus a butyl or fluorocarbon to
When cooled, elastomer compounds lose their elasticity.
reduce permeability when the seal is warmer.
At very low temperatures they harden and have glasslike
brittleness, and may shatter if struck a sharp blow. As long If a low temperature seal must have resistance to a fluid that at-
as they are not mechanically disturbed, they remain intact, tacks silicone, the answer may be a fluorosilicone. This material
and upon return to normal temperatures, regain their original has excellent resistance to a wide range of fluids, is usable up to
properties, the condition being fully reversible. 177°C (350°F) or higher in many applications, and will often
seal at temperatures as low as -73°C (-100°F). Its primary disad-
The low temperature flexibility of a given compound can be vantage is its lack of toughness, giving it limited usefulness as a
slightly improved if a contact medium causes swelling and dynamic seal, yet in certain dynamic applications, fluorosilicone
softening. Softening can occur through adsorption of fluid O-rings have served well as springs to activate a U-type shell of
that acts like a plasticizer. fluorocarbon elastomer or other wear resistant material.
As indicated by the Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section VII,
Other compounds will often seal at temperatures below their
silicone (S1224-70) and fluorosilicone (L1120-70) should be
normal low temperature limit by increasing the squeeze.
selected for low temperature applications. These compounds This procedure, however, is generally limited to static face
have poor wear resistance properties and are recommended only type designs, as a heavy squeeze makes a radial seal difficult
for static applications. Other elastomer types with good cold to assemble.
flexibility are CR, EPDM and special NBR compounds.

3-18 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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Where temperatures do not go below -40°C (-40°F), O-rings in ingredients that become volatile under high vacuum condi-
Parker’s low temperature fluorocarbon compound, VM835-75, tions and deposit as a thin film on all the surrounding sur-
can be utilized. Its other properties are similar to the standard faces. Table 3-19 indicates the weight loss of several Parker
fluorocarbon compounds. For temperatures down to -45°C Seal compounds due to vacuum exposure. Where sensitive
(-50°F), Parker’s V1289-75 should be considered. surfaces are involved, the higher weight loss compounds
should be avoided.

O-Ring Applications
The fluid medium often assists a low-temperature seal by acting
as a plasticizer, keeping the elastomer soft and flexible below In those compounds which show low weight loss, the small
its normal low temperature limit. This low temperature benefit amount of volatile material that is indicated is primarily water
is most likely to occur in fluids that swell the elastomer. vapor. It is not likely to deposit on nearby surfaces.
For normal low temperature limits of several Parker Seal
compounds, see Figure 2-3. 3.11.2 Vacuum Seal Considerations
The rate of flow of gases from the pressure side to the vacuum
3.11 Vacuum Applications side of an elastomeric seal depends to a great extent on how
the seal is designed. Compound B0612-70 has been tested in
Butyl rubber has long been the preferred material for vacuum face type O-ring seals, using grooves that provided 15%, 30%
applications. Among the rubber polymers used for seals, it has and 50% squeeze. It will be seen from the results plotted in
one of the lowest permeability rates for gases. This, together Figure 3-8 that increasing the squeeze reduced the leak rate
with the fact that butyl compounds have low outgassing or dramatically. Lubricating the O-rings with a high vacuum
weight loss characteristics, good physical properties for a grease also reduced the leakage of the lightly squeezed (15%)
seal, a useful temperature range of -59°C to 121°C (-75°F rings significantly, but the effect of the grease was consider-
to 250°F), and good moisture resistance, has established ably less at 30% squeeze. At 50% squeeze the effect of the
this preferred position. The need for special environmental grease was not detectable. Several other compounds were
considerations in addition to low permeability will often tested in this way with similar results.
change the recommendation. Service requirements such as
high temperature, radiation resistance, long term exposure Increased O-ring squeeze reduces permeability by increasing
to water or combinations of fluid media may take a careful the length of the path the gas has to travel (width of ring) and
study to determine the proper recommendation. decreasing the area available to the entry of the gas (groove
depth). Increasing the squeeze also tends to force the rubber
into any small irregularities in the mating metal surface, and
3.11.1 Vacuum Weight Loss
thus prevents leakage around the seal. The vacuum grease
It is particularly important in many space and other vacuum aids the seal by filling these microscopic pits and grooves,
applications that optical surfaces and electrical contact sur- thus reducing leakage around the ring, and at the same time
faces remain clean to serve their intended purpose. Some it may be changing the surface tension favorably with the
rubber compounds contain small quantities of oil or other effect of a reduced rate of surface absorption.

Weight Loss of Compounds in Vacuum

O-Ring Leak Rate
Test Samples: Approximately .075" thick 10
Vacuum Level: Approximately 1 x 10-6 torr
Time: 336 hours (two weeks) 9
Room Temperature Dry
Helium Leak Rate CC/SEC/LIN. In X 10-7

Compound Percent 8
Polymer
Number Weight Loss
7
B0612-70 Butyl .18
C0873-70 Neoprene .13 6
E0515-80 Ethylene Propylene .39
E0529-60 Ethylene Propylene .92 5
E0692-75 Ethylene Propylene .76 4
L0449-65 Fluorosilicone .28
L0677-70 Fluorosilicone .25 3
N0406-60 Nitrile 3.45 Lubricated With Dow
2
N0674-70 Nitrile 1.06 Corning DC11 Vacuum Grease
P0648-90 Polyurethane 1.29 1
S0455-70 Silicone .03
0
S0604-70 Silicone .31 15 30 50
V0747-75 Fluorocarbon .09 Squeeze — Percent
V0884-75 Fluorocarbon .07
V0894-90 Fluorocarbon .07 O-ring I.D. = 4.850, W. = .070, CPD = B0612-70 (Butyl)
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available. Temperature = 25°C (77°F), Pressure Differential = 4.1 Bar (60 psi)
Table 3-19: Weight Loss of Compounds in Vacuum
Figure 3-8: O-ring Leak Rate

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-19

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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It is recommended, therefore, that face type O-ring grooves Surface roughness of the gland surfaces is more critical in
be used whenever possible for static vacuum seals, using a sealing pressurized gases or vacuum, as a gas will find its
silicone grease as a seating lubricant and surface coating way through extremely minute passages. Therefore, surfaces
in addition to a heavy squeeze of the O-ring cross section. against which an O-ring must seal should have a surface
When a radial seal is required, or when a heavy squeeze is not roughness value smoother than usual. Surface finishes of
possible for some other reason, it becomes more important 16 RMS are quite common, but 32 RMS finishes have been
O-Ring Applications

to use a vacuum grease. used successfully also.

