Department of Civil Engineering
Institute of Technology
Nirma University
Deep Beams
Deep Beams
A Beam Considered as a deep, if the depth of beam
is large in relation to the span of the beam.
They are characterized as having thickness that is
small relative to their span or depth and being
primarily loaded in the plane of the member.
Deep Beams
• Sometimes beams of very large depth are
used in structure like buildings, bunkers
and tanks etc.
• Deep beam often appear in form of
transfer girders in high-rise building as
well as pile caps, foundation walls, bins,
folded plate roof structures, floor
diaphragms, shear walls & brackets or
corbels.
Deep Beams
• As per IS:456-200 (Cl.29.1)
• The ratio of l/D is less than:
2.00 for Simply Supported beam
2.50 for Continuous Beam
• Where l = Effective span
D = Overall Depth of the beam section
• The Effective span l shall be taken as the lesser of
the following:
i. Center to Center distance between support,
ii. 1.15 times the clear span.
Deep Beams
• Deep beams behaves differently from a
shallow depth beams.
• The stress distribution across the section
of a deep beam is a non-linear.
• Deep beam deform the assumption that
“the plane sections before bending remain
plane after bending” is not valid.
Deep Beam Subjected to Top & Bottom
Loading
Deep Beam
Deep Beam
• There are three approaches can be taken
for the design.
1. Empirical Design procedure
2. Two or Three Dimensional analysis
3. Truss Analogy comprised of concrete.
Struts for Compression and steel tie for
tension.
Deep Beam
Deep Beam
• In the truss model, the zone in the vicinity of a
concentrated load or at an abrupt discontinuity in the
member(such as abrupt change in member depth) is called
D-Region.
• The Term “D” stands for Discontinuity, Disturbance or
Detail.
• In the D-Region, The plane section theory is not
applicable and the true forces are not those obtained by
shear and moment diagrams and first order elastic theory,
particularly when section is cracked.
Deep Beam Design
① Design of bending moment:
Bending moment For Simply Supported beam subjected to
total load w, Uniformly distributed on the beam
Bending moment for Continues Beam a uniformly distributed
load w,
o At mid span moment,
o At face of Support,
Where, e = ratio of width of support to effective span.
Deep Beam Design
② Check for Compression in concrete
Maximum Compression in concrete should be based on standard
beam formula.
③ Area of Tension Steel
Area of Reinforcement find out by using formula
Mu=Ast*fs*z
where fs = 0.87*fy
z = Lever arm
Deep Beam Design
④ Lever Arm
Lever arm z for a deep beam shall be determined as per
IS:456-2000 (Cl.29.2)
1) For Simply supported beam
2) For continuous beam
Deep Beam Design
⑤ Detailing (Main Reinforcement)
1 For Simply Supported beam
• Main Reinforcement should be placed in a zone of depth
equal to 0.25L to 0.05L from the bottom face.
2 For Continuous Beam
• There will be positive steel for +ve moment and
negative steel for –ve moment.
⑤ Detailing (Main Reinforcement)
2 For Continuous Beam
• The Tension Steel reinforcement required to resist +ve
B.M. in any span of the beam shall be embedded beyond
the face of each support so that at face of the support it
shall have a development length not less than 0.8 Lu.
• The Tension Steel reinforcement required to resist -ve
B.M over a support of a deep beam shall be permissible
to terminate not more than half of the reinforcement at a
distance of 0.5D from the face of support.
⑤Detailing (Main Reinforcement)
2 For Continuous Beam
Distribution of negative steel.
a) When L/D < 1,
the steel should be evenly distributed over a depth of
0.8D from tension face.
b) When 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2.5,
i. A zone of depth 0.2D, adjacent to the tension
face,
ii. A zone measuring 0.3D on either side of mid
depth of the beam, Contain Remainder steel
⑥ Detailing of Web Reinforcement
• Minimum amount of vertical steel Av and longitudinal
steel An should be placed on both faces.
i. Vertical Steel: The bar diameter shall not exceed 14mm
and spacing should not be more than 3% thickness
of beam or 450mm.
Fe 250 ------------ 0.15%
Fe 415 ------------ 0.12%
ii. Horizontal Steel: The bar diameter shall not exceed
16mm and spacing should not be more than 3%
thickness of beam or 450mm.
Fe 250 ------------ 0.25%
Fe 415 ------------ 0.20%
iii. In addition the necessary side reinforcement should be
provided.
⑦Design for Shear
• No Separate checking for
shear because it was
assumed that action of the
main tension steel and
web steel together with
concrete will carry shear.
Deep Beam with holes
1. Tension Steel
• Lever arm z = 0.75Do
• Where Do = Distance from bottom of the hole to the
soffit of the beam.
Deep Beam with holes
Deep Beam with holes
2. Shear Strength
• Av should be replaced by k1Av, & D should be
replace by Do. 55% of Shear should be carried
out by Vc.
