SUBMITTED BY
AMRITESH KUMAR
REG NO:1513321038
NIET,GREATER NOIDA
ABSTRACT
I was appointed for 4 week(June 16,2018 to July 15,2018)
vocational training in NTPC Barh. I was given the knowledge
about various section of the power plant
1.boiler
2.turbine
3.switch gear
4.coal deposition area
It was really an adventure to learn about the production of electricity
and the transmission of the same. what made it so interesting was to
learn at the same place where all the process are executed. This
report is made by my experience at NTPC Barh. The materials in this
report has been gathered by my textbooks and lessons which were
taught at NTPC. The knowledge were imparted to us by the
employees of each division of NTPC
NTPC OVERVIEW
NTPC Limited (Formerly National Thermal Power Corporation) is the
largest power generation company in India and was
founded on November 7, 1975. Forbes Global 2000
for 2009 ranked it 317th in the world.
Contributing 26% of country’s entire power generation, it has
placed itself in the Nav - Ratan companies of Indian government
and hence is the public sector company.
The total installed capacity of the company is 31134 MW (including JVs)
with 15 coal based and 7 gas based stations, located across the country.
In addition under JVs, 3 stations are coal based & another station uses
naphtha/LNG as fuel.
NTPC has been operating its plants at high efficiency levels. Although the
company has 18.79% of the total national capacity it contributes 28.60%
of total power generation due to its focus on high efficiency.
The company has set a future goal of having 75000 MW by 2017.
BSTPP AT A GLANCE
• No. of units*capacity: 3*660MW(STAGE-I) 2*660MW(STAGE-II)
• 1,2&3:russian origin 4&5:under the collaboration of BHEL and ALSTOM
• Boilers and Turbines: Manufactured by BHEL and ALSTOM
• Generators: supplied by SIEMENS
• Coal supply: Hazaribagh coal mines
• The project side is located near the river ganga. the make up water
requirement for the project is proposed to be drawn from ganga
• Plant has two stages: Stage 1-voltage generation -24.5kv &stage-
2voltage generation-21.5
• Land requirement: approximately 1200 acres of land has been identified
between nh-1 and railway lines for the plant area and 1750 acres of land has
ben identified for the ash disposal area in south of railway line
• Location: the project site is located about 3km east of Barh town in
Patna district in state of Bihar
Coal availability and linkage
:-Coal requirement for Barh STPP, stage-1 is proposed to be metfrom Amarpali block of north
Karanpura coalfields. Coal requirement for the project in estimated as 10 million tones/annum
considering a GCV of 3350kcal/kg and 80% PLF
Coal transportation
:
Coal from amarpali block of north karanpura coalfields is proposedto be transported to the project site
through Indian railways system for adistance of approximately 250kms via shorter route .
Construction power
The requirements of the construction power supply for the projectwould be met at 33Kv level
from the nearby BSEB substations. Necessary33kV substation and 11kV ring main /LT
substations shall be provided for the power plant area.
Coal before fixing in the furnace is
Pulverized.coal pulverization is required in
the whole system process not just in
terms of furnace performance and heat
rate but in terms of mechanical reliability
and integrity of furnace.
Flame is established in the furnace
Using the LDO(light diesel oil).LDO
is atomized by applying arc to it.
Coal+air-
Co2+CO+Sox+MOx+heat+ASH
Here CO2-heat carrier
CO-Acidic, danger to tubes(less
air) MOX,SOX-Acidic formation in
water bodies and atmosphere.
To avoid the gases CO,MOX,SOX a ratio is maintained between air and coal of 1:6.It also ensures proper
combustion.The water is purified(DM water) before injunction in the furnace to prevent choking of
pipes due to the scale formation.
1.BOILER 15. STEAM GOVERNOR VALVE
2. TURBINES 16. FEED HEATER
3. COOLING WATER PUMP 17.COAL CONVEYOR
4. CONDENSER 18.COAL HOPPER
5. DEAREATOR 19.FORCED DRAUGHTFAN
6. REHEATER 20.FLUE GAS
7. AIR PREHEATER
8. PRECIPITATOR
9. ECONOMISER
10. COOLING TOWER
11. TRANSMISSION LINES(3 PHASE)
12. UNIT TRANSFORMERS(3 PHASE)
13. ELECTRIC GENERATORS(3 PHASE)
14.CONDENSATE
EXTRACTION PUMP
NBOILER
Boiler is a rectangular furnace about 50 feet on side and 130 feet tall.
theirs walls are made of high pressure steel tubes about 2.3 inches in
diameter which circulates DM water to be converted into steam. The
thermal radiation heats water and changes to steam. Steam is sent
to the turbine .The efficiency and technology of boiler vary according
to the operational pressures.
1. Operational pressure>221 KSC---%n=42.45%-----super critical boiler
2. 175KSC <Operational pressure<221 KSC---%n=38.42%----
- critical boiler
3. Operational pressure<175KSC---%n=38%-----sub critical boiler
TURBINE
The turbine generator consists of a series of steam turbines interconnected
to each other and generators on a common shaft. There is a high pressure
turbine at one end, followed by intermediate pressure turbine and low
pressure turbine in other end. Steam loses pressure and temperatures as it
passes through turbines and expands in volume.
