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Transformer Fault Detection Guide

This document discusses dissolved gas analysis (DGA) which is used to detect electrical and thermal faults in transformers at an early stage. DGA involves extracting gases dissolved in transformer oil and analyzing them to identify key gases that indicate different types of faults. It provides guidelines on sampling transformer oil for DGA, including using clean containers and sampling from the bottom valve with the transformer energized. The document also outlines characteristic faults identified by different gases and gives conclusions on the benefits of periodic DGA testing.

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95 views10 pages

Transformer Fault Detection Guide

This document discusses dissolved gas analysis (DGA) which is used to detect electrical and thermal faults in transformers at an early stage. DGA involves extracting gases dissolved in transformer oil and analyzing them to identify key gases that indicate different types of faults. It provides guidelines on sampling transformer oil for DGA, including using clean containers and sampling from the bottom valve with the transformer energized. The document also outlines characteristic faults identified by different gases and gives conclusions on the benefits of periodic DGA testing.

Uploaded by

matjidi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS

 Used to find electrical & thermal fault in


transformer
 Fault can be found at incipient stage
 Remedial measure can be initiated to avoid
major damage to transformer

FORMATION OF GAS
 Degradation of solid & liquid insulation
 Faults in transformer
 Gases gets dissolved in oil till saturation
DGA - Tool for Quality Check

☛ DGA - Quality check during procurement of new transformers.

☛ DGA - before & after heat run test or fast transient test or high
voltage test.

☛ Abnormal increase in gas concentration after factory test indicate


manufacturing / design defect in transformer.

☛ Defect can be rectified before shipment & installation at site.


DGA

Extraction Analysing Interpretation


of for of
gases from oil key gases results

Methane IS ratio
Ethane Key gas method
Ethylene Rogers ratio
Acetylene Rate of rise of key gas
Hydrogen
Carbon monoxide
CHARACTERISTIC TRANSFORMER FAULTS
ELECTRICAL FAULTS

Sl Type of faults & cause Major gases


1 High energy discharge (Arcing) Methane
* SC in winding Hydrogen
* Breakdown between windings Acetylene
* Breakdown through the oil between bare
conductors

2 Low energy discharge (High energy partial Hydrogen


discharge) Acetylene
* Bad contact action of connection to metallic Methane
parts
* Continuous sparking at breaks
* Discharges between selector contacts
CHARACTERISTIC TRANSFORMER FAULTS
THERMAL FAULTS

Sl Type of faults & cause Major gases


1 Thermal fault of low temperature <150oC Hydrogen
* General conductor overheating Methane
Ethylene

2 Thermal fault of medium temp. 300 to 700oC Hydrogen


* Local over heating of core due to circulating Methane
current Ethylene
* Bad contacts
3 Thermal fault of high temperature >700oC Hydrogen
* Loacl over heating of core due to circulating Methane
current Ethylene
* Bad contacts Acetylene
Sampling of transformer oil
SAMPLING CONTAINER
 Perfectly cleaned & Dried
 Free from dust & moisture
 Airtight
 Glass or Metal or Plastic cans
SAMPLING POINT
 Bottom valve
 Sample in actual contact with body
 Forced cooled TR-Circulate pump for 30 min
 Sampling under energized condition
SAMPLING

•Equipment
•Test Requisition form
•Method
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

 Avoid sampling in rainy or foggy weather


 Protect sample from direct light
 Avoid moisture & dust contamination
 Cotton waste & other fibrous materials
should not be used
 Use the sampling containers exclusively for
transformer oil sampling
Conclusions

✈ Testing transformer oil periodically once


a year as per IS:1866-2000 will improve
the performance of transformer & conserve
transformer oil
✈ DGA is a powerful diagnostic tool for
predicting internal condition of transformer

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