CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In every school setting, students are perpetually in search of academic success, the

success of academic performance is their ultimate goal. Academic performance can be

expressed in the form of good scores and prizes as a result of hard work and

exceptional performance in classroom tests, assignments and examination

Student’s academic performance occupies a very important place in education as

well as in the learning process. It is considered as a key criterion to judge one’s total

potentialities and capacities

The higher education performance will depend upon the academic performance of

the student inside the classroom.

Durden and Ellis, who observed that “the measurement of students previous

educational outcomes are the most important indicators of student’s future achievement:

this refers that the higher the previous appearance, the better will the student’s

academic performance in future endeavours be.”

Nwegbu, asserted that habit saves time and saves effort. It is through the help of

techniques that we carry out daily routines. Therefore, good study techniques are

important ingredients in the life of a successful student in his course of study.

 2.

Bad or poor study habits make the process tedious (Swift 2007). Furthermore,

whenever a student develops effective study technique, his learning skills, memory

processing strategies and his general test and his examination performances

appreciably will improve.

A deeper understanding on how a student study habits greatly influence their

academic performance will improve their performance inside the classroom and improve

their grades.

Statement of the Problem

This study delves on the habits of Senior High School students affecting their academic

performance. Specifically it seeks to answer the following question:

1. What is the level of academic performance of Senior High School students when

taken as a whole group and when categorized according to the variables of year

level, sex, and school of origin?

2. Are there significant differences in the common study habits of Senior High

School students when categorized according to the variables of year level, sex,

and school of origin?

3. Are there significant differences in the level of academic performance of Senior

High School students when categorized according to the variables of year level,

sex, and school of origin?

4. Is there a significant relationship between the study habits and the academic

performance of Senior High School Students?

 3.

Hypothesis

1. There are no significant difference in the common study habits of CPU Senior

High School students when categorized according to the variables of year level,

sex, and school of origin.

2. CPU Senior High School students have moderate to very high level of academic

performance when taken as a whole group and when categorized according to

the variables grade level and sex.

3. There are no significant difference in the level of academic performance of CPU

Senior High school students when categorized according to the variables of year

level, sex, and school of origin.

4. There is no significant relationship between the common study habits and the

level of academic performance of CPU Senior High School students.

Paradigm

IV DV

Study Habits
Year Level
Sex
Academic
School of Origin Performance
 4.

Theoretical Framework

Walberg (1997) stated that, to increase educational productivity and efficiency,

educational process goals as well as achievement goals must be

considered. Educational process goals are interpreted to include student perceptions of

the social environment, creativity, self-concept, participation in extra-curricular activities,

and interest in subject matter. Ignoring these perceptions and experiences in favor of

traditional goals measured by test scores will decrease motivation and ultimately lower

educational achievement. Wang, Haertel, and Walberg (1997) analyzed the content of

179 handbook chapters and reviews and 91 research syntheses and surveyed

educational researchers in an effort to achieve some consensus regarding the most

significant influences on learning. Using a variety of methods, Wang, et al. (1977)

identified 28 categories of learning influence. Of the 11 most influential domains of

variables, 8 involved social-emotional influences: classroom management, parental

support, student- teacher interactions, social- behavioral attributes, motivational-

effective attributes, the peer group, school culture, and classroom climate (Greenberg et

al., 2003). Distant background influences were less influential. Wang et al. (1997)

concluded that "the direct intervention in the psychological determinants of learning

promise the most effective avenues for reform.

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this quantitative study is to distinguish the different study habits of the

students, specifically the Senior High School students in Central Philippine University,
 5.

and to perceive their academic performance. The findings which this study will reveal,

may benefit certain groups and the benefits they may be able to gain are as follows:

Students- the outcome of this study will help students in understanding the effect

on study habit and study environment on their academic performance and helps in

serving as a guide for a positive result

Parents- the parents would be able to know how to encourage their children to do

well in their classes. And it will help them understand how their children study.

Teachers- they would also learn something through experiencing their students

doing well in their academics.

School Administrators- These group of people have more understanding when it

comes to the students study habits and their academic performance. The results of the

study will help them encourage more students to do well in their academic performance.

It would encourage them to set up programs that would help students who have poor

study habits and poor academic performance.

Future Researchers- this research will also serve as a resource base to other

scholars and researchers interested in carrying out further research in this field

subsequently, if applied will go to an extent provide new explanation to the topic.

 6.

