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DY Lect3d PDF

1. The document discusses curvilinear motion using cylindrical components, specifically how to determine velocity and acceleration components using a polar coordinate system. 2. It provides examples of how cylindrical coordinates can be used to describe the motion of an object sliding down a slide. 3. The key equations presented are for velocity in polar coordinates, which has radial and transverse components, and acceleration in polar coordinates, which has radial and transverse acceleration components.

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Aleli Loji
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95 views9 pages

DY Lect3d PDF

1. The document discusses curvilinear motion using cylindrical components, specifically how to determine velocity and acceleration components using a polar coordinate system. 2. It provides examples of how cylindrical coordinates can be used to describe the motion of an object sliding down a slide. 3. The key equations presented are for velocity in polar coordinates, which has radial and transverse components, and acceleration in polar coordinates, which has radial and transverse acceleration components.

Uploaded by

Aleli Loji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering Mechanics :

DYNAMICS
Lecture #03d
By,
ROHANI BINTI RAHMAD
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
Faculty of Engineering Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology
CURVILINEAR MOTION: CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
1. Determine velocity and acceleration components using polar
coordinate system.

Learning Topics:
• Applications
• Velocity Components
• Acceleration Components

2
APPLICATIONS

The cylindrical coordinate


system is used in cases
where the particle moves
along a 3-D curve.

In the figure shown, the boy


slides down the slide at a
constant speed of 2 m/s.
How fast is his elevation
from the ground. changing
(i.e., what is z )?

3
APPLICATIONS (continued)

A polar coordinate system is a 2-D representation of the


cylindrical coordinate system.
When the particle moves in a plane (2-D), and the radial
distance, r, is not constant, the polar coordinate system can
be used to express the path of motion of the particle.
4
CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS (Section 12.8)

We can express the location of P in polar coordinates as r = rur. Note


that the radial direction, r, extends outward from the fixed origin, O,
and the transverse coordinate, q, is measured counter-clockwise
(CCW) from the horizontal.
5
VELOCITY (POLAR COORDINATES)

The instantaneous velocity is defined as:


v = dr/dt = d(rur)/dt
. dur
v = rur + r dt
Using the chain rule:
dur/dt = (dur/dq)(dq/dt) .
We can prove that dur/d
. . q = uθ so dur/dt = quθ
Therefore: v = rur + rquθ
.
.
Thus, the velocity vector has two components: r,
called the radial component, and rq, called the
transverse component. The speed of the particle at
any given instant is the sum of the squares of both
components or
. 2 .
v = (r q ) + ( r )2
6
ACCELERATION (POLAR COORDINATES)

The instantaneous acceleration is defined as:


. .
a = dv/dt = (d/dt)(rur + rquθ)
After manipulation, the acceleration can be
expressed as
.. . 2 .. ..
a = (r – rq )ur + (rq + 2rq)uθ
.. . 2
The term (r – rq ) is the radial acceleration
or ar.
.. ..
The term (rq + 2rq) is the transverse
acceleration or aq
.. . 2 2 .. .. 2
The magnitude of acceleration is a = (r – rq ) + (rq + 2rq)
7
CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

If the particle P moves along a space


curve, its position can be written as

rP = rur + zuz

Taking time derivatives and using


the chain rule:

. . .
Velocity: vP = rur + rquθ + zuz
.. . 2 .. .. ..
Acceleration: aP = (r – rq )ur + (rq + 2rq)uθ + zuz

8
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