Application of Geosynthetics

1. Introduction to Geosynthetic Materials

2. Types of Geosynthetic Materials
3. Functions and Applications of
Geosynthetic Materials
4. Non woven and woven geotextile
5. Geogrid for slope repair works
6. Reinforced Gabion mesh wall system
7. Conclusion – Q & A
GEOSYNTHETICS PRODUCT
Nonwoven Geotextiles
Woven Polypropylene Geotextiles
Woven High Strength Polyester Geotextiles
Composite Geotextiles
Directionally Reinforced Nonwovens
Knitted Polyester Geogrids
HDPE Geocells
Prefabricated Vertical Drains
Erosion Control Mat
 Malaysia’s Soft Ground
• Soft Ground
– Shear strength < 40 kPa (BS5930)
– Easily remoulded with hand
– Highly compressible
– Very low permeability / impermeable
– Usually has low Cv (0.5 – 1.5m2/yr)
• Alluvium
– Soil deposited by water (river, flood etc)
• The location of soft coastal alluvium in
Peninsular Malaysia:
Problems of Road Constructions
• Stability
– Deep seated slip failure
– Translational slip failure
• Settlement
– Total settlement
– Differential settlement
• See Fig 02 for various possible mode of
instability
Fig. 2
Redesign
the road
geometry

Environmental
friendly Improve
both settl. & For high
stability, for embankment
med. – high , expensive
Cheapest
solution, embankmen
time t
consuming

Improve
stability

Most cost-
Can improve effective,
differential provided bearing
settlement, for FOS is ok
low embankment
Nonwoven Geotextiles

Mechanically bonded nonwoven Thermally bonded nonwoven

 Roles of Geosynthetics

 Separator
 Reinforcement
 Drainage
 Filter
 Energy absorber
 Container
 Barrier
Nonwoven Geotextiles
• Randomly oriented filaments or fibres
• Length of elements:
• Continuous filaments (endless)
• Cut filaments (staple fibre - length
• 50 to 300 mm)
• Bonding:
– Mechanical (needle-punching)
– Chemical
– Thermal (heat-bonding, melting)
Nonwoven Geotextiles

Polypropylene or Polyester
UV Stabilized
Needle-punched
 MTS Series
 Nonwoven Geotextile
Nonwoven Geotextile Fibres are subdivided
into two categories namely:
a. Nonwoven polypropylene (PP)
b. Nonwoven polyester (PET)
Both are manufactured by needle-punched method.

Our process is by needle-punching these chemically

inert staple fibres to form a sheet of nonwoven
geotexile of high grade and quality.

Reason: This method will provide a tighter geotextile

and the fibre will not come off easily when
undergoing the abrasion test.
Nonwoven Geotextiles
• Randomly oriented filaments or fibres
• Length of elements:
– Continuous filaments (endless)
– Cut filaments (staple fibre - length 50 to 300
mm)
• Bonding:
– Mechanical (needle-punching)
Functions and application of non-woven
geotextiles
1. Sub-surface drainage
Subsoil drainage when wraps with non-woven geotextile can
reduce the migration of soils into the drainage system. Hence
can control the migration of soil.
(The Darcy permeability of the ground soil condition will
determine the type of nonwoven geotextile to be used)

2. Separators and Filter geotextiles

- Reduce and prevent the migration of road
aggregrate into unsuitable material.
- Prevent migration of railway embankment ballast
into subgrade whilst ensuring free drainage.
- Act as filter geotextile between rocks and soils
interface.
(In this case the nonwoven geotextile will separate and
maintain separate dissimilar materials. The main purpose of
this type of nonwoven geotextile is that water gets into the soil
strata, the geotextile will prevent soils from mixing.)
Non-woven Geotextile
Function

Separator Filter
 Nonwoven geotextile as filter
purposes
Geotextile Filtration is As per the specification
defined as “The written by JKR for the
equilibrium soil to “Standard Specification for
geotextile system that Road Works-Section3:
allows for adequate liquid Drainage Works” or
flow with limited soil loss JKR/SPJ/2013-S3 (JKR
across the plane of the 21300-0057-14), it states
geotextile over a service that on page S3-13 for
lifetime compatible with 1.Filtration requirement,
the application under 2.Permeability requirement
consideration.
 JKR/SPJ/2013-S3-Drainage Works
1. Filtration requirement.
Equivalent opening size of the filter cloth
determined by sieving as described in ASTM
D422 shall be less than the eighty-five (85)
percentage size of the adjacent soil.
2. Permeability Requirement.
The quivalent Darcy Permeability of the filter
cloth shall be greater than 10 times the
Darcy Permeability of the soil to be drained.
Physical Property Requirements For Filter Cloth
from (JKR/SPJ/2013-S3)
Water Permeability of Soil and Sand
Example
 Calculation and specification
on the permeability of nonwoven geotextile

