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Intergumentary System

The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures. It has several key functions including protection, temperature regulation, synthesis of vitamin D, waterproofing, and detection of stimuli. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium in either thick or thin variations consisting of basal, spinous, granular, and stratum corneum layers. Skin color is determined by epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation. The dermis lies underneath and contains papillary and reticular layers with blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. Accessory structures include hair, nails, and glands.

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Akihiro Furukawa
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404 views2 pages

Intergumentary System

The integumentary system consists of the skin and its accessory structures. It has several key functions including protection, temperature regulation, synthesis of vitamin D, waterproofing, and detection of stimuli. The skin is composed of two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelium in either thick or thin variations consisting of basal, spinous, granular, and stratum corneum layers. Skin color is determined by epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation. The dermis lies underneath and contains papillary and reticular layers with blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. Accessory structures include hair, nails, and glands.

Uploaded by

Akihiro Furukawa
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERGUMENTARY SYSTEM

-“Intergument”

-16% total body weight; 1.5-2 sq/m in area

2 major components: 1. Cutaneous Membrane/Skin


a. Epidermis (Epi= Above)
b. Dermis (Underlying area)

2. Accessory Structures

a. Hair b. Nails c. Multicellular exocrine


glands
- “grainy layer”
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN & SUBCUTANEOUS
- 3-5 layers of keratinocytes
LAYER:
- “keratin” & “keratohyalin”
1.Protection of underlying tissues and organs
4. STRATUM LUCIDUM- exposed in thick skin
2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes
of the palms and soles
3. Maintenance of normal body temp.
- “Clear Layer”
4. Synthesis of Vitamin D3
- Covers stratum granulosum
5. Storage of nutrients - cells are flattened, densely packed,
and filled with keratin
6. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and
temperature stimuli 5. STRATUM CORNEUM- exposed in thick
and thin skin
CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE- EPIDERMS
- 15-30 layers of keratinized cells
-Consists of stratified squamous epithelium
-water resistant but not waterproof
-“Keratinocytes”
- “insensible respiration”
a. Thick Skin- Palm hands & Soles- 5
layers SKIN COLOR
b. Thin Skin- covers the rest, 4 layers Due to: a. the Epidermal Pigmentation -Carotene-
recognized can be converted to Vitamin -Melanin- produced
by melanocytes
-0.08-0.5 mm thick ( paper towel)
b. the Dermal Circulation
LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS
- hemoglobin
1.STRATUM GERMINATIVUM- separates the epidermis
-cyanosis
from areolar tissue of the adjacent dermis.
DERMIS
-Epidermal ridges
2 COMPONENTS: (A) PAPILLARY LAYER- consists
- Dermal Papillae
of areolar tissue.
- Basal Cells
-contains caterpillar and sensory neurons
- Merkel Cells
- derives its name from “dermal papillae”
2.STRATUM SPINOSUM- consists of 8-10 layers of cells
with keratinocytes bound together by desmosomes.
(B) RETICULAR LAYER- consists pf an interwoven
- “spiny layer” meshwork of dense, irregular connective tissue.

-Langerhans cells * BOTH LAYERS CONTAIN NETWORKS OF BLOOD


VESSELS, LYMPH VESSELS, AND NERVE FIBERS
a. defense against microorganisms

b. defense superficial skin cancers SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER


-Structures originated from the epidermis
3. STRATUM GRANULOSUM
-Project through the epidermis to the integumentary
surface

GLANDS IN THE SKIN


CONSISTS OF:
2 Components : 1. Sebaceous (oil) Glands-
HAIR FOLLICALES & HAIR discharge a waxy, oily secretion into hair follicles

GLANDS IN THE SKIN 2. Sweat Glands- a. Apocrine Sweat


glands
NAILS
b. Merocrine Sweat Glands

NAILS
HAIR FOLLICLES & HAIR
- form on the dorsal surfaces of the tips of the
-2.5 million hairs, 75% general body surface
fingers and toes.
-hair is cylindrical strcuture, outward past the
- protects the exposed tips of the fingers and
epidermal surface.
toes and help limit their distortion when subjected to
HAIR ROOT- portion that anchors the hair into the mechanical stress.
skin

HAIR SHAFT- what we see, extends hal point to the


exposed tip

CUTICLE- forms the outer surface of the shaft

CORTEX- covered by cuticle, intermediate layer

PARTS OF HAIR FOLLICLES

-extends deep into the dermis

Hair papilla-base, a peg of connective tissue


containing capillaries and nerves

Hair bulb- consists of epithelial cells that surround


the hair papilla

TYPES OF HAIRS

1.Lanugo- extremely fine and unpigmented, shed


before birth

2. Vellus hairs- fine “peach fuzz”, body surface

3. Terminal Hairs- heavy, more deeply pigmented,


sometimes curly

HAIR COLOR- pigment produced by melanocytes


at the hair papilla

- different forms of melanin; dark


brown, yellow-brown, etc.

FUNCTIONS- protect your scalp from UV, help


cushion (light) blow to the head, & insulate the skull

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