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Active Structures Such As Shells and Folded Plates, Form-Active Structures Such As Cable or Membrane

Buildings, aircraft, skeletons, anthills, beaver dams and salt domes are all examples of load-bearing structures that are divided into building and non-building categories. Structural elements can be classified as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional based on their dimensions. Common load-bearing structures are section-active frames composed primarily of bending one-dimensional structures. Biological structures like bones and shells derive their strength from a hierarchy of biomineral and protein structures down to the collagen fibril level.

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25 views1 page

Active Structures Such As Shells and Folded Plates, Form-Active Structures Such As Cable or Membrane

Buildings, aircraft, skeletons, anthills, beaver dams and salt domes are all examples of load-bearing structures that are divided into building and non-building categories. Structural elements can be classified as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional based on their dimensions. Common load-bearing structures are section-active frames composed primarily of bending one-dimensional structures. Biological structures like bones and shells derive their strength from a hierarchy of biomineral and protein structures down to the collagen fibril level.

Uploaded by

Anamaria-Ileana Lăzăroiu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Buildings, aircraft, skeletons, anthills, beaver dams and salt domes are all examples of load-bearing

structures. The results of construction are divided into buildings and non-building structures, and
make up the infrastructure of a human society. Built structures are broadly divided by their varying
design approaches and standards, into categories including building structures, architectural
structures, civil engineering structures and mechanical structures.
The effects of loads on physical structures are determined through structural analysis, which is one
of the tasks of structural engineering. The structural elements can be classified as one-dimensional
(ropes, struts, beams, arches), two-dimensional (membranes, plates, slab, shells, vaults), or three-
dimensional (solid masses).[2]:2 The latter was the main option available to early structures such
as Chichen Itza. A one-dimensional element has one dimension much larger than the other two, so
the other dimensions can be neglected in calculations; however, the ratio of the smaller dimensions
and the composition can determine the flexural and compressive stiffness of the element. Two-
dimensional elements with a thin third dimension have little of either but can resist biaxial traction.[2]:2–
3

The structure elements are combined in structural systems. The majority of everyday load-bearing
structures are section-active structures like frames, which are primarily composed of one-
dimensional (bending) structures. Other types are Vector-active structures such as trusses, surface-
active structures such as shells and folded plates, form-active structures such as cable or membrane
structures, and hybrid structures.[3]:134–136
Load-bearing biological structures such as bones, teeth, shells, and tendons derive their strength
from a multilevel hierarchy of structures employing biominerals and proteins, at the bottom of which
are collagen fibrils.[4]

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