Permeability As Per JKR requirement,

• Permeability is commonly • Permeability of the nonwoven
measured in terms of the rate geotextile is 10 times that of the
of water flow through the soil Darcy permeability of the soil.
in a given period of time. It is Hence, if the permeability, K of
usually expressed either as a the silty Sand is 1x 10-5m/s, then
permeability rate in • Permeability of the nonwoven
centimetres per hour (cm/h), geotextile is
millimetres per hour (mm/h),
or centimetres per day (cm/d), = 10 X 1x 10-5m/s = 1x 10-4m/s
or as a coefficient of which is less than 1 l/m2.sec.
permeability k in metres per Hence you do not need a very high
second (m/s) or in centimetres permeability nonwoven geotextile as
per second (cm/s). a filter cloth as explained in clause in
JKR/SPJ/2013-S3.
Minumum Permeability Requirement
of nonwoven geotextile as Filter . *1

Groundwater condition of
Subgrade Q50 (l/m2.sec)
1. Where no groundwater Q50 > 5
movement in the subgrade or
it is stagnant water.
2. When the subgrade is mostly Q50 > 25
granular.
3. When the subgrade is mostly Q50 > 25
silt and silty sand
4. When the subgrade is clay or of
mostly clayey content. Q50 > 10

Q50 is the Flow rate of the nonwoven geotextile with 50mm

Head
Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation, USA.
Separation Function in
Road Embankment Construction

Geosynthetic Materials
1. Nonwoven Geotextiles
2. Woven Geotextiles

Embankment Fill

Geosynthetic Suitable Fill Material

Soft Clay

Separation of Fill Material from Soft Natural Ground

Upper Gulf of Thailand, Bangkok
Non-woven MTS200
Using Non-Woven Geotextile As Subsoil
Drainage System.

Non-woven
geotextile,
140g/m2
 Comparison between TS20 and MTS135
COMPARISON BETWEEN
AS SPECIFIED SPECIFICATION & MTS 135 NON WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Description Unit As Specified Specification, TS20 MTS 135 Comment

Test Method

Mass g/m2 EN ISO 9864 ≥ 125 ≥ 135 Comply

Thickness at 2 kPa pressure mm EN ISO 9863 ≥ 1.2 ≥ 1.08 Note: 1 & 2

Mechanical Property

Minimum tensile strength kN/m ISO 10319 ≥ 9.5 ≥ 10.3 Comply

Minimum tensile Elongation % ISO 10319 ≥ 35 ≥ 55 Comply

Minimum CBR Puncture Resistance N ISO 12236 ≥ 1500 ≥ 1500 Comply

Vertical Water Flow @ 50mm head l/m2/s EN ISO 11058 115 ≥ 75 Note: 2 & 3

Horizontal water flow l/m.hr ASTM D4632 4 NA Application more for

coastal works.
NA-Not Available
Note:
1. Not a main criteria to use as a measurement for filter and as a separator. The main criteria is the puncture resistance, trapezoidal tear and the
grab strength requirement.
2. As per (JKR/SPJ/2013-S3-Drainage Works) S-14 (Pg. 14) (d) Permeability Requirement of Filter cloth.
The equivalent Darcy Permeability of the filter cloth shall be greater than 10 times the Darcy Permeability of the soil to be drained. As shown in the attachment.
3. International Table by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Geotextile Requirements Based on Application Area.
 Comparison between TS50 and MTS 200
COMPARISON BETWEEN
AS SPECIFIED SPECIFICATION & MTS 200 NON-WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Description Unit As Specified Specification, TS50 MTS200 Comment

