Sustainable Preservation Practices for

Managing the Storage Environment

WELCOME
Webinar: Understand Your Climate Control System
February 16, 2011
 Introduction
•  Presenters
– James Reilly
•  Image Permanence Institute, RIT
– Peter Herzog
• Herzog / Wheeler & Associates
Sustainable Preservation Practices for
Managing Storage Environments
•  About this project
–  An Education and
Training Grant from
the National
Endowment for the
Humanities,
Division of
Preservation and
Access
 Webinar Format
•  One-way conversation
–  No two-way audio
•  Use chat pod to ask questions
•  Moderators will relay questions to presenters
•  Wired connection preferred
•  Full Screen Option desirable for best
viewing
•  Phone conferencing available if VoIP audio
quality is poor
 Adjust Your Connection Speed
•  Please adjust your Connection Speed to
DSL / Cable
Today s Theme: Understanding
Your Climate Control System
•  Basics of HVAC systems
•  What HVAC systems are designed to do
•  Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
–  Alternative Components and Configurations
•  Energy-Consuming Components
•  Documentation
 Why Is This Important?
•  Develops Mutual Understanding
of Needs and Goals
–  Collections, Facilities, and Administration
•  Facilitates Communication
•  Enables the optimization process and the
management of energy-saving operations
Basics of HVAC
Systems
Electric Fan - Forced Air Furnace

Energy Input:

•  Fuel
•  Fan Electricity
 Basic Components of
Electric Refrigeration Systems
 Window or Thru-the-Wall
Air Conditioner – Heat Pump
Energy Input:

•  Fan Electricity
•  Compressor Electricity
Forced Air Furnace
with Cooling
Energy Input:
•  Fuel
•  Fan Electricity
•  Compressor Electricity
•  Condenser Fan Elec.
Condensing Units
Basic Components of HVAC Systems
(Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning)
Basic Components of HVAC Systems
Cooling Mode
Basic Components of HVAC Systems
Heating Mode
 Basic Components of HVAC Systems
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems can:

Add Heat
Remove Heat
Add Humidity
Remove Humidity
Add Outside Air
Filter Air
Circulate Air
What HVAC Systems
Are Designed to Do
Spaces with Exterior Exposure
What HVAC Systems are Designed to Do
Remove Perimeter Heat Gain
What HVAC Systems are Designed to Do
Supplement Perimeter Heat Loss
Spaces with no Exterior Exposure
What HVAC Systems are Designed to Do
Remove Heat Gain from Interior Zones
What HVAC Systems are Designed to Do
Provide Ventilation
What HVAC Systems are Designed to Do
Correct Humidity Gains or Losses
 Air Handling Unit
(AHU) Components
 Basic Components of HVAC Systems
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Systems can:

Add Heat
Remove Heat
Add Humidity
Remove Humidity
Add Outside Air
Filter Air
Circulate Air
 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
Fans, Ducts, Dampers
 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
Filter(s)
 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
Heating Coils
 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
Where Heat Comes From
 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
Humidifier
 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Components
Cooling Coil/Dehumidifier
Where Cooling Comes From
 Fundamentals of Air Temperature,
Relative Humidity and Absolute Humidity
Dehumidification by sub-cooling and reheating
Cooling Coil Dehumidification
Sources of Cooling/Heating/
Humidification
Alternative Air Handler
Components
and Configurations
Desiccant Dehumidification at AHU
Desiccant Dehumidification at AHU
Desiccant Dehumidification
at Outside Air
Face and Bypass
Terminal Devices
Variable Air Volume Boxes
Reheat Coils
Perimeter Radiation
Buildings Commonly Have Multiple Systems;
Systems Commonly Serve Multiple Spaces
HVAC Systems are a Circular Stream
of Moving Air
Along Which:
Temperature can be Raised or Lowered
Humidity can be Raised or Lowered
Filtration can Occur
Outside Air can be Added and Removed
 Energy-Consuming
Components of HVAC
Systems
Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
•  Air Handling Unit and Sources of:
Cooling / Heating / Humidification
 Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems

Components:
A.  Air Handling Fans
B.  Cooling/Dehumidification
C.  Heating/Reheating
D.  Humidification
E.  Lights
Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables that
Affect Energy Consumption

Energy = Rate of Consumption x Time of Operation

Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables

A Air Handling Fans – Operating Drivers

Total Air Flow (VAV)
Schedule of Air Flow
 Operating Variable – Total Air Flow
Example Air Change Calculation