As an example of the benefit of high squeeze, we have found
that Gask-O-Seals and Integral Seals both make effective 3.11.3 Vacuum Leak Rate
vacuum seals because of the generous squeeze that is built To determine approximate leak rate for a vacuum seal, use the
into them. Gask-O-Seals have the added advantage of a high “Leak Rate Approximation” method in the section on Gases.
percent fill of the groove together with a shallow depth which Note that where the external pressure is one atmosphere, the
reduces the seal area that can be exposed to the effects of pressure differential across the seal (P) is 14.7 psi.
vacuum, and prevents the rubber sealing element from moving
due to vibration or pressure changes. An additional benefit of Many parameters should be observed to seal a vacuum. In
high percentage confinement is the fact that increased tem- general apply the following recommendations:
peratures do not increase the leak rate as much as normally • Select correct O-ring compound;
expected with a lesser confinement. • The surfaces to be sealed and the gland must have a
Although a very heavy squeeze is necessary to reduce leakage to significantly better surface finish than for “normal” seals
an absolute minimum in an O-ring seal, this kind of design may Table 3-20;
require heavy construction. When such a shallow gland is desirable, • The O-ring should fill the gland (nearly 100%, Figure
it must be wide enough to receive the full O-ring volume. 3-9). Larger contact areas are thereby created and the
diffusion rate through the elastomer is slowed;
For most purposes, the gland design shown for vacuum and
gasses in Design Chart 4-2 is a reasonable compromise in a • To increase efficiency, two seals can be fitted in tandem
face seal situation. The squeeze recommended in that design in separate glands;
chart, however, is sufficiently heavy that a male or female • The total leakage rate is reduced using a suitable vacuum
gland assembly with the same dimensions may be very dif- grease.
ficult to assemble. For these, then, Design Chart 4-1 and Requirements for the O-ring compound are:
Design Table 4-1 are generally followed.
• Low gas permeation rate
There is very little data available on dynamic vacuum seals, but • Good, i.e. low compression set
reasonably low leak rates have been reported using two O-ring
seals designed according to Design Chart 5-2 and Design Table • Compatibility of medium
5-2. In sealing gases and vacuum, it is quite feasible to use two • Temperature compatibility
O-ring seals in tandem, unlike reciprocating applications that • Low weight loss in vacuum
seal a liquid, where pressure traps are often a problem.
For more detailed information see Rate of gas leakage.
Surface Finish of Vacuum Gland
Surface Roughness of Vacuum Gland 3.12 Gases-Permeability
Load Area tp > 50% All elastomers are permeable to some extent, allowing air, other
A Contact Area B Gland Flanks gases under pressure or volatile liquids to penetrate into the seal
Ra Rmax Ra Rmax material and gradually escape on the low pressure side.
Vacuum 0.8 3.2 1.6 6.3 The permeability rate of various gases through different
to 10-8 Torr 0.4 1.6 1.6 6.3 rubber materials varies in an unpredictable way. In fact, the
to 10-11 Torr 0.10 0.40 1.6 6.3
permeability of a given base polymer will vary according to
Table 3-20 Surface Finish of Vacuum Gland (See also Figure 3-9) the proportions of the copolymer, among other things. Figure
3-10 shows this very clearly for one class of butadiene-acry-
lonitrile copolymers.
The permeability also varies with temperature, and though the
A
Atmosphere

rate increases with increasing temperature, there is no easily

B B
defined relationship between these two variables. Table 3-24
(found at the end of this section) lists some permeability rates
Vacuum
A at various temperatures that may be helpful in approximating
leak rates through O-ring seals.

Figure 3-9: Vacuum O-ring Gland

3-20 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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Effects of Acrylonitrile Content on Permeability Effect of Squeeze and Lubricant on O-ring Leak Rate
of Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers 2.0
at 25°C (77°F) 1.8
10- 6
Permeability Rate –

CO 2 1.6 Dry Ring

10-7 H2
CC/SEC/ATM

He 1.4

O-Ring Applications
O2 1.2

Factor Q
N2 1.0
-8
10
.8
.6 Lubricated Ring
10- 9 Dow Corning DC11
10 20 30 40 .4 Vacuum Grease
Acrylonitrile Content (%)
.2
Figure 3-10: Effect of Acrylonitrile Content on Permeability of 0
Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Copolymers at 25°C (77°F) from “Gas 10 20 30 40 50
Permeability of Hycar Polymers” by B. F. Goodrich Company Percent Squeeze
For helium leak rate, a variation of ±50% from the predicted
value should be anticipated to allow for limitations in the
3.12.1 Leak Rate Approximation accuracy of test equipment and available standards, and
The leak rate of a gas through an O-ring seal may be roughly for variations between samples.
approximated when the permeability of the gas through the Figure 3-11: Effect of Squeeze and Lubricant on O-Ring
particular elastomer is known for the temperature at which Leak Rate
the seal must function. The following formula is useful for
this approximation:
L = 0.7 F D P Q (1-S)² 3.13 Gases-High Pressure
where Because all elastomers are permeable, gases under pressure
penetrate into the seal material. Naturally, the greater the
L = Approximate leak rate of the seal, std. cc/sec. pressure, the larger the quantity of gas forced into the rub-
F = Permeability rate of the gas through the elastomer ber. When gas pressure around a seal is released after a soak
at the anticipated operating temperature, std. cc cm/ period, gas trapped inside the seal expands and may escape
cm² sec bar (Many of these permeability rates are harmlessly into the atmosphere, or it may form blisters on the
listed in Table 3-18, found at the end of this section) surface. Some of these may rupture, leaving cracks or pits.
D = Inside diameter of the O-ring, inches. This phenomenon is called explosive decompression.
P = Pressure differential across the seal, lb/in² The severity of the damage varies with pressure, the gas, the
Q = Factor depending on the percent squeeze and rubber compound, the size of the cross section, and other
whether the O-ring is lubricated or dry (from factors, such as pressure drop rate.
Figure 3-11) We rarely see problems when the pressure is below 27.6 Bar
S = Percent squeeze on the O-ring cross section (400 psi), and generally carbon dioxide causes more swell-
expressed as a decimal. (i.e., for a 20% squeeze, ing and damage than does nitrogen, as mentioned, although
S = .20) any pressurized gas may cause the condition. As mentioned,
elevated temperature increases the damage, as does a rapid
This formula gives only a rough order of magnitude
rate of pressure drop.
approximation because permeability varies between com-
pounds in the same polymer, and because the assumptions Where problems due to explosive decompression are antici-
on which it is based are not all exact. pated, it may help to use a small cross section O-ring, as smaller
cross sections are less subject to explosive decompression
These assumptions are:
problems than are large ones.
1. The cross section of a squeezed O-ring is rectangular.
In laboratory tests, it was found that soaking compound
2. The cross section area of a squeezed O-ring is the same
N0304-75 in MIL-H-5606 oil for 24 hours at 135°C (275°F)
as its area in the free condition.
prior to testing dramatically curtailed the severity of the
3. The permeability rate of a gas through an O-ring is pro- damage, presumably because the oil permeates the rubber
portional to the pressure differential across the seal. and reduces the amount of gas that can enter. This principle
For convenience, the formula contains mixed units. It should be helpful in many applications.
was set up this way because in the United States O-ring diam-
eters are usually given in inches, and pressures in pounds per
square inch while permeability figures are usually shown in
metric units. The 0.7 factor resolves these inconsistencies.