Test Method

Mass g/m2 EN ISO 9864 ≥ 200 ≥ 200 Comply

Thickness at 2 kPa pressure mm EN ISO 9863 ≥ 1.9 ≥ 1.29 Note 1

Mechanical Property

Minimum tensile strength kN/m ISO 10319 ≥ 15 ≥ 15 Comply

Minimum tensile Elongation % ISO 10319 ≥ 35 ≥ 55 Comply

Minimum CBR Puncture Resistance N ISO 12236 ≥ 2350 ≥ 2350 Comply

Vertical Water Flow @ 50mm head l/m2/s EN ISO 11058 85 ≥ 65 Note 2 & 3

Horizontal water flow l/m.hr ASTM D4632 11 NA Application more for

coastal works.
NA-Not Available
Note:
1. Not a main criteria to use as a measurement for filter and as a separator. The main criteria is the puncture resistance, trapezoidal tear and the
grab strength requirement.
2. As per (JKR/SPJ/2013-S3-Drainage Works) S-14 (Pg. 14) (d) Permeability Requirement of Filter cloth.
The equivalent Darcy Permeability of the filter cloth shall be greater than 10 times the Darcy Permeability of the soil to be drained. As shown
in the attachment.
3. International Table by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Geotextile Requirements Based on Application Area. Thickness is not
the main criteria for filter and also for separator.
 Comparison between TS80 and MTS400
COMPARISON BETWEEN
AS SPECIFIED SPECIFICATION (TS80) & MTS 400 NON WOVEN GEOTEXTILES

Description Unit As Specified Specification, TS80 MTS400 Comment

Test Method

Mass g/m2 EN ISO 9864 ≥ 400 ≥ 400 Comply

Thickness at 2 kPa pressure mm EN ISO 9863 ≥ 3.2 ≥ 2.4 Note 1

Mechanical Property

Minimum tensile strength kN/m ISO 10319 ≥ 28 ≥ 31 Comply

Minimum tensile Elongation % ISO 10319 ≥ 80/40 ≥ 64/72 Comply

(MD/CD)

Minimum CBR Puncture Resistance N ISO 12236 ≥ 4250 ≥ 4200 Within the 5%
tolerance

Vertical Water Flow @ 50mm head l/m2/s EN ISO 11058 50 45 Note 2

Note:
1. Not a main criterion to use as a measurement for filter and as a separator. The main criteria are the puncture resistance, trapezoidal tear and the
grab strength requirement.
2. As per (JKR/SPJ/2013-S3-Drainage Works) S-14 (Pg. 14) (d) Permeability Requirement of Filter cloth.
The equivalent Darcy Permeability of the filter cloth shall be greater than 10 times the Darcy Permeability of the soil to be drained. As shown in the
attachment.
Woven Polyester High
Strength Geotextiles
100kN/m x 50kN/m -
1000kN/m x 100kN/m
High Tenacity Polyester Yarns
Design life – 114 years
Tested at International
Laboratories for Creep value
Why Use High Strength
Woven Geotextiles?.
– High tensile strength (100 to 1000 kN/m) is an
economical alternative design solution for
problematic soil condition.
– Low creep behaviour and low elongation
(<10%) to ensure long term stability of the
reinforcement system.
– GeoMats exhibits a better fabric stability and
behaves as a soil reinforcement composite for
optimum performance.
 Differences between Polyester and Polypropylene
Woven Geotextiles
Woven Polyester Geotextile Woven Polypropylene Geotextile
1. Low creep factor for long term 1. High creep factor for long
design. term design.
2. Low elongation and hence can 2. High elongation as compare to
achieve a high design values at polyester between 15% to 20%.
2% an 5% elongation.
3. Polyester material by nature 3. Polypropylene will deteriorate
itself will stabilize itself when with sunlight and hence has to add
in contact with sunlight. in carbon black as a stabilizer.
4. The polyester yarn will be 4. Will need a heavier weight in
much stronger and required a order to achieve the same strength
lower weight to get the same as in woven polyester geotextile.
strength as in woven
polypropylene geotextile
Installation of Woven Geotextiles
Stitching of geotextile
KLIA Bulk Earthwork, Perimeter Roads and Runway Crash
Roads, Malaysia
 Road Construction

North-South Expressway, Malaysia

 Comparison between PET400 and GML40
COMPARISON BETWEEN
AS SPECIFIED SPECIFICATION, PET400 WITH GEOMATS, GML40 WOVEN POLYESTER GEOTEXTILES

Description Unit As Specified Specification, GML40, Fibromat Comment

PET400

Mechanical Properties Test Method

Short term tensile strength (MD) kN/m ISO 10319 400 400 Comply

Short term tensile strength (CD) kN/m ISO 10319 50 50 Comply

Strain at short term strength % ISO 10319 (10/-) (10/10) Comply

(MD/CD)