Definition of terms

For clarity and precision, the following conceptual and operational definition of terms are

given.

Academic Performance- refers to the percentage obtained by the students on

each subject after two terms of study.

- In this study it is a factor to be measured in terms of its correlation to the study

habits of the senior high school students of CPU.

Sex- The state of being male or female. The term sex refers to a person’s

biological characteristics.

-In this study it is an independent variable.

School of Origin- the school that the child or youth attended when permanently

housed or the school which the child or youth was last enrolled.

School of Origin- In this study it is an independent variable.

- covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and includes Grades 11 and

12. In SHS, students will go through a core curriculum and subjects under a track of their

choice; A secondary school that students attend in the three or four highest grades

before college.

Senior High School- In this study, it is defined as the samples of the researchers

Study Habits- behaviours used when preparing for tests or learning academic

material.

- In this study it is an independent variable.

 7.

Year level- is a term used to describe the grade level or year of attendance of

someone who is in school. It is also used to describe the term of any type of enrolment.

- In this study it is an independent variable.

Scope and Delimitations of the study

This study focused on the study habits and the academic performance of senior high

school students at Central Philippine University. The scope of the study is for the NMPL

(nursing, medical technology, pharmacy and lifestyle) and STEM (Science and

Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) students of the said campus. The research

will include 200 selected NMPL and STEM both grade 11 or 12 students from central

Philippine university and their study habits and academic performances, nothing more,

nothing less. The study will take place between the months of July-September 2017. The

researchers limited this research to 200 NMPL grade 11 or 12 student, anyone younger

or older will not be included in this research, moreover anyone in a different strand and

in a different school besides Central Philippine University will not be included also, but in

contradiction, this research is beneficial to all students.

 8.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The purpose of this chapter is to review relevant literature and studies on the

study habits and academic performances of students. This will provide additional

information to reinforce the presence of this study. The chapter will begin with a

discussion of the possible related literatures. Following these literatures, the review will

focus on two components in each subject a.) Factors affecting the students study habits

b.) Factors affecting their academic performances. The last part is the summary of

related studies.

Students Study Habits

Study habits is a well-planned and deliberate pattern of study, which has attained

a form of consistency on the part of the students towards understanding academic

subjects and passing examination

To enhance education, it becomes necessary to improve study habits of

students. Globally researches revealed that a relationship exists between study habits

and academic performance (Bashir and Mattoo, 2012; Kurshid, Tanveer and nas
 9.

Quasmi, 2012). Study habits are students' ways of studying whether systematic, efficient

or inefficient (Ayodele and Adebiyi,2013)

Study can be interpreted as a planned program of subject matter master.

According to Crow and Crow, (2007), the chief purposes of study are: to acquire

knowledge and habits which will be useful in meeting new situations, interpreting ideas,

making judgments creating new ideas and to perfect skills.

Therefore, successful achievement in any form of academic activity is based

upon study, interpretation and application. Everyone has different study habits. All often,

students perform poorly in school simply because they lack good study habits. In many

cases, students do not know where to begin.

Those students in high school who succeed especially well usually study alone

and follow a study technique that has been worked out by them and that incorporates

desirable procedures.

Good health, sufficient sleep, appropriate exercise and nutritious diet are essential to

achievement of good study results. Study conditions that are unfavorable include

inadequate lighting, extremes of temperatures, humidity, poor posture, subnormal

physical conditions and emotional disturbance. Although habits differ from person to

person, some general principles can be derived about studying efficiently.

Miguel A. Cerna & Ksenia Pavliushchenko, (2015) The present study estimates the

global validity of existing constructs and serves as the basis for the development of the

Self-Reported Study Habits for International Students (SR-SHI) used to identify at-risk

students in international programs. One-year classroom observations, recollection of

study habits though interviews with high performing students show that they are mainly

from low-context and individualistic countries while most low performing students come
 10.

from high-context and collectivistic countries. Among other aspects, high performing

students give opinions based on reading material and class content, use the expression

“I think”, ask questions in class, are on time, ask for feedback regarding assignments,

take notes in class and while studying, look for the professor after class, seat at the front

of the classroom and attend every class, study in silence and alone at regular times

along the whole semester, read the material about two weeks before the exam, review

notes before the exam, talk about the content with other students. On the other hand,

low performing students remind quite the whole semester, miss at least three classes

per semester, are normally late, sit at the back of the classroom, don’t take notes in

class and never look for the professor after class-hours. It seems that specific training

programs at the start and during the semester as well as training on cultural intelligence

were identified are necessary. Study habits seem to be an important determinant of

academic performance. However not bounded by country of origin, it seems that some

cultural aspects may affect determine habits and hence negatively or positively affect

academic performance. It becomes apparent that there exist study habits of universal

value that could be taught, monitor and tested along the study process. In order to

ensure that all students, from any country, perform well when enrolling in international

programs, an examination of their current study habits is important and a useful

tool to develop programs that suit multicultural classrooms.