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-21

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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3.14 Acids 3.14.2 Silicone Fluids

Resistance of elastomeric compounds to acids often changes Silicone fluids are chemically very stable. Reference to the
dramatically with temperature and with concentration. Fluid Compatibility Table in Section VII, for instance, shows
that all types of seal polymers except silicone rubber may be
In strong solutions, the acid resistant fluorocarbon compound
used for silicone oils and greases. There are some individual
often maintains its properties rather well, particularly at room
compound exceptions.
O-Ring Applications

temperature. In the Fluid Compatibility Table in Section VII,

it is shown as the only compound that is likely to withstand Silicone fluids have a great tendency to remove plasticizer from
the effects of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids at compounds, causing them to shrink. The effect is most severe
room temperature. At higher temperatures in these acids, only with the combination of low viscosity silicone fluids in high
a perfluoroelastomer can be expected to maintain a seal on temperature environments. Because of this, military nitrile
a long term basis. compounds, and any other nitriles with a low temperature
limit below -40°C (-40°F) should not be used to seal silicone
In dilute solutions, an ethylene propylene compound is usu-
fluids as such low temperature nitriles must contain large
ally preferred, particularly if there is any elevated temperature
amounts of plasticizers. Other compounds, including the high
involved, because ethylene propylene has excellent resistance
temperature nitriles, should be tested before use to be certain
to water as well as quite good acid resistance.
they will not shrink more than one or two percent.
It is particularly important to test seal compounds under ser-
Silicone rubber is rated 3 (doubtful) in contact with silicone
vice conditions when a strong acid is to be sealed at elevated
fluids. The poor rating is given because silicone rubber tends
temperatures.
to absorb silicone fluids, resulting in swelling and softening
of the rubber. Occasionally, however, it is desirable to seal a
3.14.1 Plastic Contact Surfaces silicone fluid with a silicone rubber O-ring. This combination
Sometimes when an O-ring is used in contact with a plastic is generally acceptable if the viscosity of the silicone fluid is
material, the plastic will develop a series of fine cracks that 100,000 centistokes or more, and if the maximum temperature
weaken it. This “crazing” has been noticed most frequently will not exceed 149°C (300°F).
with polycarbonate resins, such as General Electric’s Lexan,
but it has also been found in other plastic materials. 3.14.3 Underwriters’ Laboratories
This effect is most severe when the plastic material is under Common Parker compounds are listed by Underwriters’ Labo-
the greatest stress, and may be caused by stress alone. For ratories (UL) under their “Recognized Compound Program.”
instance, compounds E0515-80, N0522-90 and V0709-90 The listing is based on UL testing of compound for specific
were rated “marginal,” but we feel that the problem with service requirements as shown in Table 3-22.
these elastomers may have been caused by their hardness,
as we would not expect a chemical effect between them and 3.14.4 Water and Steam Resistance
a polycarbonate resin.
Water seems like such an innocuous fluid; people are often
General Electric Company has tested a number of Parker surprised to learn that it can bring problems if it is not sealed
Seal Compounds with Lexan and found that the following with the proper O-ring material.
materials are generally acceptable in contact with Lexan.
After a long period of water immersion, many compounds will
See Table 3-21.
swell quite drastically. In a static seal, this may be quite accept-
able. Such a seal surely will not leak, and if it can be replaced
Compounds for Use Against Lexan(1) Surfaces with a new one after disassembly, the fact that it has become
Ethylene Propylene Fluorocarbon too large to put back into the gland cavity becomes only an in-
E0692-75 (marginal) V0680-70 teresting curiosity. In situations where the O-rings are routinely
E0515-80 (marginal) V0747-75 replaced before they have swelled more than a few percent, the
Nitrile V0709-90 (marginal) user may not even be aware of their strange behavior. Used as
N0602-70 Neoprene a long-term dynamic seal, however, this gradual swelling of
N0674-70 C0267-50
N0304-75 C0557-70
many compounds in water can cause a slow but very annoying
N0508-75 increase in both breakout and running friction.
Polyurethane
N0741-75 P0642-70 Figure 3-12 and Figure 3-13 illustrate this gradual swelling of
N0506-65 (marginal)
47-071 (marginal) Silicone a number of Parker Seal compounds when exposed to water at
N0552-90 (marginal) S0317-60 two different temperatures. From these curves it will be seen that
S0469-40
S0604-70 E0540-80 ethylene propylene rubber is the single compound
(1) General Electric Trademark tested that had virtually no swell. This is our recommended
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available. compound for water and steam for temperatures up to 149°C
Table 3-21: Compounds for Use Against Lexan Surfaces (300°F). Where exposure to steam and hot air alternate, as in
tire presses, it serves better than in either one alone.

3-22 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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Underwriters’ Laboratories Approved Services

Suitable use in UL262

Diesel Fuel, Fuel Oil,
MFG or Natural Gas

gasket applications
Dry Chemical Carbon
Laundry Detergent
Fire Extinguishing

Suitable for UL25

Gasoline/Alcohol

Heated Fuel Oil

Lubricating Oil

Suitable use in
Dishwashing

Dioxide Water
applications

O-Ring Applications
Anhydrous

Detergents
Naptha or

Ammonia
Kerosene

MPS Gas
Gasoline

UL 1081
Blends*

LP-Gas
Agents
Service A B C D E F G H I J L M
EA454-50 (3575)
KA170-55 (21105)
LM159-70
N0299-50
N0497-70
N0674-70
N1499-70
N1585-70
N1500-75
N1591-75 (67357)
NF162-65 (1106)
N1565-75 (67027)
N1527-70 (67147)
V0747-75
VA151-75 (19357)
V0884-75
V1163-75
V1226-75
V1262-65
V1263-75
V1436-75
*Contact factory for specific ratios of alcohol (methyl and/or ethyl) and gasoline.
Note: Material certifications are subject to change. Please contact Parker’s O-Ring Division for more information.
Table 3-22: Underwriters’ Laboratories – JMLU2 – Gaskets and Seals

For even greater resistance to steam, Parker has developed With sealing steam or water with ethylene propylene rubber, it
compound E0962-90. This ethylene propylene compound is important to remember that it will deteriorate when exposed
showed very little change in physical properties after 70 to petroleum lubricants. When lubrication is required, silicone
hours exposure to steam at 288°C (550°F). oil, glycerin, or ethylene glycol are suggested.

