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Table M-1. Element names, atomic numbers, and half-lives for selected radioisotopes
Element name Symbol Atomic number Radioisotopea Half-lifeb
Hydrogen H 1 3H 12.28 yr
Carbon C 6 14C 5.73 × 103 yr
Sodium Na 11 22Na 2.602 yr
24Na 15.00 h
Phosphorus P 15 32P 14.29 d
33P 25.4 d
Sulfur S 16 35S 87.44 d
Chlorine Cl 17 36Cl 3.01 × 105 yr
Potassium K 19 40K 1.277 × 109 yr
42K 12.36 h
Calcium Ca 20 45Ca 162.7 d
Scandium Sc 21 46Sc 83.80 d
Titanium Ti 22 44Ti 47.3 yr
Vanadium V 23 48V 15.971 d
Chromium Cr 24 51Cr 27.704 d
Manganese Mn 25 54Mn 312.7 d
56Mn 2.5785 h
Iron Fe 26 55Fe 2.7 yr
59Fe 44.63 d
Cobalt Co 27 58Co 70.80 d
60Co 5.271 yr
Nickel Ni 28 63Ni 100.1 yr
Copper Cu 29 64Cu 12.701 h
Zinc Zn 30 65Zn 244.4 d
Gallium Ga 31 68Ga 68.0 m
Germanium Ge 32 68Ge 288 d
Selenium Se 34 75Se 119.78 d
Krypton Kr 36 85Kr 10.72 yr
85mKr 4.48 h
87Kr 76.3 m
88Kr 2.84 h
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87Rb 4.73 × 1010 yr
88Rb 17.8 m
89Rb 15.44 m
Strontium Sr 38 89Sr 50.55 d
90Sr 28.6 yr
91Sr 9.5 h
Yttrium Y 39 90Y 64.1 h
90mY 3.19 h
91Y 58.51 d
91mY 49.71 m
Zirconium Zr 40 93Zr 1.53 × 106 yr
95Zr 64.02 d
97Zr 16.90 h
Niobium Nb 41 94Nb 2.03 × 104 yr
94mNb 6.26 m
95Nb 35.06 d
Molybdenum Mo 42 99Mo 66.02 h
Technetium Tc 43 99Tc 2.13 × 105 yr
99mTc 6.02 h
Ruthenium Ru 44 103Ru 39.35 d
105Ru 4.44 h
106Ru 368.2 d
Rhodium Rr 45 103mRh 56.119 m
105Rh 35.36 h
105mRh 45 s
106Rh 29.92 s
Silver Ag 47 109mAg 39.6 s
110Ag 24.57 s
110mAg 249.85 d
Cadmium Cd 48 109Cd 464 d
113Cd 9.3 × 1015 yr
113mCd 13.7 yr
Indium In 49 114In 71.9 s
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Tin Sn 50 113Sn 115.1 d
123Sn 129.2 d
126Sn 1.0 × 105 yr
Antimony Sb 51 124Sb 60.20 d
126Sb 12.4 d
126mSb 19.0 m
127Sb 3.85 d
129Sb 4.40 h
Tellurium Te 52 127Te 9.35 h
127mTe 109 d
129Te 69.6 m
129mTe 33.6 d
131Te 25.0 m
131mTe 30 h
132Te 78.2 h
Iodine I 53 125I 60.14 d
129I 1.57 × 107 yr
131I 8.040 d
132I 2.30 h
133I 20.8 h
134I 52.6 m
135I 6.61 h
Xenon Xe 54 131mXe 11.84 d
133Xe 5.245 d
133mXe 2.19 d
135Xe 9.11 h
135mXe 15.36 m
138Xe 14.13 m
Cesium Cs 55 134Cs 2.062 yr
135Cs 2.3 × 106 yr
136Cs 13.16 d
137Cs 30.17 yr
138Cs 32.2 m
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135mBa 28.7 h
137mBa 2.552 m
140Ba 12.789 d
Lanthanum La 57 140La 40.22 h
Cerium Ce 58 141Ce 32.50 d
143Ce 33.0 h
144Ce 284.3 d
Praseodymium Pr 59 143Pr 13.56 d
144Pr 17.28 m
144mPr 7.2 m
Neodymium Nd 60 147Nd 10.98 d
Promethium Pm 61 145Pm 17.7 yr
147Pm 2.6234 yr
Samarium Sm 62 147Sm 1.069 × 1011 yr
151Sm 90 yr
Europium Eu 63 152Eu 13.6 yr
152mEu 9.32 h
154Eu 8.8 yr
155Eu 4.96 yr
Gadolinium Gd 64 153Gd 241.6 d
Terbium Tb 65 160Tb 72.3 d
Holmium Ho 67 166Ho 26.80 h
166mHo 1.20 × 103 yr
Thulium Tm 69 170Tm 128.6 d
Ytterbium Yb 70 169Yb 31.97 d
Hafnium Hf 72 181Hf 42.39 d
Tantalum Ta 73 182Ta 114.74 d
Tungsten W 74 187W 23.83 h
Iridium Ir 77 192Ir 74.02 d
Gold Au 79 198Au 2.696 d
Mercury Hg 80 203Hg 46.60 d
Thallium Tl 81 204Tl 3.779 yr
Lead Pb 82 210Pb 22.26 yr
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210Bi 5.013 d
Polonium Po 84 210Po 138.378 d
Francium Fr 87 223Fr 21.8 m
Radon Rn 86 218Rn 0.035 s
219Rn 3.96 s
220Rn 55.61 s
222Rn 3.8235 d
Radium Ra 88 226Ra 1600 yr
227Ra 42.2 m
Actinium Ac 89 227Ac 21.773 yr
228Ac 6.13 h
Thorium Th 90 227Th 18.718 d
228Th 1.9132 yr
230Th 7.7 × 104 yr
231Th 25.52 h
232Th 1.405 × 1010 yr
Protactinium Pa 91 231Pa 3.276 × 104 yr
233Pa 27.0 d
Uranium U 92 232U 72 yr
233U 1.592 × 105 yr
234U 2.445 × 105 yr
235U 7.038 × 108 yr
236U 2.3415 × 107 yr
238U 4.468 × 109 yr
Neptunium Np 93 237Np 2.14 × 106 yr
239Np 2.355 d
Curium Cm 96 242Cm 163.2 d
243Cm 28.5 yr
244Cm 18.11 yr
245Cm 8.5 × 103 yr
Californium Cf 98 252Cf 2.639 yr
aThe radioisotopes are listed in the form AX, where X is the symbol for the element and A is the
atomic mass number. When the atomic mass number is followed by an "m," it indicates that the
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radioisotope is "metastable." Metastable states are excited nuclear states that have a half-life long
enough to be observed.
bIn this column, s = second, m = minute, d = day, h = hour, and yr = year.
Sources: Turner (1986), DOE/TIC-11026.
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