Brush up Python
December 20, 2018
0.1 1. Basics
In [1]: # printing any value
print("Hello")
Hello
0.1.1 Variable
A variable is a reserved memory location to store values. A varaiable name must begin alpha-
bet/underscore followed by alphabets/numbers/underscores
In [2]: # python data types
number = 3
float_number = 99.99
character = 'a'
string = "Hello, World!"
print(number, type(number))
print(float_number, type(float_number))
print(character, type(character))
print(string, type(string))
3 <class 'int'>
99.99 <class 'float'>
a <class 'str'>
Hello, World! <class 'str'>
In [3]: # writing basic operations
a = 6
b = 2
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)
print(a/b)
print(a%b)
1
8
4
12
3.0
0
In [4]: # getting input
number = input("Enter a number: ")
print(number, type(number))
Enter a number: 3
3 <class 'str'>
In [5]: # casting string to integer
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(number, type(number))
print("Square of the number:", number**2)
Enter a number: 3
3 <class 'int'>
Square of the number: 9
0.2 3. Python Built-in Data Structures
0.2.1 3.1. List
• List is an ordered collection of data.
• It is mutable and allow duplicates.
• It list is created by enclosing the data items with in square brackets delimited by ","
In [6]: # Creating a list
marks = [35, 68, 96, 80, 90]
print(marks)
[35, 68, 96, 80, 90]
In [7]: # Indexing list elements
print("marks[0] : %d" % marks[0])
print("marks[len(marks)-1] : %d" % marks[len(marks)-1])
print("marks[-1] : %d" % marks[-1])
marks[0] : 35
marks[len(marks)-1] : 90
marks[-1] : 90
2
In [8]: # Modifying list elemets
marks[0] = 38
print(marks)
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90]
In [9]: # Slicing the list
# Syntax: list[start:end(exclusive)]
print(marks[0:len(marks)])
print(marks[:len(marks)])
print(marks[0:])
print(marks[:])
print(marks[2:4])
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90]
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90]
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90]
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90]
[96, 80]
In [10]: # Adding and removing list elements
marks.append(89)
print(marks)
marks.insert(1, 70)
print(marks)
marks.remove(70)
print(marks)
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90, 89]
[38, 70, 68, 96, 80, 90, 89]
[38, 68, 96, 80, 90, 89]
In [11]: # sorting list elements
print(sorted(marks))
print(sorted(marks, reverse=True))
[38, 68, 80, 89, 90, 96]
[96, 90, 89, 80, 68, 38]
In [12]: # List Comprehesion
pass_mark = 50
marks_new = [mark for mark in marks if mark > pass_mark]
print(marks_new)
3
[68, 96, 80, 90, 89]
0.2.2 3.2. Tuple
• Tuple is an ordered collection of data.
• It is immutable and allow duplicates.
• It list is created by enclosing the data items with in round brackets delimited by ","
In [13]: # Creating a tuple
marks = (35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
print(marks)
(35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
In [14]: # Indexing tuple elements
print("marks[0] : %d" % marks[0])
print("marks[len(marks)-1] : %d" % marks[len(marks)-1])
print("marks[-1] : %d" % marks[-1])
marks[0] : 35
marks[len(marks)-1] : 90
marks[-1] : 90
In [15]: # Note: We cannot modify the elemnts in a tuple
#marks[0] = 38
print(marks)
(35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
In [16]: # Slicing the tuple
# Syntax: tuple[start:end(exclusive)]
print(marks[0:len(marks)])
print(marks[:len(marks)])
print(marks[0:])
print(marks[:])
print(marks[2:4])
(35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
(35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
(35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
(35, 68, 96, 80, 90)
(96, 80)
4
In [17]: # tuple Comprehesion
pass_mark = 50
marks_new = tuple((mark for mark in marks if mark > pass_mark))
print(marks_new)
(68, 96, 80, 90)
0.2.3 3.3. Set
• Set is an unordered collection of data.
• It is mutable and does not allow duplicates.