Room Temperature 70°C (158° F)

30 300
N0406-60
25 250
N0398-70
20 200
Percent Swell

Percent Swell

N0103-70
C0557-70 150
15
N0219-70
10 N0103-70 100
N0398-70
5 50 C0557-70
N0406-60
E0540-80 E0540-80
0 0

1 2 3 Time — Years

Time — Years

Figure 3-12: Water and Steam Resistance at Room Temperature Figure 3-13: Water and Steam Resistance at 70°C (158°F)

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-23

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
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3.15 Semiconductor
PSI Bar
The semiconductor industry is utilizing increased levels of Modulus Curves for Drive Belt Compounds
toxic fluids and gases, which place extreme demands upon 34.5 500
seal design and materials. Not only to prevent system con-
tamination from the external environment, but they must
not contribute any contaminates to the system in their own 27.6 400
O-Ring Applications

right. Specific needs are required by each of the four primary

0
environments employed by the semiconductor industry: 4-7
60
S0
• Gases & Vacuum • Thermal 20.7 300
70
42-
• Plasma • Wet Processing P06 7-70
5
C05
5
51-6
Working conditions: E07
13.8 200
Temperatures: up to 300°C (572°F)
Pressures: vacuum to 10-9 10.4 150
8.3 120
Contact our Application Engineering Department regarding 6.9 100
6.2 90
Semiconductor sealing applications.

3.16 inPHorm Seal Design and Material Selection 0 10 20 30 40 50

Software Percent Stretch
Parker recommends utilizing our inPHorm design software to
guide the user through the design and selection of an O-ring Figure 3-14: Modulus Curves for Drive Belt Compounds
and corresponding seal gland. Parker’s inPHorm not only
addresses standard o-ring sizes, but will allow the user to life are especially important in a drive belt, but several com-
custom design O-ring glands and seals specifically for their pounds must be available to provide resistance to the various
application. To obtain inPHorm software contact the O-Ring fluids and temperature ranges that may be encountered.
Division, Parker Product Information at 1-800-C-PARKER
or download from www.parkerorings.com. If inPHorm is not 3.17.2 Drive Belt Compound Selection
readily available manual calculations can be performed. An O-ring compound intended for drive belt service should
be selected for minimum stretch relaxation (tensile set) and
3.17 Drive Belts maximum dynamic properties.
3.17.1 Introduction The choice of elastomer is determined by the physical
O-rings and lathe-cut rings are being used extensively as low environment:
power drive belts because they are inexpensive and simple to • Contact medium, ozone, oil, grease.
install. Due to their resilient nature, they do not require the
• Service temperatures.
use of belt tensioning devices, and pulley locations do not
need to be extremely accurate. The general requirements for elastomer drive belt materials are:
For most elastic drive belt applications, O-rings are preferred • Good aging resistance.
over lathe-cut rings for a number of reasons: • Wear resistance.
(a) Ease of installation. • Relatively low tendency to return to original shape under
(b) Uniform stress distribution. tension and temperature caused by friction; this means
a higher resistance to the Joule effect.
(c) Ready availability of many standard sizes.
• Good flexibility.
(d) Flexibility of usage.
(e) No sharp corners on the belt.
3.17.3 Available Drive Belt Compounds
Lathe-cuts are often completely adequate for the task, but they The information below describes the most suitable drive belt
are more likely to require special tooling, making the cost compounds available. The Application Engineering Depart-
prohibitive when only a small quantity is needed. For large ment should be contacted for additional information.
quantities, the tooling cost becomes insignificant, and overall
cost savings are generally realized in using lathe-cut rings. E0751-65 has been developed specifically for drive belt use.
Due to the special manufacturing techniques employed, all Performance data from production samples show that it has
lathe-cut applications are reviewed by the O-Ring Division’s properties superior to O-ring compounds recommended for-
Application Engineering Department. merly, and E0751-65 has become the “standard’’ drive belt
compound as a result. The most important of its properties are
Parker Seal is conducting a continuing program of testing low stress relaxation combined with reliability and resistance
compounds for drive belt service, and developing new drive to high temperature. A limitation that prevents its use in a few
belt compounds to optimize the properties that are most needed applications is its lack of resistance to petroleum fluids.
in a drive belt. Minimum stress relaxation and maximum flex
3-24 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division
2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
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Parker Seal Elastic Drive Belt Compound Data(1)

Compound Number DBA(5) E0751-65 DBA(5) P0642-70 DBA(5) C0557-70 DBA(5) S0604-70
Specific Gravity, G 1.13 1.29 1.47 1.43
Dynamic Stress Relaxation(2)
Initial Stress, 120 PSI 13% 19% 14% 21%
Temp °C (°F)

O-Ring Applications
Static Stress Relaxation(3) 24 (75) 14% 21% 14% 2%
Initial Stress, 120 PSI 66 (150) 18% 29% 19% 5%
82 (180) 20% 36% 22% 2%
Flex Life Rating Good Excellent Acceptable Excellent
Maximum Temperature, °C (°F) 82 (180) 54 (130) 82 (180) 149 (300)
Hardness, Shore A, Durometer 65±5 70±5 70±5 70±5
Tensile Strength, Bar (PSI) 135.9 (1970) 302.2 (4380) 138.0 (2000) 62.1 (900)
Elongation, % 385 535 250 160
Modulus @ 100%, Elongation, Bar (psi) 30.4 (440) 29 (420) 38.0 (550) 41.1 (600)
Resistance to:(4)
Petroleum Fluids Poor Excellent Good Poor
Silicone Fluids Excellent Excellent Excellent Poor
Water Excellent Fair Good Good
Ozone Excellent Excellent Good Excellent
Abrasion Good Excellent Good Poor
(1) All values shown are typical. Do not use for specification limits. Specimens: 2-153 O-rings.
(2) After three days dynamic testing at room temperature Motor pulley pitch diameter: .611", speed: 1740 rpm. Cast iron driven pulley pitch diameter: 2.623".
Duty cycle 3 minutes on, 15 seconds off. Load: inertia of cast iron pulley.
(3) After 48 hours static testing at temperature indicated. Two ½" diameter pulleys.
(4) For information on resistance of these materials to other fluids, see Fluid Compatibility Table in Section VII.
(5) When ordering parts for drive belt applications, the letters “DBA” precede the part number. Example: DBAS0604-70 2-250.
Table 3-23: Parker Seal Elastic Drive Belt Compound Data