COOLING WATER PUMP
It pumps the water from the cooling tower which goes to the condenser.
CONDENSER
The steam coming out from the Low Pressure
Turbine (a little above its boiling pump) is
brought into thermal contact with cold water
(pumped in from the cooling tower) in the
condenser, where it condenses rapidly back into
water, creating near Vacuum-like conditions
inside the condenser chest.
DEAREATOR
A deareator is a device for air removal and used to
remove dissolved gases (an alternate would be the
use of water treatment chemicals) from boiler feed
water to make it noncorrosive. A deareator typically
includes a vertical domed deareation section as the
deareation boiler feed water tank. A Steam generating
boiler requires that the circulating steam, condensate,
and feed water should be devoid of dissolved gases,
particularly corrosive ones and dissolved or
suspended solids. The gases will give rise to corrosion
of the metal.
REHEATER
Reheater is a heater which is used to raise the
temperature of steam which has fallen from the
intermediate pressure turbine.
AIR PREHEATER
Air preheater is a general term to describe any device
designed to heat air before another process (for
example, combustion in a boiler). The purpose of the air
preheater is to recover the heat from the boiler flue gas
which increases the thermal efficiency of the boiler by
reducing the useful heat lost in the flue gas.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
An Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) or electrostatic air cleaner is a
particulate device that removes particles from a flowing gas (such
as air) using the force of an induced electrostatic charge.
Electrostatic precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices, and
can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust and smoke
from the air steam. ESPs continue to be excellent devices for
control of many industrial particulate emissions
General Voltage Level
LT – 415 V
HT – 11KV & 3.3 KV
EHT – 400KV
Voltage generation level (NTPC Barh)
stage 1 – 24.5kv
stage 2 – 21.5kv
voltage level ( power plant)
5.5kv, 11kv, 132kv,400kv
Switchyard is considered as the HEART of the Power Plant. Power
generated can be worthy only if it is successfully transmitted and received
by its consumers. Switchyard plays a very important role as a junction
between the generation and transmission. It is a junction, which carries
the generated power to its destination (i.e. consumers).
Outdoor equipments Indoor equipments
1. Bus bar 1. Relays
2. Lightening Arrester 2. Control panels’
3. Wavetrap 3. Circuit breakers
4. Breaker
5. Capacitive voltage transformer
6. Earthingrod
7. Current transformer
8. Potential transformer
9. Lightening Mask
1.Bus bar
1.In electrical power distribution, a busbar is a strip orbar
of copper, brass or aluminium that conducts electricity
within a switchboard, distribution board, substation,
battery bank, or other electrical apparatus.
2.lightning arrester
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical
power systems and telecommunications systems to
protect the insulation and conductors of the system
from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical
lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a
ground terminal.
3.wave trap
Wave Traps are used at sub-stations using Power Line Carrier
Communication (PLCC). PLCC is used to transmit
communication and control information at a high frequency
over the power lines. This reduces need for a separate infra
for communication between sub-stations.
Depending on the arc quenching medium being used C.B.s can be categorizedinto various
types. In BSTPP for 400 KV/132 KV switchyard only one type is being used
ACB (Air break circuit breaker):-
operated as well asarc quenched through air.
BOCB (Bulk oil circuit breaker):-
arc quenching done through oil(Aerosol fluid oil).
MOCB (Minimum oil circuit breaker):-
arc quenching done through oil(Aerosol fluid oil).
ABCB (Air Blast Circuit Breaker):-
arc quenching done by blast of air
SF6 circuit breaker:-
arc quenching done through SF6 gas.
CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated
electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overload or short
circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault
condition and interrupt current flow.
5.CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE
TRANSFORMER
A capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), or capacitance-
coupled voltage transformer (CCVT), is a transformer
used in power systems to step down extra high voltage
signals and provide a low voltage signal, for metering or
operating a protective relay.
6.CURRENT TRANSFORMER
The current transformer is a step up transformer , it means
current is steppeddown to a very low value (generally 1 A or 5 A)
so that it can be used for measuring and protection purposes
.C.T is designed in such a way its Core Material could give high
accuracy withlow saturation factor. Core Material is generally
made of CRGO Silicon steelFor very low loss characteristics, µ
material (Alloy of Ni-Fe) is used.
Current Transformer is used for basically two major
functions: - 1 .Metering
which means current measurement.
2. Protection
such as over current protection, overload earth faultprotection, Bus-bar protection, Bus differential
protection.CT is typically described by its current ratio from primary to secondary. Thereis not more
difference between 132 KV and 400 KV C.T , only current ratio differ
SPECIFICATIONS OF 132 KV C.T
Standard:IS2705
Highest System Voltage:145v
Insulation
Level:275/650 kv
Frequency:50hz
Short Time Current:31.5KA
for 1 sec
Rated Primary
Current:1200A
SPECIFICATIONS OF 400 KV C.T
Standard IS2705
Rated Voltage 420 KV
Insulation Level 275/650
Frequency KV 50 Hz
Short Time Current 31.5 KA for 1 sec
Rated Continous normal 2000 A
Current Extended Current
200/120%
Oil weight
750 Kg
Total weight 2500 K
ISOLATOR
An isolator is one, which can break an electrical circuit when the circuit is to beswitched on no load.