• It is created by enclosing the data items with in curly brackets delimited by ","
In [18]: cities = {"Madras", "Delhi", "Bombay", "Calcutta", "Madras"}
print(cities)
{'Bombay', 'Delhi', 'Madras', 'Calcutta'}
In [19]: # Set Operations
a = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b = {4, 5, 6}
# Set Union
print(a | b)
# Set Intersection
print(a & b)
# Set Difference
print(a - b)
# Symmetric Difference
print(a ^ b)
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{4}
{1, 2, 3}
{1, 2, 3, 5, 6}
In [20]: # Adding and removing set elements
a.add(7)
print(a)
a.remove(7)
print(a)
5
{1, 2, 3, 4, 7}
{1, 2, 3, 4}
0.2.4 3.4. Dictionary
• Dictionary is an unordered collection of key-values pairs.
• It is mutable.
• It is created by enclosing the key-value parirs (key:value) with in curly brackets delimited
by ","
In [21]: student = {"name":"Gokul", "reg_no":"15IT026", "course":"BTech"}
print(student)
{'name': 'Gokul', 'reg_no': '15IT026', 'course': 'BTech'}
In [22]: # Accessing elements
print(student["course"])
for key, value in student.items():
print("Key: %s ; Value: %s" % (key, value))
BTech
Key: name ; Value: Gokul
Key: reg_no ; Value: 15IT026
Key: course ; Value: BTech
0.2.5 3.5. String
• A string is a sequence of charactes
• It is immutable.
• It is created by enclosing text with single/double/triple quotes
In [23]: word = "Malayalam"
print(word)
Malayalam
In [24]: # String operations
print(word.lower())
print(word.upper())
print(len(word))
print(word.startswith("A"))
print(word.endswith("m"))
6
malayalam
MALAYALAM
9
False
True
In [25]: # Slicing the string
print(word[0:5])
Malay
In [26]: # Coverting string to a list of characters
print(list(word))
['M', 'a', 'l', 'a', 'y', 'a', 'l', 'a', 'm']
In [27]: # splitting the text
sentence = "I love deep learning"
words = sentence.split(" ")
print(words)
['I', 'love', 'deep', 'learning']
In [28]: # finding length of a list
print(len(words))
0.3 4. Control Structures
’if...else’ syntax:
if CONDITION:
code block 1
elif CONDITION:
code block 2
...
else:
code block n
In [29]: a = 3
b = 5
if a > b:
print("a is greater than b")
7
In [30]: if a > b:
print("a is greater than b")
else:
print("b is greater than a")
b is greater than a
In [31]: score = 80
grade = None
if score > 90:
grade = "A"
elif score > 80:
grade = "B"
elif score > 70:
grade = "C"
elif score > 60:
grade = "D"
elif score > 50:
grade = "E"
else:
grade = "F"
print("Grade: " + grade)
Grade: C
’for’ syntax:
for ELEMENT in SEQUENCE:
code block
In [32]: ofl_team = ["mitesh", "pratyush", "ananya", "rohith", "prem", "gokul"]
for person in ofl_team:
mail = person + "@onefourthlabs.com"
print(mail)
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
In [33]: for i in range(len(ofl_team)):
mail = ofl_team[i] + "@onefourthlabs.com"
print(mail)
8
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
’while’ syntax:
while CONDITION:
code block
In [34]: n = int(input("Enter a number: "))
n_factorial = 1
x = 2
while x <= n:
n_factorial = n_factorial * x
x = x+1
print("%d! = %d" % (n, n_factorial))
Enter a number: 5
5! = 120
0.4 5. Functions
• A function is a block of code that can be reused.
• It is defined using the ’def’ keyword in python.
Function syntax:
def function_name(parameters):
code...
return value
In [35]: # Defining the function
def area_of_square(length, breadth):
area = length*breadth
return area
In [36]: # Calling the function
area_of_square(2, 3)
Out[36]: 6
9
In [37]: # Function with default arguments
def greet(name=""):
print("Hello " + name)
greet("Harish")
greet()
Hello Harish
Hello
10