Some O-ring seal compounds have been used successfully because these data are needed in drive belt design. When drive
in many drive belt applications. The three materials described belts may contact fluids not listed in Table 3-23, refer to the
below have been evaluated specifically for this type of use Fluid Compatibility Tables in Section VII. In any case, contact of
and gave superior performance under the conditions stated: elastomeric drive belts with any liquid must be kept to an absolute
minimum. Almost any liquid on the belt will reduce friction,
P0642-70 has been a very successful material for drive belt ap-
causing slippage. Since contact with fluids is seldom encountered
plications. It is recommended for severe conditions where extra
in drive belt practice, this becomes a minor consideration.
abrasion resistance, long life, and high stress values are required
and service temperatures do not exceed 54°C (130°F). Its major
attribute is reliability, which is due to the excellent flow charac- 3.18 Applications Summary
teristics of polyurethane that minimize the possibility of poor In the foregoing discussions on special applications, there
knitting. It is a particularly tough material, having high tensile are necessarily many references to problems and failures, but
strength and excellent resistance to abrasion, wear, and fatigue. the object of pointing out possible pitfalls is to indicate to
the designer the steps he can take to avoid them. The object
C0873-70 is recommended where the service temperature exceeds
of this whole reference manual, then, is the very positive one
54°C (130°F) and there is a possibility of contact with petroleum
of showing how to produce reliable, economical, effective
fluids. It has outstanding resistance to stress relaxation at tem-
O-ring seals for a diversity of uses.
peratures as high as 82°C (180°F), though its resistance to fatigue
is not as good as other Parker drive belt compounds. An important factor in most O-ring seals is the rubber com-
pound from which it is made. For the special applications
S0604-70 is the compound generally selected for high tem-
presented in this chapter, many specific compound recom-
perature use or for applications where the black color of the
mendations are included. Parker Compound recommendations
other drive belt compounds is not permissible. Being a sili-
based on fluid type alone will be found in the Fluid Compat-
cone, however, it does not have the tensile strength or resis-
ibility Tables in Section VII.
tance to wear and abrasion of the other compounds. The user,
therefore, should not sacrifice these important properties by It is an excellent practice, after selecting one or more likely
specifying an unrealistically high temperature to provide a materials, to study those portions of the Elastomers section that
“safety factor”. Usually some excess temperature can be apply to that material. Background information is given there
tolerated if the exposure time is of short duration and is re- that will give the designer a better understanding of the gen-
peated only a few times during the life of the drive belt. It eral properties of each of the major polymers, and help him
should be remembered that the physical properties of any select wisely when a choice or compromise must be made. The
compound will be poorer at elevated temperature. explanations of physical properties and how they are tested are
also necessary for an adequate understanding of rubber materi-
Table 3-23 compares the important properties of these rubber
als and their behaviour in different operating environments.
materials. Specific gravity and stress relaxation are listed first

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-25

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Acetone Silicone 25 77 14,850 I
Acetylene Butyl 25 77 1.26 I
Acetylene Butyl 50 122 5.74 I
O-Ring Applications

Acetylene Natural 25 77 74.5 I

Acetylene Natural 50 122 192 I
Acetylene Nitrile 25 77 18.7 I
Acetylene Nitrile 50 122 67.4 I
Air Butyl Room 0.2 DC
Air Butyl 200 392 100 DC
Air Fluorosilicone Room 48.4 DC
Air Natural Room 6.7 DC
Air Natural 200 392 262 DC
Air Silicone Room 18.0 to 25.6 DC
Air Silicone 200 392 74 DC
Air Polyurethane Room 0.5 DC
Ammonia Silicone 25 77 4396 I
Argon Butyl (B0318-70) 35 95 1.19 A
Argon Butyl (B0318-70) 82 180 9.04 A
Argon Butyl (B0318-70) 124 255 36.1 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene 38 100 11.3 to 22.9 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 40 104 22.9 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 38 100 15.58 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene 93 200 57.0 to 108.7 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 94 202 105 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 93 199 77 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene 149 300 170 to 375 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 155 311 375 A
Argon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 149 300 280 A
Argon Fluorocarbon-Viton(4) 93 200 31 A
Argon Natural 25 77 17.2 I
Argon Neoprene 36 97 0.67 I
Argon Neoprene 38 100 18 A
Argon Neoprene 52 126 1.42 I
Argon Neoprene 86 187 6.46 I
Argon Nitrile 38 100 1.60 to 3.88 A
Argon Nitrile (N0741-75) 39 103 2.06 A
Argon Nitrile 79 175 6.39 to 16.7 A
Argon Nitrile (N0741-75) 80 176 7.36 A
Argon Nitrile 121 250 13.7 to 62.3 A
Argon Nitrile (N0741-75) 118 245 34 A
Argon Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 38 100 8.28 A
Argon Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 91 195 40.66 A
Argon Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 153 307 327 A
Argon Polyurethane (P0642-70) 39 103 1.5 A
Argon Polyurethane (P0648-90) 39 102 0.99 A
Argon Polyurethane (P0642-70) 66 151 5.45 A
Argon Polyurethane (P0648-90) 67 152 4.07 A
Argon Polyurethane (P0642-70) 94 202 20.8 A
Argon Polyurethane (P0648-90) 94 201 7.3 A
Argon SBR 38 100 1.09 to 5.24 A
Argon SBR (G0244-70) 38 101 5.24 A
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

3-26 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Argon SBR (G0244-70) 84 183 25.5 A
Argon SBR (G0244-70) 122 251 138 A
Argon Silicone 38 100 230 to 487 A

O-Ring Applications
Argon Silicone (S0684-70) 38 101 347 A
Argon Silicone 93 200 454 to 1500 A
Argon Silicone (S0684-70) 91 195 454 A
Argon Silicone 149 300 566 to 2840 A
Argon Silicone (S0684-70) 156 313 1020 A
Argon Silicone Room 450 I
Argon PTFE 149 300 12 A
Benzene Silicone 25 77 14300 I
Butane Silicone 25 77 6750 I
Butane Silicone 30 86 12980 I
Butane Silicone 40 104 12380 I
Butane Silicone 50 122 11630 I
Butane Silicone 60 140 11030 I
Butane Silicone 70 158 11330 I
iso-Butane Silicone 30 86 7250 to 12980 I
iso-Butane Silicone 40 104 7058 to 12380 I
iso-Butane Silicone 50 122 6861 to 11630 I
iso-Butane Silicone 60 140 6691 to 11030 I
iso-Butane Silicone 70 158 6541 to 11330 I
Carbon Dioxide Butadiene 25 77 36.3 to 103.6 I
Carbon Dioxide Butadiene 30 86 103.5 I
Carbon Dioxide Butadiene 50 122 197.4 I
Carbon Dioxide Fluorosilicone Room 514 DC
Carbon Dioxide Fluorosilicone 26 79 444 I
Carbon Dioxide Natural 25 77 98.3 to 116 I
Carbon Dioxide Natural 30 86 98.3 I
Carbon Dioxide Natural 50 122 218 I
Carbon Dioxide Neoprene 22.3 72 9.98 I
Carbon Dioxide Neoprene 25 77 13.9 to 19.2 I
Carbon Dioxide Neoprene 30 86 14.0 to 18.8 I
Carbon Dioxide Neoprene 50 122 47.6 I
Carbon Dioxide Nitrile 20 68 5.63 I
Carbon Dioxide Nitrile 30 86 47.7 I
Carbon Dioxide Polysulfide 23 73 7.95 I
Carbon Dioxide Polysulfide 25 77 2.37 I
Carbon Dioxide Polyurethane 20 68 10.5 I
Carbon Dioxide Polyurethane 30 86 5.4 to 30.0 I
Carbon Dioxide Silicone 20.5 69 1028 to 1530 I
Carbon Dioxide Silicone 25 77 2280 I
Carbon Dioxide Silicone 32 90 1025 to 1545 I
Carbon Dioxide Silicone 43.5 110 1043 to 1538 I
Carbon Dioxide SBR 25 77 92.8 I
Carbon Dioxide SBR 30 86 93.0 I
Carbon Dioxide FEP PTFE 25 77 7.51 I
Carbon Monoxide Butadiene 25 77 4.64 I
Carbon Monoxide Natural 25 77 11.8 I
Carbon Monoxide Silicone Room 255 I
Carbon Tetrachloride Silicone Room 52500 I
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-27