Partial factor-creep rupture 1.45 1.42 Better

at 120 years design life

Creep limited strength 276 282 Better

at 120 years design life

Partial factor-construction damage 1.10 1.02 Better

in clay, silt or sand

Partial factor-environmental effects 1.10 1.10 Note: 2 & 3

in soil environment, ph<1

Long term design strengths in clay, 228 251 Higher and better
silt or sand design strength value.
Woven Polypropylene
Geotextiles

Up to 4m wide
140gsm – 350gsm
Flat and Twisted PP Yarns
UV Stabilized
 Woven Polypropylene Geotextile
The tensile is usually less than 200 kN/m.
Woven PP are in the following areas;
1. The embankment is not very high.
2. As silt trap fence on sloping area
3. As geobags and container bags for
chemical material that are reactive
with metal containers.
 For road with low embankment

Project in Malaysia
 Reinforcing the World with Geogrid

G E O G R I D ’ S A P P L I C AT I O N S
Short Video Clip of Slope Failure
 Geogrids

Integral junction geogrids Woven junction geogrids

 FibroGrid-Reinforcement Geogrid

• Fibrogrid is manufactured from high tenacity polyester

(PET) yarns, knitted to form a structured grid with
polymeric coating protection to prevent damages to the
yarns when installing.
• Fibrogrid are used to enhance and strengthen the
boundaries of soil reinforcement. Fibrogrids are
structured to reinforced the soil particles/sand and to
interacts with the soil/sand to substantially improve the
shear strength resistance and strength of the soil/sand.
• Hence, Fibrogrid is suitable to reinforce slope and
embankment for roads and railways.
 Application of Fibrogrids
• Improve the stability of fill slope
• New embankment construction
• Slope remedial works
• Road widening projects
• Bunds for noise pollution
• Basal reinforcement road and highway
construction
FibroGrid Specification
SLOPE REINFORCEMENT: FEW APPLICATION EXAMPLES
Advantages of Geosynthetics Reinforced Soil Structures
•Wide choice of facing systems

Gabion facing system Natural vegetated facing

Block wall facing system

E M B A N K M E N T A P P L I C A T I O N

B - Original embankment profile

R - Cutting profile
S - Saving of right of way
U - Fill soil saving
Z - New railway line
SLOPE REINFORCEMENT WITH WELDED WIRE FORMWORKS AND TRM
 S L O P E A P P L I C A T I O N

SLOPE REINFORCEMENT WITH WELDED WIRE

FORMWORKS AND VERY LIGHT GEOTEXTILE
L A N D S L I D E F A I L U R E R E P A I R
Installation of geogrids in slope

1 4

2 5

3 6
Reinforcing the World with Geogrid

LOCAL CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
CASE STUDY 1: PANDAN BISTARI, CHERAS GEOGRID WALL
 CASE STUDY 1: MOUNT ESTEIN

7.5m Height Omega Wall , Housing Development at Johor

 CASE STUDY 2: CYBERJAYA

6.0 m height Omega Wall, HP University , Cyberjaya

 CASE STUDY 2: CYBERJAYA

6.0 m height Omega Wall, HP University , Cyberjaya

 CASE STUDY 3: PERAK

5m Height Omega Wall, Jeti, Sungai Perak

 CASE STUDY 3: PUTRAJAYA

30m height with 5 berm slope , Omega Wall, Iraqi Embassy, Putrajaya
 CASE STUDY 3: PAHANG

5.5m Height Omega wall along sea side, Swiss garden resort ,
PJD Development, Kuantan
 CASE STUDY 3: PAHANG

5.5m Height Omega wall along sea side, Swiss garden resort ,
PJD Development, Kuantan
FIBROCELL
 FIBROCELL
Cellular Confinement System
– Three dimensional lightweight
and flexible mattress
– Made from high density
polyethylene (HDPE) strips with
ultrsonic bonding to form a
honey-comb cellular
confinement structure.
 Functions of Fibrocell
1. Slope Stabilization and Protection
2. Channel and River Protection
3. Enhance the Bearing Capacity of Soft
Ground
4. Erosion Control Solution for cut slope
 Applications:

– Road Base Protection

• Combining fibrocell with selected infill
material will improve and enhance the load
bearing capacity by significantly reducing
sub-grade contact pressure through lateral
road distribution.
• This will retard the creation of deep
grooves and prevents movement of soil
particles.
Road Base Stabilization
• Slope Protection
– Slopes encountering difficulties in
vegetative growth can made full use of
fibrocell.
– Fibrocell with fertilized infill soil
material will ensure vegetative growth
and hence prevent surface erosion for
acidic or hard rocky steep slopes.
 Retaining Wall System

