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Lecture 1

The document provides information on recommended materials for nuclear reactors, including: 1. It lists 3 recommended books on nuclear and materials science topics. 2. It describes the main types of nuclear fuel materials used in different reactor types, such as oxide, metallic, dispersion and nitride fuels. 3. It outlines the typical cladding, moderator, reflector and structural materials used in nuclear reactors, including zirconium alloys, stainless steels, graphite and nickel-based alloys.

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Arslan Anjum
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88 views18 pages

Lecture 1

The document provides information on recommended materials for nuclear reactors, including: 1. It lists 3 recommended books on nuclear and materials science topics. 2. It describes the main types of nuclear fuel materials used in different reactor types, such as oxide, metallic, dispersion and nitride fuels. 3. It outlines the typical cladding, moderator, reflector and structural materials used in nuclear reactors, including zirconium alloys, stainless steels, graphite and nickel-based alloys.

Uploaded by

Arslan Anjum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Recommended Books

1. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials by Rudy


J.M. Konings

2. Materials Science and Technology Vol. 10A


& 10 B by R.W. Cahn

3. Uranium Processing and Properties by


Jonathan S. Morrell
Typical
Materials for a
PWR
A survey of
Reactor
Materials
Fuel Materials
• UO2 PWR, BWR,
Oxide • (U, Pu)O2 (also called MOX) FBR, VVER,
Fuels • Thorium oxide fuels (much studied but CANDU, AGR
not commercialized) Annual > 68000 tU

• U-Pu-Zr
IFR, EBR-I & II,
Metallic • U-alloys (Ti, Mo, Nb etc.) DFR, FFTF
Fuels • U-Fs
Fs = 2.46Mo, 1.96Ru, 0.28Rh, 0.19Pd, 0.1Zr, 0.01Nb

• U-Al alloys
• UAlx (UAl2 , UAl3, UAl4) in Al
• U3O8 in Al
Dispersion • UO2 in SS
Fuels • UO2 in BeO Research and
• U in ZrH Test Reactors
• PuO2 + UO2 in SS
• UO2 in Zr
• UO2+UC2 in graphite
• U silicides (U3Si2 and U3Si) in Al
• UN (for SP-100) Space Reactors
Nitride • (U, Pu)N (15 to 25 % Pu) (SP-100 program),
Fuels • (U, Pu, MA)N (MA = Np, Am, Cm) Gen IV Fast
• (Pu, MA)N (diluted with ZrN) Reactors, ADS
Carbide • UC Gen IV Fast
Fuels • (U, Pu)C Reactors

Pebble bed &


TRISO Specially designed fuel
Prismatic Reactors
Fuels UO2 or UCO
Gen IV Reactors
Cladding Materials
Zr alloys

Stainless steels
304
316
D9
HT-9 etc.
Moderator & Reflector Materials

• Graphite
• Be (major use as reflector)
• BeO
• ZrH2 (major as a reflector)
• Light water
• Heavy water
Structural Materials

Nickel based alloys: Stainless steels:


Alloy 400 304
Alloy 600 316
Alloy X-750 321
Alloy 718 347
Alloy 690 D9
Alloy 800 PCA
Alloy A286 HT-UPS
AlloyC-276 CF3MN
Alloy C-22 CF8
Alloy 625 CF8M
Alloy 625 LCF CF8C
Alloy 230
Uranium Metal
Allotropic Forms:
C = 4.95 Å
[001]

B =5.86 Å [010]

(100)
A = 2.85 Å
[001]

[100]

[010] [100]

(001)
Uranium
Irradiation Growth
Change in shape of uranium sample without significant change in volume

C = 4.95 Å
Vacancies

Interstitials

B =5.86 Å

A = 2.85 Å

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