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Carbonyl Chloride Silicone Room 11250 I
Ethane Butadiene 25 77 24.97 I
Ethane Silicone 25 77 1875 I
O-Ring Applications

Ethylene Silicone Room 1013 I

Formaldehyde Silicone Room 8830 I
Freon 11 Silicone 25 77 11250 I
Freon 12 Butyl 25 77 1.05 to 55.5 I
Freon 12 Fluorocarbon 25 77 2.4 to 63 I
Freon 12 Neoprene 25 77 8.78 I
Freon 12 Nitrile 25 77 .3 to 5.5 I
Freon 12 Polyurethane 25 77 14.55 I
Freon 12 Silicone 25 77 1035 I
Freon 22 Butyl 25 77 3.0 I
Freon 22 Fluorocarbon 25 77 57 I
Freon 22 Neoprene 25 77 19.5 I
Freon 22 Nitrile 25 77 353 I
Freon 22 Polyurethane 25 77 225 I
Helium Butadiene 25 77 11.8 I
Helium Butyl (B0612-70) 25 77 6.5 P
Helium Butyl (B0612-70) 80 176 52.0 P
Helium Butyl (B0612-70) 150 302 240 P
Helium EP (E0515-80) 25 77 19.7 P
Helium EP (E0515-80) 80 176 61.0 P
Helium EP (E0515-80) 150 302 320 P
Helium Fluorocarbon 30 86 12.8 I
Helium Fluorocarbon (V0747-75) 25 77 12.7 P
Helium Fluorocarbon (V0747-75) 80 176 131 P
Helium Fluorocarbon (V0747-75) 150 302 490 P
Helium Fluorosilicone (L0449-65) 25 77 143 P
Helium Fluorosilicone (L0449-65) 80 176 461 P
Helium Fluorosilicone (L0449-65) 150 302 973 P
Helium Natural 25 77 17.25 to 32.3 I
Helium Natural 30 86 27.0 I
Helium Natural 34 93 43.0 I
Helium Natural 50 122 51.6 I
Helium Neoprene 0 32 1.7 I
Helium Neoprene 25 77 .6 to 7.5 I
Helium Neoprene (C0557-70) 25 77 6.5 P
Helium Neoprene 30.4 87 5.9 I
Helium Neoprene 41.5 107 11.8 I
Helium Neoprene 57 135 26.3 I
Helium Neoprene 73 163 36.0 I
Helium Neoprene (C0557-70) 80 176 59.6 P
Helium Neoprene 101.3 214 70.5 I
Helium Neoprene (C0557-70) 150 302 187 P
Helium Nitrile 25 77 7.40 I
Helium Nitrile (N0674-70) 25 77 8.0 P
Helium Nitrile 50 122 19.3 I
Helium Nitrile (N0674-70) 80 176 65.9 P
Helium Nitrile (N0674-70) 150 302 252 P
Helium Nitroso NR3 1050 I
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

3-28 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Helium Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 25 77 16.3 P
Helium Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 80 176 110 P
Helium Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 150 302 310 P

O-Ring Applications
Helium Polyurethane (P0642-70) 25 77 3.6 P
Helium Polyurethane (P0642-70) 80 176 33.5 P
Helium SBR 25 77 17.3 I
Helium Silicone 25 77 263 I
Helium Silicone (S0604-70) 25 77 238 P
Helium Silicone 30 86 173 I
Helium Silicone (S0604-70) 80 176 560 P
Helium Silicone (S0604-70) 150 302 1250 P
Helium TFE PTFE 25 77 523 (sic) I
Helium TFE PTFE 30 86 90.0 I
Helium TFE PTFE 50 122 128 I
Helium FEP PTFE 25 77 30.1 I
Helium FEP PTFE 30 86 46.5 I
Helium FEP PTFE 50 122 58.5 I
Helium FEP PTFE 75 167 94.4 I
Helium FEP PTFE 100 212 157 I
Hexane Silicone 25 77 7050 I
Hydrogen Butadiene 25 77 31.6 I
Hydrogen Butadiene 50 122 76.0 I
Hydrogen Butyl (B0318-70) 35 95 16.1 A
Hydrogen Butyl (B0318-70) 82 180 68.2 A
Hydrogen Butyl (B0318-70) 124 255 273 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene 38 100 28.9 to 111 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 40 104 111 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 38 100 45.3 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene 93 200 187 to 544 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 94 202 544 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 94 201 252 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene 152 306 599 to 1730 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 155 311 1730 A
Hydrogen Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 151 304 591 A
Hydrogen Fluorocarbon-Viton4 93 200 160 A
Hydrogen Neoprene 38 100 180 A
Hydrogen Nitrile 38 100 10.3 to 32.1 A
Hydrogen Nitrile (N0741-75) 39 103 11.9 A
Hydrogen Nitrile 79 175 47.0 to 125 A
Hydrogen Nitrile (N0741-75) 80 176 88.2 A
Hydrogen Nitrile 121 250 98.8 to 330 A
Hydrogen Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 38 100 49.6 A
Hydrogen Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 91 195 174 A
Hydrogen Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 153 307 927 A
Hydrogen Polysulfide 25 77 1.2 I
Hydrogen Polyurethane (P0642-70) 39 103 19.3 A
Hydrogen Polyurethane (P0648-90) 39 102 4.89 A
Hydrogen Polyurethane (P0642-70) 66 151 70.4 A
Hydrogen Polyurethane (P0648-90) 67 152 21.3 A
Hydrogen Polyurethane (P0642-70) 94 202 155 A
Hydrogen SBR 25 77 30.1 I
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-29

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Hydrogen SBR (G0244-70) 38 101 46.2 A
Hydrogen SBR (G0244-70) 84 183 245 A
Hydrogen SBR (G0244-70) 122 251 539 A
O-Ring Applications