– Fibrocell can be used to construct flexible

retaining wall system to optimize space
usage
– When stacked with set back, Fibrocell will
form a stable gravity retaining wall system.
– The infill material can be either granular or
concrete depending on the function of the
infill material and its design.
Few months later overgrown with grass.
 Channel Protection
• Fibrocell can be used to protect channels
or river-banks against erosion by strong
and rapid water flows.
• Effective to prevent scouring and protect
shallow slope failures.
• Provides economic solutions to problems
relating to irrigation and drainage.
On the applications of Fibrocells
- Cellular Confinement System
Environmentally green – completed .
Prefabricated
Vertical Drain
Standard Excavator Rig
Installation

START
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.

NEXT
Prefabricated
Vertical Wick Drains
(PVD’s) are installed
from a working
surface generally
consisting of sand
or other free
draining materials.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.

NEXT
The wick drains are
installed by a
specially equipped
excavator.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.

NEXT
Using static
hydraulic force, the
wick drains are
installed to the
bottom of the
compressible layer.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using a
specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using a
specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially
designed anchor
plate. The mandrel
is withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drains is
anchored at the
desired depth using a
specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.

NEXT
The wick drain is
anchored at the
desired depth using
a specially designed
anchor plate. The
mandrel is
withdrawn.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and the
rig moves to install the
next wick drain.
The wick is cut and the
rig moves to install the
next wick drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.

NEXT
The wick is cut and
the rig moves to
install the next wick
drain.
Upon completion of
the wick drain
installation, a
surcharge can be
placed over the site
to aid in allowing the
trapped pore water
to escape from the
soil.

NEXT
Upon completion of
the wick drain
installation, a
surcharge can be
placed over the site
to aid in allowing the
trapped pore water
to escape from the
soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand layer
will carry off the flow of
pore water from the
soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand layer
will carry off the flow of
pore water from the
soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.

NEXT
The drainage layer at
the surface or the
interbedded sand
layer will carry off
the flow of pore
water from the soil.
As water is removed
from the soil,
consolidation occurs
and the entire site
begins to settle.
Construction can begin
in a period of months,
not years.

DONE
PVD project, Kg.Sg.Bako, Kuching
Green MSE Wall System
Bracket to the angle required
Wide angle lens of the 1800
curve
 River Revetment, Flood Control
and Mitigation
Where it is too expensive to import stone, sand
filled geotextile mattress is the environmentally
attractive solution where currents are not too
severe, but sufficiently great to cause erosion.
Why use Profix- Flexible Tubular
Mattress?
– Economical
– Ease of installation
– Environmentally friendly - instant green
appearance
– Flexible and can easily adjust to the
contour.
– Permeable - encourage growth of micro-
organism.
 River Revetment, Flood Control
and Mitigation

Sungei Gombak Revetment Work, KL, Malaysia

.
Sg. Klang, Selangor, Malaysia.
.
SILT CURTAIN or SILT PROTECTOR
Silt Protector
Silt Protector commonly called Silt
Curtain is a flexible curtain membrane
that is made of high strength woven
polyester geotextiles with floats that
hang the curtain in the water
together with the “mooring system”
to stabilize the whole silt protection
system.
Function of Silt Protector
The purpose of the silt protector curtain is to
prevent diffusion of pollution generated in
dredging and reclamation works on the seas
or rivers. Scientific researches in marine life
and organisms have found that fine silt
particles will affect the living conditions of
sea creatures and its environment.
Hence it is of utmost importance to protect
the benthic organisms and marine life by
using silt protector.
Effect of using Silt Protector
Curtain
Silt Protector generally provides the following
effects on prevention of diffusion of pollution in
the sea.
• Acceleration of settlement of silt by interference
of particles.
- Installation of the Silt Protector suppresses
diffusion of the pollution and make the soil
particles interfere with each other to
accelerate their settlement
• Reduction of distance required to settle the silt
- Installation of the Silt Protector narrows the
settlement range, resulting in minimizing the
diffusion of pollution after the unit.
Application of Silt Protector
Dredging Works
• Cutter suction dredging
• Grab dredging
• Hopper suction dredging
Offshore dumping Works
• from hopper barge
Reclamation Works
• substitution for dike
• spillage drainage
Structural Analysis
The specification for the Silt Protector to be used are
determined based on the external conditions of
the site such as:
• wind speed
• current speed
• wave height
• height of curtain
• depth of water