These are normally used in various circuits for the purposes of isolating a certain portion when
required for maintenance etc.
It isalways used in OFF-LOAD condition."Switching isolators" are capable of
•
Interrupting transformer magnetized currents;
•
Interrupting line charging current; and
•
Load transfer switching
In BSTPP there are two
switchyards:-
(i)400KV SWITCHYARD
(ii)132KV SWITCHYARD
. 400 KV SWITCHYARD 132 KV SWITCHYARD
There are total 22 bay in 400 KV switchyard. A Bay is basically There are total 11 Bay in 132 KV switchyard.
a way for the incoming power from generator as well as 3 Bay for ICT (Inter Connecting Transformer)
outgoing power for distribution. 5 Bay for S.T (Station Transformer)
5 Bay for each generating transformer 2 Bay for MST (Miscellaneous Service
3 Bay for ICT(Inter Connecting Transformer) Transformer)
2 Bay for PATNA line 1 Bay for Bus Coupler
2 Bay for KAHALGAON line There are two main buses in 132 KV switchyard.
2 Bay for BALIA line Main bus - 1
7 for FUTURE line Main bus - 2
1 Bay for SHUNT REACTOR
There are four main buses in 400 KV switchyard.
Main bus – 1& 2
Main bus – 3&4
It is a static machine which increases or decreases the AC voltage without changing the frequency of
the supply. It is a
device that:
Transfers electric power from one circuit to another.
It accomplishes this by electromagnetic induction.
In this the two electric circuits are in mutual inductive influence of each other.
WORKING PRINCIPLE: It works on FARADAY‟S LAW OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (self or
mutual induction depending on the type of transformer).
CLASSIFICATION:
(I) ACCORDING TO THE CORE: a) Core type transformer b) shell type transformer c)
Berry type transformer
(AI) ACCORDING TO PHASES: a) 1phase transformer b) 3phase transformer
(III) ACCORDING TO THE PURPOSE FOR WHICH USED : a) Distribution
transformer b) Transmission
transformer c) Generator transformer d) Station transformer e) Unit Auxiliary transformer (UAT)
GENERATING TRANSFORMER
A generating transformer is a single – phase power transformer(3 single phaseunits shall form a bank) .
Generating Transformer steps–up the generatedvoltage of 24 KV by alternator to a higher voltage of 400 KV
(hence, workingas a step-up Transformer).This voltage of 400 KV is then transmitted to
switchyard
SPECIFICATIONS
HV Nominal Voltage
420/sqrt(3) KV
LV Nominal Voltage Rated
24 KV
Power
HV Nominal Current LV 260 MVA
Nominal Current
1072.22 A
Frequency
10833.33 A
Phases single phase *
50 Hz
Lightning impulse withstand voltage Tap range
1425 kVp(HV)170 kVp(LV)95 kVp(HVn
± 5% in steps of 2.5%on HV neutral side
Oil weight
60430 Kg
Total weight
250930K
INTER CONNECTING TRANSFORMER
An ICT is a 3-phase auto transformer used to interconnect 400 KVswitchyard and
132 KV switchyard.
SPECIFICATIONS
• IS:2026
Standard
• Auto Transformer
Type
• 200 MVA(HV)200 MVA(MV)67
Rated power
MVA(LV)Reactive5 MVA Active
Current rating of • 40% /60%/100% (A)
different cooling
Winding connection star(HV)star(MV)delta(LV)solidlygrounded(HVn)
Core and winding mass 115600 Kgs
Oil mass 81880 Kgs
Total oil quantity 92000 litr
STATION TRANSFORMER
Station Transformer is
used only for initializing the start-up of the station (MainPlant).It
is very beneficial during emergency situations such as tripping of Units, shut-down etc.
Station transformers is used to start
Station auxiliaries awhich are required for generating services such as coal and ash
handlingsystem, lighting system, water purifying system etc.It gets the supply in its
primary from 132 KV switchyard, stepsdown it to 11.5KV which is used for starting
various equipments & devices used in the Main power plant
SPCIFICATIONS
IS:2026/77-81
Standard
Type Three Winding
t90/45/45
Rated outpu
MVA
Cooling
ONAN/ONA
F
Rated voltage
132 KV (HV)11.5 KV(LV1 & LV2)
Core & coil mass
60500 Kg
Oil quantity
33700 Litre
Total mass
121500 K
Turbo generators are used in thermal power stations because of the steam energy to
mechanical energy conversion, turbo generators are more efficient.
GENERATOR SPECIFICATION
KVA 247000
Pf 0.85
Volts of stator 15750
Amperes of stator 9050
Volts of rotor 310
Amperes of rotor 2600
Rpm 3000
Hz 50
Phase 3
Connection YY
Coolant water(stator)&hydrogen(rotor)
Gas pressure 3.5kg/cm-sq.
Insulation class B