Hydrogen Silicone Room 188 to 488 I

Hydrogen Silicone 25 77 495 I
Hydrogen Silicone (S0684-70) 39 103 1010 A
Hydrogen Silicone 93 200 1570 to 2070 A
Hydrogen Silicone (S0684-70) 91 195 2070 A
Hydrogen Silicone 149 300 3300 to 8760 A
Hydrogen Silicone (S0684-70) 156 313 4300 A
Hydrogen FEP PTFE -74 -101 .0113 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE -46 -51 .180 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE -18 0 1.05 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 10 50 3.90 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 25 77 9.89 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 38 100 10.1 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 50 122 24.7 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 66 151 22.5 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 75 167 49.5 I
Hydrogen FEP PTFE 100 212 89.9 I
Hydrogen TFE PTFE 25 77 17.8 I
Hydrogen TFE PTFE 30 86 42.0 I
Hydrogen TFE PTFE 50 122 63.8 I
Hydrogen Sulfide Silicone 25 77 4870 I
Iodine Silicone Room 75000 I
Krypton Butyl (B0318-70) 35 95 1.39 A
Krypton Butyl (B0318-70) 82 180 10.3 A
Krypton Butyl (B0318-70) 124 255 54.7 A
Krypton Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 40 104 38.6 A
Krypton Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 38 101 16.6 A
Krypton Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 94 202 184 A
Krypton Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 94 201 91.2 A
Krypton Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 155 311 324 A
Krypton Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 151 304 289 A
Krypton Fluorocarbon-Viton(4) 93 200 25 A
Krypton Natural 35 95 47.8 I
Krypton Neoprene 38 100 32 A
Krypton Nitrile 38 100 .935 to 4.40 A
Krypton Nitrile (N0741-75) 39 103 1.82 A
Krypton Nitrile 79 175 10.7 to 30.1 A
Krypton Nitrile (N0741-75) 80 176 11.6 A
Krypton Nitrile 121 250 27.8 to 86.6 A
Krypton Nitrile (N0741-75) 118 245 48.9 A
Krypton Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 38 100 14.8 A
Krypton Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 91 195 90.4 A
Krypton Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 153 307 464 A
Krypton Polyurethane (P0642-70) 39 103 2.06 A
Krypton Polyurethane (P0648-90) 39 102 .783 A
Krypton Polyurethane (P0642-70) 66 151 6.53 A
Krypton Polyurethane (P0648-90) 67 152 4.35 A
Krypton Polyurethane (P0642-70) 94 202 31.9 A
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

3-30 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Krypton Polyurethane (P0648-90) 94 201 36.8 A
Krypton SBR 38 100 7.35 to 30.8 A
Krypton SBR (G0244-70) 38 101 7.35 A

O-Ring Applications
Krypton SBR 82 180 43.0 to 82.1 A
Krypton SBR (G0244-70) 84 183 43.0 A
Krypton SBR 121 250 144 to 276 A
Krypton SBR (G0244-70) 122 251 144 A
Krypton Silicone Room 735 I
Krypton Silicone 38 100 521 to 708 A
Krypton Silicone (S0684-70) 38 101 708 A
Krypton Silicone 93 200 749 A
Krypton Silicone (S0684-70) 91 195 1440 A
Krypton Silicone 149 300 1030 to 3190 A
Krypton Silicone (S0684-70) 156 313 2320 A
Krypton PTFE 149 300 24 A
Methane Butadiene 25 77 9.77 I
Methane Butyl 25 77 .56 I
Methane Fluorocarbon 30 86 .12 I
Methane Natural 25 77 22.7 I
Methane Neoprene 25 77 2.6 I
Methane Nitrile 25 77 2.4 I
Methane Silicone 25 77 705 I
Methane Silicone 30 86 443 I
Methane FEP PTFE 25 77 .702 to .83 I
Methane FEP PTFE 30 86 1.05 I
Methane FEP PTFE 50 122 2.02 I
Methane FEP PTFE 75 167 4.50 I
Methane FEP PTFE 100 212 8.99 I
Methane TFE PTFE 30 86 1.13 I
Methane TFE PTFE 50 122 3.0 I
Methanol Silicone Room 10430 I
Neon Natural 35 95 8.5 I
Nitric Oxide Silicone Room 450 I
Nitrogen Butadiene 25 77 3.0 I
Nitrogen Butadiene 25 77 4.85 I
Nitrogen Butadiene 50 122 14.3 I
Nitrogen Butyl 25 77 .244 I
Nitrogen Butyl 30 86 .234 I
Nitrogen Butyl 50 122 1.25 I
Nitrogen Fluorocarbon 30 86 .233 I
Nitrogen Fluorocarbon 50 122 .975 I
Nitrogen Fluorosilicone Room 40 DC
Nitrogen Isoprene 25 77 5.3 I
Nitrogen Isoprene 50 122 16.8 I
Nitrogen Natural Room 4.8 DC
Nitrogen Natural 25 77 6.04 to 9.9 I
Nitrogen Natural 30 86 6.06 to 7.9 I
Nitrogen Natural 50 122 19.1 I
Nitrogen Neoprene 25 77 .01 to 2 I
Nitrogen Neoprene 30 86 .885 I
Nitrogen Neoprene 54 129 4.35 I
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-31

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Nitrogen Neoprene 85 185 16.7 I
Nitrogen Nitrile 20 68 .46 I
Nitrogen Nitrile 25 77 .177 to 1.89 I
O-Ring Applications

Nitrogen Nitrile 30 86 .176 to .795 I

Nitrogen Nitrile 50 122 1.07 to 6.9 I
Nitrogen Nitrile 79 174 13.4 I
Nitrogen Nitroso NR3 108 I
Nitrogen SBR 25 77 4.7 I
Nitrogen SBR 30 86 4.76 I
Nitrogen Silicone Room 75 to 120 I
Nitrogen Silicone Room 210 I
Nitrogen Silicone 30 86 113 to 188 I
Nitrogen Silicone 50 122 240 I
Nitrogen TFE PTFE 25 77 2.4 I
Nitrogen TFE PTFE 30 86 3.9 I
Nitrogen TFE PTFE 50 122 7.5 I
Nitrogen FEP PTFE 25 77 1.44 I
Nitrogen FEP PTFE 30 86 1.9 I
Nitrogen FEP PTFE 50 122 4.4 I
Nitrogen FEP PTFE 75 167 9.2 I
Nitrogen FEP PTFE 100 212 18.5 I
Nitrogen Dioxide Silicone Room 5701 I
Nitrogen Oxides TFE PTFE NR3 3475 I
Nitrogen Oxides FEP PTFE NR3 485 I
Nitrogen Tetroxide TFE PTFE 25 77 0.050 to 1.00 I
Nitrogen Tetroxide TFE PTFE 28 82 12.4 I
Nitrogen Tetroxide TFE PTFE 28 82 3.9 I
Nitrous Oxide Silicone Room 3263 I
Octane Silicone 25 77 6450 I
Oxygen Butadiene 25 77 8.5 I
Oxygen Butadiene 25 77 14.3 I
Oxygen Butadiene 30 86 14.3 I
Oxygen Butadiene 50 122 35.5 I
Oxygen Butyl Room .98 to 1.05 I
Oxygen Butyl 25 77 .89 to 4.2 I
Oxygen Butyl 30 86 .98 I
Oxygen Butyl 50 122 3.98 I
Oxygen Fluorocarbon 26 79 1.7 I
Oxygen Fluorosilicone Room 81.3 DC
Oxygen Fluorosilicone Room 82.5 I
Oxygen Fluorosilicone 26 79 78 I
Oxygen Natural Room 13.0 DC
Oxygen Natural 25 77 17.5 I
Oxygen Natural 30 86 17.48 I
Oxygen Natural 50 122 46.4 I
Oxygen Neoprene 23 73 3.1 I
Oxygen Neoprene 25 77 3.0 I
Oxygen Neoprene 25 77 1.13 I
Oxygen Neoprene 38 100 13 A
Oxygen Neoprene 50 122 4.73 I
Oxygen Nitrile 25 77 .72 to 6.15 I
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