 11.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter will provide additional understandings and will discuss the topic

under the methodology for instance the research design, sampling plan, respondents of

the study, data collection and instrumentation, statistical tool, and treatment of data.

Research Design

This study will use a Quantitative research design and the type of quantitative

design to be used is Correlational. A correlational study tests for the relationship

between two variables and to establish what the effect of one on the other might be and

how that affects the relationship. This will also identify the different effects of study habits

on the students’ academic performance. Once the information gathering is done, we will

soon draw a conclusion on what is the effect of the dependent variable to the

independent variable.

Respondent of the Study

The respondents of the study will be the STEM and NMPL both grade 11 and 12

Senior High School students of Central Philippine University. Made questionnaires will

be distributed to be answered and far along be retrieved and tabulated. The

questionnaires will be given to the respondents corresponding to their sex, school of

 12.

origin and year level. The researchers will use the Slovin’s formula in order to determine

the sample size in which stated by Ellen (2017) Slovin's formula will enable the

researcher to sample the population with correct accuracy to reach its desired results.

Table 1

Distribution Sample

Category f

Sex

NMPL 114

STEM 86

Year Level

Grade 11 93

Grade 12 107

School of Origin

Public 114

Private 86

Table 1 shows the distribution of the survey questionnaire to the Senior High School

students STEM and NMPLR. They are classified according to the variables such as sex,

there were 114 male and 86 female. When classified according to grade level 93 were in

grade 11 and 107 were in grade12. When classified according to their school of origin

114 were in private and 86 were in public.

Sampling Plan
 13.

The researchers will use convinient sampling which will involve individuals for a

sample because they are easy to include. The participants of the study will be the STEM

and NMPLR of both grade levels, 93 grade 11 students both NMPLR and STEM, and

107 grade 12 students both NMPLR and STEM.

Instrument of the study

The data that will be needed for this study will be gathered with the use of a

made questionnaire that will be containing questions connected to the respondent’s

personal data. The made questionnaire consisting of survey checklist in students study

habits and academic performance. The draft of the questionnaire will be submitted to the

adviser and to the fellow faculty and staff of the senior high school department. Before

the distribution of the questionnaire, the researchers will make a letter of consent and

face validity that will be given to the director of the Senior High School. After the

questionnaire has been validated, it will be distributed to the respondents of the study.

The data collected will be classified by answers in a way that offers a description of what

it is about. All of the categories will be examined if each of the data match or relevant

and also the data will be checked for errors to make sure that errors will be eliminated.
 14.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the data and the analysis and interpretation of data

gathered by the researchers. The charts will show how the independent variable

will have an effect in our dependent variable. The charts will also show the

significant relationship of the students study habits and their academic

performance.

When categorize according to the variables, our table showed that there

were 46.5% grade 11 both NMPL and STEM students who were our

respondents. 53.5% were grade 12 students both NMPL and STEM. There were

45.5% male respondents and 54.5% female respondents. 57.0% came from

private school and 43.0% came from public school.

In terms of their study habits 33.0% out of 200 respondents have a poor

study habits, 36.5% have a good study habit, and 30.5% had an excellent study

habits.

In their academic performance, 25.0% had a grade of (81-85 to (86-90),

32.5% had a grade of 91-95, and 42.5% had a grade of 96 to 99

The tables below show the result of the study:

 15.

Study Habits

Characteristics Poor Good Excellent Total

f % f % f % f %
________________________________________________________________________
School of Origin
Private 36 54.5 34 46.6 44 72.1 114 100
Public 30 45.5 39 53.4 17 27.9 86 100
Total 66 33 73 36.5 61 30.5 200 100
Chi-square= 0.500 Significant p=0.011

Strand
NMPL 25 43.8 37 56.9 37 47.43 99 100
STEM 32 56.1 28 43.1 41 52.5 101 100
Total 57 28.5 65 32.5 78 39 200 100
Chi-square= 0.500 significant p=0.256

Year Level
Grade 11 32 48.5 30 41.1 31 50.8 93 100
Grade 12 34 51.5 43 58.9 30 49.2 107 100
Total 66 33 73 36.5 61 30.5 200 100
Chi-square= 0.500 Not Significant p=0.492

________________________________________________________________________

Study Habits on school of origin

there is a significant relationship between the study habits and the school of origin of a

student. 72.1% of the students coming from private school has an excellent study habit,

while 53.4% of the students coming from public school has a good study habit

Study Habits on year level

there is no significant relationship between the year level and the study habits of the

students.
 16.