With these information, we can proceed to design the

Silt Protector using some standard formulae to
calculate the float sizes, chain weight, silt curtain
strength, and the whole mooring system ( size of
concrete blocks, cable strength, individual floats)
Installation of Silt Protector
Installation using Barge
Penang island.
Putra Jaya
Putra Jaya
 Marine Dyke
These are long geotextile/geocomposite tubes,
hydraulically filled with soil or sand to be use as
marine and hydraulic structures. Marine Dykes
are custom-made and supplied in various sizes
and lengths to suit design and installation
requirements.
Shoreline Erosion Problems
Current Shoreline Protection Options

Rock Revetment
Geotextile Tube at St. Regis Hotel,
Langkawi
Geotextile tube at St. Regis Hotel, Langkawi
Geotextile Tube at St. Regis Hotel,
Langkawi.
Hotel St. Regis, Langkawi
Hotel St. Regis, Langkawi
Hotel St.Regis, Langkawi
Slurry Filling, Indonesia.
Finished Geotextile Tubes, Indonesia.
The Way Forward
Letter of Exclusivity Award

Detailed Construction
Concept
Proposal Negotiation and
Proposal
Study Implementation
Design Analysis for
slope

Basic requirement
 Basic Requirement.
1. Get the SI ready for the designer
2. Type of backfill material to be
used(Laterite, sand or aggregates)
3. Cohesiveness and friction angle of the soils
to be considered.
4. Base information and if no SI values, check
if there is any JKR probe being done.
5. Profile of the areas, its length and height,
degree of slope, existing x-sections, and
what type of system you want.
Section 178 at KM69
Section 188 at KM79
Section 196 at KM87
 GAI-LAP
Geosynthetic Accrediation Institute-Laboratory
Accreditation Program
In January of 1995, GAI set out on a mission to accredit
geosynthetic test laboratories. Accreditation is defined as
the formal recognition that a testing laboratory is
competent to carry out specific tests which are
individually accredited. This program is a test-by-test
accreditation program which is based on site audits and
annual proficiency tests.
 GAI-LAP
• The Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute-
Laboratory Accreditation Program (GAI-LAP)
was initiated following numerous requests to
accredit the operations of testing laboratories
within the geosynthetic community. The
program is intended to ensure that the
specific laboratory is capable of properly
rendering the tests that they contract to
perform.
 GAI-LAP
• Up-to-date there are more than 60
accreditated laboratories under GAI-LAP.
There 3 categories under these
accreditations namely:
• 1. Third party independent laboratory
• 2. Research Institute
• 3. Manufacturer QC laboratory
(In-house testing and control only)
 GAI-LAP
Of these only 17 laboratories can perform the
Third party independent laboratory testing. The
rest are mostly for in-house manufacturer QC
testing of their own respective products.
The 17 laboratories are as followed:
Lab #1 - TRI/Environmental
Lab #2 - Golder Associates, Inc.
Lab #3 - Geosynthetic Institute
Lab #4- TRI Environmental Inc. (Precision
Geosynthetic Laboratories)
 GAI-LAP
• Lab #5- Geotechnics, Inc.
Lab #6 - GeoTesting Express
• Lab #7 – FITI Testing & Research Institute -
GSI-Korea
• Lab #8 –Geo-Logic Inc.
• Lab #9 - SAGEOS/CTT Group
• Lab #10 - SGI Testing Services, LLC
• Lab #11 - NPUST (GSI-Taiwan)
 GAI-LAP
• Lab. #12 - Ardaman & Associates Inc.
• Lab. #13 TRI Environmental Inc. (Denver
Downs Research Facility)
• Lab. #14 Bombay Textile Research Assoc.
• Lab. #15 Microbac Laboratories Inc.
• Lab. #16 RSA Geolab, LLC
• Lab. #17 TRI Geosynthetic Testing and
Services (Suzhou)
•
 Quality Assurance
Besides having our in-house testing facility
we also send our products to a third party
independent laboratory at FITI in South
Korea for client re-assurance.
 Geosynthetic Systems
In General Application
For more details visit our website :
http://www.fibromat.co.my/products
Reinforcing the World with Geogrid

E N D O F P R E S E
END OF PRESENTATIOn N T A T I O n