3-32 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Oxygen Nitrile 30 86 .72 I
Oxygen Nitrile 50 122 3.45 to 18.9 I
Oxygen Nitrile 20-30 68-86 .72 to 6.2 I

O-Ring Applications
Oxygen Polysulfide 23 73 5.78 I
Oxygen Polysulfide 25 77 .22 I
Oxygen Polyurethane 32 90 1.3 to 4.0 I
Oxygen Polyurethane Room .80 DC
Oxygen SBR 25 77 12.8 I
Oxygen Silicone Room 330 to 450 I
Oxygen Silicone 21 70 195 to 443 I
Oxygen Silicone 32 90 234 I
Oxygen Silicone 34 93 346 I
Oxygen Silicone 44 111 257 to 384 I
Oxygen TFE PTFE 25 77 7.5 I
Oxygen FEP PTFE 25 77 3.37 I
Oxygen FEP PTFE 50 122 9.22 I
Oxygen FEP PTFE 75 167 17.99 I
Oxygen FEP PTFE 100 212 31.48 I
Pentane Silicone 25 77 15000 I
Pentane Silicone 30 86 32600 I
Pentane Silicone 40 104 28900 I
Pentane Silicone 50 122 25700 I
Pentane Silicone 60 140 22900 I
Pentane Silicone 70 158 20700 I
Phenol Silicone 25 77 8100 I
Propane Butadiene 25 77 22 to 40.5 I
Propane Butyl 25 77 1.28 I
Propane Natural 25 77 126 I
Propane Neoprene 25 77 5.4 I
Propane Polysulfide 25 77 1.09 I
Propane Silicone 25 77 3080 I
Pyridene Silicone 25 77 1580 I
Sulfur Dioxide Silicone Room 11250 I
Toluene Silicone 25 77 6850 I
Water Vapor Ethylene Propylene Room 550 to 3700 A
Water Vapor Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) Room 550 A
Xenon Butyl 25 77 .83 to 3.0 I
Xenon Butyl (B0318-70) 35 95 .70 A
Xenon Butyl (B0318-70) 82 180 6.73 A
Xenon Butyl (B0318-70) 124 255 38.1 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene 38 100 12.2 to 44.5 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 40 104 44.5 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 38 100 37.8 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 93 200 112 to 214 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 94 202 195 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 94 201 167 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene 149 300 260 to 520 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0529-65) 155 311 520 A
Xenon Ethylene Propylene (E0692-75) 151 304 460 A
Xenon Fluorocarbon 93 200 10 A
Xenon Natural 25 77 17.3 to 32.2 I
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division 3-33

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com
 < Back Section Contents Table of Contents Search Next >
Parker O-Ring Handbook

Gas Permeability Rates

Temperature Permeability (1)
Gas or Liquid Elastomer °C °F x 10-8 Source (2)
Xenon Natural 35 95 72.5 I
Xenon Neoprene 25 77 3.4 to 7.5 I
O-Ring Applications

Xenon Neoprene 38 100 40 A

Xenon Nitrile 25 77 .60 to 2.85 I
Xenon Nitrile 38 100 .94 A
Xenon Nitrile (N0741-75) 38 101 3.31 A
Xenon Nitrile 79 175 7.83 to 36.8 A
Xenon Nitrile (N0741-75) 81 178 13.2 A
Xenon Nitrile 121 250 38.5 to 101 A
Xenon Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 38 100 10.9 A
Xenon Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 91 195 108 A
Xenon Polyacrylate (A0607-70) 153 307 549 A
Xenon Polyurethane (P0642-70) 39 103 2.57 A
Xenon Polyurethane (P0648-90) 39 102 1.03 A
Xenon Polyurethane (P0642-70) 66 151 9.58 A
Xenon Polyurethane (P0648-90) 67 152 6.58 A
Xenon Polyurethane (P0642-70) 94 202 43.0 A
Xenon Polyurethane (P0648-90) 94 201 24.5 A
Xenon SBR (G0244-70) 38 101 14.9 A
Xenon SBR (G0244-70) 84 183 66.2 A
Xenon SBR (G0244-70) 122 251 173 A
Xenon Silicone Room 1523 I
Xenon Silicone 38 100 109 to 1220 A
Xenon Silicone (S0684-70) 38 101 1220 A
Xenon Silicone 93 200 1290 to 2180 A
Xenon Silicone (S0684-70) 91 195 2180 A
Xenon Silicone (S0684-70) 148 299 700 A
Xenon Silicone 149 300 1110 (sic) to 2200 A
Xenon Silicone (S0684-70) 144 291 2200 A
Xenon PTFE 149 300 5.3 A
(1) Std cc cm/cm2 sec. bar
(2) “I” denotes information from “Permeability Data for Aerospace Applications” funded by NASA and prepared by IIT Research Institute, March 1968.
“A” denotes information from Atomics International Division, Energy Systems Group, Rockwell International publication AI-AEC-13145,
“Design Guide for Reactor Cover Gas Elastomer Seals” March 7, 1975, and addendum, report ESC-DOE-13245, September 30, 1978.
“DC” denotes information from Dow Corning Bulletin 17-158, October 1972.
“P” denotes information from Parker Seal tests.
(3) “NR” Temperature not reported.
(4) Registered trademark E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
Note: Some of these compounds may no longer be available.

Table 3-24: Gas Permeability Rates

3-34 Parker Hannifin Corporation • O-Ring Division

2360 Palumbo Drive, Lexington, KY 40509
Phone: (859) 269-2351 • Fax: (859) 335-5128
www.parkerorings.com