__________________________________________________________________________

Academic Performance

Characteristics Poor Good Excellent Total

f % f % f % f %
______________________________________________________________________________
School of Origin
Private 27 54.0 42 64.6 45 52.9 114 100
Public 23 46.0 23 53.4 40 47.1 86 100
Total 50 25 65 32.5 85 42.5 200 100
Chi-square= 0.500 Significant p=0.318

Strand
NMPL 25 43.8 37 56.9 37 47.43 99 100
STEM 32 56.1 28 43.1 41 52.5 101 100
Total 57 28.5 65 32.5 78 39 200 100
Chi-square= 0.500 significant p=0.256

Year
Grade 11 21 42.0 33 50.8 39 45.9 93 100
Grade 12 29 58.0 32 49.2 46 54.1 107 100
Total 50 25 65 32.5 85 42.5 200 100
Chi-square= 0.500 Not Significant p=0.639

Study Habits
Poor 20 40.0 28 43.1 18 21.2 66 100
Good 20 40.0 22 33.8 31 36.5 73 100

Excellent 10 20.0 15 23.1 36 42.4 61 100

Total 50 25 65 32.5 85 42.5 200 100

Chi-square= 0.500 Significant p=0.009

________________________________________________________________________
 17.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

 18.

Summary

The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation of the level of the study

habits and academic performance of senior high school students at Central Philippine

University SY 2017-2018.

In line with the statement of the problem and the research paradigm of this study,

the research hypothesis that there is no significant relationship between the study habits

and academic performance of the students

The study assessed the common study habits of the students and the level of

their academic performance. The students that where included was the Grade 11 and 12

STEM and NMPL students of Central Philippine University Senior High School.

The profile of Central Philippine University Senior High School Students were

considered like sex, year level, common study habits, and level of academic

performance.

A validated questionnaire-checklist served as the main instrument of the study.

Based on the results of the statistical analysis of the data, the findings on academic

performance, students coming from private schools have better academic performance

compared with students coming from public school. This is obtained by summing up all

the good performing student and the excellent performing students, which brought up

the percentage of 59.35 % in private schools, while students from public schools only

summed up to 40.65%. In year level, grade 12 students have better academic

performance compared to grade 11 students. A total of 51.65% was summed up when

 19.

the good performing students and the excellent performing students from grade 12 were

added, while the grade 11 students only managed to sum up 48.35%. On the other hand

students coming from private schools, which summed up 59.35%, still have better study

habits than those of the students coming from public schools, which summed up to only

40.65%. In year level, grade 12 students have better study habits for they summed up

54.05% while the grade 11 students only summed up to 45. 95%.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of our research study, the following conclusions were

drawn:

The year level and the study habit of a student do not affect each other.

But there is a significant relationship between the genders and the study habit of

a student. There is also a significant relationship between the school of origin

and the students study habits.

The year level and the academic performance do not affect each other.

There is no significant relationship between the gender and the academic

performance of a student. And also there is no significant relationship between

the school of origin and the student’s academic performance.

Study habits and academic performance of a student has a significant

relationship. Students with poor study habits will only have a satisfactory grade,

but with good study habits can lead to an excellent academic performance inside

the classroom.
 20.

Recommendation

Our data shows that poor study habits will lead to a poor academic performance.

The student should know how to maintain their academic performance by having a good

study habit. Parents should always support their children when it comes to their studies.

Encourage them and motivate them to strive hard. Students have different study habits

that can help them excel in their academic performance. Some are aiming to pass and

some are competitive. Furthermore with the above-mentioned conclusion, since the

academic performances of students differ, it is strongly recommended that the students

should give equal attention to their study habits to realize or adapt to a more repetitive

one to amp up academic performance. In lieu with this personal recommendation, it is

also strongly recommended the school/s should adhere with talks and symposiums

where in it is discussed on how to maintain an effective study habit.

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