Storage space area = 5,000 SF

Storage space ceiling height = 8 FT
Storage space volume = 5000 SF x 8 FT = 40,000 Cubic Feet (CF)

Supply air is 5,000 CFM x 60 minutes = 300,000 CF per Hour

300,000 CFH divided by 40,000 CF = 7.5 Air Changes per Hour
At 10% OA = 0.75 Air Changes/Hour = 1 Outside Air change every 1.3 Hours
Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables

B Cooling/Dehumidifying – Operating Drivers

Temp. and RH Setpoints & Schedule
Quantity of Outside Air & Schedule
Total Air Flow
Bypass Damper Control
Space Loads (Lighting)
Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables

C Heating/Reheating – Operating Drivers

Temp. Setpoint & Schedule
Quantity of Outside Air & Schedule
Seasonal Control
Total Air Flow & Schedule
Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables

D Humidifying – Operating Drivers

RH Setpoint
Quantity of Outside Air & Schedule
Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables

E Lights – Operating Drivers

Schedule (hours of operation)
Example Allocation of Storage Area
Annual Energy Cost

% of Annual
Component Energy Cost
A. Air Handling Fans 19%
B. Cooling Coil 30%
C. Heating Coil 40%
D. Humidifier 5%
E. Lighting 6%
 Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems

Summer Energy Use (per 1,000 CFM) : Sub-Cooling 29,160 Btu/Hr

Reheating 16,200 Btu/Hr
45,360 Btu/Hr
Fan Elec. 750 Watts
 Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems

Winter Energy Use (per 1,000 CFM) : Sub-Cooling 0 Btu/Hr

Reheating 2,160 Btu/Hr
2,160 Btu/Hr
Fan Elec. 750 Watts
Humidification
Perimeter Heating
 Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Face and Bypass System

Summer Energy Use (per 1,000 CFM) : Sub-Cooling 12,830 Btu/Hr

Reheating 0 Btu/Hr
12,830 Btu/Hr
Fan Elec. 750 Watts
 Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Face and Bypass System

Winter Energy Use (per 1,000 CFM) : Sub-Cooling 0 Btu/Hr

Reheating 2,160 Btu/Hr
2,160 Btu/Hr
Fan Elec. 750 Watts
Humidification
Perimeter Heating
 Summary – Example Energy Consumption
Sub-Cool/Reheat Face & Bypass

Summer Example:
Sub-Cooling 29,160 Btu/Hr* 12,830 Btu/Hr*
Reheating 16,200 Btu/Hr* 0 Btu/Hr*
45,360 Btu/Hr* 12,830 Btu/Hr*
Winter Example:
Sub-Cooling 0 Btu/Hr* 0 Btu/Hr*
Reheating 2,160 Btu/Hr* 2,160 Btu/Hr*
2,160 Btu/Hr* 2,160 Btu/Hr*
*(Per 1,000 CFM)
 Energy-Consuming Components of
HVAC Systems
Operating Variables

Summary of Operating Variables:

Total air flow and schedule
Temperature and RH setpoints and schedule
Quantity of outside air and schedule
Face and Bypass Damper Control
Space Loads (Lighting)
 Documentation
•  Document HVAC system zones on building
plans

•  For each HVAC system:

- Document space plans
- Create cartoon of systems
- Document AHU components
 Documentation

Indicate HVAC System Zones

on Architectural Plans
HVAC Zone Plans
 Document Storage Space Plans
Document Storage Area
Affecters of Climate

•  Stored Materials
•  Occupancy Patterns
•  Occupant Temperature
Tolerance
•  Lighting & Lighting
Control
•  Envelope
Walls/Roof/Floor
Doors/Windows
Create Cartoon of Systems
Create Cartoon of Systems
Document Air Handling Unit Components
Ask Facilities Staff
Look Inside the Doors
Document HVAC System
 Benefits of Documentation

•  Facilitates common understanding by entire

climate management team

•  Clears up misunderstandings

•  Uncovers unknown malfunctions (facilitates

optimizing)

•  Allows for realistic climate goal-setting

 Shared Understanding:
Critical to Management
•  Common knowledge and vocabulary are
essential to management process:
–  Need fundamental understandings of
interdisciplinary elements
•  Enables the process of optimization and
energy-saving operation
 Conclusion
•  Thanks to all participants!
•  Next Webinar:
–  March 9, 2011 (2:00-3:30pm EST)
–  Managing the Storage Environment in the
Midwestern Region
–  Challenges and opportunities
–  Steps to consider to take best advantage of
the climate in your region