1 Truss analysis
1.1 Truss type for analysis
The following truss type is selected to show truss analysis.
Figure 1: Truss type
1.2 WIND LOAD TRANSFER
Wind load acts perpendicular to the surface it applies. Figure 1 shows this scenario. Since the load
transfer mechanism is from roof cover to purlin and from purlin to truss, first the reaction on purlin
should be determined since it is the load on truss.
Figure 2: Action of wind load on a surface
The maximum suction and pressure on roof are:
𝑊𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = −0.742 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.209 𝐾𝑁/𝑚2
The load on purlin would be:
𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = −0.742 ∗ 0.9 𝑚 = −0.6678 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑚2
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𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.209 ∗ 0.9 𝑚 = 0.1881 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑚2
The reaction on truss:
3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑏 = 𝑊𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ = −1.001 𝐾𝑁
2
3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑏 = 𝑊𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 ∗ = 0.282 𝐾𝑁
2
Since this reaction act perpendicular to the roof surface they need to be resolved into x and y
direction.
𝑅𝑎𝑥 (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = 𝑅𝑏𝑥 (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = −1.001 𝐾𝑁 ∗ sin(20) = −0.342 𝐾𝑁
𝑅𝑎𝑦 (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = 𝑅𝑏𝑦 (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) = −1.001 𝐾𝑁 ∗ cos(20) = −0.941 𝐾𝑁
𝑅𝑎𝑥 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒) = 𝑅𝑏𝑥 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒) = 0.282 𝐾𝑁 ∗ sin(20) = 0.096 𝐾𝑁
𝑅𝑎𝑦 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒) = 𝑅𝑏𝑦 (𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒) = 0.282 𝐾𝑁 ∗ cos(20) = 0.265 𝐾𝑁
1.3 DEAD LOAD TRANSFER
The total dead load acting on the purlin, determined in previous step, is 0.0674 KN/m2 including
the mass of purlin. Since purlin spacing is chosen to be 0.9 m, the load on a single purlin would
be:
𝐺𝐾 = 0.0674 ∗ 0.9 = 0.061 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
Figure 3: dead load on purlin
The reaction, which is the load on truss, is
3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑏 = 0.061 ∗ = 0.091 𝐾𝑁
2
1.4 LIVE LOAD TRANSFER
EBCS-1,1995 proposes a distributed live load of 0.25 KN/m2 and 1 KN concentrated load on
inaccessible roofs. The reaction from each is the load on the truss.
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1.4.1 Distributed live load
The load on purlin due to the distributed live load case is:
𝑞𝑘 = 0.25 ∗ 0.9 = 0.225 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
Figure 4: live load on purlin
The reactions:
3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑏 = 0.225 ∗ = 0.3375 𝐾𝑁
2
1.4.2 Concentrated live load
The maximum effect of concentrated live load for truss is obtained when that load is at the support
location, i.e.,
𝑅𝑎 = 1 𝐾𝑁 𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑏 = 1 𝐾𝑁
1.5 LOAD COMBINATION
Combination 1
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏1 = 1.35𝐺𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘 + 1.15𝑤𝑘
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏1(𝑦) = 1.35 ∗ 0.091 + 1.5 ∗ 1 + 1.15 ∗ 0.265 = 1.93 𝐾𝑁
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏1(𝑥) = 1.35 ∗ 0 + 1.5 ∗ 0 + 1.15 ∗ 0.096 = 0.1104 𝐾𝑁
Figure 5: load on truss
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1.6 Truss analysis using method of joints
Free body diagram
∑ 𝑀𝑎 = 0
combl(y) x Ma comb1(x) y Ma
1.93 0.9 1.737 0.1104 0.32 0.035328
1.93 1.8 3.474 0.1104 0.64 0.070656
1.93 2.7 5.211 0.1104 0.96 0.105984
1.93 3.6 6.948 0.1104 1.28 0.141312
1.93 4.5 8.685 0.1104 1.6 0.17664
1.93 5.4 10.422 0.1104 1.92 0.211968
1.93 6.3 12.159 0.1104 2.24 0.247296
1.93 6.9 13.317 0.1104 2.45 0.27048
1.93 7.5 14.475 0.1104 2.45 0.27048
1.93 8.4 16.212 0.1104 2.24 0.247296
1.93 9.3 17.949 0.1104 1.92 0.211968
1.93 10.2 19.686 0.1104 1.6 0.17664
1.93 11.1 21.423 0.1104 1.28 0.141312
1.93 12 23.16 0.1104 0.96 0.105984
1.93 12.9 24.897 0.1104 0.64 0.070656
1.93 13.8 26.634 0.1104 0.32 0.035328
30.88 226.389 1.7664 2.519328
Table 1: moment due to external action
226.389 + 2.519
𝑅𝑏𝑦 = = 16.58 𝐾𝑁
13.8
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑅𝑎𝑦 = 30.88 − 16.58 = 14.29 𝐾𝑁
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹𝑥 = 1.7664 𝐾𝑁
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Now consider joint A:
Figure: joint A
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝐹1 sin(20) + 𝑅𝑎𝑦 = 0
−𝑅𝑎𝑦 14.29
𝐹1 = =− = −41.78 𝐾𝑁
sin(20) sin(20)
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝐹2 + 𝐹1 cos(20) + 𝑅𝑎𝑥 = 0
𝐹2 = −𝑅𝑎𝑥 − 𝐹1 cos(20) = −1.766 − (−41.78 ∗ cos(20)) = 37.50 𝐾𝑁
Consider section A-A:
Figure: section A-A
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∑ 𝑀𝑏 = 0
𝑅𝑎𝑦 ∗ 3.6 − 𝑅𝑎𝑥 ∗ 1.28 − 𝐹5 ∗ 1.28 − 0.1104 ∗ 0.32 − 0.1104 ∗ 0.64 − 0.1104 ∗ 0.96
− 0.1104 ∗ 1.28 − 1.93 ∗ 0.9 ∗ (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = 0
14.29 ∗ 3.6 − 1.766 ∗ 1.28 − 0.3499 − 17.37
𝐹5 = = 24.581 𝐾𝑁
1.28
∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0
𝑅𝑎𝑥 + 𝐹5 + 𝐹3 ∗ cos(20) + 𝐹4 ∗ cos(55) + 5 ∗ 0.1104 = 0
0.939 ∗ 𝐹3 + 0.574𝐹4 = −40.74
∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0
𝑅𝑎𝑦 − 5 ∗ 1.93 − 𝐹4 ∗ sin(55) + 𝐹5 ∗ sin(20) = 0
−0.819𝐹4 + 0.342𝐹5 = 4.64
Solving the two equations simultaneously
𝐹4 = −20.97 𝐾𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹5 = −36.66 𝐾𝑁
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